American journal of diseases of children

MENEGHELLO, JULIO; ESPINOZA, JULIO; CORONEL, LILA

1949 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1949.02030050152001pmid: 18135515

THIS PAPER deals with the results of biopsies of the liver in infants with nutritional dystrophy. Gillman and Gillman,1 in South Africa, published similar experiences in infantile pellagra. These authors checked the therapeutic efficiency of dried stomach, liver extract and vitamin B by biopsy of the liver. We used choline and dried stomach in treatment of the present series. The clinical syndrome to be discussed is called "polycarencial dystrophy" in Chile, "specific dermatosis" in Uruguay and "beriberic pelagroid" in Cuba. In Mexico, the syndrome is called "culebrilla (snakeskin)." In the United States the terms "nutritional edema" and "hydropigenous multideficiency dystrophy" are used. These "polycarencial (multiple deficiency)" dystrophies appear generally in infants over 1 year of age and occur frequently in countries with deficient hygienic conditions. The history of these patients reveals inadequate protein intake, excessive carbohydrate feeding and little or no consumption of fat. Vitamins are absolutely insufficient. As

ZUELZER, WOLF W.; APT, LEONARD

1949 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1949.02030050164002pmid: 18135516

AMONG the conditions associated with pronounced and persistent - eosinophilia of the blood there is an obscure group of disorders reported under various names, such as chronic eosinophilia,1 eosinophilia leukemoides,2 extreme eosinophilia and leukocytosis,3 eosinophilia and splenomegaly,4 Loeffler's syndrome5 and others. Many cases of so-called eosinophilic leukemia and some instances of familial eosinophilia6 evidently belong in the same ill defined category. Clearcut criteria for a clinical syndrome embracing the entire group have not been established, and few pathologic studies of pertinent cases are available. The diagnosis is, therefore, often difficult. Prompted by a chance observation made in the course of an autopsy, we studied biopsy specimens of liver obtained from 3 patients with excessive eosinophilia and observed a characteristic widespread lesion which seems to us to represent the anatomic substrate of a clinical entity. We present the pathologic findings, together with clinical observations and with

HOPKINS, LOUISE A.; Kinzer, Lydia Greene

1949 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1949.02030050193003pmid: 18135517

With a Mathematical Appendix by IN FEBRUARY 1946, a questionnaire entitled "Did You Have German Measles?"1 appeared in the Volta Review, a periodical devoted to education of the deaf. Through the courtesy of Miss Josephine B. Timberlake, the editor, and Mrs. Laura Stovel, the assistant editor, I was able to have the replies to this questionnaire for analysis. However, I found that they were brief and I decided that a more detailed questionnaire would yield more valuable data, so I sent each of the mothers a second questionnaire to fill out for me. The mothers were most cooperative and eager to help. Not only Dear Mrs..........................................: The material which you sent to the Volta Bureau in answer to the questionnaire on German measles has been forwarded to me for analysis. I should be most grateful if you would answer the following questions so that I may have a little

WANNAMAKER, LEWIS W.; KOHN, JEROME L.; WEICHSEL, MANFRED

1949 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1949.02030050212004pmid: 18135518

THE ESSENTIAL procedures in the treatment of whooping cough, which included the use of human hyperimmune serums, were discussed in previous papers.1 It has been shown that Hemophilus pertussis, the etiologic agent of whooping cough, is sensitive to streptomycin in concentrations of from 1 to 3 micrograms in a cubic centimeter of medium and, therefore, the antibiotic substance might have some therapeutic value. Bradford and Day2 showed that streptomycin favorably altered the course of murine pertussis. The present report deals with the observations on the effect of streptomycin in children ill with whooping cough treated at the Willard Parker Hospital. MATERIAL AND PROCEDURES Streptomycin was administered to 129 patients over a six month period, from April 1 through Sept. 30, 1947. One hundred of these were under 1 year of age. There were an additional 21 children under 1 year who received no streptomycin (table 1). The patients

SHEPARD, KENNETH S.; KOHN, JEROME L.; KAPLAN, SEYMOUR R.; ALLEN, THEODORE C.

