Archives of Surgery

JENKINS, HILGER PERRY;SCHAFER, PAUL W.;OWENS, FREDERICK M.

doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1943.01220130004001pmid: N/A

Abstract The efficacy of transfusion of blood and plasma for relief of shock has become well established. An important problem in replacement therapy is the amount of blood or plasma which is necessary for the individual patient. This depends primarily on two factors: (1) the amount of blood and/or plasma which was originally lost or which continues to be lost subsequent to the shock stimulus or as a result of additional shock stimuli, and (2) the extent to which the compensatory mechanisms of the body, such as vasoconstriction and hemodilution, can make up for the deficiency in blood volume. (Vasoconstriction attempts to adjust the size of the vascular bed to the remaining blood volume, and hemodilution endeavors to replace the loss of whole blood or plasma with tissue fluids.) The effectiveness of the compensation for a reduction in blood volume depends to a large extent on the original condition of the References 1. Schafer, P. W.: Blood Volume Studies: A Review, to be published. 2. Knisely, M. H., and Bloch, E. H.: Microscopic Observation of Intravascular Agglutination of Red Cells and Consequent Sludging of the Blood in Human Diseases , Anat. Rec. 82:34, 1942 3. Scudder, J.: Shock: Blood Studies as a Guide to Therapy , Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1940. 4. Harkins, H. N.: The Treatment of Burns , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1942. 5. Elkinton, J. R.; Wolff, W. A., and Lee, W. E.: Plasma Transfusion in the Treatment of Fluid Shift in Severe Burns , Ann. Surg. 112:150, 1940.Crossref 6. Wolff, W. A., and Lee, W. E.: A Simple Method for Estimating Plasma Protein Deficit After Severe Burns , Ann. Surg. 115:1125, 1942.Crossref 7. Black, D. A. K.: Treatment of Burn Shock with Plasma and Serum , Brit. M. J. 2:693, 1940.Crossref 8. Berkow, S. G.: A Method of Estimating the Extensiveness of Lesions (Burns and Scalds) Based on Surface Area Proportions , Arch. Surg. 8:138 ( (Jan.) ) 1924.Crossref

POSTLETHWAIT, R. W.

doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1943.01220130007002pmid: N/A

Abstract In a time such as the present, with the entire resources of the nation mobilized for the successful conduct of war, it is particularly important that elective operations for the persons constituting the nation's manpower result in a maximum number of cures. Varicose veins of the lower extremities cannot be considered a major cause of disability,1 but the impairment of efficiency of soldiers and workmen afflicted with them is readily apparent. Even in a small station hospital such as this, patients are seen too frequently with recurrent or inadequately treated varicose veins. In many of the cases it is obvious that if a systematic examination and a proper plan of treatment had been followed a much more satisfactory result could have been obtained. Despite the numerous excellent papers which have been written on this subject,2 the correct use and technic of ligation of the saphenous vein do not References 1. Rowntree, L. G.; McGill, K. H., and Folk, O. H.: Health of Selective Service Registrants J. A. M. A. 118:1223 [ (April 4) ] 1942 2. Barrow, W.: Physiologic Changes Associated with Varicose Veins and Their Correction , Arch. Surg. 45:633 ( (Oct.) ) 1942.Crossref 3. Harkins, H. N., and Schug, R.: The Surgical Management of Varicose Veins: Importance of Individualization in the Choice of Procedure , Surgery 11:402 ( (March) ) 1942. 4. Moore, S. W., and Knapp, G. M.: Varicose Veins , Ann. Surg. 115:131 ( (Jan.) ) 1942.Crossref 5. Payne, R. T.: The Scope of Operation in the Treatment of Varicose Veins , Brit. M. J. 2:533 ( (Oct. 18) ) 1941.Crossref 6. Sherman, R. S.: Varicose Veins: A Suggested Operative Procedure , California & West. Med. 57:192 ( (Sept.) ) 1942. 7. Symposium on Varicose Veins , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 16:820 ( (Dec. 24) ) 1941. 8. Ferguson, L. K.: Surgery of the Ambulatory Patient , Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1942. 9. Christopher, F.: Minor Surgery , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1938. 10. Harkins, H. N.: Individualization in the Surgical Treatment of Varicose Veins , Ann. Surg. 113:1109 ( (June) ) 1941. 11. Mahorner, H. R., and Ochsner, A.: The Modern Treatment of Varicose Veins as Indicated by the Comparative Tourniquet Test , Ann. Surg. 107:927 ( (June) ) 1938. 12. Heyerdale, W. W., and Stalker, L. K.: The Management of Varicose Veins of the Lower Extremities , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 16:827 ( (Dec. 24) ) 1941.

SCHROEDER, GEORGE F.;SCHATTENBERG, HERBERT J.

doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1943.01220130011003pmid: N/A

