1976 American Journal of Diseases of Children
doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120130006001
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MACLAREN, NOEL K.;CORNBLATH, MARVIN
1976 American Journal of Diseases of Children
doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120130013002pmid: 826155
Abstract The juvenile diabetic has a serious loss of pancreatic β-cell mass1 and, consequently, a considerable reduction in circulating insulin. The possible role of insulin antagonists in the hyperglycemia of diabetes has been an issue difficult to lay to rest. In recent years, the hypothesis that glucose nonsuppression of normoglucagonemia or hyperglucagonemia is an essential and important component of diabetes is one that has gained considerable momentum.2 This view has been greatly strengthened by observations that somatostatin (somatotrophin release-inhibiting factor), when administered intravenously to normal and diabetic subjects, both induces a fall in glucagon levels and lowers blood glucose concentration. Specifically, somatostatin has been shown to delay the onset of ketoacidosis in diabetic patients subjected to insulin withdrawal.3,4 All of these evidences notwithstanding, the primary role of insulin in glucose regulation would appear to have been firmly reestablished by the demonstration that pharmacologically induced glucagonemia of some three to References 1. Gepts W: Pathologic anatomy of the pancreas in juvenile diabetes mellitus . Diabetes 14:619-633, 1965. 2. Unger RH: Diabetes and the alpha cell: The Banting memorial lecture, 1975 . Diabetes 25:136-149, 1976.Crossref 3. Gerich JE, Lorenzi M, Schneider V, et al: Effects of somatostatin on plasma glucose and glucagon levels in diabetes mellitus . N Engl J Med 291:544-547, 1974.Crossref 4. Gerich JE, Lorenzi M, Bier DM, et al: Prevention of human diabetic ketoacidosis by somatostatin: Role of glucagon . N Engl J Med 292:985-989, 1975.Crossref 5. Sherwin RS, Fisher M, Hendler R, et al: Hyperglucagonemia and blood glucose regulation in normal, obese and diabetic subjects . N Engl J Med 294:455-461, 976.Crossref 6. Madison LL, Unger RH: The physiological significance of the secretion of endogenous insulin into the portal circulation: I. Comparison of the effects of glucagon free insulin administered via the portal vein on the magnitude of hypoglycemia and via a peripheral vein on the magnitude of hypoglycemia and peripheral glucose utilization . J Clin Invest 37:635-639, 1958. 7. Baruh S: The physiologic significance of portal vs peripheral injection of insulin in man . Am J Med Sci 269:25-33, 1975.Crossref 8. Page MM, Alberti K, Greenwood R, et al: Treatment of diabetic coma with continuous low dose infusion of insulin . Br Med J 2:687-690, 1974.Crossref 9. Kidson W, Casey J, Kraegen E, et al: Treatment of severe diabetes mellitus by insulin infusion . Br Med J 2:691-694, 1974.Crossref 10. Soler NG, Wright AD, Fitzgerald MG: Comparative study of different insulin regimens in management of diabetic ketoacidosis . Lancet 2:1221-1224, 1975.Crossref 11. Madison LL: Low dose insulin: A plea for caution , editorial. N Engl J Med 294:393-394, 1976.Crossref 12. Gabbay KH: The sorbitol pathway and the complications of diabetes: Seminars in medicine . N Engl J Med 288:831-836, 1973.Crossref 13. Guthrie RA, Jackson RL: Control of diabetes in children . Pediatr Annu 4:49-58, 1975.Crossref 14. Bruck E, MacGillivray M: Posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia in diabetic children . J Pediatr 84:672-674, 1974.Crossref 15. Munkgaard O, Rasmussen S, Heding LG, et al: Serum IRI in insulin treated diabetics during 24 hour period . Diabetologia 11:151-158, 1975.Crossref
1976 American Journal of Diseases of Children
doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120130017003pmid: 998572
Abstract • Visual observations were made on restraint use in occupants of 5,050 automobiles containing at least one passenger less than 10 years of age, and short interviews were conducted with the drivers. Ninety-three percent of passengers less than 10 years old were not restrained. Eighty-nine percent of passengers 10 or older and 78% of the drivers were not restrained. Sixteen percent of child motor vehicle restraint devices observed were not used, and 73% of those in use were not used correctly. Use of such devices declined sharply after age 1. Although child passengers were more likely to be restrained if the driver was restrained, more than 75% of the children were not restrained when the driver was, even if the driver was the child's parent. (Am J Dis Child 130:1311-1317, 1976) References 1. Haddon W Jr: Reducing the damage of motor vehicle use . Technology Rev 77:53-59, 1975. 2. Robertson LS, O'Neill B, Wixom CW: Factors associated with observed safety belt use . J Health Soc Behav 13:18-24, 1972.Crossref 3. Robertson LS: Safety belt use in automobiles with starter-interlock and buzzer-light reminder systems . Am J Public Health 65:1319-1325, 1975.Crossref 4. Accident Facts . Chicago, National Safety Council, 1974. 5. Current Estimates From the Health Interview Survey: United States—1973 , series 10, (No. 95) . Vital and Health Statistic series, US Dept of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, 1974. 6. Kihlberg JK, Gensler MK: Head Injury in Automobile Accidents Related to Seated Position and Age , report VJ-1823-R26. Buffalo, NY, Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, 1967. 7. Siegel AW, Nahum AM, Appleby MR: Injuries to children in automobile collisions , in Proceedings, 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference . New York, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1968, pp 1-46. 8. Ashton SJ, Mackay GM, Gloyns PF: Trauma to children as car occupants , in Proceedings of the International Meeting on Biomechanics of Trauma in Children . Lyon, France, International Research Committee on the Biokinetics of Impacts, 1974, pp 83-100. 9. Burdi A, Huelke DF, Snyder RD, et al: Infants and children in the adult world of automobile safety design: Pediatric and anatomical considerations for design of child restraints . J Biomech 2:267-280, 1969.Crossref 10. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 213, Child seating systems . Federal Register 35:5120 ( (March 26) ) 1970 11. amended 35:14778 (Sept 23) 1970, 36:6895 (April 10) 1971, 36:12224 (June 29) 1971, 38:7562 (March 23) 1973. 12. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 209, Seat belt assemblies . Federal Register 34:115 ( (Dec 24) ) 1968. 13. Roberts VL, McElhaney JH: Dynamic performance of child seating systems , in Proceedings, 16th Stapp Car Crash Conference . New York, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1972, pp 309-320. 14. Crash tests of car safety restraints for children . Consumer Rep 37:484-489, 1972. 15. Stalnaker RL: Tests of Current and Experimental Child Restraint Systems , publication 740045. New York, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1974. 16. Car safety restraints for children . Consumer Rep 39:108-112, 1974. 17. Lowne RW: Injuries to children involved in road accidents , in Proceedings of the International Meeting on Biomechanics of Trauma in Children . Lyon, France, International Research Committee on the Biokinetics of Impacts, 1974, pp 19-29. 18. Snyder RG, O'Neill B: Are 1974-1975 automotive belt systems hazardous to children? Am J Dis Child 129:946-949, 1975. 19. McDermott JE: Child automobile restraints—1974 . Am Acad Orthop Surg Bull 22:27, 1974. 