Binaural Function in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderPillsbury, Harold C.;Grose, John H.;Coleman, William L.;Conners, C. Keith;Hall, Joseph W.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120005001pmid: 7488361
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the basic binaural function of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Design: Case-control study. Measures of binaural function were compared for children with and without ADHD. Subjects: Forty-two children; 26 had ADHD and 16 were normal controls. Interventions: None. Results: For detection tasks, no differences were seen between children with ADHD and controls. For speech recognition tasks, the younger children with ADHD did not perform as well as the controls. Conclusions: Younger children with ADHD might have a reduced processing efficiency for signal recognition in certain types of noise, but not for signal detection.(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1345-1350) References 1. Barkley R. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder . New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1990. 2. Szatmari P, Offord DR, Boyle MH. Ontario Child Health Study: problems of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity . J Child Psychol Psychiatry . 1989; 30:219-230.Crossref 3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Fourth Edition . Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994;78-85. 4. Gascon GG, Johnson R, Burd L. Central auditory processing and attention deficit disorders . J Child Neurol . 1986;1:27-33.Crossref 5. Cook JR, Mausbach T, Burd L, et al. A preliminary study of the relationship between central auditory processing disorder and attention deficit disorder . J Psychiatry Neurosci . 1993;18:130-137. 6. Willeford JA. Assessment of central auditory disorders in children . In: Pinheiro ML, Musick FE, eds. Assessment of Central Auditory Dysfunction . Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1985:239-256. 7. Durlach NI, Colburn HS. Binaural phenomena . In: Carterette EC, Friedman MC, eds. Handbook on Perception . New York, NY: Academic Press; 1978;4:365-466. 8. Hirsh IJ. The influence of interaural phase on interaural summation and inhibition . J Acoust Soc Am . 1948;20:536-544.Crossref 9. Levine MD. The ANSER System . Cambridge, Mass: Educators Publishing Service; 1982. 10. Levine MD. Pediatric Evaluation of Educational Readiness in Middle Childhood . Cambridge, Mass: Educators Publishing Services; 1984. 11. Conners CK. Conners Rating Scales Manual: Instruments for Use With Children . Toronto, Ontario: Multi-Health Systems; 1989. 12. American National Standards Institute. Specifications for Audiometers . New York, NY: American National Standards Institute; 1989; 53.6. 13. Hall JW, Grose JH. The masking-level difference in children . J Am Acad Audiol . 1990;1:81-88. 14. Pillsbury HC, Grose JH, Hall JW. Otitis media with effusion in children: binaural hearing before and after corrective surgery . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1991;117:718-723.Crossref 15. Hall JW, Grose JH. The effect of otitis media with effusion on the masking level difference and the auditory brainstem response . J Speech Hear Res . 1993; 36:210-217. 16. Silva PA, Kirkland C, Simpson A, Stewart IA, Williams SM. Some developmental and behavioral problems associated with bilateral otitis media with effusion . J Learning Disabilities . 1982;15:417-421.Crossref 17. Roberts JE, Burchinal MR, Collier AM. Otitis media in early childhood and cognitive, academic, and classroom performance of the school-aged child . Pediatrics . 1989;83:477-485. 18. Feagans L, Sanyal M, Henderson F, Collier A, Appelbaum M. Relationship of middle ear disease in early childhood to later narrative and attention skills . J Pediatr Psychol . 1987;12:581-594.Crossref 19. Adesman AR, Altshuler LA, Lipkin PH, Walco GA. Otitis media in children with learning disabilities and in children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity . Pediatrics . 1990;85:442-446. 20. Hall JW, Grose JH, Pillsbury HC. Long-term effects of chronic otitis media on binaural hearing in children Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1994;37:1441-1449. 21. Moore DR, Hutchings ME, Meyer SE. Binaural masking level differences in children with a history of otitis media . Audiolology . 1991;30:91-101.Crossref 22. Hutchings ME, Meyer SE, Moore DR. Binaural masking level differences in infants with and without otitis media with effusion . Hear Res . 1992;63:71-78.Crossref 23. Hall JW, and Grose JH. The effect of otitis media with effusion on comodulation masking release in children . J Speech Hear Res . 1994;37:1441-1449. 24. Gravel JS, Wallace IF. Listening and language at 4 years of age: effect of early otitis media . J Speech Hear Res . 1992;35:588-595.
Unilateral Endoscopic Supraglottoplasty for Severe LaryngomalaciaKelly, Steven M.;Gray, Steven D.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120011002pmid: 7488362
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of unilateral supraglottoplasty in the treatment of children with severe laryngomalacia. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Pediatric tertiary referral center. Patients: Eighteen children with severe laryngomalacia. Indications for surgical intervention were obstructive apnea, failure to thrive, cyanosis, and/or cor pulmonale. Interventions: Unilateral carbon dioxide laser removal of redundant supraglottic tissue (supraglottoplasty). Outcome Measures: Evaluation of relief of symptoms, need for subsequent contralateral procedure, and incidence of complications. Results: Three patients required treatment of the opposite side at a later date. There were no complications. Obstructive apnea and weight gain improved in all. Conclusions: Unilateral supraglottoplasty can be used to treat severe laryngomalacia in most patients. A small percentage of patients will subsequently require a contralateral procedure. Unilateral supraglottoplasty may have less risk of complications than bilateral supraglottoplasty.(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1351-1354) References 1. Lane RW, Weider DJ, Steinem C, Marin-Padilla M. Laryngomalacia: a review and case report of surgical treatment with resolution of pectus excavatum . Arch Otolaryngol . 1984;110:546-551.Crossref 2. Holinger PH. Clinical aspects of congenital anomalies of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and esophagus . J Laryngol Otol . 1961;75:1-44.Crossref 3. Belmont JR, Grundfast K. Congenital laryngeal stridor (laryngomalacia): etiologic factors and associated disorders . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1984;93: 430-437. 4. Seid AB, Park SM, Kearns MJ, Gugenheim S. Laser division of the aryepiglottic folds for severe laryngomalacia . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 1985;10: 153-158.Crossref 5. Zalzal GH, Anon JB, Cotton RT. Epiglottoplasty for the treatment of laryngomalacia . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1987;96:72-76. 6. Solomons NB, Prescott CAJ. Laryngomalacia: a review and the surgical management for severe cases . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 1987;13:31-39.Crossref 7. Kavanagh KT, Babin RW. Endoscopic surgical management for laryngomalacia: case report and review of the literature . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1987; 96:650-653. 8. Holinger LD, Konior RJ. Surgical management of severe laryngomalacia . Laryngoscope . 1989;99:136-142. 9. Polonovski JM, Contencin P, Francois M, Viala P, Narcy P. Aryepiglottic fold excision for the treatment of severe laryngomalacia . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1990;99:625-627. 10. Katin LI, Tucker JA. Laser supra-arytenoidectomy for laryngomalacia with apnea . Trans Pa Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol . 1990;42:985-988. 11. Jani P, Koltai P, Ochi JW, Bailey CM. Surgical treatment of laryngomalacia . J Laryngol Otol . 1991;105:1040-1045.Crossref 12. Prescott CAJ. The current status of corrective surgery for laryngomalacia . Am J Otolaryngol . 1991;12:230-235.Crossref 13. Zeitouni A, Manoukian J. Epiglottoplasty in the treatment of laryngomalacia . J Otolaryngol . 1993;22:29-33. 14. Marcus CL, Crockett DM, Davidson SL. Evaluation of epiglottoplasty as treatment for severe laryngomalacia . J Pediatr . 1990;117:706-710.Crossref