Abstract In recent years there has been a considerable increase in the number of reports of cases of sarcoma of the stomach. It is the purpose of this study to add several cases to the literature and emphasize some of the pathologic features of the disease. The term "primary lymphosarcoma of the stomach" is confusing and requires clarification. It is generally agreed that lymphosarcoma is a systemic disease which may manifest itself in many different ways. If it appears in the stomach this is merely the site of local involvement. Unlike carcinomatous lesions, which form more or less definite patterns depending on the organ involved, lymphosarcoma is essentially the same regardless of the tissue in question. Like carcinoma it is malignant and spreads by continuity and contiguity and metastatically. Morgagni1 first described the condition in 1751. Sibley2 in 1856, Bruch3 in 1847 and Cruveilhier4 in 1871 each References 1. Morgagni, cited by Hubeny and Delano.30 2. Sibley, S. W.: Example of Multiple Fibrous Tumors , Tr. Path. Soc. London 7:340, 1856. 3. Bruch, C.: Die Diagnose der bösartigen Geschwülste , Mainz, V. von Zabern, 1847. 4. Cruveilhier, cited by Forni.8 5. Virchow, cited by D'Aunoy and Zoeller.10 6. Fenwick, W. S.: Primary Sarcoma of the Stomach , Lancet 1:463, 1901. 7. Flebbe, G.: Ueber das Magensarkom , Frankfurt. Ztschr. f. Path. 12:311, 1913. 8. Forni, G.: Contributo allo studio del sarcoma primitivo della stomaco , Riforma med. 30:624, 1914. 9. Haggard, W. D.: Sarcoma of the Stomach , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 31:505, 1920. 10. D'Aunoy, R., and Zoeller, A.: Sarcoma of the Stomach: Report of Four Cases and Review of the Literature , Am. J. Surg. 9:444, 1930. 11. Madding, G. F.: Lymphosarcoma of the Stomach with Particular Reference to the Reticulum Cell Variety , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 14:202, 1939. 12. Ewing, J.: Neoplastic Diseases , ed. 4, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1940. 13. Pack, G. T., and McNeer, G.: Sarcoma of the Stomach: A Report of Nine Cases , Ann. Surg. 101:1206, 1935. 14. Hesse, O.: Das Magensarkom , Centralbl. f. d. Grenzgeb. d. Med. u. Chir. 15:550, 1912. 15. Mars, M., and Kirshbaum, J. D.: Leiomyosarcoma of the Stomach with Perforation , Am. J. Roentgenol. 44:716, 1940. 16. Yates, J. L.: Sarcoma and Myoma of the Stomach , Ann. Surg. 44:550, 1912. 17. Chout, L. K.: Primary Sarcoma of the Stomach , Radiology 34:714, 1940. 18. Hunt, V. C.: Partial Gastrectomy for Lymphosarcoma in Childhood , Ann. Surg. 96:210, 1932. 19. Finlayson, J.: Case of Sarcoma of the Stomach in a Child Aged Three and One-Half Years , Brit. M. J. 2:1535, 1899. 20. Grosset, L. L.: Le sarcome primitive de l'estomac , Presse méd. 22:221, 1912. 21. di Giacomo, G.: Su due casi di sarcoma primitivo dello stomaco , Riforma med. 31:114, 1915. 22. Taylor, E. S.: Primary Lymphosarcoma of the Stomach , Ann. Surg. 110:200, 1939. 23. Hochmann, A.: Sarcoma of the Stomach , Lancet 1:362, 1940. 24. Ritter, S. A.: A Case of Primary Lymphosarcoma Occupying Two-Thirds of the Fundus of the Stomach , Am. J. Surg. 47:131, 1940. 25. Archer, V. W., and Cooper, G.: Lymphosarcoma of the Stomach: Diagnosis and Treatment , Am. J. Roentgenol. 42:332, 1940. 26. Schindler, R.: Gastroscopy , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1937. 27. Madding, G. F., and Walters, W.: Lymphosarcoma of the Stomach , Arch. Surg. 40:120 ( (Jan.) ) 1940.Crossref 28. Roulet, F.: Das primäre Retothelsarkom der Lymphknoten , Virchows Arch. f. path. Anat. 277:15, 1930.Crossref 29. Edling, L.: Contribution to the Pathology and Clinical Picture of Reticulum Cell Sarcoma , Radiology 30:19, 1938.Crossref 30. Hubeny, M. J., and Delano, P. J.: Retothel Sarcoma of the Stomach , Radiology 34:366, 1940.Crossref 31. Brodowski, W.: Ein ungeheures Myosarkom der Magens nebst secundären Myosarkomen der Leber , Virchows Arch. f. path. Anat. 67:227, 1876.Crossref

MACDONALD, DEAN

doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1943.01220130023004pmid: N/A

Abstract The controversy over the treatment of acute cholecystitis seems to have produced no definite agreement. This is partly because the conclusions and deductions of the many analytic studies are based on variable and inconstant factors. This paper is an attempt to find a common denominator for these factors and to place the problem, from both the etiologic and the therapeutic viewpoint, on a more solid pathologic basis. Such a state is desirable in view of the increasing consciousness that serious complications are more common than was formerly believed (empyema of the gallbladder, pericholecystitis, fistula formation, gangrene, perforation and such conditions). The prevailing discussions do not, nor does this one, concern the general treatment, on which all physicians agree—namely, that the patient must be carried over the immediate dangers with the greatest assurance of safety. Rather, they concern the method by which this should be accomplished—i. e. medical therapy, which is References 1. Macdonald, D.: The Postural Treatment of Biliary Colic: Its Relationship to Acute Cholecystitis , Am. J. Digest. Dis. 10:138 ( (April) ) 1943.Crossref 2. Seven personally observed cases and 5 studied by permission of Drs. A. H. Greenwood, A. M. Anderson, J. S. Sheahan, A. D. Konkin and W. D. Cornwall. 3. One of these dangers concerns the sudden upset in the physiochemical balance of the liver, which in chronic disease has had an opportunity to become partially balanced. This is less likely to happen in acute cholecystitis, because there are two pathologic processes involved. 4. Macdonald, D., and Drysdale, H. R.: Surgical Treatment of Medical Jaundice , Am. J. Surg. 60:122 ( (April) ) 1943.Crossref

MEYER, KARL A.;STEIGMANN, FREDERICK;POPPER, HANS;WALTERS, WILLIAM H.

doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1943.01220130029005pmid: N/A

