A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children

1960 A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1960.02070030261001

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract At its meeting at Atlantic City, June 5-11, 1959, the Board of Trustees of the American Medical Association took several actions with respect to its specialty journals. Two concern the readers of the A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children. 1. "In addition to The Journal of the American Medical Association each dues-paying member may receive a specialty journal of his choice as a benefit of membership." 2. "The prime objective of each specialty journal will be the publication of scientific information in the general field of interest in the specialty toward which it is directed." The first action has had an immediate and profound effect. Whereas in recent years our circulation was comparable to that of the two other major pediatric journals, this issue will reach at least 26,000 subscribers—almost three times as many as one year ago. Men of science, not unlike other humans, usually want their written work

1960 A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1960.02070030262002

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract With this issue the A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children inaugurates an important new section. Dr. Howard M. Cann, Director, National Clearinghouse for Poison Control Centers, Accident Prevention Program, Division of Special Health Services, U.S. Public Health Service, has agreed to submit from time to time notes concerning trends in accidental poisonings in children. From his vantage point, Dr. Cann and his staff survey the changing picture of childhood poisonings. They know the new products children are ingesting these days; they know the potential dangers of these products, and their antidotes. We are fortunate in establishing a chain of communication with this source of poison information. Some of the intelligence concerning new products will be the same as that supplied to the Poison Control Centers. Other information will summarize new phases of old problems. These contributions will appear under a new section entitled "Communications from the National Clearinghouse for Poison

OLIVER, WILLIAM J.;COLLINS, WILLIAM R.