Extraluminal Laryngotracheal Fixation With Absorbable MiniplatesWillner, Ayal;Saul,
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120016003pmid: 7488363
Abstract Objective: To determine if miniplates made of polydioxanone can be used successfully for extraluminal laryngotracheal fixation. Design: Twelve rabbits underwent anterior and posterior laryngotracheofissure with extraluminal fixation of the divided segments with polydioxanone miniplates. Three control animals did not undergo plating. Animals were killed after 2, 4, and 12 weeks. Larynges were removed and examined to determine the intraluminal area and histologic status of the repair site. Results: The intraluminal area of the animals in the experimental group was 1.6 times that of those in the control group. The trachea was relined with respiratory mucosa by 2 weeks. Little inflammatory reaction was evident. Plate resorption was almost complete at 12 weeks. Conclusion: Polydioxanone plating is a feasible and well-tolerated method of extraluminal laryngotracheal fixation. It may be useful in the treatment of grade 2 or 3 subglottic stenosis.(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1356-1360) References 1. McDonald IH, Stocks J. Prolonged nasotracheal intubation . Br J Anaesth . 1965; 37:161-167.Crossref 2. Willner A, Gereau SE. Reconstruction of the pediatric airway with an open stented tracheotomy tube . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 1994;28:205-211.Crossref 3. Cotton RT, Seid AB. Management of the extubation problem in the premature child . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1980;89:508-511. 4. Cotton RT, Myer CM, Bratcher GO, Fitton CM. Anterior cricoid split: 1977-1987 . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1988;114:1300-1302.Crossref 5. Zalzal GH, Deutsch E. External fixation using microplates after laryngotracheal expansion surgery . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1991;117:155-159.Crossref 6. Zalzal GH, Cotton RT, McAdams AJ. The survival of costal cartilage graft in laryngotracheal reconstruction . Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1986;94:204-211. 7. Hubbell RN, Zalzal GH, Cotton RT, et al. Irradiated costal cartilage graft in experimental laryngotracheal reconstruction . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 1988; 15:67-72.Crossref 8. Albert DM, Cotton RT, Conn P. The use of alcohol stored cartilage in experimental laryngotracheal reconstruction . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 1989; 18:147-155.Crossref 9. Zalzal GH, Barber CS, Chandra R. Tracheal reconstruction using irradiated homologous grafts in rabbits . Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1989;100:119-125. 10. Albert DM, Cotton RT, Conn P. Effect of laryngeal stenting in a rabbit model . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1990;99:108-111. 11. Adriaansen FCPM, Verwoerd-Verhoef HL, Van der Heul RO, et al. A histologic study of the growth of the subglottis after endolaryngeal trauma . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 1986;12:205-215.Crossref 12. Cotton RT. The problem of pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis: a clinical and experimental study on the efficacy of autogenous cartilaginous grafts placed between the vertically divided halves of the posterior lamina of the cricoid cartilage . Laryngoscope . 1991;101( (suppl) )6-7.Crossref 13. Rethi A. An operation for cicatricial stenosis of the larynx . J Laryngol Otol . 1956;70:283-293.Crossref 14. Cotton RT. Management of subglottic stenosis in infancy and childhood . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1978;87:649-657. 15. Cotton RT. Pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction: operative techniques in otolaryngology—head and neck surgery . Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1992;3: 165-172. 16. Lazar RH, Younis RT. Single-stage reconstruction of subglottic stenosis. Presented at the annual meeting of the Triological Society; January 14, 1994; Marco Island, Fla. 17. Lusk RP, Gray S, Muntz HR. Single-stage laryngotracheal reconstruction . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1991;117:171-173.Crossref 18. Gianoli GJ, Miller RH, Guarisco JL. Tracheotomy in the first year of life . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1990;99:896-901. 19. Zalzal GH. Use of stents in laryngotracheal reconstruction in children: indications, technical considerations, and complications . Laryngoscope . 1988;98: 849-854.Crossref
The Effects of Selective Nerve Stimulation on Upper Airway Airflow MechanicsEisele, David W.;Schwartz, Alan R.;Hari, Anil;Thut, David C.;Smith, Philip L.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120021004pmid: 7488364
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of electrical stimulation of hypoglossal nerve branches and ansa cervicalis nerve branches on upper airway patency. Design: Pressure-flow relationships obtained during supramaximal stimulation of hypoglossal nerve branches and ansa cervicalis nerve branches were analyzed in the isolated feline upper airway to determine the maximum inspiratory airflow as well as to determine pharyngeal collapsibility (upper airway critical pressure) and nasal resistance upstream from the site of pharyngeal collapse. Comparisons were performed between baseline and stimulation conditions with paired two-tailed t tests. Results: Stimulation of the proximal hypoglossal nerve trunk, distal medial hypoglossal nerve branch, nerve branches to the suprahyoid muscles, the infrahyoid muscles, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles simultaneously increased maximum inspiratory airflow significantly by decreasing airway collapsibility. A greater reduction in airway collapsibility was observed with stimulation of the tongue muscles compared with stimulation of the strap muscles. Conclusions: Stimulation of specific hypoglossal and ansa cervicalis nerve branches consistently increased maximum inspiratory airflow by decreasing airway collapsibility. The major decrease in airway collapsibility from hypoglossal nerve stimulation is dependent on the action of the genioglossus muscle.(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1361-1364) References 1. Remmers JE, deGroot WJ, Sauerland EK, Anch AM. Pathogenesis of upper airway occlusion during sleep . J Appl Physiol . 1978;44:931-938. 2. Permutt S, Riley RL. Hemodynamics of collapsible vessels with tone: the vascular waterfall . J Appl Physiol . 1963;18:924-932. 3. Smith PL, Wise RA, Gold RA, et al. Upper airway pressure: flow relationships in obstructive sleep apnea . J Appl Physiol . 1988;64:789-795. 4. Schwartz AR, Smith PL, Wise RA, et al. The induction of upper airway occlusion in normal sleep individuals with subatmospheric nasal pressure . J Appl Physiol . 1988;64:535-542. 5. Gleadhill IC, Schwartz AR, Wise RA, et al. Upper airway collapsibility in snorers and in patients with obstructive hypopnea and apnea . Am Rev Respir Dis . 1991;143:1300-1303.Crossref 6. Schwartz AR, Thut DC, Russ B, et al. Effect of electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve on airflow mechanics in the isolated upper airway . Am Rev Respir Dis . 1993;147:1144-1150.Crossref 7. Abd-el-Malek S. A contribution to the study of the movements of the tongue in animals with special reference to the cat . J Anat . 1938;73:15-30. 8. Strohl KP, Wolin AD, Van Lunteren E, Fouke JM. Assessment of muscle action on upper airway stability in anesthetized dogs . J Lab Clin Med . 1987;110:221-230. 9. Roberts JL, Reed WR, Thach BT. Pharyngeal airway—stabilizing function of sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles in the rabbit . J Appl Physiol . 1984;57: 1790-1795. 10. Kirsten EB, St John WM. A feline decerebration technique with low mortality and long-term homeostasis . J Pharmacol Methods . 1978;1:263-268.Crossref 11. Miki H, Hida W, Chonan T, et al. Effects of submental stimulation during sleep on upper airway patency in patients with obstructive sleep apnea . Am Rev Respir Dis . 1989;140:1285-1289.Crossref 12. Fairbanks DW, Fairbanks DNF. Neurostimulation for obstructive sleep apnea: investigations . ENT J . 1993;72:52-57.