Abstract Many facts indicate an influence of the liver on the metabolism of vitamin A. In acute1 and chronic2 hepatic disease the vitamin A content of the blood is low. Night blindness due to deficiency of vitamin A has been reported in acute hepatitis3 and in cirrhosis even without jaundice.4 The vitamin A content of the liver is low in chronic hepatitides (cirrhoses)5 and variable in acute hepatitis and in catarrhal or arsphenamine jaundice.6 The histologic distribution of vitamin A in the liver is considerably changed by damage to the liver.7 Several factors have been mentioned to explain the foregoing observations, such as: (1) faulty absorption of vitamin A and especially of carotene from the intestinal tract8; (2) inability of the liver to store vitamin A, although more emphasis is laid on alterations of the reticuloendothelial system than on damage to the hepatic References 1. (a) Lasch, F.: Klin. Wchnschr. 17:1107, 1938.Crossref 2. (b) Lindqvist, T.: Acta med. Scandinav. , 1938, (supp. 97) , p. 1. 3. (c) Breese, B. B., and McCoord, A. B.: J. Pediat. 16:139, 1940.Crossref 4. Haig, C., and Patek, A., Jr.: J. Clin. Investigation 21:309, 1942.Crossref 5. Wohl, M. G., and Feldman, J. B.: Am. J. Digest. Dis. 8:464, 1941.Crossref 6. Patek, A. J., Jr., and Haig, C.: J. Clin. Investigation 18:609, 1939.Crossref 7. (a) Moore, T.: Biochem. J. 31:155, 1937. 8. (b) Breusch, F., and Scalabrino, R.: Ztschr. f. d. ges. exper. Med. 94:569, 1934.Crossref 9. (c) Ralli, E. P.; Papper, E.; Paley, K., and Bauman, E.: Vitamin A and Carotene Content of Human Liver in Normal and in Diseased Subjects: Analysis of One Hundred and Sixteen Human Livers , Arch. Int. Med. 68:102 ( (July) ) 1941.Crossref 10. (d) Woo, T. T., and Chu, F. T.: Chinese J. Physiol. 15:83, 1940. 11. Lindqvist.1b Breusch and Scalabrino.5b 12. Popper, H.: Histologic Distribution of Vitamin A in Human Organs Under Normal and Under Pathologic Conditions , Arch. Path. 31:766 ( (June) ) 1941. 13. Graeves, J. D., and Schmidt, C. L. A.: Am. J. Physiol. 111:492, 1935. 14. Lasch, F., and Roller, D.: Klin. Wchnschr. 15:1636, 1936.Crossref 15. Wendt, H., and Koenig, D.: Klin. Wchnschr. 16:1253, 1937.Crossref 16. Graeves, J. D., and Schmidt, C. L. A.: Am. J. Physiol. 111:502, 1935. 17. Graeves, J. D., and Schmidt, C. L. A.: Am. J. Physiol. 116:456, 1936. 18. (a) Meyer, K. A.; Popper, H.; Steigmann, F.; Walters, W. H., and Zevin, S.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 49:589, 1942. 19. (b) Popper, H.; Steigmann, F.; Meyer, K. A., and Zevin, S.: Relation Between Hepatic Vitamin A Concentration and Plasma Vitamin A Level in Human Beings, Arch. Int. Med., to be published. 20. Meyer, K. A.; Popper, H., and Ragins, A. B.: Histologic Distribution of Vitamin A in Biopsy Specimens of Liver , Arch. Surg. 43:376 ( (Sept.) ) 1941. 21. The vitamin A concentrates used in this study were supplied by the Distillation Products, Inc., of Rochester, N. Y. 22. Popper, H.; Steigmann, F., and Zevin, S.: J. Clin. Investigation, to be published. 23. Kraus, I.: J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 25:1300, 1940. 24. Poncher, H. G.; Ricewasser, J. C., and Kato, K.: J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 27:385, 1941. 25. Kraus, I., and Kalal, E.: J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 27:1208, 1942. 26. Bodansky, O.: J. Biol. Chem. 99:197, 1932. 27. G. Y. Shinowara, L. M. Jones and H. L. Rinehart ( J. Biol. Chem. 142:921, 1942) 28. I. Kraus (personal communication to the authors) 29. Kraus, I., and Dulkin, S.: J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 26:729, 1941. 30. Shay, H., and Fieman, P.: Am. J. Digest. Dis. 5:597, 1938. 31. Hanger, F. M.: J. Clin. Investigation 18:261, 1939. 32. Watson, C. J.: Am. J. Clin. Path. 6:458, 1936. 33. Josephs, H. W.: Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 65:112, 1939. 34. Kimble, M. S.: J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 24:1055, 1939. 35. von Querner, F.: Klin. Wchnschr. 14:1213, 1935. 36. Popper, H.: J. Mt. Sinai Hosp. 7:119, 1940 37. Kirshbaum, J. D., and Popper, H.: Toxic Hepatitis: Intermediary Fatal Form with Enlargement of Liver; Clinical and Pathologic Study , Arch. Int. Med. 65:465 ( (March) ) 1940. 38. Keschner, H. W., and Klemperer, P.: Frequency and Significance of Hepatic Edema , Arch. Path. 22:583 ( (Nov.) ) 1936. 39. Stewart, J. D., and Rourke, G. M.: Surgery 11:939, 1942. 40. Abels, C. J.; Gorham, A. T.; Pack, G. T., and Rhoads, C. P.: J. Clin. Investigation 20:749, 1941. 41. Abels, J. C.; Rekers, P. E.; Binkley, G. E.; Pack, G. T., and Rhoads, C. P.: Ann. Int. Med. 16:221, 1942. 42. Abels, J. C.; Gorham, A. T.; Pack, G. T., and Rhoads, C. P.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 48:488, 1941. 43. Breese, B. B., and McCoord, A. B.: J. Pediat. 16:139, 1940. 44. Ralli, E. P.; Bauman, E., and Roberts, L. B.: J. Clin. Investigation 20:709, 1941. 45. Murrill, W. A.; Horton, P. B.; Leiberman, E., and Newburgh, L. H.: J. Clin. Investigation 20:395, 1941. 46. Moore, T.: Biochem. J. 25:275, 1931. 47. Baumann, C. A.; Riising, B. M., and Steenbock, H.: J. Biol. Chem. 107:705, 1934. 48. Popper, H.; Steigmann, F., and Dyniewicz, H. A.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 50:266, 1942. 49. Popper, H., and Greenberg, R.: Visualization of Vitamin A in Rat Organs by Fluorescence Microscopy , Arch. Path. 32:11 ( (July) ) 1941. 50. Graham, E. A.: Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 26:521, 1918. 51. Judd, E. S.: Relation of Liver and Pancreas to Infection of Gallbladder , J. A. M. A. 77:197 ( (July 16) ) 1921. 52. Deaver, J. B.: Sequelae of Biliary Tract Infection , J. A. M. A. 95:1641 ( (Nov. 29) ) 1930. 53. Noble, J. F.: Am. J. Path. 9:473, 1933. 54. Popper, H., and Chinn, H.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 49:202, 1942.