1960 A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1960.02070030263003pmid: 14428720

Abstract In the course of conducting an investigation of a family group showing proteinuria and hypercholesteremia but without evidence of nephrosis or other disease,* data were obtained showing the presence of two concurrent but nevertheless independent hereditary traits: (a) proteinuria, with an associated abnormality of the serum protein fractions, and (b) hypercholesteremia, also associated with a distinct abnormality of the serum protein fractions. A review of the literature failed to reveal any previous reports of either the association of abnormal concentrations of serum protein fractions with familial proteinuria or the simultaneous occurrence in the same subjects of familial proteinuria and familial hypercholesteremia. The results of a study of two generations of a family group demonstrating these findings are reported. Material and Methods The patients comprising this study consisted of 16 persons of two generations of one family line. Mode of Recognition and Chronological Sequence of Investigation Seven of the subjects, all References 1. Archibald, R. M.: Colorimetric Determination of Urea , J. Biol. Chem. 157:507-518, 1945. 2. Sperry, W. M., and Brand, F. C.: The Colorimetric Determination of Cholesterol , J. Biol. Chem. 150:315-324, 1943. 3. Sobel, A. E., and Mayer, A. M.: Improvements in the Schoenheimer-Sperry Method for the Determination of Free Cholesterol , J. Biol. Chem. 157:255-264, 1945. 4. Sperry, W. M., and Webb, M.: A Revision of the Schoenheimer-Sperry Method for Cholesterol Determination , J. Biol. Chem. 187:97-110, 1950. 5. Bonsnes, R. W., and Taussky, H. H.: On the Colorimetric Determination of Creatinine by the Jaffe Reaction , J. Biol. Chem. 158:581-591, 1945. 6. Greenberg, D. M.: The Colorimetric Determination of the Serum Proteins , J. Biol. Chem. 82:545-550, 1929. 7. Kunkel, H. G., and Tiselius, A.: Electrophoresis of Proteins on Filter Paper , J. Gen. Physiol. 35:89-118, 1951.Crossref 8. Weichselbaum, T. E.: An Accurate and Rapid Method for Determination of Proteins in Small Amounts of Blood Serum and Plasma , Am. J. Clin. Path., Tech. Sect. 10:40-49, 1946. 9. Berry, H. V., and Cain, L.: Quantitative Study of Urinary and Salivary Amino Acids Using Paper Chromatography: Individual Metabolic Patterns and Human Disease; an Exploratory Study Utilizing Predominantly Paper Chromatographic Methods , University of Texas Publication No. 5109, in Biochemical Institute Studies IV, Austin, Texas, University of Texas Press, 1951, pp. 71-76. 10. Berry, H. K.; Sutton, H. E.; Cain, L., and Berry, J. S.: Development of Paper Chromatography for Use in the Study of Metabolic Patterns: Individual Metabolic Patterns and Human Disease; an Exploratory Study Utilizing Predominantly Paper Chromatographic Methods , University of Texas Publication No. 5109, in Biochemical Institute Studies IV, Austin, Texas, University of Texas Press, 1951, pp. 22-55. 11. Smithies, O.: Zone Electrophoresis in Starch Gels: Group Variations in the Serum Proteins of Normal Human Adults , Biochem. J. 61: 629-641, 1955. 12. Jager, B. V., and Nickerson, M.: A Simple Quantitative Chemical Method for Estimating γ-Globulin in Human Serum , J. Biol. Chem. 173: 683-690, 1948. 13. Campbell, M. F.: Clinical Pediatric Urology , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1951. 14. Addis, T.: Glomerulonephritis: Diagnosis and Treatment , New York, The MacMillan Company, 1948. 15. King, S. E., and Gronbeck, C., Jr.: Benign and Pathologic Albuminuria: A Study of 600 Hospitalized Cases , Ann. Int. Med. 36:765-785, 1952.Crossref 16. Thomson, W. W. D., and Macauley, H. F.: Influenza as an Aetiological Factor in Nephritis , Lancet 1:481-484, 1920.Crossref 17. Ernstene, A. C., and Robb, G. P.: A Familial Epidemic of Acute Diffuse Glomerulonephritis: Relation to the Pathogenesis of the Disease , J.A.M.A. 97:1382-1383, 1931.Crossref 18. Kidd, J.: The Inheritance of Bright's Disease of the Kidney , Practitioner 29:104-114, 1882. 19. Hurst, A. F.: Hereditary Familial Congenital Haemorrhagic Nephritis Occurring in 16 Individuals in 3 Generations , Guy's Hosp. Rep. 73: 368-370, 1923. 20. Guthrie, L. G.: "Idiopathic," or Congenital, Hereditary and Family Haematuria , Lancet 1:1243-1246, 1902.Crossref 21. Reyersbach, G. C., and Butler, A. M.: Congenital Hereditary Hematuria , New England J. Med. 251:377-380, 1954.Crossref 22. Barnett, H. L., and Shibuya, M.: Nephrosis in Children , Postgrad. Med. 15:362-369, 1954. 23. Fanconi, G.; Frischknecht, W.; Friderich, H., and Prader, A.: Some Aspects of the Nephrotic Syndrome, presented at the VIIth International Congress of Pediatrics , Havana, Cuba, (Oct. 12) -17, 1953. 24. Vernier, R. L.; Brunson, J., and Good, R. A.: Studies of Familial Nephrosis: I. Clinical and Pathologic Study of 4 Cases in a Single Family , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 93:469-485, 1957.Crossref 25. Wilson, V. K.; Thomson, J. L., and Holzel, A.: Mercury Nephrosis in Young Children with Special Reference to Teething Powders Containing Mercury , Brit. M.J. 1:358-360, 1952.Crossref 26. Warkany, J., and Hubbard, D. M.: Acrodynia and Mercury , J. Pediat. 42:365-386, 1953.Crossref 27. King, S. E.: Patterns of Protein Excretion by the Kidneys , Ann. Int. Med. 42:296-323, 1955.Crossref 28. Gregory, H. H. C.: Albuminuria in a Family of Children , Brit. J. Child. Dis. 20:29-30, 1923. 29. Dickinson, W. H.: Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary Derangements: Pt. II. Albuminuria , London, Longmans, Green & Co., 1877, p. 379. 30. Benson, A. H.: Nephritis of Obscure Origin in Several Children of One Family , Lancet 1:588, 1893.Crossref 31. Fergusson, J. N.: A Case of Family Albuminuria , Brit. M.J. 1:689-690, 1910.Crossref 32. Sellers, A. L., and Marmorston, J.: Electrophoretic Study of Human Urinary Protein in Disease , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 47:248-254, 1956. 33. Schoenheimer, R., and Sperry, W. M.: A Micromethod for the Determination of Free and Combined Cholesterol , J. Biol. Chem. 106:745-760, 1934. 34. McMahon, A.; Allen, H. N.; Weber, C. J., and Missey, W. C., Jr.: Hypercholesterolemia , Ann. West. Med. & Surg. 6:629-637, 1952. 35. Bloor, W. R.: Studies on Blood Fat: II. Fat Absorption and the Blood Lipoids , J. Biol. Chem. 23:317-326, 1915. 36. Hodges, R. G.; Sperry, W. M., and Andersen, D. H.: Serum Cholesterol Values for Infants and Children , Am. J. Dis. Child. 65:858-867, 1943. 37. Keys, A.; Mickelsen, O.; Miller, E. V. O.; Hayes, E. R., and Todd, R. L.: The Concentration of Cholesterol in the Blood Serum of Normal Man and Its Relation to Age , J. Clin. Invest. 29: 1347-1353, 1950. 38. Peters, J. P., and Van Slyke, D. D.: Quantitative Clinical Chemistry Interpretations , Vol. I, Ed. 2, The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1946. 39. Havel, R. J.: Early Effects of Fat Ingestion on Lipids and Lipoproteins of Serum in Man , J. Clin. Invest. 36:848-854, 1957. 40. Heymann, W., and Rack, F.: Independence of Serum Cholesterol from Exogenous Cholesterol in Infants and in Children , Am. J. Dis. Child. 65: 235-246, 1943. 41. Wilkinson, C. F., Jr.; Hand, E. A., and Fliegelman, M. T.: Essential Familial Hypercholesterolemia , Ann. Int. Med. 29:671-686, 1948. 42. Thannhauser, S. J.: Lipidoses: Diseases of the Cellular Lipid Metabolism , Ed. 2, edited by H. A. Christian, Oxford, England, Oxford University Press, 1950. 43. Adlersberg, D.: Hypercholesteremia with Predisposition to Atherosclerosis: An Inborn Error of Lipid Metabolism , Am. J. Med. 11:600-614, 1951. 44. Adlersberg, D.; Parets, A. D., and Boas, E. P.: Genetics of Atherosclerosis: Studies of Families with Xanthoma and Unselected Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Under the Age of 50 Years , J.A.M.A. 141:246-254, 1949. 45. Boas, E. P.; Parets, A. D., and Adlersberg, D.: Hereditary Disturbance of Cholesterol Metabolism: A Factor in the Genesis of Atherosclerosis , Am. Heart J. 35:611-622, 1948. 46. Thannhauser, S. J., and Magendantz, H.: The Different Clinical Groups of Xanthomatous Diseases: A Clinical Physiological Study of 22 Cases , Ann. Int. Med. 9:1662-1746, 1938. 47. Müller, C.: Angina Pectoris in Hereditary Xanthomatosis , Arch. Int. Med. 64:675-700, 1939. 48. Kornerup, V.: Familiaer Hypercholesterolaemi og Xanthomatose, Dissertation, Kolding, Denmark, 1948. 49. Piper, J., and Orrild, L.: Essential Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Xanthomatosis , Am. J. Med. 21:34-46, 1956. 50. Flynn, F. V.: The Serum Proteins , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 47:827-831, 1954. 51. Lever, W. F.; Smith, P. A. J., and Hurley, N. A.: Idiopathic Hyperlipemic and Primary Hypercholesteremic Xanthomatosis: II. Analysis of the Plasma Proteins and Lipids by Means of Electrophoresis and Fractionation of the Plasma Proteins; Effect of High Speed Centrifugation and of Extraction with Ether on the Plasma Proteins and Lipids , J. Invest. Dermat. 22:53-69, 1954.Crossref 52. Gitlin, D.; Janeway, C. A., and Farr, L. E.: Studies on the Metabolism of Plasma Proteins in the Nephrotic Syndrome: I. Albumin, γ-Globulin and Iron-Binding Globulin , J. Clin. Invest. 35:44-56, 1956.Crossref