Midfacial Fractures in Pediatric Patients: Frequency, Characteristics, and CausesIizuka, Tateyuki;Thorén, Hanna;Annino, Donald J.;Hallikainen, Dorrit;Lindqvist, Christian
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120026005pmid: 7488365
Abstract Objective: To determine the frequency, characteristics, and causes of midfacial fractures in children. Design: A retrospective review of the patients' medical charts and radiographs. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: Fifty-four patients under 16 years of age, with midfacial fractures diagnosed and treated in the Helsinki (Finland) University Central Hospital from 1980 through 1992. Main Outcome Measurements: The data examined included sex, age, time and cause of the accident, type and location of the fractures, the presence and location of associated injuries, complications, and treatment methods. Results: The male-to-female ratio was 1.16:1. Motorvehicle accident was the most common cause of injuries. The frequency of injuries was in decreasing order: (1) maxillary alveolar bone, (2) zygoma, and (3) Le Fort fractures of the maxilla. The majority of injuries occurred in subjects who were 13 to 15 years old. In children less than 6 years old, only alveolar fractures occurred. For the other age groups, no significant difference in the fracture pattern was found. No fatalities occurred in this patient series. Conclusions: Midfacial pediatric fractures are rare. A high velocity force, such as that from a motor-vehicle accident is a factor producing the injury. Owing to the high impact, associated injuries are common. The severity of the insult is more essential than the age of the patient and the development of the paranasal sinuses.(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1366-1371) References 1. Hagan EH, Huelke DF. An analysis of 319 case reports of mandibular fractures . J Oral Surg . 1961:19:93-104. 2. Rowe NL. Fractures of the facial skeleton in children . J Oral Surg . 1968;26: 505-515.Crossref 3. Oikarinen V, Malmström M. Jaw fractures . Proc Finn Dent Soc . 1969;65( (suppl) ): 95-111. 4. Kaban LB, Mulliken JB, Murray JE. Facial fractures in children . Plast Reconstr Surg . 1977;59:15-20.Crossref 5. Bales CR, Randall P, Lehr H. Fractures of the facial bones in children . J Trauma . 1972;12:56-65.Crossref 6. Bochlogyros PN. A retrospective study of 1521 mandibular fractures . J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 1985;43:597-599.Crossref 7. Ellis E, Moos KF, El-Attar A. Ten years of mandibular fractures: an analysis of 2137 cases . Oral Surg . 1985;59:120-129.Crossref 8. de Amaratunga SNA. Mandibular fractures in children: a study of clinical aspects, treatment needs, and complications . J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 1988;46: 637-640.Crossref 9. Khan AA. A retrospective study of injuries to the maxillofacial skeleton in Harare, Zimbabwe . Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 1988;26:435-439.Crossref 10. Cook HE, Rowe M. A retrospective study of 356 midfacial fractures occurring in 255 patients . J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 1990;48:574-578.Crossref 11. Thorén H, lizuka T, Hallikainen D, Lindqvist C. Different patterns of mandibular fractures in children: an analysis of 220 fractures in 157 patients . J Craniomaxillofac Surg . 1992;20:292-296.Crossref 12. Andersson L, Hultin M, Kjellman O, Nordenram A, Ramström G. Jaw fractures in the county of Stockholm (1978-1980) . Swed Dent J . 1989;13:201-207. 13. Zachariades N, Papavassiliou D, Koumoura F. Fractures of the facial skeleton in children . J Craniomaxillofac Surg . 1990;18:151-153.Crossref 14. Stylogianni L, Arsenopoulos A, Patrikiou A. Fractures of the facial skeleton in children . Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 1991;29:9-11.Crossref 15. Güven O. Fractures of the maxillofacial region in children . J Craniomaxillofac Surg . 1992;20:244-247.Crossref 16. Hurme VO. Ranges of normalcy in the eruption of permanent teeth . ASDC J Dent Child . 1949;16:11-15. 17. Haavikko K. The formation and the alveolar and clinical eruption of the permanent teeth: an orthopantomographic study . Proc Finn Dent Soc . 1970;66: 103-170. 18. Fortunato MA, Fielding AF, Guernsey LH. Facial bone fractures in children . Oral Surg . 1982;53:225-230.Crossref 19. McGraw BL, Cole RR. Pediatric maxillofacial trauma . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1990;116:41-45.Crossref
Orbital Fractures in ChildrenKoltai, Peter J.;Amjad, Ibrahim;Meyer, Dale;Feustel, Paul J.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120033006pmid: 7488366
Abstract Objective: To determine if the pattern of orbital fractures may be influenced by the changing craniofacial ratio of the growing child, as the orbit is the boundary between the face and the cranium. Design: Retrospective case series of 40 patients between the ages of 1 year and 16 years with orbital fractures. Setting: The Albany (NY) Medical Center Hospital, a tertiary level 1 trauma center. Outcome measures: The sex, age, site, and mechanism of injury, associated injury, and treatment methods for children admitted to the Albany Medical Center Hospital with orbital fractures between July 1986 and June 1992. Results: Fourteen children had fractures of the orbital roof, 10 children had fractures of the orbital floor, 14 children had mixed fractures, and two children had fractures of the medial wall. The mean age (4.8±3.3 years) of the 14 patients with roof fractures was significantly less than the mean age (12.0±4.2 years) of the 26 children with other orbital fractures. Logistic regression demonstrated that the age at which the probability of lower orbital fractures exceeds the probability of orbital roof fractures is 7.1± 1.0 years. Orbital roof fractures had a significantly greater likelihood of associated neurocranial injuries. The need for surgical repair was significantly lower among children with roof fractures as well as among children 7 years of age and younger. Conclusions: Orbital roof fractures are a type of skull fracture that occur primarily in younger children as a consequence of the proportionally larger cranium and the lack of frontal sinus pneumatization. Lower orbital fractures are a type of facial fracture that occur primarily in older children as a consequence of the increased vulnerability of the face due to growth and the pneumatization of the paranasal sinuses.(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1375-1379) References 1. Koltai PJ. Maxillofacial injuries in children . In Smith JD, Bumstead R, eds. Pediatric Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery . New York, NY: Raven Press; 1993:283-316. 2. Rowe NL. Fracture of the facial skeleton in children . J Oral Surg . 1967;26: 505-515. 3. Kaban LB. Diagnosis and treatment of fractures of the facial bones in children 1943-1993 . J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 1993;51:722-729.Crossref 4. Gussack GS, Lutterman A, Rodgers K, Powell RW, Ramenofsky ML. Pediatric maxillofacial trauma: unique features in diagnosis and treatment . Laryngoscope . 1987;97:925-930.Crossref 5. Fortunato MA, Fielding AF, Gurensey LH. Facial bone fractures in children . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol . 1982;53:225-231.Crossref 6. McGraw BL, Cole RR. Pediatric maxillofacial trauma . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1990;116:41-45.Crossref 7. Hall RK. Injuries of the face and jaws in children . Int J Oral Surg . 1972;1:65-75.Crossref 8. Kaban LB, Mulliken JB, Murray JE. Facial fractures in children: an analysis of 122 fractures in 109 patients . Plast Reconstr Surg . 1977;59:15-20.Crossref 9. Posnick JC, Wells M, Pron GE. Pediatric facial fractures: evolving patterns of treatment . J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 1993;51:836-844.Crossref 10. Thaller SR, Huang V. Midfacial fractures in the pediatric population . Ann Plast Surg . 1992;29:348-352.Crossref 11. Messinger A, Radkowski MA, Greenwald MJ, Pensler JM. Orbital roof fractures in the pediatric population . Plast Reconstr Surg . 1989;84:213-216.Crossref 12. Gruss JS. Orbital roof fractures in the pediatric population . Plast Reconstr Surg . 1989;84:217-218.Crossref 13. Antonyshyn O, Gruss JS, Kassel EE. Blow-in fractures of the orbit . Plast Reconstr Surg . 1989;84:10-20.Crossref 14. Kulwin DR, Leadbetter MG. Orbital rim trauma causing a blow-out fracture . Plast Reconstr Surg . 1984;66:969-970.Crossref 15. Raflo TG. Blow-in and blow-out fractures of the orbit: clinical correlations and proposed mechanisms . Ophthalmic Surg . 1984;15:114-119. 16. Smith B, Regan WF. Blow-out fracture of the orbit . Am J Ophthalmol . 1957; 44:733-739. 17. Fujino T, Makino K. Entrapment mechanism and ocular injury in orbital blowout fracture . Plast Reconstr Surg . 1980;65:571-574.Crossref 18. Anderson RL, Panje WR, Gross CE. Optic nerve blindness following blunt forehead trauma . Ophthalmology . 1982;89:445-455.Crossref 19. Converse JM. Facial injuries in children . In: Kazanjian VH, Converse JM, eds. The Surgical Treatment of Facial Injuries . 2nd ed. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1959:299-315. 20. Endlow DH. Facial Growth . 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1990: 1-24. 21. Morin JD, Hill JC, Anderson JE, Grainger RM. A study of growth in the inter-orbital region . Am J Ophthalmol . 1963;56:895-901. 22. Onodi A. Accessory Sinuses of the Nose in Children . New York, NY: William Wood & Co; 1911:plates 4-90.