20. A Survey of Usage of Children's Car Seats and Related Devices , report No. 1829. Cambridge, Mass, Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc, 1969. 21. Pless IB, Roghmann K, Algranati P: The prevention of injuries to children in automobiles . Pediatrics 49:420-427, 1972. 22. Neumann CG, Neumann AK, Cockrell ME, et al: Factors associated with child use of automobile restraining devices . Am J Dis Child 128:469-474, 1974.Crossref 23. Waller PF, Barry PZ: Seat Belts: A Comparison of Observed and Reported Use . Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, 1969. 24. Melvin JW, Stalnaker RL: Basic Design Principles of Child Auto Restraints , publication 740936. New York, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1974. 25. What to Buy in Child Restraint Systems . US Dept of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1971. 26. Huelke DF, Sherman HW, O'Day J: The hazard of the unrestrained occupant , in Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the American Association for Automotive Medicine . Lake Bluff, Ill, American Association for Automotive Medicine, 1974, pp 1-14. 27. Pierce BF, Woodson WE, Selby PH: Sources and Remedies for Restraint System Discomfort and Inconveniences , publication HS-801 277. US Dept of Transportation, 1974. 28. Rogers RA, Silver JN: Elements of an effective child restraint system , in Proceedings, 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference . New York, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1968. 29. Infant carriers and child restraints . Consumer Rep 40:150-154, 1975. 30. Notice of proposed rulemaking on federal motor vehicle safety standard 213, child seating systems . Federal Register 39:7959, 1974. 31. Fernan J: Wisconsin launches child-safe program . Traffic Safety 75:22-24, 1975. 32. Incentive grant criteria for state safety belt use laws (23 CFR 1213) . Federal Register 39:13154 ( (April 11) ) 1974. 33. Haddon W Jr: Research with respect to fatal accident causes: Implications for vehicle design , paper 366A. New York, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1961. 34. Haddon W Jr, Goddard JL: An analysis of highway safety strategies , in Passenger Car Design and Highway Safety . New York, Association for the Aid of Crippled Children and Consumers Union of United States Inc, 1962. 35. Haddon W Jr: Strategies in preventive medicine: Passive vs active approaches to reducing human wastage . J Trauma 14:4, 1974.Crossref 36. Kelley AB: Passive vs Active = Life vs Death , publication 750391. New York, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1975. 37. Patrick LM, Nyquist GW: Air Bag Effects on the Out-of-Position Child , publication 720442. New York, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1972. 38. Aldman B, Anderson A: Possible effects of airbag inflation on a standing child , in Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the American Association for Automotive Medicine . Lake Bluff, Ill, American Association for Automotive Medicine, 1974, pp 15-29. 39. Williams AF: Air bags and out-of-position children: A survey . Accident Analysis and Prevention 8:143-144, 1976.Crossref 40. Abe F, Satoh S: Study on Air Bag Systems for Nissan Small-Sized Cars , publication 740577. New York, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1974. 41. Notice of proposed rulemaking on Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 201, Occupant protection in interior impact . Federal Register 31:15218 ( (Nov 30) ) 1966 42. 32:2417 (Jan 31) 1967. 43. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 201, Occupant protection in interior impact . Federal Register 32:2413 ( (Jan 31) ) 1967 44. amended 32:11776 (Aug 11) 1967, 33:15794 (Oct 21) 1968.