BRUNS, W. T.

1960 A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1960.02070030278004pmid: 13805387

Abstract Renal vein thrombosis with hemorrhagic infarction of the kidneys is not a rare occurrence in children, as it was stated recently by Kaufmann,24 who reviewed this subject from the world literature. Far less frequent is a combined thrombosis of renal veins and inferior vena cava in the pediatric age group. To our knowledge, only one well-documented case of an ascending type of this combined thrombosis has been reported previously, in which instance, however, the diagnosis had not been made prior to the postmortem examination. The following case is presented because it was diagnosed during the patient's life and because the main factor leading to its occurrence had been known, while usually an explanation for the etiology remains warranted. Report of Case A 12-month-old white boy was admitted to the Salt Lake General Hospital by reason of sudden onset of left-sided seizures. Two and one-half days prior to his admission References 1. Sandblom, P.: Renal Thrombosis with Infarction in the Newborn: Two Different Forms , Acta paediat . 35:160-167, 1948.Crossref 2. Fahr, T.: Über totale Nekrose beider Nieren nach Thrombose der Nierenvenen, thesis, Giessen, 1903. 3. Wirtz, A.: Thrombose der vena cava inferior, der venae renales und suprarenalis sinistra mit tödlichem Ausgang bei einem 15-tägigen Säugling , Jahrb. Kinderh. 72:467-471, 1910. 4. Heller, S.: Thrombose der beiderseitigen vena renalis bei einem Neugeborenen , Zentralbl. Gynäk. 47:1897-1899, 1923. 5. Eilers, W.: Zur Kenntnis der primären unteren Hohlvenenthrombose im Säuglingsalter , Arch. path. Anat. 277:248-255, 1930.Crossref 6. Helper, A. B.: Thrombosis in the Renal Veins , J. Urol. 31:527-546, 1934. 7. Behr, E.: Les Altérations morphologiques du rein dans la thrombose de la veine rénale (recherches anatomo-pathologiques et expérimentales) , Arch. internat. méd. expér. 13:273-334, 1938. 8. Perry, C. B., and Taylor, A. L.: Hypertension Following Thrombosis of the Renal Veins , J. Path. & Bact. 51:369-374, 1940. 9. Feriozi, D.; Rice, E. C.; Burdick, W. F., and Troendle, F. J.: Thrombosis of the Inferior Vena Cava and Renal Veins with Hemorrhagic Infarction in Infancy , J. Pediat. 38:235-241, 1951. 10. Kobernick, S. D.; Moore, J. R., and Wiglesworth, F. W.: Thrombosis of the Renal Veins with Massive Hemorrhagic Infarction of the Kidneys in Childhood , Am. J. Path. 27:435-450, 1951. 11. Stevens, R. C., and Tomsykoski, A. J.: Thrombosis of the Inferior Vena Cava and Renal Veins with Hemorrhagic Renal Infarction , J. Urol. 72:120-126, 1954. 12. Clinico-Pathological Conference , Clin. Proc. Child. Hosp. 10:83-86, 1954. 13. Derow, H. A.; Schlesinger, M. J., and Savitz, H. A.: Chronic Progressive Occlusion of the Inferior Vena Cava and the Renal and Portal Veins: With the Clinical Picture of the Nephrotic Syndrome; Report of a Case, with a Review of the Literature , Arch. Int. Med. 63:626-647, 1939. 14. Feinerman, B.; Burke, E. C., and Bahn, R. C.: The Nephrotic Syndrome Associated with Renal Vein Thrombosis , J. Pediat. 51:385-391, 1957. 15. Schulz, R.: Nierenvenenthrombosen beim Säugling , Monatsschr. Kinderh. 105:305-310, 1957. 16. Schröder, K.: Über die Thrombose der Nierenvenen , Arch path. Anat. 262:634-645, 1926. 17. Färber, E., and Bussel, R.: Nierenvenenthrombose im Kindesalter , Monatsschr. Kinderh. 48:304-310, 1930. 18. Nordwall, U.: Un Cas de thrombose, bilatérale de la veine rénale chez une nouveaunée , Acta paediat . 14:186-191, 1932. 19. Ungari, C.: Su di un Caso di infarto emorragico bilaterale dei reni in un lattante (studio clinico e anatomopatologico) , Lattante 11:55-70, 1940. 20. Fallon, M. L.: Renal Venous Thrombosis in the Newborn , Arch. Dis. Childhood 24:125-128, 1949. 21. McClelland, C. Q., and Hughes, J. P.: Thrombosis of the Renal Vein in Infants , J. Pediat . 36:214-227, 1950. 22. Avery, M. E.; Oppenheimer, E. H., and Gordon, H. H.: Renal Vein Thrombosis in Newborn Infants of Diabetic Mothers , New England J. Med. 256:1134-1138, 1957.Crossref 23. Indar, R.: The Dangers of Indwelling Polyethylene Cannulae in Deep Veins , Lancet 1:284-285, 1959.Crossref 24. Kaufmann, H. J.: Renal Vein Thrombosis , A.M.A.J. Dis. Child. 95:377-384, 1958.Crossref

HADDAD, HESKEL M.;JONES, HOWARD W.

