American journal of diseases of children

MORGAN, EDWARD A.

1916 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1916.04110100002001

The exhaustive work and intensive studies made in the last decade on the subject of pyloric stenosis has been productive of an almost complete understanding of the disease. The age and sex incidence is typical, the symptom complex is unusually constant, the differential diagnosis affords few difficulties and the treatment is limited practically to one procedure. There is a growing conviction that early surgical intervention is to be advised, except in a very small percentage of the cases. The etiology of the disease alone is shrouded in obscurity. Dr. Holt's paper, read before the New York Academy of Medicine in April, 1914, covered the subject from a medical point of view, and to Dr. William A. Downes should be given credit for the most complete discussion of the surgical treatment, his latest paper having been recently read before the Southern Surgical and Gynecological Congress at Cincinnati. The opportunity at the

KOLMER, JOHN A.; WOODY, SAMUEL S.; MOSHAGE, EMILY L.

1916 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1916.04110100014002

Owing to the frequency of diphtheria and the comparative ease of making bacteriologic examinations in this disease, the laboratory has been freely used as an aid in its diagnosis and management, so that the bacteriology may be considered one of the best developed subjects in the domain of bacteriology. The morphologic, biologic and tinctorial qualities of diphtheria bacilli are so distinctive that with comparatively little experience they are readily detected in properly made cultures, and if diphtheria bacilli were to be found on mucous membranes only in diphtheria and disappeared in a reasonable length of time after the clinical evidences of infection had disappeared, nothing would be simpler or more satisfactory than the bacteriologic diagnosis of the majority of these infections. From a practical standpoint, however, the bacteriologic diagnosis of diphtheria is greatly complicated by reason of the fact that many persons harbor diphtheria-like bacilli in the mucous membranes, particularly

ZINGHER, ABRAHAM

1916 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1916.04110100026003

The practical value that the Schick reaction1 has acquired in the diagnosis of susceptibility or immunity to diphtheria makes it desirable to say a few words about the toxin used in the test, the overneutralized or the heated toxin used in the control test, about the technic of the test, and finally about the interpretation of the reactions. The diphtheria toxin for use in the Schick test consists of a broth culture of the diphtheria bacillus, which has been grown in the thermostat at 37 C. for six days. To kill the living organisms 10 parts of a 5 per cent. solution of phenol (carbolic acid) (0.5 per cent.) are then added, and the bacteria allowed to sediment by keeping the broth culture in the ice box during the following two or three days. The supernatant culture fluid is now passed through a Berkefeld filter, and the clear filtrate

MORSE, JOHN LOVETT

1916 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1916.04110100037004

This study was undertaken because of the difference of opinion which prevails as to what constitutes D'Espine's sign, and because of my impressions that D'Espine's sign is much less often present in the children of the well-to-do than in those of the hospital class, and that, when present in children of this class, it is in a considerable proportion of the cases not a manifestation of tuberculous infection. Six hundred and sixty-six patients, seen in my consultation and office practice during the last three years, form the basis of this study. These children were consecutive, except when for some reason they were unable, or unwilling, to talk, or when, through some oversight, a test was either not made or no record kept of it. The sign was tried for simply as part of the routine physical examination, and at the time the tests were made I had no intention of

RUH, H. O.

1916 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1916.04110100042005

Acrocephalosyndactylie (Apert), acrosphenodactylie (Maygrier) or acrocephalosyndactylism, was first described by Troquart1 in 1886. Since the first description there have been ten other cases noted, namely, those of Beno2 in 1886, Galippe and Magnan3 in 1892. Wheaton,4 two cases, in 1894, Dubrisay5 in 1898, Maygrier6 in 1898, Fournier7 in 1898, Camus8 in 1905, Davis9 in 1915, and Bertolotti and Boidi-Trotti10 in 1915. Two other cases of symmetrical syndactylism with pathological changes in the bones of the head have been described but the descriptions are not of sufficient exactness to allow a diagnosis to be made. These cases are those of Parham11 and Haultain.12 Apert,13 in 1906, described the condition at length, and later Sterling,14 in 1914, in a review of the trophic diseases, deformities and delayed development of the osseous system, collected and reported cases to date

VEEDER, BORDEN S.; JOHNSTON, MEREDITH R.

1916 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1916.04110100052006

As a part of general study of the urine of normal children under different dietetic conditions, a number of urines were studied to determine whether or not ketones and betahydroxybutyric acid were present, and if so, in what quantities. Although discussions of acidosis in childhood, and particularly of pathological conditions in which large amounts of "acetone bodies" appear in the urine are numerous, there are no figures in literature, so far as we know, in regard to the amount of these substances in the urine of "normal" or healthy children. The method used for determining their presence was that of Shaffer, in which the acetone and the aceto-acetic acid are first distilled over, and then the betahydroxybutyric acid oxidized by potassium bichromate and distilled over as acetone. The amount of acetone is then determined by the iodimetric method of Messinger. The children from whom the twenty-four-hour specimens examined were obtained

HESS, ALFRED F.

1916 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1916.04110100055007

About four years ago I undertook a study of icterus neonatorum by means of the duodenal catheter,1 for it seemed as if a method of obtaining bile at the site of entry into the intestine offered advantages over methods hitherto employed. Accordingly a considerable number of infants, some 124 in all, were tested by this means, and observations were made as to the onset of the excretion of bile in the new-born, its relation to the intake of colostrum, and especially as to its association with jaundice. The details of the various cases comprising this investigation will be found in the paper referred to. The results may be broadly summarized in a short table (Table 1). In order to determine the onset of the excretion of bile, tests were carried out day after day for a period of several days on each infant, the aspiration being continued for two

HERRMAN, CHARLES

1916 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1916.04110100060008

Although 144 cases of secondary hypertrophic osteo-arthropathy have been reported, only seven of these occurred in children. The following case, therefore, seems worthy of being reported: REPORT OF CASE History. —B. B., aged 11½. There is no history of tuberculosis or syphilis in the family. The parents have been married twenty-two years and have had eight children. The eldest, now 21 years old, is married and has two healthy children. There have been no deaths and the mother has had no miscarriages or stillbirths. None of the other children have had any symptoms pointing to tuberculous or syphilitic disease of the lungs, bones or lymph nodes. The patient was breast fed for one year, began to walk at the age of 1½ years, and had measles at 2 years. She was always weaker than the other children. When she was 7 years old, the mother noticed that she held her

1916 American journal of diseases of children

doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1916.04110100066009