TARLOV, I. M.;DENSLOW, C.;SWARZ, S.;PINELES, D.

doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1943.01220130047006pmid: N/A

Abstract By plasma clot suture it has been found possible in certain cases to effect better restoration of the anatomic relationships of nerve stumps with less trauma to them than with the aid of silk.1 However, owing largely to imperfections in technic, our earlier experiments were not uniformly successful. It soon became clear that plasma clot was suitable as suture material only when the nerve ends could be united without tension. It developed that further requisites for satisfactory suture by means of a plasma clot are: freedom from hemorrhage and contusion around the site of suture; procurement of flat, smooth contact surfaces of the nerve stumps so that satisfactory coaptation of fibers can be obtained, and the use of a removable mold which permits the plasma to surround uniformly the entire site of suture. The results of our efforts to bring about these favorable conditions for plasma clot suture of References 1. Tarlov, I. M., and Benjamin, B.: Plasma Clot and Silk Suture of Nerves , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 76:366, 1943. 2. Goldfarb, A. I.; Tarlov, I. M.; Bojar, S., and Wiener, A. S.: Plasma Clot Tensile Strength: Its Relation to Plasma Fibrinogen and to Certain Physical Factors , J. Clin. Investigation 22:183, 1943. 3. Footnote deleted. 4. Tarlov, I. M.; Goldfarb, A. I., and Benjamin, B.: A Method for Measuring the Tensile Strength and Stretch of Plasma Clots , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 27:1333, 1942. 5. Strumia, M.: Preservation of Prothrombin in Dried Plasma , J. A. M. A. 119:710 ( (June 27) ) 1942. 6. The experiments with dried plasma are now being carried on with the assistance of Dr. A. E. Sobel and Mr. M. Rockemacher. 7. Supplied by Professor E. J. Cohn, Harvard University. 8. The Fansteel Metallurgical Corporation supplied the tantalum wire. 9. Young, J.; Holmes, W., and Sanders, F.: Nerve Regeneration: Importance of the Peripheral Stump and the Value of Nerve Grafts , Lancet 2:128, 1940. 10. Young, J. Z., and Medawar, P. B.: Fibrin Suture of Peripheral Nerves , Lancet 2:126, 1940. 11. Tarlov, I. M., and Benjamin, B.: Autologous Plasma Clot Suture of Nerves , Science 95:1258, 1942

TAYLOR, R. D.;PAGE, IRVINE H.

doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1943.01220130062007pmid: N/A

Abstract Epinephrine administered intravenously to dogs causes the hematocrit index to rise, probably because of contraction of the spleen.1 A similar rise which occurs in traumatic shock is diminished by section of the spinal cord or spinal anesthesia. The relationship of these facts was brought to our attention because of the observation that the spleens of dogs which had died of traumatic shock were small and bloodless. It seemed probable that sympathetic stimulation of the spleen might in part be responsible for the erythremia of traumatic shock in dogs. It has been attempted, therefore, to show that exclusion of the spleen by pharmacologic and surgical means reduces the anticipated increase in hematocrit index when shock is elicited by tourniquets or intestinal manipulation. Further, the question has been explored as to the importance of the spleen in the erythremia resulting from injections of epinephrine into normal and splenectomized human beings, on References 1. (a) Barcroft, J., and Barcroft, H.: J. Physiol. 58:138, 1923. 2. (b) Cruickshank, E. W. H.: J. Physiol. 61:455, 1926. 3. (c) Hargis, E. H., and Mann, F. C.: Am. J. Physiol. 75:180, 1925. 4. (d) de Boer, S., and Carroll, D. C.: J. Physiol. 59:312 and 381, 1924. 5. (e) Hanak, A., and Harkavy, J.: J. Physiol. 59:121, 1924. 6. Dobson, W.: An Experimental Inquiry into the Structure and Function of the Spleen , London, J. Wilson, 1830. 7. Wagner, R.: Ueber die Contractilität der Milz , Nachr. v. d. k. Gesellsch. d. Wissensch. u. d. Georg.-Aug. Univ. Göttingen 2:89, 1849. 8. Sabinski, Z.: Sudebno med. znachenie pjaten Tardieu pri smerti ot zadushenija (suffocatio) i anemii selezenki pri asphiktich-eskich smertjach, Thesis, St. Petersburg, 1865. 9. Schiff, J. M.: Leçons sur la physiologie de la digestion, faites au Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Florence. Redigées par Émile Levier , Florence, H. Loescher, 1867. 10. Oehl, E.: Gazz. med. ital. lomb. 1:10, 1868. 11. von Tarchanoff, F.: Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol. 8:97, 1874.Crossref 12. Bulgak, J.: Virchows Arch. f. path. Anat. 69:181, 1877.Crossref 13. Roy, C. S.: J. Physiol. 3:203, 1880. 14. Schäfer, E. A., and Moore, B.: J. Physiol. 20:1, 1896. 15. Richberg, E.: Ztschr. f. Biol. 89:481, 1930. 16. (a) Barcroft, J.; Murray, C. D.; Arahovats, D.; Sands, J., and Weiss, R.: J. Physiol. 60:443, 1925. 17. (b) Barcroft, J.: Lancet 1:544, 1926.Crossref 18. (c) Barcroft, J., and Poole, L. T.: J. Physiol. 64:23, 1928. 19. (d) Barcroft, J., and Stephens, J. G.: J. Physiol. 64:1, 1928. 20. Binet, L., and Williamson, R.: Scandinav. Arch. f. Physiol. 49:92, 1926. 21. Binet, L.; Cardot, H., and Williamson, R.: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 95:262, 1926. 22. Binet, L., and Fournier, B.: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 95:1141, 1926. 23. Viale, G., and di Leo Lira, J.: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 97:1239, 1926. 24. Müller, H. K.: Ztschr. f. Biol. 87:307, 1928. 25. Abderhalden, E., and Roske, A.: Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol. 216:308, 1927.Crossref 26. Boveri, P.: Biophysikal. Centralbl. 3:511, 1907-1908. 27. Steiger, O.: Med. Klin. 8:1746, 1912. 28. Lamson, P. D.: J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 7:169, 1915 29. 9:129, 1916 30. 16:125, 1920. 31. Izquierdo, J. J., and Cannon, W. B.: Am. J. Physiol. 84:545, 1928. 32. Scheunert, A., and Krzywanek, F. W.: Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol. 213:198, 1926. 33. Kendrick, D. B., Jr., and Uihlein, A.: Surgery 12:76, 1942. 34. Hausner, E.; Essex, H. E., and Mann, F. C.: Am. J. Physiol. 121:387, 1938. 35. Hahn, P. F.; Bale, W. F., and Bonner, J. F., Jr.: Am. J. Physiol. 137:717, 1942. 36. Keeley, J. L.; Gibson, J. G., Jr., and Pijoan, M.: Surgery 5:872, 1939. 37. Searles, P. W., and Essex, H. E.: Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 11:481, 1936. 38. Essex, H. E.; Seeley, S. F.; Higgins, G. M., and Mann, F. C.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 35:154, 1936. 39. Moon, V. H.: Shock and Related Capillary Phenomena , New York, Oxford University Press, 1938. 40. Lewis, R. N.; Werle, J. M., and Wiggers, C. J.: Am. J. Physiol. 138:205, 1943. 41. Mylon, F.; Winternitz, M. C.; Katzenstein, R., and de Süto-Nagy, G. J.: Am. J. Physiol. 137:280, 1942. 42. Katz, L. N.; Shleser, I. H.; Asher, R., and Perlow, S.: Am. J. Physiol. 137:589, 1942. 43. Cullen, M. L.; Schecter, A. E.; Freeman, N. E., and Laws, M. K.: Blood Substitutes and Blood Transfusion , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1942, vol. 5. 44. Henle, F. G. J.: Ztschr. f. rat. Med. 2:229, 1852. 45. Paffenholz, W., and Schürmeyer, A.: Klin. Wchnschr. 10:2076, 1931. 46. Volicer, L., and Vesin, S.: Ztschr. f. klin. Med. 122:57, 1932. 47. Watson, C. J.: Ann. Int. Med. 12:1782, 1939. 48. Ferrari, G. C.: Riv. di pat. nerv. 2:306, 1897. 49. Ebert, R. V., and Stead, E. A.: Am. J. M. Sc. 201:655, 1941.Crossref 50. Barcroft, J.; Binger, A.; Bock. A. V.; Daggart. J. H.; Forbes. H. S.; Harrop, G.; Meakins, J. C., and Redfield, A. C.: Phil. Tr. Roy. Soc., London, s.B 211:419, 1922. 51. Bazett, H. C.; Sunderman, F. W.; Doupe, J., and Scott, J. C.: Am. J. Physiol. 129:69, 1940. 52. Ludwig, H.: Ztschr. f. d. ges. exper. Med. 80:36, 1931.Crossref 53. Wollheim, E.: Ztschr. f. klin. Med. 116:269, 1931. 54. Lucia, S. P.; Aggeler, P. M.; Husser, G. D., and Leonard, M. D.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 36:582, 1937. 55. Dill, D. B.; Talbott, J. H., and Edwards, H. T.: J. Physiol. 69:267, 1930. 56. C. J. Watson and J. R. Paine ( Am. J. M. Sc. 205:493, 1943)