1960 A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1960.02070030284005pmid: 13830736

Abstract Tumors of the clitoris are very rare, particularly in childhood.1 During the last three years, three children with tumors of the clitoris were referred to the pediatric endocrine clinic of the Harriet Lane Home at The Johns Hopkins Hospital with the diagnosis of pseudohermaphroditism. Each of the tumors, namely, a lipoma, a hemangioendothelioma, and a neurofibroma, is the first of its kind localized in the clitoris to be found in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to report these three cases with a brief comment on the diagnosis in relation to endocrine disorders and sexual anomalies. Report of Cases Case 1.—The patient, considered to be a male pseudohermaphrodite with a congenitally enlarged phallus, was one year old when referred for laparotomy. On physical examination, the clitoris was conspicuously enlarged (Fig. 1). It was clubshaped and measured 3.7 cm. in length and 2.1 cm. in diameter. The hypertrophy, References 1. Andersen, D. H.: Tumors of Infancy and Childhood: I. A Survey of Those Seen in the Pathology Laboratory of the Babies Hospital During the Years 1935-1950 , Cancer 4:890, 1951.Crossref 2. Moore, K. L., and Barr, M. L.: Smears from the Oral Mucosa in the Detection of Chromosomal Sex , Lancet 2:57, 1955.Crossref 3. Callow, N. H.; Callow, R. K., and Emmens, C. W.: Colorimetric Determination of Substances Containing the Grouping—CH2CO—in Urine Extracts as Indication of Androgen Content , Biochem. J. 32:1312, 1938. 4. Von Recklinghausen, F.: Über die multiplen Fibrome der Haut und ihre Bezeihung zu den multiplen Neuromen , Festschrift für Rudolf Virchow , Berlin, Hirschwald, 1882. 5. Shorr, E.: A New Technic for Staining Vaginal Smears: III. A Single Differential Stain , Science 94:545, 1941.Crossref 6. Wilkins, L.: The Diagnosis and Treatment of Endocrine Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence , Ed. 2, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1957. 7. Segal, S. J., and Nelson, W. O.: Developmental Aspects of Human Hermaphroditism: The Significance of Sex Chromatin Patterns , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 17:676, 1957.Crossref 8. Witschi, E.; Nelson, W. O., and Segal, S. J.: Genetic, Developmental and Hormonal Aspects of Gonadal Dysgenesis and Sex Inversion in Man , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 17:737, 1957.Crossref 9. Rathbun, J. C.; Plunkett, E. R., and Barr, M. L.: Diagnosis and Management of Sex Anomalies , Pediat. Clin. North America , 5:375, 1958. 10. Wilkins, L.; Jones, H. W., Jr.; Holman, G. H., and Stempfel, R. S., Jr.: Masculinization of the Female Fetus Associated with Administration of Progestins During Gestation: Nonadrenal Female Pseudohermaphroditism , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 18:559, 1958.Crossref 11. Brown, J. B.; Fryer, M. P., and McDowell, F.: Hemangiomas , Ann. Surg. 137:652, 1953.Crossref 12. Siemens, W. H.: Über Pigmentflecke bei Recklinghausen-Kranken und bei Normalen , Arch. Dermat. u. Syph. 151:382, 1926.Crossref 13. McCune, D. J., and Bruch, H.: Osteodystrophia Fibrosa: Report of a Case in Which the Condition Was Combined with Precocious Puberty, Pathologic Pigmentation of the Skin and Hyperthyroidism, with a Review of the Literature , Am. J. Dis. Child. 54:806, 1937.Crossref 14. Albright, F.; Butler, A. M.; Hampton, A. O., and Smith, P.: Syndrome Characterized by Osteitis Fibrosa Disseminata, Areas of Pigmentation and Endocrine Dysfunction, with Precocious Puberty in Females: Report of 5 Cases , New England J. Med. 216:727, 1937.Crossref 15. Petsche, H., and Radlinger, C.: Ein Fall von Morbus Recklinghausen mit Ovarialaplasie und Pseudohermaphroditismus masculinus externus , Wien Ztschr. Nervenh. 10:252, 7954.

PAGE, ARTHUR R.;GOOD, ROBERT A.