1949 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1949.02030050223005pmid: 18135519

IN A PREVIOUS study1 observations were made on the course of whooping cough in a group of children, most of whom were under 1 year of age. Streptomycin was administered intranasally, by aerosol method or by intramuscular injection. We had the impression that the course of whooping cough was favorably influenced when streptomycin was given by either the aerosol method or intramuscular injection. Intranasal instillation seemed to have no therapeutic value. This report concerns the treatment with streptomycin of a second group of infants and a group of older children. MATERIAL AND PROCEDURES This report deals with the observation of 64 patients from January to September 1948. The patients were divided into two groups according to age, those under 3 years and those over. The younger group consisted of 43 children. A calcium complex of streptomycin2 was administered over a five day period simultaneously by the aerosol route

SHIELDS, JOHN JUDD

1949 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1949.02030050228006pmid: 18135520

NUMEROUS epidemics of diarrhea of unknown origin have been reported from nurseries for the newborn in recent years. That a similar type of diarrhea may be hazardous in a hospital ward for infants has not been emphasized. Frant and Abramson1 reported that no secondary cases occurred among older infants and children in open pediatric wards in which infants with epidemic diarrhea of the newborn were quartered. Rubenstein and Foley2 likewise stated that no cases developed in older infants known to have been exposed to babies with epidemic diarrhea. Dodd,3 however, observed that secondary infections occurred in infants up to at least 6 months of age, premature infants being severely affected. Clifford4 noted the tendency of diarrhea to spread in pediatric wards after admission of babies from nurseries with epidemics, in contrast to the lack of spread when the infecting organism belonged to the Salmonella or dysentery

BRANDT, SVEN

1949 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1949.02030050237007pmid: 18135521

AN OBVIOUS feature of infantile progressive muscular atrophy, as first described by Werdnig1 and by Hoffmann2 about fifty years ago, is its familial appearance. This implies that a hereditary factor may play an important part as a cause of the disease. Nevertheless, few attempts have been made to prove this theory and to solve the various genetic problems involved. Using the sibling method of Weinberg to estimate eventual agreement with mendelian laws, Schimkus3 in 1934 made a calculation on a number of cases collected from earlier publications and concluded from his results that simple recessive inheritance was probable. Schimkus demonstrated that about 25 per cent of all siblings of the primary patients were paralyzed, which was just what he expected to find in case of recessiveness. He did not realize, however, that such ideal figures can be expected only in unselected material. If Schimkus, as I suppose,

BUERGER, WALTER R.; LAMBERT, EDWARD C.; MAITLAND, BARBARA A.

1949 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1949.02030050248008pmid: 18135522

UNLESS the patient with acute renal failure can rid himself of the waste products usually eliminated by the glomeruli of the kidney, he cannot long survive the resulting chemical imbalance. The chief aim of medical therapy, therefore, is to reestablish glomerular filtration or to remove waste products by some means other than the kidney. Recently, two successful methods of treatment by extrarenal pathways were demonstrated for adults with renal insufficiency. Kolff and Berk1 submitted the uremic patient's circulating blood to dialysis outside the body. Fine, Frank and Seligman2 used the peritoneum as a dialyzing membrane by irrigating the peritoneal cavity with fluid and removing the diffusible waste products. A review of 27 cases in which the patients were treated by peritoneal irrigation was presented by Odel and Ferris,3 and other instances in which this procedure has been used were also Although the infant patient to be reported

ROSEN, ALBERT P.; JAWORSKI, RUDOLF A.

1949 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1949.02030050259009pmid: 18135523

THE DIAGNOSIS of postvaccination encephalitis has posed a problem to the clinician ever since it was established as a definite clinical entity. The program for large scale vaccination which took place in New York city during 1947 well illustrated the difficulties of attaining the correct diagnosis. More than 6,350,000 persons were vaccinated in a period of one month. Within two and one-half months after the vaccination program was instituted, 50 cases of possible encephalitis were reported to the department of health. Four of these cases were ruled out as definitely not encephalitis. In the remaining 46 cases, the diagnosis was considered probable. Death resulted in 8 of these cases. Brain tissue in each of the fatal cases was examined, and in none of them were the characteristic lesions of postvaccination encephalitis observed. Autopsy showed that 2 of the deaths were caused by tuberculous meningitis, 1 by brain tumor, 1 by

MARSH, HOMER F.; STRENGE, HENRY B.; STEM, JAMES M.

1949 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1949.02030050263010pmid: 18147091

INFECTIONS in the newborn due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Bacillus pyocyaneus) are well recognized, yet surprisingly few cases are reported. The organism is presumably highly virulent for the newborn, infections usually being fatal if generalized sepsis occurs. According to Schultz,1 the septic state is characterized by a tendency to hemorrhage and diarrhea. An idea of the incidence of septicemia caused by this organism may be gained from the report of Dunham2 who studied 39 cases of septicemia in the newborn and found only 1 case caused by Ps. aeruginosa. More recently, Kerby3 reviewed the literature and reported 39 cases of Ps. aeruginosa septicemia in children. He concluded from his study that the source of the organism in many cases was the gastrointestinal tract. Reports of this organism's isolation in other infections, such as meningitis, endocarditis and diarrhea, are to be found.4 The 2 cases reported here seem