LICHTENSTEIN, MANUEL E.;DUTRA, FRANK R.

doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1943.01220130072008pmid: N/A

Abstract Benign tumors of the small intestine are not common (tables 1 and 2). They are seldom recognized before operation or autopsy. Since the first comprehensive review of benign tumors of the small intestine was published in 1899 by Hertaux,1 there have been few extensive contributions to the subject. In 1917, King2 compiled abstracts of 118 cases of benign tumor recorded in the literature and gave a complete report of 1 case of sessile submucous fibroma of the jejunum. Brown,3 in 1924, reported an instance of cavernous hemangioma of the jejunum and reviewed the literature on vascular tumors of the intestines. In 1932, Raiford4 published a thorough discussion of tumors of the small intestine. He found 33 benign tumors of the small intestine5 described in all available records at the Johns Hopkins Hospital; the material reviewed included 11,500 general autopsies and 45,000 general surgical specimens. The References 1. Hertaux: Note sur les tumeurs benignes de l'intestin , Arch. prov. de chir. 8:701, 1899 2. 9:1, 1900. 3. King, E. L.: Benign Tumors of the Intestine , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 25:54, 1917. 4. Brown, A. J.: Vascular Tumors of the Intestine , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 39:191, 1924. 5. Raiford, T. S.: Tumors of the Small Intestine , Arch. Surg. 25:122 ( (July) ) 1932. 6. This figure does not include carcinoids, ectopic pancreatic tissue and cysts. 7. Rankin, F. W., and Newell, C. E.: Benign Tumors of the Small Intestine: Report of Twenty-Four Cases , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 57:501, 1933. 8. Kirshbaum, J. D.: Submucous Lipomas of the Intestinal Tract as a Cause of Intestinal Obstruction , Ann. Surg. 101:734, 1935. 9. Merchant, F. T.: Intussusception Due to Hemangioma of the Jejunum , Arch. Surg. 39:1031 ( (Dec.) ) 1939. 10. Grill, J., and Kuzma. J. F.: Recklinghausen's Disease with Unusual Symptoms from Intestinal Neurofibroma , Arch. Path. 34:902 ( (Nov.) ) 1942. 11. Stout, A. P.: The Peripheral Manifestations of the Specific Nerve Sheath Tumor (Neurilemoma) , Am. J. Cancer 24:751, 1935. 12. Blahd, M. E.; Maschke, A. S., and Karsner, H. T.: A Case of Hemangio-Endothelioma of the Ileum , Am. J. Dis. Child. 26:379 ( (Oct.) ) 1923. 13. Balfour, D. C., and Henderson, E. F.: Benign Tumors of the Duodenum , Ann. Surg. 89:30, 1929. 14. Kiefer, E. D.: Clinical Aspects of Chronic Disorders of the Small Intestine , J. A. M. A. 113:1546 ( (Oct. 21) ) 1939. 15. Ewing, J.: Neoplastic Diseases , ed. 4, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1942.