1960 A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1960.02070030290006pmid: 14429754

Abstract In 1956, Bearn, Kunkel, and Slater1 described a syndrome of chronic hepatic disease occurring predominantly in young girls and characterized clinically by amenorrhea, obesity, striae, arthralgia, skin rashes, and evidence of moderate or severe liver damage. Most of his patients showed a marked elevation in serum γ-globulin concentration, and liver biopsy specimens obtained early in the course of the disease revealed infiltration of the periportal areas with an inflammatory cell exudate that was predominantly made up of plasma cells. It is our purpose in this paper to describe our experience in the management, including steroid therapy, of patients who, we believe, fit into the above-mentioned syndrome. We will refer to this syndrome by the name "plasma-cell hepatitis" throughout the remainder of this paper. This name has the advantage of focusing attention on the unique aspect of this disease, that is, the plasma-cell infiltrate in the liver and the related References 1. Bearn, A. G.; Kunkel, H. G., and Slater, R. J.: The Problem of Chronic Liver Disease in Young Women , Am. J. Med. 21:3, 1956.Crossref 2. Gyorgy, P.; Stokes, J., Jr.; Smith, W. H., and Goldblatt, H.: Studies on the Use of Aureomycin in Hepatic Disease: II. The Effect of Aureomycin on Experimental Dietary Hepatic Necrosis . Am. J.M. Sc. 220:6, 1950.Crossref 3. McNeile, H. J., and Solomon, C.: Aureomycin in Acute Fulminant Hepatitis: Report on Successful Treatment in 3 Cases , New York J. Med. 50:1393, 1950. 4. Farquhar, J. D.; Stokes, J., Jr.; Whitlock, C. M.; Bluemle, L. W., and Gambescia, J. M.: Studies on the Use of Aureomycin in Hepatic Disease: III. A Note on Aureomycin Therapy in Hepatic Coma , Am. J.M. Sc. 220:166, 1950.Crossref 5. Goldbloom, R. S., and Steigmann, F.: Aureomycin Therapy in Hepatic Insufficiency , Gastroenterology 18:93, 1951. 6. Webster, J. J.: Adrenal Cortex in Liver Disease , Ann. Int. Med. 33:854, 1950.Crossref 7. Bluemle, L. W., Jr.; Sborov, V. M.; Stokes, J., Jr.; Gyorgy, P., and Neefe, J. R.: The Use of Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone in Chronic Liver Disease (3 Cases) , in Proceedings of the First Clinical ACTH Conference , New York, Blakiston Company (division of McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.), 1950, Vol. 1, p. 505. 8. Bongiovanni, A. M., and Eisenmenger, W. J.: Observations During the Administration of ACTH to Patients with Chronic Liver Disease , in Proceedings of the Second Clinical ACTH Conference , New York, Blakiston Company (division of McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.), 1951, Vol. 1, p. 390. 9. Bongiovanni, A. M., and Eisenmenger, W. J.: Adrenal Cortical Metabolism in Chronic Liver Disease , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 11:152, 1951.Crossref 10. Havens, W. P., Jr.; Myerson, R. M., and Carroll, I. N.: Effect of ACTH, Cortisone and Progesterone on Patients with Chronic Hepatic Disease , Metabolism 1:172, 1952. 11. Sborov, V. M.; Bluemle, L. W., Jr.; Neefe, J. R., and Gyorgy, P.: The Clinical Usefulness of ACTH and Cortisone in Liver Disease , Gastroenterology 28:745, 1955. 12. Carman, C. T., and Giansiracusa, J. E.: Effect of Steroid Therapy on the Clinical and Laboratory Features of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis , Gastroenterology 28:193, 1955. 13. Spellberg, M. A.: The Usefulness of Corticotropin and Corticoids in Patients with Liver Disease , Am. J. Gastroenterology 26:342, 1956. 14. Rifkin, H.; Marks, L. J.; Hammerman, D. J.; Blumenthal, M. J.; Weiss, A., and Weingarten, B.: Use of Corticotropin and Cortisone in Acute Homologous Serum Hepatitis , A.M.A. Arch. Int. Med. 89:32, 1952.Crossref 15. Colbert, J. W., Jr.; Holland, J. F.; Heissler, I., and Knowlton, M.: The Use of ACTH in Acute Viral Hepatitis , New England J. Med. 245: 172, 1951.Crossref 16. Thorn, G. W.; Forsham, P. H.; Frawley, T. F.; Hill, S. R., Jr.; Roche, M.; Staehelin, D., and Wilson, D. L.: The Clinical Usefulness of ACTH and Cortisone : (Pt. 3) , New England J. Med. 242:865, 1950.Crossref 17. Ducci, H., and Katz, R.: Treatment of Acute Hepatitis with Cortisone and Antibiotics , Gastroenterology 29:381, 1955. 18. Shane, S. J.; Gaum, A. R., and Gaum, D.: The Treatment of Acute Fulminant Hepatitis with Corticotropin and Cortisone , Canad. M.A.J. 73:965, 1955. 19. Ducci, H., and Katz, R.: Cortisone, ACTH and Antibiotics in Fulminant Hepatitis , Gastroenterology 21:357, 1952. 20. Spellberg, M. A.: Observations on the Treatment of Hepatic Coma , Gastroenterology 32: 600, 1957. 21. Zoeckler, S. J., and Hegstrom, G. J.: Cortisone in Decompensated Portal Cirrhosis: A Preliminary Report , Gastroenterology 24:30, 1953. 22. Brown, H.; Jager, B. V., and Tyler, F. H.: ACTH in Cirrhosis of the Liver , Am. J. Med. 10: 770, 1951.Crossref 23. Butt, H. R.; Comfort, M. W.; Power, M. H., and Mason, H. L.: Observations of the Effect of Cortisone Acetate on 2 Patients with Hepatic Disease , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 37:870, 1951. 24. Williams, C. F., and Flink, E. B.: Corticotropin Therapy of Chronic Liver Diseases , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 39:888, 1952. 25. Sklar, M., and Young, I. I.: Failure of ACTH and Adrenal Corticoids to Alter the Course of Hepatic Coma in Advanced Portal Cirrhosis , Am. J.M. Sc. 229:138, 1955. 26. Zoeckler, S. J.: Cortisone in Portal Cirrhosis: A Controlled Study , Gastroenterology 26: 878, 1954. 27. Capps, R. B.; Bennett, A. M.; Mills, E. H.; Ettinger, R. H.; Drake, M. E., and Stokes, J., Jr.: Infectious Hepatitis in Infants and Small Children , A.M.A. Am. J. Dis. Child. 89:701, 1955. 28. Klatskin, G.: Subacute Hepatic Necrosis and Postnecrotic Cirrhosis Due to Anicteric Infections with the Hepatitis Virus , Am. J. Med. 25: 333, 1958. 29. Eaton, M. D.; Murphy, W. D., and Hanford, V. L.: Heterogenetic Antibodies in Acute Hepatitis , J. Exper. Med. 79:539, 1944. 30. Gajdusek, D. C.: An "Autoimmune" Reaction Against Human Tissue Antigens in Certain Acute and Chronic Diseases: I. Serological Investigations , A.M.A. Arch. Int. Med. 101:9, 1958. 31. Mackay, I. R.; Taft, L. I., and Cowling, D. C.: Lupoid Hepatitis , Lancet 2:1323, 1956. 32. Heller, P.; Zimmerman, H. J.; Rozezgvaig, S., and Singer, K.: The L.E.-Cell Phenomenon in Chronic Hepatic Disease , New England J. Med. 254:1160, 1956. 33. Joske, R. A., and King, W. E.: The "L.E.-Cell" Phenomenon in Active Chronic Viral Hepatitis , Lancet 2:477, 1955. 34. Bettley, F. R.: The "L.E.-Cell" Phenomenon in Active Chronic Viral Hepatitis , Lancet 2:724, 1955. 35. Kofman, S.; Johnson, G. C., and Zimmerman, H. J.: Apparent Hepatic Dysfunction in Lupus Erythematosus , A.M.A. Arch. Int. Med. 95:669, 1955. 36. Bartholomew, L. G.; Hagedorn, A. B.; Cain, J. C., and Baggenstoss, A. H.: Hepatitis and Cirrhosis in Women with Positive Clot Tests for Lupus Erythematosus , New England J. Med. 259: 947, 1958.

