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American journal of diseases of children

Publisher:
American Medical Association
American Medical Association
ISSN:
0096-8994
Scimago Journal Rank:
196
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CONGENITAL PULMONARY STENOSIS

LEININGER, C. R.; GIBSON, STANLEY; POTTS, WILLIS J.

1951 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1951.02040030476001

INCREASING interest has been aroused in congenital malformations of the heart accompanied with cyanosis since Blalock and Taussig first reported a surgical technic to relieve congenital pulmonary stenosis.1 In 1946, Potts, Smith and Gibson2 described a modified technic for alleviating the symptoms arising from this condition. In either instance an additional artificial channel is created which is physiologically similar to a patent ductus arteriosus. We should like to report on the progress of the first 214 children operated on at Children's Memorial Hospital for congenital pulmonary stenosis. The future course of these patients is a matter of conjecture, and a long range study will be necessary. However, sufficient time has elapsed for us to make some preliminary postoperative observations. The preoperative diagnosis was tetralogy of Fallot in 199 cases and tricuspid atresia in 15 cases. An aortic-pulmonary anastomosis was established in 177 cases; a Blalock operation was performed
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CARE, FEEDING AND FATE OF PREMATURE AND FULL TERM INFANTS BORN OF TUBERCULOUS MOTHERS

RATNER, BRET; ROSTLER, ALEXANDER E.; SALGADO, PIERRE S.

1951 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1951.02040030482002pmid: 14810178

AT THE end of the last century it was generally accepted that the newborn infant of a tuberculous mother was doomed to inherit the malady. However, by the first quarter of the present century a changing attitude became apparent, largely due to the investigations of French clinicians. In a series of papers Debré and LeLong1 in 1925 described their procedures, clinical observations and experimental findings. The newborn were separated from their mothers at birth and were protected from postnatal contacts over a prolonged period. Those that died (15 per cent of the series) were autopsied. Two hundred guinea pigs were inoculated with fragments of viscera (particularly the liver, spleen, mesenteric nodes, bone marrow) to determine the presence of tubercle bacilli, and the findings were negative. From their studies these authors concluded that death in the early months did not result from hereditary and constitutional factors but rather from artificial
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IMMUNIZATION IN THE YOUNG INFANT

PETERSON, J. CYRIL; CHRISTIE, AMOS

1951 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1951.02040030494003

I. INTRODUCTION THE ABILITY of young infants to produce antibodies had not until recently been explored. The examination of some of the factors related to this problem is the object of this study. The thesis of Hirszfeld and the related studies of many others reported during the first 25 years of this century were ably summarized by Baumgartner1 in 1934. She concluded that the evidence presented indicated the development in the person during early life of a certain biochemical reflex of antibody production, a development comparable, for example, to that of sexual maturity. This expressed the common belief of that time that infants were incapable of forming antibody, and that failure was due to a physiological immaturity. One must admit that there was little to controvert such a view. These studies ignore or overlook the fact that infections in the young do engender immunity. There is and has been
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IMMUNIZATION IN THE YOUNG INFANT

CHRISTIE, AMOS; PETERSON, J. CYRIL

1951 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1951.02040030512004

V. RESPONSES TO DIPHTHERIA IMMUNIZATION THE FACT that young infants could be successfully immunized against pertussis,1 the introduction of combined vaccines2 which greatly reduce the difficulties of establishing an adequate immunization program by reducing the number of visits necessary, the incidental desirable lessening of the psychic trauma of "shots" when they are given very early in life and other factors stimulated our desire to inquire into the responses of young infants to diphtheria toxoid as used in modern vaccine preparations. We have already mentioned3 that the earlier studies are generally inadequate because they were carried out principally with toxin-antitoxin mixtures, but it may also be added that the early toxoids did not compare well with the present day preparations. Also, in many of the studies the reversal of the Schick reaction served as the only index of response. Barr and Glenny4 several years ago pointed out
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IMMUNIZATION IN THE YOUNG INFANT

PETERSON, J. CYRIL; CHRISTIE, AMOS

1951 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1951.02040030529005pmid: 14810181

VI. TETANUS IN THE preceding sections of these reports we have discussed methods, reactions and the specific antibody responses to pertussis and diphtheria antigens. In this section we shall consider the problems relevant to tetanus immunization. In tetanus immunization of the young infant, and of older children and adults as well, one is dealing with a situation much less complex than those encountered in diphtheria and pertussis prophylaxis. There is for practical purposes no problem of preimmunization passive immunity to modify the response. Only one person in our group showed tetanus antitoxin before immunization. The exception was an older child who had been given passive prophylaxis. Furthermore, the antigen currently used is so devoid of reaction capacity that massive stimuli may be utilized in routine practice without fear of exciting significant reactions. This antigen uniformly evokes high levels of antitoxin and a high anamnestic capacity. The effectiveness of tetanus immunization
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USE OF AN ANTIHISTAMINIC DRUG FOR TREATMENT OF THE COMMON COLD AT A SUMMER CAMP FOR BOYS