BOOKER, WALTER M.

doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1943.01220130079009pmid: N/A

Abstract I have described experiments in which circulatory failure was produced by maintaining a constant traction on the liver.1 One is ordinarily prone, however, to think only of the acute effects of circulatory failure (hemoconcentration, loss of fluid, low blood pressure, rapid and thready pulse, etc.), without at the same time thinking of the chronic effects which may come after an animal has been subjected to periods of reduction of blood pressure, not to shock but to "preshock" levels. In this connection these questions present themselves: 1. What damage is done to the animal during relatively short periods of low blood pressure (50 to 60 minutes)? 2. If any damage occurs, is it reparable or irreparable? 3. What is the mechanism of the damage? The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to present the results and interpretations of a number of experiments designed to produce chronic effects. Traction was exerted References 1. Booker, W. M.: Anesth. & Analg. 20:237, 1941 2. 22:93, 1943. 3. Bollman, J. L., and Mann, F. C.: Am. J. Physiol. 92:92, 1930. 4. Mann, F. C.: The Liver and Medical Progress , J. A. M. A. 117:1577 ( (Nov. 8) ) 1941. 5. Corcoran, A. C., and Page, I. H.: (a) Am. J. Physiol. 126:354, 1939 6. (b) J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 26:1713, 1941. 7. Penner, A., and Bernheim, A. I.: Acute Ischemic Necrosis of the Kidney , Arch. Path. 30:465 ( (Aug.) ) 1940. 8. Goldblatt, H.; Lynch, J.; Hanzal, R. F., and Summerville, W. W.: Am. J. Path. 9:942, 1933. 9. Houssay, B. A.: Medicina , Buenos Aires 1:167, 1941. 10. Braun-Menendez, E.; Fasciola, J. C.; Leloir, L., and Muñoz, J. M.: Rev. Soc. argent. de biol. 15:420, 1939. 11. Page, I. H.; McSwain, B.; Knapp, G. M., and Andrus, W. deW.: Am. J. Physiol. 135:214, 1941. 12. Blumgart, H. L.; Gilligan, D. R., and Schlesinger, M. J.: Am. Heart J. 22:374, 1941. 13. Wiggers, C. J.: Physiol. Rev. 22:74, 1942. 14. Gilbert, N. C.: Bull. New York Acad. Med. 18:83, 1942.

SCHOLL, ALBERT J.;HINMAN, FRANK;VON LICHTENBERG, ALEXANDER;HEPLER, ALEXANDER B.;GUTIERREZ, ROBERT;THOMPSON, GERSHOM J.;COOK, EDWARD N.;WILDBOLZ, EGON;O'CONOR, VINCENT J.

doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1943.01220130089010pmid: N/A