Management of Posterior Laryngeal and Laryngotracheoesophageal CleftsEvans, Kathryn L.;Courteney-Harris, Robert;Bailey, C. Martin;Evans, John N. G.;Parsons, David S.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120038007pmid: 7488367
Abstract Objective: To review the clinical features, associated congenital abnormalities, management, and morbidity of infants presenting with posterior laryngeal and laryngotracheal clefts. Design: Case series. Setting: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children NHS Trust, London, England. Patients: Consecutive sample of 44 patients presenting with posterior laryngeal and laryngotracheal clefts between December 10, 1979, and January 30, 1992. Main Outcome Measures: Clinical features, incidence of surgery, and associated morbidity and mortality related to different types of airway cleft. Results: The main presenting features were stridor and aspiration, which were more evident with the more extensive clefts. Twenty-five patients (56%) had associated congenital abnormalities. Fourteen patients (32%) were treated conservatively. Sixteen patients (36%) underwent primary endoscopic surgical repair. Eight patients (18%) underwent primary repair via an anterior laryngofissure; and six patients (14%) underwent primary repair via a lateral pharyngotomy. Eight patients (18%) required revision surgery, two (4%) of them on more than one occasion. Ten patients (23%) required fundoplication to control gastroesophageal reflux. Six patients (14%) died. Conclusions: The identification of an airway cleft requires a high index of suspicion. Morbidity and mortality are reduced by securing the airway, controlling gastroesophageal reflux, and using a multidisciplinary pediatric team. We recommend the anterior laryngofissure because of the ease of surgical access.(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1380-1385) References 1. Pettersson G. Inhibited separation of the larynx and the upper part of the trachea from the esophagus in a newborn: report of a case successfully operated upon . Eur J Surg Suppl (Stockh) .1955;110:250-254. 2. Armitage EN. Laryngotracheo-oesophageal cleft . Anaesthesia . 1984;39:706-713.Crossref 3. Evans JNG. Management of the cleft larynx and tracheoesophageal clefts . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1985;94:627-630. 4. Benjamin B, Inglis A. Minor congenital laryngeal clefts: diagnosis and classification . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1989;98:417-420. 5. Cohen SR. Cleft larynx: a report of seven cases . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1975; 84:747-756. 6. East MR. The developmental anatomy of the larynx . Otolaryngol Clin North Am . 1970;3:413-438. 7. Welch RG, Hussain OAN. Atresia of the oesophagus with common tracheoesophageal tube . Arch Dis Child . 1958;33:367-370.Crossref 8. Lim TA, Spanter SS, Kohut RI. Laryngeal clefts: a histopathologic study and review . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1979;88:837-845. 9. Zachary RB, Emery JL. Failure of separation of larynx and trachea from oesophagus: persistent oesophagotrachea . Surgery . 1961;49:525-529. 10. Delahunty JE, Cherry J. Congenital laryngeal cleft . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1969;78:96-106. 11. Felman AH, Talbert JL. Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft . Radiology . 1972;103: 641-644.Crossref 12. Frates RE. Roentgen signs in laryngo-tracheoesophageal cleft . Radiology . 1967; 88:484-486.Crossref 13. Bell DW, Smith TE, Christiansen TA, et al. Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft: the anterior approach . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1977;86:616-622. 14. Myer CM, Cotton RT, Holmes DK, Jackson RK. Laryngeal and laryngotracheoesophageal clefts: role of early surgical repair . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1990; 99:98-104. 15. Holinger LD, Tansek KM, Tucker GF Jr. Cleft larynx with airway obstruction . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1985;94:622-626. 16. Cohen SR. Posterior cleft larynx associated with hamartoma . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1984;93:443-446. 17. Tyler DT. Laryngeal cleft: report of eight patients and a review of the literature . Am J Med Genet . 1985;21:62-75.Crossref 18. Robie DK, Pearl RH, Gonsales C, Restuccia RD, Hoffman MA. Operative strategy for recurrent laryngeal cleft: a case report and review of the literature . J Pediatr Surg . 1991;26:971-974.Crossref 19. Berkovits RNP, Bax NMA, van der Schans EJ. Surgical treatment of congenital laryngotracheo-oesophageal cleft . Prog Pediatr Surg . 1987;21:36-46. 20. Froehlich P, Truy E, Stamm D, Morgon A, Floret D, Chappuis JP. Cleft larynx: managment and one-stage surgical repair by anterior translaryngotracheal approach on two children . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 1993;27:73-78.Crossref 21. Jahrsdoerfer RA, Kirchner JA, Thaler SU. Cleft larynx . Arch Otolaryngol . 1967; 86:108-1134.Crossref 22. Roth B, Rose KG, Benz-Bohm G, Gunther H. Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft, clinical features, diagnosis and therapy . Eur J Pediatr . 1983;140:41-46.Crossref 23. Donahoe PK, Gee PE. Complete laryngotracheoesophageal cleft: management and repair . J Pediatr Surg . 1987;22:197-199.Crossref 24. Wolfson PJ, Schloss MD, Guttman FM, Ngyuen L. Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft . Arch Surg . 1984;119:228-230.Crossref 25. Cotton RT, Schreiber JT. Management of laryngotracheoesophageal cleft . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1981;90:401-405.
Task Force on Recurrent Respiratory Papillomas: A Preliminary ReportDerkay, Craig S.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120044008pmid: 7488368
Abstract Objective: To obtain pilot data about the incidence, need for surgical intervention, and demographics of recurrent respiratory papillomas in the United States. Design: Otolaryngologists were surveyed using a questionnaire with structured and open-ended questions. Participants: One thousand board-certified otolaryngologists practicing in the United States as of January 1, 1993, through a random mailing list provided by the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery and all active US members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology and the American Bronchoesophagological Association. A total of 1346 questionnaires were distributed. Main Outcome Measures: Physician's responses to questions about their current patient load of children and adults with recurrent respiratory papillomas, their surgical and anesthetic management of the disease, and their clinical experiences with risk factors for developing recurrent respiratory papillomas. Results: Projected totals for recurrent respiratory papillomas among children were 2354 new cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 1448 to 3260) and 5970 active cases (95% CI, 3465 to 8474), requiring 16 597 surgical procedures (95% CI, 6938 to 26 255) at a cost of $109 million (95% CI, $45 to $172 million) for March 1, 1993 to March 31, 1994. Projected totals for adult recurrent respiratory papillomas were 3623 new cases (95% CI, 2359 to 4887) and 9015 active cases (95% CI, 6435 to 11 591) requiring 9284 surgical procedures (95% CI, 6003 to 12 565) at a cost of $42 million (95% CI, $27 to $59 million) for March 1, 1993 to March 31, 1994. The incidence of recurrent respiratory papillomas among children is estimated at 4.3 per 100 000; among adults, 1.8 per 100 000. The carbon dioxide laser was favored by 92% of respondents. No consensus was reached on the role for cesarean section. Forty-six percent of respondents favored the use of a laser-safe endotracheal tube for anesthetic management. Conclusion: A registry of patients with recurrent respiratory papillomas would benefit future research protocols and provide long-term follow-up of patients.(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1386-1391) References 1. Jones S, Myers G. Benign neoplasms of the larynx . Otolaryngol Clin North Am . 1985;17: (1) :151-178. 2. Morgan AH, Zitsch RP. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children: a retrospective study of management and complications . Ear Nose Throat J . 1986; 65:19-28. 