American journal of diseases of children

TOOMEY, JOHN A.; KELLER, ROBERT A.

1947 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1947.02020400002001pmid: 20241867

CUTANEOUS testing for susceptibility to diphtheria and scarlet fever has been a widespread practice for many years. The reliability of the former is generally accepted. To immunize against diphtheria three antigens are now in use. Immunization of certain groups of persons, especially nurses and physicians, against scarlet fever is practicable,1 but the reactions encountered in giving Dick toxin have been such that it has never become officially recommended as public health procedure. The following report is a survey of twenty years of cutaneous testing and immunization of student nurses at the contagious department of Cleveland City Hospital. Since 1925, all student nurses who entered contagious service have been given Schick and Dick tests routinely. Those who had positive reactions were immunized against the antigen to which they were susceptible. For about ten years all tests and injections for our own and for nurses from other hospitals affiliated with City Hospital

KRAMER, BENJAMIN; SOBEL, ALBERT E.; GOTTFRIED, SIDNEY P.; Besman, Lottie

1947 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1947.02020400014002pmid: 20241868

BLACKFAN and Wolbach1 have reported that "histologic evidences of A avitaminosis may occur in infants who are receiving an amount of vitamin A in their diet usually accepted as meeting the minimal protective needs of the body." Similar histologic changes have been observed by one of us (B. K.) in children with chronic diarrhea and cystic fibrosis of the pancreas who received amounts of vitamin A much larger than the considered adequate dose. It has been shown by May and his colleagues2 and Chesney and McCoord3 that impaired intestinal absorption of vitamin A exists in children with celiac disease, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, obliteration of the bile ducts and cretinism. In an effort to circumvent this barrier to the absorption of vitamin A, the latter was administered by intramuscular injection.4 Although McCoord and Breeze5 obtained an elevation of the vitamin A level in the

HOYNE, ARCHIBALD L.; SLOTKOWSKI, EUGENE L.

1947 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1947.02020400025003pmid: 20241869

ALTHOUGH sporadic reports of measles encephalitis are found in the literature prior to the year 1923, it is only in the last two decades that encephalitis as a complication of measles has seemed to occur in epidemic proportions. It is difficult to determine the exact incidence of this condition, as not all cases of measles are reported and many cases of mild encephalitis may be missed. Stimson1 stated the opinion that this complication usually develops in less than 1 per thousand cases. Table 12 discloses the incidence in previously reported epidemics of measles and also in our series. There were 10 additional cases at another contagious disease hospital which are not included. From January through June of 1946, 307 patients were admitted to the Cook County Contagious Hospital with the diagnosis of measles. Table 2 divides these cases into three separate age groups, showing the number of cases

WAGNER, RICHARD

1947 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1947.02020400030004pmid: 20241870

GLYCOGEN storage disease (von Gierke's disease) is a rare condition in childhood, and little is known about its pathologic chemistry. In a recent study on 2 cases of glycogen storage disease Bridge and Holt1 called attention to the glycogen content of whole blood. The occurrence of an increase in the level of glycogen in the blood had been reported by previous investigators.2 Bridge and Holt identified the polysaccharid present in blood of glycogen storage disease as glycogen by its chemical properties. Since 97 per cent of the total glycogen has been found in the blood cells, they calculated from whole blood glycogen a concentration of from 6 to 10 per cent of this carbohydrate in the white blood cells. The assumption was made that all the glycogen is concentrated in the leukocytes with none in the erythrocytes. The present study deals with direct glycogen determinations on isolated white

CLARKE, GENE H.