ROTHMAN, PHILLIP E.;JONES, JOHN C.;PETERSON, HERBERT G.

1960 A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1960.02070030317007pmid: 14439465

Abstract Since the introduction of specific drugs in the treatment of tuberculous pulmonary infiltrations of childhood, there is a need to establish criteria for the use of endoscopic therapy and for surgical resection. No general agreement exists in respect to the indications and optimum time for the employment of these therapeutic adjuvants. This is due, in part, to the comparatively small number of children who require surgical procedures and to the continuously and rapidly changing concepts of this type of treatment. Opinions based on present information concerning the timing of surgery may prove of only limited value. Bronchoscopy Routine bronchoscopy does not appear to be indicated in all cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. The procedure should probably be limited to patients with suggestive clinical and radiographic evidence of endobronchial involvement. Its presence is to be suspected when a patient exhibits a persistent wheeze and rattling, asthmatoid attacks, erratic rises in temperature not References 1. Tuberculous Tracheobronchitis: Editorial , J.A.M.A. 113:416, 1939. 2. Wilson, R.: Tuberculous Atelectatic Bronchiectasis , J. Pediat. 14:368-371, 1939.Crossref 3. Gorgenyi-Göttche, O. G., and Kassay, D.: Importance of Bronchial Rupture in Tuberculosis of Endothoracic Lymph Nodes , Am. J. Dis. Child. 74:166-206, 1947. 4. Lindskog, G. E., and Spear, H. C.: Middle-Lobe Syndrome , New England J. Med. 253:489-495, 1955. 5. Morlock, H. V., and Pinchin, A. S. S.: Epituberculosis , Lancet 1: 1114, 1933.Crossref 6. Laff, H. I.; Hurst, A., and Robinson A.: Importance of Bronchial Involvement in Primary Tuberculosis of Childhood , J.A.M.A. 146:778-783, 1951.Crossref 7. High, R. H., and Nelson, W. E.: Experiences with Intra and Extraluminal Bronchial Tuberculous Lesions , Am. Rev. Tuberc. 74:256-266 ( (Aug.) , Pt. 2) 1956. 8. Lincoln, E. M.; Harris, L. C.; Bovornkitti, S., and Carretero, R.: Endobronchial Tuberculosis in Children , Am. Rev. Tuberc. 77:39-61, 1958. 9. Veeneklaas, G. M. H.: Cause and Sequelae of Intrapulmonary Shadows in Primary Tuberculosis , A.M.A. Am. J. Dis. Child. 83:271-281, 1952. 10. Cameron, J. K.; Hay, J. D., and Temple, L. S.: A Critical Examination of the Role of Surgery in the Treatment of Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children , Thorax 12:329-337, 1957.Crossref 11. Seal, R. M. E., and Thomas, D. M. E.: Endobronchial Tuberculosis in Children , Lancet 2:995-996, 1956.Crossref 12. Hardy, J. B.; Proctor, D. F., and Turner, J. A.: Bronchial Obstruction and Bronchiectasis Complicating Primary Tuberculous Infection , J. Pediat. 41:740-755, 1952.Crossref 13. Adler, D., and Richards, W. F.: Consolidation in Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis , Thorax 8:223-241, 1953.Crossref 14. Massachusetts General Hospital Case 35401, New England J. Med. 241:537-540, 1949. 15. Paulson, D. L., and Shaw, R. R.: Chronic Atelectasis and Pneumonitis of the Middle Lobe , J. Thoracic Surg. 18:747-760, 1949. 16. Davis, L. A.: Roentgen Manifestations of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Under Drug Therapy , Radiology 70:247-251, 1958.Crossref 17. Rubin, M.: The Role of Resection for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents , Am. J. Surg. 89:649-662, 1955.Crossref 18. Temple, L. J.: Personal communication to the authors, April, 1958. 19. Huish, D. W.: The Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Childhood and Adolescence , Thorax 11:186-200, 1956.Crossref 20. Thomas, D. M. E.: Discussion on the Fate of the Tuberculous Primary Complex , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 45:743-745, 1952. 21. Samson, P. C.: Surgery in the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis , Guest Editorial, J.A.M.A. 166:926, 1958. 22. Richards, W. F.: Personal communication to the authors, May, 1958. 23. Singh, D., and Richards, W. F.: Obstructive Emphysema in Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis , Tubercle 38:397-402, 1957.Crossref 24. Giraud, P.; Metras, H.; Gregoire, M.; Longefait, H., and Hartung, L.: Traitement chirurgical de complications graves de la primoinfection , Pédiatrie 9:557-570, 1954. 25. Hardy, J. B.: Tuberculosis in White and Negro Children , Vol. I, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1958, p. 24. 26. Smith, M. H. D.: The Role of Adrenal Steroids in the Treatment of Tuberculosis , Pediatrics 22:774-776, 1958. 27. Lincoln, E. M.; Davies, P. A., and Bovornkitti, S.: Tuberculous Pleurisy with Effusion in Children , Am. Rev. Tuberc. 77:271-289, 1958. 28. Fleming, H. A., and West, L. R.: An Appreciation of Bronchospirometry as a Method of Investigation Based on 125 Cases , Thorax 9:273-284, 1954.Crossref 29. Chesterman, J. T.: The Surgery of Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children , Thorax 12: 159-163, 1957.Crossref 30. Chamberlain, J. M.: The Surgical Management of Pulmonary Tuberculosis , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1957, p. 57. 31. Rothman, P. E., and Mapes, R.: Massive Unilateral Pulmonary Fibrosis Due to Obstructive Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis , J. Pediatrics 17: 659-669, 1940.Crossref 32. Danino, E. A.; Evans, C. J., and Thomas, J. H.: Tuberculous Broncho-Oesophageal Fistula in a Child , Thorax 10:351-353, 1955.Crossref 33. Brailey, M. E.: Tuberculosis in White and Negro Children , Vol. II, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1958, p. 34. 34. Scannell, V. G.: Thoracic Surgery (Medical Progress), New England J. Med. 254:271-279, 1956.