Barkin, Roger M.;Greer, Charles C.;Schumacher, Cajsa J.;McIntosh, Kenneth
1976 American Journal of Diseases of Children
doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120130024004pmid: 1087110
Abstract • Ampicillin sodium has been the drug of choice in the treatment of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. The development of ampicillin-resistant strains forces the clinician to focus on alternative therapies. We describe two patients in whom neutropenia was noted secondary to chloramphenicol administration, and streptomycin sulfate and sulfonamides were employed. An historical perspective summarizing the evolution of available therapeutic regimens is presented. (Am J Dis Child 130:1318-1321, 1976) References 1. Thomas WJ, McReynolds JW, Mock CR, et al: Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae meningitis . Lancet 1:313, 1974.Crossref 2. Thornsberry C, Kirven LA: Antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 6:620-624, 1974.Crossref 3. Ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae meningitis—Maryland , Georgia. Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep 23:77-78, 1974. 4. Ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae—Texas . Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep 23:99, 1974. 5. Williams JD, Cavanagh P: Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae meningitis . Lancet 1:864, 1974.Crossref 6. Price E, Boswell PA: Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae . Lancet 1:936-937, 1974.Crossref 7. Stewart SM: Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae . Lancet 1:1163-1164, 1974.Crossref 8. Khan W, Ross S, Rodriquez W: Haemophilus influenzae type B resistant to ampicillin: A report of two cases . JAMA 229:298-301, 1974.Crossref 9. Tomeh MO, Starr SE, McGowan JE, et al: Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type B infection . JAMA 229:295-297, 1974.Crossref 10. Ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae—Massachusetts , Florida, Nebraska. Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep 23:259-260, 1974. 11. Schiffer MS, MacLowry J, Schneerson R, et al: Clinical, bacteriological, and immunological characterisation of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type B . Lancet 2:257-259, 1974.Crossref 12. Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae . Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep 24:205-206, 1975. 13. McGowan JE Jr, Klein JO, Bratton L, et al: Meningitis and bacteremia due to Haemophilus influenzae: Occurrence and mortality at Boston City Hospital in 12 selected years, 1935-1972 . J Infect Dis 130:119-124, 1974.Crossref 14. Alexander HE, Ellis C, Leidy G: Treatment of type specific Hemophilus influenzae infections in infancy and childhood . J Pediatr 20:673-698, 1942.Crossref 15. Koch R, Carson MJ: Management of Hemophilus influenzae type B meningitis: Analysis of 128 cases . J Pediatr 46:18-29, 1955.Crossref 16. Crook WG, Clanton BR, Hodes HL: Hemophilus influenzae meningitis: Observations on the treatment of 110 cases . Pediatrics 4:643-659, 1949. 17. Ross S, Rice EC, Burke FG, et al: Treatment of meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae: Use of chloromycetin and sulfadiazine . N Engl J Med 247:541-547, 1952.Crossref 18. Hoyne AL, Brown RH: Intrathecal therapy not required for H influenzae meningitis . JAMA 136:597-601, 1948.Crossref 19. Goodman LS, Gilman AZ: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , ed 5. New York, Macmillan Co Publishers, 1975. 20. Weinstein L. Goldfield M, Adamis D: A study of intrathecal chemotherapy in bacterial meningitis . Med Clin North Am 37:1363-1378, 1953. 21. Aleman R: Influenzal meningitis: A review of recent literature with case reports . N Orleans Med Surg J 93:25-33, 1940. 22. Appelbaum E, Nelson J: Streptomycin in the treatment of influenzal meningitis . JAMA 143:715-717, 1950.Crossref 23. Mathies AW Jr, Leedom JM, Ivler D, et al: Antibiotic antagonism in bacterial meningitis . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 7:218-224, 1967. 24. Wehrle PF, Mathies AW, Leedom JM, et al: Bacterial meningitis . Ann NY Acad Sci 145:488-498, 1967.Crossref 25. Barrett FF, Taber LH, Morris CR, et al: A 12-year review of the antibiotic management of Hemophilus influenzae meningitis . J Pediatr 81:370-377, 1972.Crossref 26. Schackelford PG, Bobinski JE, Feigen RD, et al: Therapy of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis reconsidered . N Engl J Med 287:634-638, 1972.Crossref 27. Schulkind ML, Altemeier WA, Ayoub EM: A comparison of ampicillin and chloramphenicol therapy in Hemophilus influenzae meningitis . Pediatrics 48:411-416, 1971. 