1947 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1947.02020400036005pmid: 20241871

IN 1942, Jorgensen and Greely1 demonstrated that sulfadiazine can be administered subcutaneously in a 5 per cent aqueous solution without deleterious local effects. Since then others2 have used this method of administration with some variations regarding dosage and interval between injections but, in general, following the plan which has been widely adopted for oral administration of the drug, namely, 50 to 75 mg. per kilogram (⅓ to ½ grain per pound) of body weight as an initial dose, and approximately twice this amount per day divided into three, four or six doses.3 Glaser and Lawrence2c reported studies of the levels obtained in the blood when the drug was administered by the subcutaneous route. Aside from this study, little attention has been given to the pediatric aspects of subcutaneous administration of sulfonamide drugs. The following report presents the results of a study of blood levels obtained in

McNEIL, MELBA

1947 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1947.02020400044006pmid: 20241872

WHILE not unheard of, congenital diaphragmatic hernia on the right diagnosed in infancy is believed rare enough to warrant the report of a single case. This child was observed by me at regular intervals from birth until the seventh month, at which time symptoms referable to the abnormality first developed. HISTORY OF THE CASE J. L. H. III was born Oct. 10, 1946, being the first child of a 17 year old mother. During the second month of gestation a positive Wassermann reaction had been obtained, and intensive antisyphilitic treatment was carried out during the entire pregnancy. At the time of delivery both the mother's Wassermann reaction and the Wassermann reaction of the cord were negative. The infant breathed spontaneously at birth, and his color was good at all times. Breast feeding was supplemented with a Dryco formula. At four weeks the infant's gain was insufficient and he seemed hungry.

GOLDSTEIN, LOUIS S.

1947 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1947.02020400046007pmid: 20241873

TO date, no case of congenital essential thrombopenic purpura in twins has been described in the literature, which contains reports on 19 cases. The literature up to 1936 was reviewed by Sanford, Leslie and Crane,1 who listed 12 cases. Since then cases have been reported by Davidson,2 Whitney and Barritt,3 Urbanski and Hutner,4 Schefrin and Schechtman5 and Morrison and Samwick.6 The latter proposed the following criteria for a diagnosis of thrombopenic purpura: (1) purpura, with petechiae and ecchymoses; (2) increase in bleeding time; (3) increase in clot retraction time; (4) decrease in platelets; (5) no change in coagulation time; (6) no change in prothrombin time; (7) either normal or increased number of megakaryocytes and/or immature megakaryocytes; (8) normal vitamin C content; (9) positive response to tourniquet test; (10) normal or slightly enlarged spleen; (11) absence of adenopathy; (12) leukemoid reaction with leukocytosis and polynucleosis,

PETERSON, J. CYRIL

1947 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1947.02020400049008pmid: 20241874

IN A RECENT article1 a colleague and I reviewed the literature relating to pernicious anemia in childhood and reported the first authenticated case1a from America. In this postscript I wish to show the responses of the patient to folic acid. The patient, A. A., has been followed continuously since November 1940. Throughout she has shown gastric achlorhydria and can be maintained in a state of health only when she is continuously treated for anemia with liver extract or an equivalent. She has been observed through five relapses, some specifically induced by withdrawal of treatment. Erythropoiesis has shown consistently with each relapse an arrest of maturation at the megaloblastic level. She responds in a characteristic way to the administration of liver extract (chart 1). On Feb. 6, 1946, she received her last injection of liver extract2 but continued until March 25, 1946, to receive orally 4 cc. of

SNYDER, C. HARRISON; VICK, EDWARD HOGE

1947 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1947.02020400052009pmid: 20241875

HYPERTENSION of long duration and serious degree is seldom encountered in pediatric practice, but when it does occur it may offer a most fascinating problem in differential diagnosis. Most cases are due to renal disease, others to coarctation of the aorta, acrodynia, lead poisoning, Cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroidism and rare types of brain tumor involving the hypothalamus. A few cases, by elimination, have to be labeled "essential hypertension," but only after thorough study has failed to reveal the cause. For most cases of hypertension there is no effective therapy. But there is one further group, illustrated by the 3 cases to be reported here, in which surgical intervention may effect the immediate cure of an otherwise progressive and fatal hypertension. These are the cases due to pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma—tumors of chromaffin tissue which secrete epinephrine. Such tumors usually arise from the adrenal medulla (where they are called "pheochromocytoma"), but occasionally develop

1947 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1947.02020400073010