FISHER, PETER

1951 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1951.02040030541006pmid: 14810182

WHETHER the antihistaminic drugs are of value in the prevention and treatment of the common cold in its early stages is still a controversial matter. Because of the widespread use of these drugs in the home and the possibly dangerous implications of their indiscriminate use, any further information on their efficacy is of value. An unusual opportunity presented itself for a controlled clinical study of antihistamine efficacy the results of which are described in this paper In recent reports on the use of the antihistaminic drugs for the common cold different conclusions have been reached, and different methods of study have been undertaken. Several of these reports1 concluded that the antihistaminic drugs did not seem to be more effective than the control medication. Of these three studies, one was performed on a small series in an army camp, the other two on large groups, the data being collected by
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STAPHYLOCOCCIC INFECTIONS IN HOSPITAL NURSERIES AND PEDIATRICS WARDS

FELSEN, JOSEPH; LAPIN, JOSEPH; WOLARSKY, WILLIAM; WEIL, ALFRED J.; FOX, IRVING

1951 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1951.02040030545007pmid: 14810183

AN INCREASING number of reports have appeared in the current medical literature concerning the prevalence of infections in the newborn by penicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.1 The purpose of this communication is to present certain clinical, epidemiological and bacteriologic observations on staphylococcic infections made in our nurseries during the period 1939 to 1950. CLINICAL ASPECTS Since 1939 our attention has been focused on recurring episodes of staphylococcic infection in the newborn at the Bronx Hospital. Most infections were of the skin or conjunctiva. In October and November 1941 there occurred a typical outbreak of epidemic diarrhea of the newborn, involving 19 babies.2 Our studies seemed to indicate that a hemolytic, coagulase-positive Staph. aureus was the causative agent. Subsequent to this outbreak of diarrheal disease the hospital epidemiologist (W. W.) noted continuing sporadic cases of skin and conjunctival infection due to hemolytic coagulase-positive staphylococci during the period from 1941
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SIMPLIFIED TRANSPARENT TUBERCULIN PATCH TEST

VOLLMER, HERMANN; LYONS, DAVID R.

1951 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1951.02040030552008pmid: 14810184

THE TUBERCULIN patch test has been modified by the use of Scotch® cellophane tape instead of adhesive tape, by the use of only one, a smaller, tuberculin test square instead of two and by the omission of the control test square and the protective crinoline. This simplified test seems to offer several advantages which make it suitable for mass testing, while the original tuberculin patch test retains its place for individual testing. MATERIAL Commercially available Scotch® cellophane tape having a width of ¾ inch (1.9 cm.) is unrolled, and on its adhesive side thin tuberculin-containing filter paper patches are placed at 1 inch (2.5 cm.) distances (fig. 1). These filter paper pieces have a cross or square form and a surface of only 25 sq. mm., one fourth of the size used in the original tuberculin patch test. They are saturated with tuberculin produced on a synthetic medium and having
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CONGENITAL WEB OF THE LARYNX

HUDSON, PHOEBE

1951 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1951.02040030556009pmid: 14810185

BETWEEN 1932 and 1949, with approximately 4,000 patients admitted a year, only nine cases of laryngeal web have been diagnosed at Babies Hospital. This suggests that the lesion is relatively rare. In a review of these cases and those in the literature, it has been found that most webs are thin bands across the anterior margins of the vocal cords. Following is a report of a case of a markedly deforming web recently seen in Babies Hospital which is unlike any seen here previously or described in the literature. REPORT OF A CASE The patient was a 6½ month old Negro boy, who was admitted to Babies Hospital on April 27, 1949, at the age of 7 weeks, with a complaint of stridor, which became worse on inspiration, since birth. Both parents were alive and well. There were four siblings, aged 9, 8, 6 and 4 years, all alive and
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SUDDEN DEATH OF A CHILD DUE TO CARDITIS

GOLD, HAROLD

1951 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1951.02040030561010pmid: 14810186

REPORTS of sudden nonviolent death due to carditis in childhood are infrequent. Hence the following case is considered worthy of reporting. In this case the death was thought to be due to carditis of rheumatic origin. REPORT OF CASE A 2 year old girl, apparently well, died suddenly while at home. She was playing with her brother just before lunch and was running to pick up a book but unexpectedly fell. The brother attempted to help her, but she pushed him away. The mother, who was close by, lifted the child and noted that she was stiff and gray but still breathing in gasps. She hurried to the kitchen and attempted to revive the child by placing her under the cold water tap, but she died. There were no significant past illnesses. Three weeks before the child's death two of the four other children had had colds. One week later
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