28. Nelson KE, Levin S, Spies HW: Treatment of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis: A comparison of chloramphenicol and tetracycline . J Infect Dis 125:459-465, 1972.Crossref 29. Yunis AA: Drug induced bone marrow injury . Adv Intern Med 15:357-376, 1969. 30. Scott JL, Finegold SM, Belkin GA, et al: A controlled double blind study of the hematologic toxicity of chloramphenicol . N Engl J Med 272:1137-1142, 1965.Crossref 31. Wallerstein RO, Condit PK, Kasper CK, et al: Statewide study of chloramphenicol therapy and fatal aplastic anemia . JAMA 208:2045-2050, 1969.Crossref 32. Wilson HD, Haltalin KC: Ampicillin in Haemophilus influenzae meningitis: Clinicopharmacologic evaluation of intramuscular vs intravenous administration . Am J Dis Child 129:208-215, 1975.Crossref 33. Grossman ER, Walchek A, Freedman H: Tetracyclines and permanent teeth: The relation between dose and tooth color . Pediatrics 47:567-570, 1971. 34. Manten A, Van Klingeren B, Dessens-Kroon M: Chloramphenicol resistance in Haemophilus influezae . Lancet 1:702, 1976.Crossref 35. Emerson BB, Smith AL, Harding AL, et al: Haemophilus influenzae type B susceptibility to 17 antibiotics . J Pediatr 86:617-620, 1975.Crossref 36. Williams JD, Andrews J: Sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae to antibiotics . Br Med J 1:134-137, 1974.Crossref 37. Katz SL: Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type B: A status report . Pediatrics 55:6-8, 1975. 38. Ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae type B, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases . Pediatrics 55:145-146, 1975. 39. Initial treatment of meningitis in children . Med Lett Drugs Ther 17:15-16, 1975.
1976 American Journal of Diseases of Children
doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120130028005pmid: 998573
Abstract • Umbilical artery catheters have an established place in neonatal intensive care. A double stopcock technique is described for sampling blood from umbilical catheters. This method improves accuracy in blood withdrawal, avoids contamination of samples, and reduces blood loss to a minimum. (Am J Dis Child 130:1322-1323, 1976) References 1. Kitterman JA, Phibbs RH, Tooley WH: Catheterization of umbilical vessels in newborn infants . Pediatr Clin North Am 17:895-912, 1970. 2. Tooley WH: What is the risk of an umbilical artery catheter? Pediatrics 50:1-2, 1972. 3. Shannon D: Commentary , in Gellis SS (ed): The Year Book of Pediatrics . Chicago, Year Book Medical Publishers Inc, 1974, p 11. 4. Symansky MR, Fox HA: Umbilical vessel catheterization: Indications, management, and evaluation of the technique . J Pediatr 80:820-826, 1972.Crossref 5. Brown DR, Fenton LF, Tsang RC: Blood sampling through umbilical catheters . Pediatrics 55:257-260, 1975. 6. Merenstein GB: Heparinized catheters and coagulation studies . J Pediatr 79:117-119, 1971.Crossref 7. Huch R, Lubbers DW, Huch A: Reliability of transcutaneous monitoring of arterial pO2 in the seventies . Pediatrics 55:153-156, 1975. 8. Indyk L: pO2 in the seventies . Pediatrics 55:153-156, 1975.
Malone, John I.;Rosenbloom, Arlan L.;Grgic, Ante;Weber, F. Thomas
1976 American Journal of Diseases of Children
doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120130030006pmid: 998574
Abstract • The concentration of reducing sugar in the urine is commonly used in the management of diabetes in children. Supplemental doses of regular insulin are administered in response to the concentration of urine sugar according to a protocol termed the "sliding scale." This practice assumes that the concentration of sugar in urine is a good indicator of the plasma glucose concentration. This assumption was tested by comparing urine sugar concentrations in first and second voided urines with the plasma glucose concentrations in 220 children with diabetes. The correlation was good (r =.92) for both the first and second voided urine specimens. Thus, urine sugar concentrations in general define the level of plasma glucose. The large standard deviation of the plasma glucose at each concentration of urine sugar, however, limits the usefulness of urine sugar as an accurate reflection of the coincident plasma glucose concentration. The urine sugar concentration, although useful for the general management of diabetes, provides significant risk when used to guide frequent adjustments in insulin administration. Therefore, the "sliding scale" should not be used in the treatment of children with diabetes. (Am J Dis Child 130:1324-1327, 1976) References 1. Bondy PK, Felig P: Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism , in Bondy PK, Rosenberg LE (eds): Duncan's Diseases of Metabolism . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1974, pp 274-275. 2. Litman NN: Juvenile diabetes mellitus , in Kelly VC (ed): Metabolic, Endocrine and Genetic Disorders of Children . Hagerstown, Harper & Row, 1974, pp 625-646. 3. Klein R: Diabetes mellitus , in Gellis SS, Kagen BM (eds): Current Pediatric Therapy , ed 4. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1970, p 489. 4. Bradley RF: Diabetic ketoacidosis and coma , in Marble A, White P, Bradley RF, et al (eds): Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus , ed 7. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1973, p 390. 5. Farquhar JW, in Forfar JO, Arneil GC (eds): Textbook of Pediatrics . London, Churchill Livingston, 1973, p 1137. 6. Traisman HS: Management of Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1971, p 57. 7. Etteldorf JN, in Hughes JG (ed): Synopsis of Pediatrics . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1971, p 616. 8. Weil WB, Kohrman AF, in Barnett HL, Einhorn AH (eds): Pediatrics . New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1972, p 349. 9. Rosenbloom AL, Grossman MS, Malone JI: Florida's Camp for Children and Youth With Diabetes . JFMA 61:228-232, 1974. 10. Belmonte MM, Sarkozy E, Harpur ER: Urine sugar determination by the two drop Clinitest method . Diabetes 16:557-559, 1967. 11. Rosenbloom AL, Londono JH, Nickerson D, et al: Stability and control of diabetes mellitus in children . South Med J 64:727-729, 1971.Crossref 12. Molnar GD, Taylor WF, Ho MM: Day to day variation of continuously monitored glycemia: A further measure of diabetic instability . Diabetologia 8:342-348, 1972.Crossref 13. Service FJ, Molnar GD, Rosevear JW, et al: Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions: A measure of diabetic instability . Diabetes 19:644-655, 1970.
Kaplan, Paige;Hollenberg, Robert D.;Fraser, F. Clarke
1976 American Journal of Diseases of Children
doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120130035007pmid: 998575
Abstract • A16-month-old girl with cutaneomeningospinal angiomatosis became paraplegic because of the intraspinal arteriovenous malformation. Since skin hemangiomas occurred in three successive generations of the girl's family, this may represent the first inherited case of this condition. In children with signs of a spinal space-occupying lesion, the presence of a skin hemangioma, especially if it is in a corresponding dermatome, could be the clue to early diagnosis of a spinal angioma. (Am J Dis Child 130:1329-1331, 1976) References 1. Butterworth T, Strean LP: Clinical Genodermatology . Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1962. 2. Aita JA: Neurocutaneous Diseases . Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1966. 3. Szojchet A: Metameric spinal cord and skin hemangiomas . J Neurosurg 29:199-201, 1968.Crossref 4. Doppman JL, Wirth FP, DiChiro G, et al: Value of cutaneous angiomas in the arteriographic localization of spinal cord arteriovenous malformations . N Engl J Med 281:1440-1444, 1969.Crossref 5. Kissel P, Dureux JB: Cobb syndrome: Cutaneomeningospinal angiomatosis , in Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds): Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Amsterdam , North Holland Publishing Co, 1972, pp 14, 429-445. 6. Boynton RC, Morgan BC: Cerebral arteriovenous fistula with possible hereditary telangiectasia . Am J Dis Child 125:99-101, 1973. 7. Merry GS, Appleton DB: Spinal arterial malformation in a child with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia . J Neurosurg 44:613-616, 1976.Crossref
1976 American Journal of Diseases of Children
doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120130037008
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.
Byrn, James R.;Fitzgerald, Joseph F.;Northway, James D.;Anand, Sudhir K.;Scott, John R.