3. Strong MS, Vaughan CW, Healy GB, Cooperband SR, Clemente MCAP. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: management with the CO2 laser . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1976;85:508-516. 4. Kashima HK, Shah F, Lyles A, et al. A comparison of risk factors in juvenileonset and adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomas . Laryngoscope . 1992; 102:9-13. 5. Kashima HK, Mounts P, Levanthal B, Hruban RH. Sites of predilection in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1993:102( (8) pt 1):580-583. 6. Abramson AL, Steinberg BM, Winkler B. Laryngeal papillomatosis: clinical, histopathologic and molecular studies . Laryngoscope . 1987;97:678-685.Crossref 7. Corbitt G, Zarod AP, Arrend JR, Longson M, Farrington WT. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes associated with laryngeal papilloma . J Clin Pathol . 1988;41:284-288.Crossref 8. Quiney RG, Wells M, Lewis FA, Terry RM, Michaels L, Croft CB. Laryngeal papillomatosis: correlation between severity of disease and presence of HPV 6 and 11 detected by in situ DNA hybridization . J Clin Pathol . 1989;42:694-698.Crossref 9. Dickens P, Srivastava G, Loke SL, Larkin S. Human papillomavirus type 6, 11 and 16 in laryngeal papillomas . J Clin Pathol . 1991;165:243-246. 10. Lindeberg H, Syrjänen S, Karja J, Syrjänen K. Human papillomavirus type 11 DNA in squamous cell carcinoma and preexisting multiple papillomas . Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) . 1989;107:1-9.Crossref 11. Mounts P, Shah KV. Respiratory papillomatosis: etiological relation to genital tract papillomas . Prog Med Virol . 1984;29:90-114. 12. Cohen SR, Geller KA, Seltzer S, Thompson JW. Papilloma of the larynx and tracheobronchial tree in children: a retrospective study . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1980;89:497-503. 13. Terry RM, Lewis FA, Griffiths S, Wells M, Bird CC. Demonstration of human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 in juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis by in-situ DNA hybridization . J Pathol . 1987;153:245-248.Crossref 14. Kashima HK, Kessis T, Mounts P, Shah K. Polymerase chain reaction identification of human papillomavirus DNA in CO2 laser plume from recurrent respiratory papillomatosis . Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1991;104:191-195. 15. Rihkaren H, Aaltonen LM, Syrjänen SM. Human papillomavirus in laryngeal papillomas and in adjacent normal epithelium . Clin Otolaryngol . 1993;18:470-474.Crossref 16. Cook TA, Brunchswig JP, Butel JS, Cohn AM, Goepfert H, Rawls WE. Laryngeal papilloma: etiologic and therapeutic considerations . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1973;82:649-655. 17. Strong MS, Vaughn CW, Healy GD. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis . In: Healy GB, ed. Laryngo-Tracheo Problems in the Pediatric Patient . Springfield, III: Charles C Thomas Publisher; 1979:88-98. 18. Quick CA, Kryzek RA, Watt SL, Faras AJ. Relationship between condylomata and laryngeal papillomata clinical and molecular virological evidence . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1980;89:467-471. 19. Hallden C, Majmudar B. The relationship between juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis and maternal condylomata acuminata . J Reprod Med . 1986;31:804-807. 20. Quick CA, Farris A, Kryzek R. The etiology of laryngeal papillomatosis . Laryngoscope . 1978;88:1789-1795. 21. Shah K, Kashima H, Polk BF, Shah F, Abbey H, Abramson A. Rarity of cesarean delivery in cases of juvenile onset respiratory papillomatosis . Obstet Gynecol . 1986;68:795-799. 22. Lindeberg H, Elbrond O. Laryngeal papillomas: the epidemiology in a Danish subpopulation 1965-1984 . Clin Otolaryngol . 1991;15:125-131.Crossref 23. Bennett RS, Powell KR. Human papillomavirus: association between laryngeal papillomas and genital warts . Pediatr Infect Dis J . 1987;6:229-232.Crossref 24. Levy PS, Lemeshow S. Simply for Health Professionals . Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Publishing Co; 1980. 25. Rimell F, Maisel R, Dayton V. In situ hybridization and laryngeal papillomas . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1992;101:119-126. 26. Smith EM, Johnson SR, Pignatari S, Cripe TP, Turek L. Perinatal vertical transmission of human papillomavirus and subsequent development of respiratory tract papillomatosis . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1991;100:479-483. 27. Sedlacek TV, Lindeheim S, Elder C, et al. Mechanism for human papillomavirus transmission at birth . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1989;161:55-59.Crossref 28. Tseng CJ, Lin CY, Wang RL, et al. Possible transplacental transmission of human papillomaviruses . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1992;166:35-40.Crossref 29. Lindeberg H, Elbrond O. Laryngeal papillomas: clinical aspects in a series of 231 patients . Clin Otolaryngol . 1989;14:333-342.Crossref 30. Cole RR, Myer CM, Cotton RT. Tracheotomy in children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis . Head Neck . 1989;11:226-230.Crossref 31. Levanthal B, Kashima HK, Mounts P. Long-term response of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis to treatment of lymphoblastoid interferon alpha-n1 . N Engl J Med . 1991;325:613-617.Crossref
Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors of the Head and NeckJones, Jacqueline E.;McGill, Trevor
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120050009pmid: 7488369
Abstract Objective: Primitive neuroectodermal tumor is a malignant small round cell tumor of neuroectodermal origin. The occurrence of these tumors in the head and neck is rare. Our objective is to document the frequency of presentation, methods of diagnosis, and forms of treatment used to combat primitive neuroectodermal tumors in the head and neck. Design: Retrospective chart review. Results: The most common location for primitive neuroectodermal tumors in our series was the thoracopulmonary region (46%); the next most common location was the head and neck (42%). Metastatic disease was present in 31% of patients at the time of diagnosis. Cytogenic analysis was found to be helpful in confirming the diagnosis of primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Therapy for primitive neuroectodermal tumors included surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Survival statistics were poor, with 65% of the patients alive at 2 years' follow-up. Conclusions: Primitive neuroectodermal tumor is an aggressive malignant small round cell tumor that may present in the head and neck. Long-term survival for patients with primitive neuroectodermal tumor is still poor; however, the use of improved chemotherapeutic agents combined with aggressive surgical control of primary disease and, in some cases, radiation therapy should lead to improved long-term survival.(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1392-1395) References 1. Stout AP. A tumor of the ulnar nerve . Proc N Y Pathol Soc . 1918;18:2-12. 2. Askin FB, Rosai J, Sibley RK, Dehner LP, McAlister WH. Malignant small cell tumor of the thoracopulmonary region in childhood: a distinctive clinicopathologic entity of uncertain histogenesis . Cancer . 1979;43:2438-2451.Crossref 3. Israel M, Miser J, Triche T, Kinsella T. Neuroepithelial tumors . In: Pizzo PA, Poplack DG, eds. Principles and Practices of Pediatric Oncology . Philadelphia, Pa: JB Lippincott; 1989:623-634. 4. Ashwal S, Hinshaw D. CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumors of childhood . Med Pediatr Oncol . 1984;12:180-188.Crossref 5. Jurgens H, Bier V, Harma D, Beck J. Malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumors: a retrospective analysis of 42 patients . Cancer . 1988;61:349-357.Crossref 6. Moerman P, Goddeeris P, Fryns J, Lauweryns J. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor: a newly recognized cause of early fetal death . Pediatr Pathol . 1985;4: 137-141.Crossref 7. Dehner L. Peripheral and central primitive neuroectodermal tumors: a nosologic concept seeking a consensus . Arch Pathol Lab Med . 1986;110:997-1005. 8. Chowdhury K, Manoukian J, Rochou L, Bejin L. Extracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the head and neck . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1990;116:475-478.Crossref 9. Kahn HJ, Thormer PS. Monoclonal antibody MBL: a potential marker for Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors . Pediatr Pathol . 1989;9:153-162.Crossref 10. Kushner BH, Haydu S, Gulati SC. Extracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumors . Cancer . 1991;67:1825-1826.Crossref 11. Fletcher J, Kozakewich H, Hoffer F, et al. Diagnostic relevance of clonal cytogenetic aberration in malignant soft tissue tumors . N Engl J Med . 1991;324: 436-443.Crossref 12. Altman N, Fitz C. Radiologic characteristics of primitive neuroectodermal tumors in children . AJNR Am J Neuroradiol . 1985;6:15-18. 13. Miller JS, Kinsella T, Triche T, et al. Treatment of peripheral neurepitheliums in children and young adults . J Clin Oncol . 1987;5:1752-1758. 14. Shamberger R, Gier H, Weinstein H, et al. Chest wall tumors in infancy and childhood . Cancer . 1989;63:774-785.Crossref