TUCKER, ARTHUR S.;BOLANDE, ROBERT P.

1960 A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1960.02070030331008pmid: 13839744

Abstract Intestinal polyps are relatively common in children, but those which occur in conjunction with melanotic pigmentation at the mucocutaneous junctions are seen much less frequently. Pediatricians who examine children with intestinal bleeding and find small foci of dark pigment on the lips and adjacent cutaneous and mucosal surfaces should be alert to the possibility of the presence of intestinal polyps as reported by Peutz,5 in 1921, and by Jeghers,4 in 1944. Report of a Case A white girl of 10 years was admitted to Babies and Children's Hospital for the investigation of abdominal pain and vomiting. The child had been well until eight months previously, when vomiting first occurred at irregular intervals, averaging perhaps once a week. The episodes took place at different times of day and lasted about half an hour, after which time the patient felt well again. Initially the onset of vomiting was without warning, References 1. Bartholomew, L. G.; Dahlin, D. C., and Waugh, J. M.: Intestinal Polyposis Associated with Mucocutaneous Melanin Pigmentation (Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome) , Gastroenterology 32:434-451, 1957. 2. Caffey, J.: Pediatric X-Ray Diagnosis , Ed. 3, Chicago, The Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1956, p. 540. 3. Fisher, O. D.: Intestinal Polyposis Associated with Melanin Spots of the Oral Mucosa: Syndrome of Peutz , Great Ormond St. J. 2:151, 1951. 4. Jeghers, H.: Pigmentation of the Skin, New England J. Med. 231:88-100, 122-136, 181-189, 1944. 5. Peutz, J. L. A.: Very Remarkable Case of Familial Polyposis of Mucous Membrane of Intestinal Tract and Nasopharynx Accompanied by Peculiar Pigmentations of Skin and Mucous Membrane , Nederl. maandschr. geneesk 10:134-146, 1921. 6. Ravitch, M. M.: Polypoid Adenomatosis of the Entire Gastrointestinal Tract , Ann. Surg. 128: 283-298, 1948.Crossref