1976 American Journal of Diseases of Children
doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120130041009pmid: 998576
Abstract • Henoch-Schönlein syndrome represents a diagnostic challenge when the abdominal and/or joint manifestations precede the cutaneous lesions. Laparotomy is often performed unnecessarily. We describe a patient whose abdominal symptoms antedated the appearance of cutaneous lesions by three months. Gastrointestinal blood loss, thrombocytosis, hypoproteinemia, and the roentgenographic appearance of the small intestine suggested the correct diagnosis. His course was further complicated by hypertension associated with elevated plasma renin levels without evidence of nephritis. Joint manifestations were mild and transient as were testicular pain and swelling. (Am J Dis Child 130:1335-1337, 1976) References 1. Wedgwood RJ, Schaller J: Diseases of connective tissue , in Nelson WE (ed): Textbook of Pediatrics , ed 9. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1969, pp 522-524. 2. Sahn DJ, Schwartz AD: Schönlein-Henoch syndrome: Observations of some atypical clinical presentations . Pediatrics 49:114-116, 1972. 3. Silber DL: Henoch-Schönlein syndrome . Pediatr Clin North Am 19:1061-1070, 1972. 4. Rodriguez-Erdmann F, Levitan R: Gastrointestinal and roentgenological manifestations of Henoch-Schönlein purpura . Gastroenterology 54:260-264, 1968. 5. Allen DM, Diamond LK, Howell DA: Anaphylactoid purpura in children (Schönlein-Henoch syndrome) . Am J Dis Child 99:833-854, 1960.Crossref 6. Borges WH: Anaphylactoid purpura . Med Clin North Am 56:201-206, 1972. 7. DuBois DR: Severe hypertension in Schönlein-Henoch purpura without hematuria . J Pediatr 75:731-732, 1969.Crossref 8. Feldt RH, Stickler GB: The gastrointestinal manifestations of anaphylactoid purpura in children . Proc Mayo Clin 37:465-483, 1961. 9. Grossman H, Berdon WE, Baker DH: Abdominal pain in Schönlein-Henoch syndrome . Am J Dis Child 108:67-72, 1964.Crossref 10. Acromano JP, Eskes PW: Schönlein-Henoch syndrome . Am J Dis Child 114:674-675, 1967.Crossref 11. Laragh JH: High blood pressure: Definitions, mechanisms, consequences, and principles of treatment , in Becker EL (ed): Cornell Seminars in Nephrology . New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1973, vol 2, p 152. 12. Haahr J, Sparrevohn S: Epididymitis in children . Acta Paediatr Scand 60:216-221, 1971.Crossref 13. Morowitz DA, Allen LW, Kirsner JB: Thrombocytosis in chronic inflammatory bowel disease . Ann Intern Med 68:1013-1021, 1968.Crossref 14. Bean RHD: Thrombocytosis in autoimmuno disease . Bibl Haematol 23:43-49, 1965. 15. Jones NF, Creamer B, Ginulette TMD: Hypoproteinaemia in anaphylactoid purpura . Br Med J 2:1166-1168, 1966.Crossref 16. Cream JJ, Gumpel JM, Peachey RDG: Schönlein-Henoch purpura in the adult: A study of 77 adults with anaphylactoid or Schönlein-Henoch purpura . Q J Med 39:461-484, 1970. 17. Taylor WF, Amin LA, Mruthyunjaya GT: Hypoalbuminemia in Henoch-Scönlein purpura following streptococcal infection: Description of a case in a child . Clin Pediatr 10:737-739, 1971.Crossref 18. Fitzsimmons JS: Uncommon complication of anaphylactoid purpura . Br Med J 4:431-432, 1968.Crossref
Kato, Tomoaki;Tanaka, Eichi;Horisawa, Setsuko
1976 American Journal of Diseases of Children
doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120130046010pmid: 998577