Eosinophilia in Chronic Childhood SinusitisBaroody, Fuad M.;Hughes, C. Anthony;McDowell, Philip;Hruban, Ralph;Zinreich, S. James;Naclerio, Robert M.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120054010pmid: 7488370
Abstract Objectives: To quantify eosinophilia in sinus tissues obtained from children with chronic sinusitis and to correlate the degree of eosinophilia with history of asthma, allergy, cystic fibrosis, and preoperative computed tomographic (CT) scans. Design: Examination of surgical specimens from children who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery and controls. Setting: Tertiary care medical center. Patients: Thirty-four children who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis refractory to medical treatment were divided into three groups: 13 with asthma, 11 without asthma, and 10 with cystic fibrosis. Normal sphenoid sinus mucosa was also obtained from six adults undergoing transsphenoidal hypophysectomies. Main Outcome Measures: Number of lamina propria and intraepithelial eosinophils in surgical specimens, allergic status, presence or absence of asthma, and CT scans obtained preoperatively. Results: There were significantly more lamina propria and intraepithelial eosinophils in the tissue of children with chronic sinusitis compared with normal sphenoid sinus mucosa. More eosinophils were counted in the tissues of patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis compared with patients without concomitant disease, but this did not reach statistical significance. Allergy status did not affect the degree of tissue eosinophilia. Eosinophilia did not correlate with severity of mucosal disease as assessed by CT scans. Conclusions: Tissue eosinophilia is a characteristic histologic feature of chronic sinusitis in children, especially those with asthma. The presence of allergy does not predict tissue eosinophilia. Furthermore, the degree of tissue eosinophilia does not correlate with the severity of mucosal thickening seen on CT scans.(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1396-1402) References 1. NIH Data Book 1990 . Bethesda, Md: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1990:Table 44. Publication 90-1261. 2. Wald ER, Guerra N, Byers C. Upper respiratory tract infection in young children: duration of and frequency of complications . Pediatrics . 1991;87:129-133. 3. Slavin RG. Sinusitis in adults and its relation to allergic rhinitis, asthma, and nasal polyps . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1988;82:950-956.Crossref 4. Nguyen KL, Corbett ML, Garcia DP, et al. Chronic sinusitis among pediatric patients with chronic respiratory complaints . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1993; 92:824-830.Crossref 5. Rachelefsky G, Goldberg M, Kutz R, et al. Sinus disease in children with respiratory allergy . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1978;61:310-314.Crossref 6. Benninger M. Rhinitis, sinusitis and their relationships to allergies . Am J Rhinol . 1992;6:37-43.Crossref 7. Grove R, Farrior J. Chronic hyperplastic sinusitis in allergic patients: a bacteriologic study of two hundred operative cases . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1990: 11:271-276. 8. Friedman W. Surgery for chronic hyperplastic rhinosinusitis . Laryngoscope . 1975;85:199-211. 9. Amodio JB, Berdon WE, Abramson S, et al. Cystic fibrosis in childhood: pulmonary, paranasal sinus and skeletal manifestations . Semin Roentgenol . 1987; 22:125-135.Crossref 10. April MM, Zinreich SJ, Baroody FM, Naclerio RM. Coronal CT scan abnormalities in children with chronic sinusitis . Laryngoscope . 1993;103:985-990.Crossref 11. Harlin SL, Ansel DG, Lane SR, Myers J, Kephart GM, Gleich GJ. A clinical and pathologic study of chronic sinusitis: the role of the eosinophil . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1988;81:867-875.Crossref 12. Hamilos DL, Leung DYM, Wood R, et al. Chronic hyperplastic sinusitis: association of tissue eosinophilia with mRNA expression of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1993;92:39-48.Crossref 13. Newman LJ, Platts-Mills TAE, Phillips CD, Hazen KC, Gross CW. Chronic sinusitis: relationship of computed tomographic findings to allergy, asthma and eosinophilia . JAMA . 1994;271:363-367.Crossref 14. Ohno I, Lea RG, Flanders KC, et al. Eosinophils in chronically inflamed human upper airway tissues express transforming growth factor β1 gene . J Clin Invest . 1992;89:1662-1668.Crossref 15. Ohno I, Lea RG, Finotto S, et al. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene expression by eosinophils in nasal polyposis . Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol . 1991;5:505-510.Crossref 16. Zinreich SJ, Kennedy DW, Rosenbaum AE, et al. Paranasal sinuses: CT imaging requirements for endoscopic surgery . Radiology . 1987;163:769-775.Crossref 17. Oppenheimer EH, Rosenstein BJ. Differential pathology of nasal polyps in cystic fibrosis and atopy . Lab Invest . 1979;40:445-449. 18. Rot A, Krieger M, Brunner T, Bischoff SC, Schall TJ, Dahinden CA. RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 α induce the migration and activation of normal human eosinophil granulocytes . J Exp Med . 1992;176:1489-1495.Crossref 19. Kameyoshi Y, Dorschner A, Mallet Al, Christophers E, Schroder JM. Cytokine RANTES released by thrombin-stimulated platelets is a potent attractant for human eosinophils . J Exp Med . 1992;176:587-592.Crossref 20. Beck LA, Schall TJ, Beall LD, et al. Detection of the chemokine RANTES and activation of vascular endothelium in nasal polyps . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1994;93:234. 21. Ohtoshi T, Vancheri C, Cox G, et al. Monocyte-macrophage differentiation induced by human upper airway epithelial cells . Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol . 1991; 4:255-263.Crossref 22. Vancheri C, Ohtoshi T, Cox G, et al. Neutrophilic differentiation induced by human upper airway fibroblast-derived granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) . Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol . 1991;4:11-17.Crossref 23. Akagawa KS, Kamoshita K, Tokunaga T. Effects of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and colony-stimulating factor-1 on the proliferation and differentiation of murine alveolar macrophages . J Immunol . 1988;144: 3383-3390. 24. Lopez AF, Williamson DJ, Gamble JR, et al. Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates in vitro mature human neutrophil and eosinophil function, surface receptor expression and survival . J Clin Invest . 1986;78:1220-1228.Crossref 25. Owen WF, Rothenberg ME, Silberstein DS, et al. Regulation of human eosinophil viability, density and function by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the presence of 3T3 fibroblasts . J Exp Med . 1987;166: 129-141.Crossref
Correction1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120060011
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Statistical Error. In the article titled "Cytokines, Immunoglobulins, and Bacterial Pathogens in Middle Ear Effusions," published in the August Archives (1995; 121:865-869), on pages 865 and 867 in the "Results" section of the abstract and text, respectively, tumor necrosis factor α was detected in 37% (28/75) of children with otitis media. We regret the error.