Abstract KIDNEY Tumor. —Foulds1 reports a case of renal tumor containing elements of malignant papillary cystadenoma and papillary carcinoma with clear cells. This case with other recorded cases illustrates the transition from renal adenoma to malignant cystadenoma and eventually, in some instances, to papillary carcinoma with clear cells.The patient, a man 59 years of age, complained of pain and hematuria. The kidney was removed, and the patient recovered without difficulty. The kidney measured 13 by 7 by 4.5 cm. and weighed 225 Gm. The outer surface was slightly roughened and reddened. The capsule was thin and stripped with difficulty; the stripping left a finely granular surface. In the upper pole of the kidney, projecting into a calix, there was a soft red mass, measuring 4.5 cm. in length and 2.5 cm. in its greatest width. Microscopically the tumor was composed of papillary processes covered with small cuboidal cells, with References 1. Foulds, G. S.: An Unusual Kidney Tumor: Malignant Papillary Cystadenoma and Papillary Carcinoma with Clear Cells , J. Urol. 48:131-135, ( (Aug.) ) 1942. 2. Beilin, L. M., and Neiman, B. H.: Bilateral Renal Carcinoma , J. Urol. 48:575-584 ( (Dec.) ) 1942. 3. Vitt, A. E., and Melick, W. F.: Carcinoma of the Kidney and Pregnancy , J. Urol. 48:601-610 ( (Dec.) ) 1942. 4. Colvin, S. H.: Certain Capsular and Subcapsular Mixed Tumors of the Kidney Herein Called "Capsuloma," J. Urol. 48:585-600 ( (Dec.) ) 1942. 5. Dourmashkin, R. L., and Solomon, A. A.: Upper Urinary Tract Lithiasis: A Frequent Complication of Urethral Stricture , J. Urol. 48:196-203 ( (Aug.) ) 1942. 6. Ratliff, R. K., and Conger, K. B.: The Incidence of Renal Hypertension and of Cure by Nephrectomy , J. Urol. 48:136-141 ( (Aug.) ) 1942. 7. Braasch, W. F., and Wood, W. W., Jr.: Clinical Perinephritis and Its Effect on Blood Pressure , J. Urol. 48:343-349 ( (Oct.) ) 1942. 8. Child, C. G., III: Aneurysm of the Renal Artery: A Case Report , J. Urol. 48:142-146 ( (Aug.) ) 1942. 9. Hoffman, B. J.: Renal Ischemia Produced by Aneurysm of Abdominal Aorta , J. A. M. A. 120:1028-1030 ( (Nov. 28) ) 1942.Crossref 10. Kretschmer, H. L.: Life After Nephrectomy , J. A. M. A. 121:473-478 ( (Feb. 13) ) 1943.Crossref 11. Wakim, K. G.; Herrick, J. F.; Baldes, E. J., and Mann, F. C.: The Effect of Pitressin on Renal Circulation and Urine Secretion , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 27:1013-1022 ( (May) ) 1942. 12. Moore, T.: Tumors of the Ureter , Brit. J. Surg. 29:371-377 ( (April) ) 1942. 13. Sauer, H. R.: Case of Large Bone Metastasis from Carcinoma of the Ureter Complicated by Congenital Giant Hydronephrosis , J. Urol. 48:467-473 ( (Nov.) ) 1942. 14. Riches, E. W.: A Case of Primary Carcinoma of the Ureter , Brit. J. Surg. 29:392-393 ( (April) ) 1942. 15. Jewett, H. J.: A New Method of Ureteral Transplantation for Cancer of the Bladder: A Report of Fifteen Clinical Cases , J. Urol. 48:489-509 ( (Nov.) ) 1942. 16. Spencer, H.: Mucoid Adenocarcinoma of the Urinary Bladder , Brit. J. Surg. 29:400-402 ( (April) ) 1942. 17. Graham, W. H.: Ectopia Vesicae Complicated by Adenocarcinoma, with a Review of the Literature , Brit. J. Surg. 30:23-32 ( (July) ) 1942. 18. Kreutzmann, H. A. R.: Primary Lymphosarcoma of the Bladder , J. Urol. 48:147-152 ( (Aug.) ) 1942. 19. Wheelock, M. C.: Sarcoma of the Urinary Bladder , J. Urol. 48:628-634 ( (Dec.) ) 1942. 20. Buschke, F., and Cantril, S. T.: Roentgentherapy of Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder: An Analysis of Fifty-Two Patients Treated with Eight Hundred K. V. Roentgentherapy , J. Urol. 48:368-383 ( (Oct.) ) 1942. 21. Atkinson, R. C.: Skin Metastases from Bladder Tumors , J. Urol. 48:350-356 ( (Oct.) ) 1942. 22. Emmett, J. L., and McDonald, J. R.: Proliferation of Glands of the Urinary Bladder Simulating Malignant Neoplasm , J. Urol. 48:257-265 ( (Sept.) ) 1942. 23. Trabucco, A.: Embryology of the Vesical Neck Muscle , J. Urol. 48:153-162 ( (Aug.) ) 1942. 24. Alyea, E. P., and Henderson, A. F.: Carcinoma of the Prostate: Immediate Response to Bilateral Orchiectomy; Clinical and X-Ray Evidence , J. A. M. A. 120:1099-1102 ( (Dec. 5) ) 1942.Crossref 25. Creevy, C. D.: The Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Carcinoma of the Prostate , J. A. M. A. 120:1102-1105 ( (Dec. 5) ) 1942.Crossref 26. Nesbit, R. M., and Cummings, R. H.: Prostatic Carcinoma Treated by Orchiectomy: A Preliminary Report Based on Seventy-Five Cases Observed for at Least Six Months Following Operation , J. A. M. A. 120:1109-1111 ( (Dec. 5) ) 1942.Crossref 27. Gutman, A. B.: Serum "Acid" Phosphatase in Patients with Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland: Present Status , J. A. M. A. 120:1112-1116 ( (Dec. 5) ) 1942.Crossref 28. Herbst, W. P.: Biochemical Therapeusis in Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland , J. A. M. A. 120:1116-1120 ( (Dec. 5) ) 1942.Crossref 29. Bumpus, H. C., Jr., in discussion on papers of Alyea and Henderson,24 Creevy,25 Thompson,42 Nesbit and Cummings,26 Gutman27 and Herbst,28 J. A. M. A. 120:1120 ( (Dec. 5) ) 1942. 30. Kearns, W. M., in discussion on papers of Alyea and Henderson,24 Creevy,25 Thompson,42 Nesbit and Cummings,26 Gutman27 and Herbst,28 J. A. M. A. 120:1121 ( (Dec. 5) ) 1942. 31. Vermooten, V., in discussion on papers of Alyea and Henderson,24 Creevy,25 Thompson,42 Nesbit and Cummings,26 Gutman27 and Herbst,28 J. A. M. A. 120:1121 ( (Dec. 5) ) 1942. 32. Creevy, C. D., in discussion on papers of Alyea and Henderson,24 Creevy,25 Thompson,42 Nesbit and Cummings,26 Gutman27 and Herbst,28 J. A. M. A. 120:1122 ( (Dec. 5) ) 1942.Crossref 33. Chute, R.; Willetts, A. T., and Gens, J. P.: Experiences in the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Prostate with Stilbestrol and with Castration by the Technique of Intra-Capsular Orchidectomy , J. Urol. 48:682-692 ( (Dec.) ) 1942. 34. Neuswanger, C. H., in discussion on papers of Alyea and Henderson and Chute, Willetts and Gens,33 J. Urol. 48:694-697 ( (Dec.) ) 1942. 