Abstract • A 3-year-old boy with hyperdibasic-aminoaciduria and hyperammonemia showed characteristics of familial protein intolerance (FPI). Oral loading tests of lysine and arginine disclosed a remarkably reduced capability for intestinal absorption of these amino acids. Because urinary excretion and renal clearance of dibasic amino acids were only moderately elevated in the patient, the conspicuously decreased serum concentration of lysine, arginine, and ornithine was attributed to the defect in intestinal absorption. A possible explanation for elevated blood ammonia levels in FPI is that it is due to a deficiency of arginine and ornithine in the urea cycle that in turn results from a severe impairment in absorption of the amino acids by the gut mucosa. (Am J Dis Child 130:1340-1344, 1976) References 1. Kemomäki M, Visakorpi JK, Perheentupa J, et al: Familial protein intolerance with deficient transport of basic amino acids: An analysis of ten patients . Acta Paediatr Scand 56:617-630, 1967.Crossref 2. Norio R, Perheentupa J, Kekomäki M, et al: Lysinuric protein intolerance, an autosomal recessive disease: A genetic study of ten Finnish families . Clin Genet 2:214-222, 1971.Crossref 3. Perheentupa J, Visakorpi JK: Protein intolerance with deficient transport of basic amino-acids: Another inborn error of metabolism . Lancet 2:813-816, 1965.Crossref 4. Kekomäki M, Räihä NCR, Perheentupa J: Enzymes of urea synthesis in familial protein intolerance with deficient transport of basic amino acids . Acta Paediatr Scand 56:631-636, 1967.Crossref 5. Simell O, Perheentupa J, Visakorpi JK: Leukocyte and liver glutaminase in lysinuric protein intolerance . Pediatr Res 6:797-801, 1972.Crossref 6. Crawhall JC, Watts RWE: Cystinuria . Am J Med 45:736-755, 1968.Crossref 7. Scriver CR, Davies E: Endogenous renal clearance rates of free amino acids in prepubertal children . Pediatrics 36:592-598, 1965. 8. Spackman DH, Stein WH, Moore S: Automatic recording apparatus for use in the chromatography of amino acids . Anal Chem 30:1190-1206, 1958.Crossref 9. Bonsnes RW, Taussky HH: On the colorimetric determination of creatinine by the Jaffe reaction . J Biol Chem 158:581-591, 1945. 10. Wilcox AA, Carroll WE, Sterling RE, et al: Use of the Berthelot reaction in the automated analysis of serum urea nitrogen . Clin Chem 12:151-157, 1966. 11. Forman DT: Rapid determination of plasma ammonia by an ion-exchange technic . Clin Chem 10:497-508, 1964. 12. Awrich AE, Stackhouse WJ, Cantrell JE, et al: Hyperdibasicaminoaciduria, hyperammonemia, and growth retardation: Treatment with arginine, lysine, and citrulline . J Pediatr 87:731-738, 1975.Crossref 13. Harris H, Mittwoch U, Robson EB, et al: Phenotypes and genotypes in cystinuria . Ann Hum Genet 20:57-91, 1955.Crossref 14. Malmquist J, Jagenburg R, Lindstedt G: Familial protein intolerance: Possible nature of enzyme defect . N Engl J Med 284:997-1002, 1971.Crossref 15. Kihara H, Valente M, Porter MT, et al: Hyperdibasicaminoaciduria in a mentally retarded homozygote with a peculiar response to phenothiazines . Pediatrics 51:223-229, 1973. 16. Simell O, Perheentupa J: Defective metabolic clearance of plasma arginine and ornithine in lysinuric protein intolerance . Metabolism 23:691-701, 1974.Crossref 17. Simell O: Diamino acid transport into granulocytes and liver slices of patients with lysinuric protein intolerance . Pediatr Res 9:504-508, 1975.Crossref 18. Brown JH, Fabre LF, Farrell GL, et al: Hyperlysinuria with hyperammonemia: A new metabolic disorder . Am J Dis Child 124:127-132, 1972.Crossref 19. Oyanagi K, Miura R, Yamanouchi T: Congenital lysinuria: A new inherited transport disorder of dibasic amino acids . J Pediatr 77:259-266, 1970.Crossref
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