Role of Bacterial Interference and β-Lactamase—Producing Bacteria in the Failure of Penicillin to Eradicate Group A Streptococcal PharyngotonsillitisBrook, Itzhak;Gober, Alan E.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120061012pmid: 7488371
Abstract Objective: To determine the association among bacterial interference and β-lactamase production and penicillin failure in treating streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis. Design: Fifty-two children who had acute pharyngotonsillitis caused by group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) were treated for 10 days with penicillin. Surface tonsillar cultures were obtained before therapy and at 10, 21, and 42 days after termination of therapy. The cultures obtained before and 10 days after completion of treatment were processed for aerobic and anaerobic organisms; the other cultures were processed for GABHS only. Results: Based on eradication of GABHS, 38 patients were in the classification bacteriologic "cure"; 14 were in the classification bacteriologic "failure" after therapy. In the cured group, before therapy α-hemolytic streptococci inhibiting their own GABHS were recovered in the cultures of 14 children (37%), and β-lactamase—producing organisms (BLPB) were detected in the cultures of two children (5%). After therapy, inhibiting α-hemolytic streptococci were recovered in 31 cultures (82%), and BLPB were detected in five cultures (13%). In contrast, in the failure group, before therapy α-hemolytic streptococci were isolated in one culture (7%) and BLPB were recovered from nine cultures (64%). After therapy, α-hemolytic streptococci were recovered in four cultures (29%), and BLPB was recovered in 13 cultures (93%). Conclusions: These data show that the absence of interfering α-hemolytic streptococci and the presence of BLPB is associated with penicillin failure in the treatment of GABHS pharyngotonsillitis.(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1405-1409) References 1. Kaplan EL, Johnson OR. Eradication of group A streptococci from treatment failure of the upper respiratory tract by amoxicillin with clavulanate after oral penicillin . J Pediatr . 1988;113:400-403.Crossref 2. Brook I. The role of a beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in the persistence of streptococcal tonsillar infection . Rev Infect Dis . 1984;6:601-607.Crossref 3. Crowe CC, Sanders E, Longley S. Bacterial interference, II: the role of the normal throat flora in prevention of colonization by group A streptococcus . J Infect Dis . 1973;128:527-532.Crossref 4. Grahn E, Holm SE. Bacterial interference in the throat flora during a streptococcal tonsillitis outbreak in an apartment house area . Zentralbl Microbiol . 1983; 256:72-79. 5. Lennette EH, Balows A, Hausler W, et al, eds. Manual of Clinical Microbiology . 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1985. 6. Sutter VL, Citron DM, Edelstein MAC, et al. Wadsworth Anaerobic Bacteriology Manual . 4th ed. Belmont, Calif: Star Publishing; 1985. 7. Gabay EL, Sutter VL, Finegold SM. Rapid beta-lactamase testing in Bacteroides . J Antimicrob Chemother 1981:413-416. 8. Grahn E, Holm SE, Roos K, et al. Interference of alpha-hemolytic streptococci isolated from tonsillar surface, on beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pyogenes: a methodological study . Zentralbl Microbiol . 1983;254:459-468. 9. Kaplan EL, Gastanaday AS, Huwe BB The role of the carrier in treatment failure after antibiotic therapy for group A streptococci in the upper respiratory tract . J Lab Clin Med . 1981;98:326-335. 10. Converse WJ. Pratical Nonparametric Statistics . 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1980. 11. Brook I, Gober AE. Emergence of beta-lactamase-producing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the oropharynx of children following penicillin chemotherapy . Clin Pediatr (Phila) . 1984;23:338-341.Crossref 12. Brook I, Yocum P, Friedman EM. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in tonsils of children with recurrent tonsillitis . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1981;90:261-263. 13. Reilly S, Timmis P, Beeden AG, et al. Possible role of the anaerobe in tonsillitis . J Clin Pathol . 1981;34:542-547.Crossref 14. Tuner K, Nord CE. Beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms in recurrent tonsillitis . Scand J Infect Dis . 1983;39:83-85. 15. Brook I, Yocum P. Quantitative measurement of beta-lactamase in tonsils of children with recurrent tonsillitis . Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) . 1984;98:556-559.Crossref 16. Brook I, Hirokawa R. Treatment of patients with a history of recurrent tonsillitis due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococci . Clin Pediatr (Phila) . 1985;24: 331-336.Crossref 17. Sanders CC, Nelson GE, Sanders WE. Bacterial interference, IV: epidemiologic determinants of the antagonistic activity of the normal throat flora against group A streptococci . Infect Immun . 1977;16:599-603. 18. Sprunt K, Redman W. Evidence suggesting importance of role of interbacterial inhibition in maintaining balance of normal flora . Ann Intern Med. . 1968;68: 579-590.Crossref 19. Sprunt K, Leidy G, Redman W. Abnormal colonization of neonates in an intensive care unit: conversion to normal colonization by pharyngeal implantation of alpha-hemolytic streptococcus strain 215 . Pediatr Res . 1980;14:308-313.Crossref 20. Grahn E, Holm SE, Roos K. Penicillin tolerance in beta-streptococci isolated from patients with tonsillitis . Scand J Infect Dis . 1987;19:421-426.Crossref 21. Brook I, Gillmore JD. Evaluation of bacterial interference and beta-lactamase production in the management of experimental infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci . Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 1993;37:1452-1455.Crossref 22. Pichichero ME, Margolis PA. A comparison of cephalosporins and penicillins in the treatment of group A beta-hemolytic steptococcal pharyngitis: a meta-analysis supporting the concept of microbial copathogenicity . Pediatr Infect Dis J . 1991;10:275-281.Crossref 23. Roos K, Grahn E., Holm SE. Evaluation of beta-lactamase activity and microbial interference in treatment failures of acute streptococci tonsillitis . Scand J Infect Dis . 1986;18:313-319.Crossref 24. Brook I, Gober EA. Rapid method for detection of beta-lactamase producing bacteria in clinical specimens . J Clin Pathol . 1984;37:1392-1394.Crossref
Distance Between the Tonsillar Fossa and Internal Carotid Artery in ChildrenDeutsch, Mark D.;Kriss, Vesna Martich;Willging, J. Paul
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120066013pmid: 7488372
Abstract Objective: Obtain normative data on the distance from the tonsillar fossa to the internal carotid artery in children, and relate this distance to age and weight parameters. Design: A prospective study of 100 children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging studies for pathology unrelated to the upper aerodigestive tract. The torus tubarius corresponds to the lateral extent of the tonsillar fossa and was used as the reference site for measurements. One hundred children (aged 7 days to 18 years; median, 6 years) were consecutively entered into the study. Exclusion criteria included any preexisting abnormalities of the upper aerodigestive tract. The study defined the distance from the tonsillar fossa to the internal carotid artery. Relationships of this distance were defined for both age and weight parameters. Results: With increasing age and weight, the distance between the tonsillar fossa and the internal carotid artery increases in a regular fashion to a value approaching 25 mm. Both relationships are exponential with asymptotes being achieved by 56 kg (correlation coefficient, 0.8616; R2 value, 0.7423) or 12 years of age (correlation coefficient, 0.8452; R2 value, 0.7143). Conclusion: Age and weight parameters can be used to predict the distance from the tonsillar fossa to the internal carotid artery in children.(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1410-1412) References 1. Paradise JL. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy . In: Bluestone CD, Stool SE, eds. Pediatric Otolaryngology . 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1990: 915-926. 2. Capper JWR, Randall C. Post-operative hemorrhage in tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children . J Laryngol Otol . 1984;98:363-365.Crossref 3. Handler SD, Miller L, Richmond KH, Baranak CC. Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage: incidence, prevention, and management . Laryngoscope . 1986;96:1243-1247. 4. Rasmussen N. Complications of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy . Otol Clin North Am . 1987;20:383-390. 5. Gardner JF. Sutures and disasters in tonsillectomy . Arch Otolaryngol . 1968; 88:551-555.Crossref 6. Osguthorpe JD, Adkins WY, Putney FJ, Hungerford GD. Internal carotid artery as source of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy hemorrhage . Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1981;89:758-762. 7. Cairney J. Tortuosity of the cervical segment of the internal carotid artery . J Anat . 1924;59:87-96. 8. Hellman JR, Shott SR, Gootee MJ. Impalement injuries of the palate in children: review of 131 cases . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 1993;26:157-163.Crossref 9. Mains B, Nagle M. Thrombosis of the internal carotid artery due to soft palate injury . J Laryngol Otol . 1989;103:796-797.Crossref 10. Braudo M. Thrombosis of the internal carotid artery in childhood after injuries in the region of the soft palate . BMJ . 1956;1:665-667.Crossref 11. Helmut D, Poeschl W. Impalement injuries of the palate . Plast Reconstr Surg . 1983;72:656-658. 12. Hengerer AS, DeGroot TR, Rivers RJ, Pettee DS. Internal carotid artery thrombosis following soft palate injuries . Laryngoscope . 1984;94:1571-1574.Crossref 13. Weinberg E, Brodsky L, Stanievich J, Volk M. Needle aspiration of peritonsillar abscess in children . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1993;119:169-172.Crossref 14. Haeggstrom A, Gustafsson O, Engquist S, Engstrom CF. Intraoral ultrasonography in the diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess . Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1993;108:243-247. 15. Hendrix RA, Bacon CK, Hoffer ME. Localization of the carotid artery within the tonsillar fossa by doppler flow mapping . Laryngoscope . 1990;100:853-856.Crossref 16. Tovi F, Leiberman A, Hertzanu Y, Goleman L. Pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery secondary to tonsillectomy . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 1987; 13:69-75.Crossref 17. Radkowski D, McGill TJ, Healy GB, Jones DT. Penetrating trauma of the oropharynx in children . Laryngoscope . 1993;103:991-994.Crossref