GHADIMI, HUSSEIN;STERN, MILTON;SHWACHMAN, HARRY

1960 A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1960.02070030335009pmid: 13827718

Abstract There has been a paucity of work on the amino acid composition of sweat in healthy and sick children. In cystic fibrosis of the pancreas the sweat glands excrete sodium and chloride in a concentration far above that found in a control group. The potassium is also elevated but to less extent.1,2 In view of this dysfunction of the sweat glands in cystic fibrosis it appeared reasonable to investigate other components of sweat. Unpublished work from this laboratory indicates that other constituents in sweat from patients with cystic fibrosis, such as urea, lactic acid, citric acid, sulfate, and phosphorus, do not differ from the normal.3 It is intended in this paper to present our findings of the amino acid distribution and of the total α-amino nitrogen concentration in sweat in patients with cystic fibrosis and a control group. Rothman and Sullivan4 found 11 amino acids in water-wipings References 1. Darling, R. C.; di Sant'Agnese, P. A.; Perera, G. A., and Andersen, D. H.: Electrolyte Abnormalities of the Sweat in Fibrocystic Disease of the Pancreas , Am. J.M. Sc. 225:67, 1953.Crossref 2. Shwachman, H.; Higgins, E., and Dooley, R. R.: A Simple Diagnostic Test for Mucoviscidosis: Sweat Electrolyte Studies, presented before the American Academy of Pediatrics, Chicago, Oct. 5, 1954; Mucoviscidosis , Advances Pediat. 7:297, 1955;. 3. Stern, M.; Clarke, J. T., and Shwachman, H.: Unpublished data. 4. Rothman, S., and Sullivan, M. B.: Amino Acids on the Normal Human Skin Surface , J. Invest. Dermat. 13:319, 1949.Crossref 5. Dent, C. E., and Walshe, J. M.: Amino Acid Metabolism , Brit. M. Bull. 10:247, 1954. 6. Hennequet, A.; Girault, M.; Debris, P., and Marie, J.: Contribution à l'étude du test de la sueur par une méthode utilisant l'analyse d'une sueur globale , Semaine hôp. Paris 33:3310, 1957. 7. Moore, S., and Stein, W. H.: Photometric Ninhydrin Method for Use in the Chromatography of Amino Acids , J. Biol. Chem. 176:367, 1948. 8. Dent, C. E.: A Study of the Behaviour of Some 60 Amino-Acids and Other Ninhydrin-Reacting Substances on Phenol-'Collidine' Filter-Paper Chromatograms, with Notes as to the Occurrence of Some of Them in Biological Fluids , Biochem. J. 43:169, 1948. 9. Block, R. J.; Durrum, E. L., and Zweig, G.: A Manual of Paper Chromatography and Paper Electrophoresis , New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1955. 10. Hier, S. W.; Cornbleet, T., and Bergeim, O.: The Amino Acids of Human Sweat , J. Biol. Chem. 166:327, 1946. 11. Ghadimi, H., and Shwachman, H.: To be published.

BORGSTRÖM, BENGT;LINDQUIST, BERTIL;LUNDH, GÖRAN

1960 A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1960.02070030340010

Abstract It has often been stated that premature infants as compared with full-term infants are handicapped in utilization of their food due to relative enzyme deficiency. This has been indicated above all to apply to the proteins, and therefore it has been recommended to supply their ordinary food with casein hydrolysates. In histological and chemical investigations of pancreas from premature infants 0-5 days old, Werner (1948) found that pancreas in infants with a birth weight below 2,000 gm. showed an extremely immature picture with little or no tryptic activity. She therefore concluded that the premature infant, as compared with the full-term infant is very poorly equipped for the task of protein digestion. Gschwind (1950) has investigated the presence of trypsin, lipase, and diastase in pancreas of premature and full-term infants of varying age. Especially the activity of lipase and diastase was reduced, but even the proteolytic activity was decreased. This author References 1. Ahrens, E. H., Jr.; Dole, V. P., and Blankenhorn, D. H.: The Use of Orally-Fed Liquid Formulas in Metabolic Studies , Am. J. Clin. Nutrition 2:236 ( (Sept.) -Oct.) 1954. 2. Borgström, B.; Dahlqvist, A.; Lundh, G., and Sjövall, J.: Studies of Intestinal Digestion and Absorption in the Human , J. Clin. Invest. 36:1521 ( (Oct.) ) 1957.Crossref 3. —and Lindquist, B.: Digestive Studies in Ulcerative Colitis, to be published. 4. —Lindquist, B., and Lundh, G.: Digestion Studies in Children Under Normal and Pathological Conditions, to be published. 5. Farber, S.; Shwachman, H., and Maddock, C. L.: Pancreatic Function and Disease in Early Life: I. Pancreatic Enzyme Activity and the Celiac Syndrome , J. Clin. Invest. 22:827 ( (Nov.) ) 1943.Crossref 6. Feinstein, M. S., and Smith, C. A.: Digestion of Protein by Premature Infants , Pediatrics 7: 19 ( (Jan.) ) 1951. 7. Gschwind, R.: Das Verhalten der Pancreasenzyme bei Frühgeburten , Ann. paediat. 175:169 ( (July) -Aug.) 1950. 8. Hydén, S.: A Turbidometric Method for the Determination of Higher Polyethylene Glycols in Biological Materials , Ann. Agric. Coll. Sweden 22:139, 1955. 9. Klumpp, T. G., and Neale, A. V.: The Gastric and Duodenal Contents of Normal Infants and Children: The Duodenal Enzyme Activity and the Gastric and Duodenal Reactions (H-Ion) , Am. J. Dis. Child. 40:1215 ( (Dec.) ) 1930.Crossref 10. Lundh, G.: Determination of Trypsin and Chymotrypsin in Human Intestinal Content , Scandinav. J. Lab. & Clin. Invest. 9:229, 1957. 11. Intestinal Digestion and Absorption After Gastrectomy , Acta chir. scandinav. Supp. 231:73, 1958. 12. Madey, S., and Dancis, J.: Proteolytic Enzymes of the Premature Infant: with Special Reference to His Ability to Digest Unsplit Protein Food , Pediatrics 4:177 ( (Aug.) ) 1949. 13. Meyer, K. H.; Noelting, G., and Bernfeld, P.: Recherches sur l'amidon XXXVII: Détermination du poids moleculaire de polysaccarides natureles par dosage colorimetrique , Helvet. chem. acta 31:103, 1948. 14. Sumner, J. B.: A More Specific Reagent for the Determination of Sugar in Urine , J. Biol. Chem. 65:393, 1925. 15. Werner, B.: Peptic and Tryptic Capacity of the Digestive Glands in Newborns: A Comparison Between Premature and Full-Term Infants , Acta paediat. 35( (Supp. 6) ):1, 1948.