35. Herbst, W. P., in discussion on papers of Alyea and Henderson and Chute, Willetts and Gens,33 J. Urol. 48:697-698 ( (Dec.) ) 1942. 36. Dean, A. L., in discussion on papers of Alyea and Henderson and Chute, Willetts and Gens,33 J. Urol. 48:698-699 ( (Dec.) ) 1942. 37. Munger, A. D., in discussion on papers of Alyea and Henderson and Chute, Willetts and Gens,33 J. Urol. 48:701-702 ( (Dec.) ) 1942. 38. Sullivan, T. J.; Gutman, E. B., and Gutman, A. B.: Theory and Application of the Serum "Acid" Phosphatase Determination in Metastasizing Prostatic Carcinoma: Early Effects on Castration , J. Urol. 48:426-458 ( (Oct.) ) 1942. 39. Hamm, F. C.: Clinical Aspects of Carcinoma of the Prostate: Review of Thirty-Eight Operative Cases , J. Urol. 48:174-186 ( (Aug.) ) 1942. 40. Riba, L. W.: Subcapsular Castration for Carcinoma of Prostate , J. Urol. 48:384-387 ( (Oct.) ) 1942. 41. Randall, A.: Eight-Year Results of Castration for Cancer of the Prostate , J. Urol. 48:706-709 ( (Dec.) ) 1942. 42. Thompson, G. J.: Transurethral Resection of Malignant Lesions of the Prostate Gland , J. A. M. A. 120:1105-1109 ( (Dec. 5) ) 1942.Crossref 43. Davis, E.: The Renaissance of Prostatectomy with Particular Reference to Minimal Hospitalization Without Preliminary Drainage , J. Urol. 48:163-169 ( (Aug.) ) 1942. 44. Humphreys, G. A.: Some Causes of Unsatisfactory End Results After Prostatectomy , J. Urol. 48:388-391 ( (Oct.) ) 1942. 45. Folsom, A. I., and O'Brien, H. A.: The Female Obstructing Prostate , J. A. M. A. 121:573-580 ( (Feb. 20) ) 1943.Crossref 46. Nesbit, R., in discussion on Folsom and O'Brien.45 47. Kretschmer, H. L., in discussion on Folsom and O'Brien.45 48. O'Conor, V. J., in discussion on Folsom and O'Brien.45 49. Gilbert, J. B.: Studies in Malignant Testis Tumors: VIII. Tumors in Pseudohermaphrodites; Review of Sixty Cases and a Case Report , J. Urol. 48:665-672 ( (Dec.) ) 1942. 50. Dockerty, M. B., and Priestley, J. T.: Lymphosarcoma of the Testis (Report of Four New Cases) , J. Urol. 48:514-523 ( (Nov.) ) 1942. 51. Prince, C. L.: Rhabdomysarcoma of the Testicle , J. Urol. 48:187-195 ( (Aug.) ) 1942. 52. Dockerty, M. B., and Priestley, J. T.: Dermoid Cysts of the Testis , J. Urol. 48:392-400 ( (Oct.) ) 1942. 53. Gordon-Taylor, G., and Ommaney-Davis, C.: A Case of Adenoma of the Epididymis with a Note on Solid Tumors of the Epididymis , Brit. J. Surg. 29:260-262 ( (Oct.) ) 1941.Crossref 54. Blumer, C. E. M., and Edwards, J. L.: Adenoma of the Epididymis , Brit. J. Surg. 29:263-265 ( (Oct.) ) 1941.Crossref 55. Strong, G. H.: Primary Malignant Tumor of the Epididymis (Rhabdomyosarcoma) , J. Urol. 48:533-535 ( (Nov.) ) 1942. 56. Strong, G. H.: Lipomyxoma of the Spermatic Cord: Case Report and Review of Literature , J. Urol. 48:527-532 ( (Nov.) ) 1942. 57. Marshall, V. F.: Tumor of Spermatic Cord: Report of Case , J. Urol. 48:524-526 ( (Nov.) ) 1942. 58. Silverstone, M.: Traumatic Rupture of the Urethra , Brit. J. Surg. 30:70-74 ( (July) ) 1942.Crossref 59. Finland, M.; Peterson, O. L., and Goodwin, R. A., Jr.: Sulfadiazine: Further Clinical Studies of Its Efficacy and Toxic Effects in Four Hundred and Sixty Patients , Ann. Int. Med. 17:920-934 ( (Dec.) ) 1942.Crossref 60. Greene, L. F.; Pool, T. L., and Cook, E. N.: Sulfadiazine in the Treatment of Infections of the Urinary Tract , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 17:510-511 ( (Sept. 23) ) 1942. 61. Wright, D. O., and Kinsey, R. E.: Renal Complications Due to Sulfadiazine , J. A. M. A. 120:1351-1354 ( (Dec. 26) ) 1942.Crossref 62. Louria, A. L., and Solomon, C.: Complete Anuria Caused by Sulfadiazine , J. A. M. A. 120:1354-1356 ( (Dec. 26) ) 1942.Crossref 63. Greenwald, E.: Chancroidal Infection , J. A. M. A. 121:9-11 ( (Jan. 2) ) 1943.Crossref 64. Helmholz, H. F.: The Bacteriostatic Action of Sulfadiazine, Sulfathiazole, Sulfacetimide and Sulfapyridine on Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Infections , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 17:529-533 ( (Oct. 21) ) 1942. 65. Loveless, J. A., and Denton, W.: The Oral Use of Sulfathiazole as a Prophylaxis for Gonorrhea , J. A. M. A. 121:827-828 ( (March 13) ) 1943.Crossref 66. Priestley, J. T.; Walters, W., and Counseller, V. S.: Report of Urologic Surgery for 1941 , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 17:603-605 ( (Dec. 16) ) 1942. 67. Thompson, G. J.; Emmett, J. L.; Cook, E. N., and Pool, T. L.: Transurethral Surgery in 1940 and 1941 , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 17:621-624 ( (Dec. 30) ) 1942. 68. Colby, F. H.: Cutaneous Ureterostomy in Active Renal Tuberculosis , J. Urol. 48:357-367 ( (Oct.) ) 1942. 69. Jewett, H. J.; Sloan, L. L., and Strong, G. H.: Does Vitamin A Deficiency Exist in Clinical Urolithiasis? A Clinical and Pathologic Study of Ninety-Eight Cases , J. A. M. A. 121:566-568 ( (Feb. 20) ) 1943.Crossref 70. Flocks, R., in discussion on Jewett, Sloan and Strong.69 71. Suby, H. I.; Suby, R. M., and Albright, F.: Properties of Organic Acid Solutions Which Determine Their Irritability to the Bladder Mucous Membrane and the Effect of Magnesium Ions in Overcoming this Irritability , J. Urol. 48:549-559 ( (Nov.) ) 1942. 72. Barney, J. D., in discussion on Suby, Suby and Albright.71 73. Keyser, L. D., in discussion on Suby, Suby and Albright.71 74. Mayo, C. W., and Schlicke, C. P.: Anuria After Operations on the Colon and Rectum , J. Urol. 48:207-218 ( (Aug.) ) 1942. 75. Braasch, W. F.: The Clinical Significance and Treatment of Pyuria , Ann. Int. Med. 17:943-951 ( (Dec.) ) 1942.Crossref 76. Kleinberg, S.: Osteitis Pubis, with a Report of a Case in a Woman , J. Urol. 48:635-641 ( (Dec.) ) 1942. 77. Getzoff, P. L.: Priapism and Sickle Cell Anemia: A Report of Three Cases , J. Urol. 48:407-411 ( (Oct.) ) 1942. 78. Tomskey, G. C.; Vickery, G. W., and Getzoff, P. L.: The Successful Treatment of Granuloma Inguinale, with Special Reference to the Use of Podophyllin , J. Urol. 48:401-406 ( (Oct.) ) 1942.