Treatment of Chronic Ear Disease: Topical Ciprofloxacin vs Topical GentamicinTutkun, Alper;Özagar, Altug;Koç, Ahmet;Batman, Caglar;Üneri, Cüneyd;Sehitoglu, Mehmet Ali
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120070014pmid: 7488373
Abstract Objective: To determine and compare the therapeutic efficiency of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and gentamicin sulfate in the treatment of chronic ear disease. Design: Prospective randomized study. Setting: Academic tertiary medical center. Patients: Consecutive referred sample of 44 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media randomized into two groups. Interventions: Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (200 mg/mL) was administered to the first group (composed of 24 patients), while the second group (composed of 20 patients) received gentamicin sulfate (5 mg/mL) locally, five drops three times a day for 10 days. Results: In the ciprofloxacin group, 21 (88%) of the 24 patients with suppurative chronic otitis media were cured. On the other hand, only six (30%) of the patients in the gentamicin group were cured. The rest of the patients showed no clinical or bacteriological improvement. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the efficiency of two topical otic preparations in the treatment of chronic ear disease. The results show that topical ciprofloxacin preparation is more efficacious and efficient than topical gentamicin for the treatment of chronic otitis media in the acute stage.(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1414-1416) References 1. Brownlee RE, Hulka GF, Prazma J, Pillsbury HC. Ciprofloxacin: use as a topical otic preparation . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1992;118:392-396.Crossref 2. Esposito S, Noviello S, D'Errico G, Montanaro C. Topical ciprofloxacin vs intramuscular gentamicin for chronic otitis media . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1992;118:842-844.Crossref 3. Ganz H. Antibiotische Lokaltherapie bakterieller Ohrinfektionen . HNO . 1989; 37:386-388. 4. Papastavros T, Giamarellou H, Varlejides S. Role of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in chronic suppurative otitis media . Laryngoscope . 1986;98: 438-442. 5. Tutkun SA. Ciprofloxacin . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1994;120:886.Crossref 6. Ginsberg IA. Rudnick MD, Huber PS. Aminoglycoside ototoxicity following middle ear infection, III: comparative quantitative analysis . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1980;89( (suppl 77) ):17-24. 7. Ruben RJ, Daly JF. Neomycin ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity . Laryngoscope . 1968;78:2297-2301.Crossref 8. Morizono T, Johnstone BM. Ototoxicity of topically applied gentamicin using a statistical analysis of electrophysiological measurement . Acta Otolaryngol . 1975; 80:389-393.Crossref 9. Webster JC, McGee TM, Carroll R, et al. Ototoxicity of gentamicin: histopathologic and functional results in the cat . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otol . 1970; 1155:74. 10. Wright CG, Meyerhoff WL. Ototopical agents: efficacy or toxicity in humans . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1988;97:30-32. 11. Esposito S, D'Errico G, Montanaro C. Topical and oral treatment of chronic otitis media with ciprofloxacin . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1990;116: 557-559.Crossref 12. Ganz H. Gyrasehemmer in der Lokalbehandlung von mit Problemkeimen chronisch infizierten Mittelohroperationshohlen . HNO . 1986;34:511-514. 13. Fujimaki Y, Kawamura S, Watanabe H, Itabashi T, Nakamura M, Deguchi K. Fundamental and clinical studies on Bay o 9867 (ciprofloxacin) in otorhinolaryngological field . Chemotherapy . 1985;33( (suppl 7) ):970-977. 14. Mori Y, Baba S, Kinoshita H, et al. Laboratory and clinical study on Bay o 9867 in otorhinolaryngological field . Chemotherapy . 1985;33( (suppl 7) ):978-985. 15. Van der Heyning PH, Pattyn SR, Valcke HD. Ciprofloxacin in oral treatment of ear infection . Pharm Weekbl Sci . 1986;8:63-66.
Two New Otolaryngologic Findings in Child AbuseDrake, Amelia F.;Makielski, Kathleen;McDonald-Bell, Connie;Atcheson, Barbara
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120073015pmid: 7488374
Abstract We reviewed cases of early childhood hoarseness caused by vocal nodules and functional hearing loss as being possible manifestations of child abuse. This is a retrospective review set in two urban referral centers. The patients consisted of four children with vocal nodules and known histories of abuse, and four children with functional hearing loss and histories suggestive of abuse. Vocal nodules or functional hearing loss may be indicators of an abusive situation. Child abuse should be considered in the differential diagnosis of these problems. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1417-1420) References 1. Gothard TW, Runyan DK, Hadler JL. The diagnosis and evaluation of child maltreatment . J Emerg Med . 1985;3:181-194.Crossref 2. Leavitt EB, Pincus RL, Bukachevsky R. Otolaryngologic manifestations of child abuse . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1992;118:629-631.Crossref 3. Friedman EM. Caustic ingestions and foreign body aspirations: an overlooked form of child abuse . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1987;96:709-712. 4. Grace A, Grace S. Child abuse within the ear, nose and throat . J Otolaryngol . 1987;16:108-111. 5. Willging JP, Bower CM, Cotton RT. Physical abuse of children: a retrospective review and an otolaryngology perspective . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1992;118:584-590.Crossref 6. Myer CM, Fitton CM. Vocal cord paralysis following child abuse . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 1988;15:217-220.Crossref 7. Katz J, ed. Handbook of Clinical Audiology . Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1985:744-745. 8. Boyer D, Fine D. Sexual abuse as a factor in adolescent pregnancy and child maltreatment . Fam Plann Perspect . 1992;24:4-11.Crossref 9. Aplin DY, Rowson YJ. Psychological characteristics of children with functional hearing loss . Br J Audiol . 1990;24:77-87.Crossref 10. Bowdler DA, Rogers J. The management of pseudohypacusis in school-age children . Clin Otolaryngol . 1989;14:211-215.Crossref 11. Yoshida M, Noguchi A, Uemura T. Functional hearing loss in children . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 1989;17:287-295.Crossref
Respiratory Distress in the Neonate: Sequela of a Congenital DacryocystoceleHepler, Kristin M.;Woodson, Gayle E.;Kearns, Donald B.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120079016pmid: 7488375
Abstract Congenital dacryocystoceles presenting with intranasal extension may precipitate respiratory distress in neonates. Twenty-one children have been described as having congenital dacryocystoceles with intranasal extension, and, of these, 14 had respiratory distress. We present a series of patients with congenital dacryocystoceles who presented with ranging degrees of respiratory distress. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic scans confirmed the diagnosis. In all cases, the endonasal portion of the cyst was marsupialized endoscopically with complete resolution of symptoms. Pertinent embryology, anatomy, clinical presentation, and treatment are discussed. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1423-1425) References 1. Jones LT, Wobig JL. Surgery of the Eyelids and Lacrimal System . New York, NY: Aesculapius Publishing Co; 1976:157-173. 2. Levy NS. Conservative management of congenital amniotocele of the nasolacrimal sac . J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 1979;16:254-256. 3. Sevel D. Development and congenital abnormalities of the nasal lacrimal apparatus . J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 1981;18:9-13. 4. Peterson RA, Robb RM. The natural course of congenital obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct . J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 1973;15:230-246. 5. Duke-Elder S, Cooke C. Normal and abnormal development: embryology . In: Duke-Elder S, ed. System of Ophthalmology . St Louis, Mo: Mosby—Year Book Co; 1963;3:241-245. 6. Rand PK, Ball WS, Kulwin DR. Congenital nasolacrimal mucoceles: CT evaluation . Radiology . 1989;173:691-694.Crossref 7. Harris GJ, DiClementi D. Congenital dacryocystocele . Arch Ophthalmol . 1982;100:1763-1765.Crossref 8. Goralowna M, Tarantowicz W. Imperforation of the nasolacrimal duct as a cause of nasal obstruction in the newborn . Rhinology . 1979;91:173-175. 9. Raflo GT, Forton JA, Sprinkle PM. An unusual intranasal anomaly of the lacrimal drainage system . Ophthalmic Surg . 1982;13:741-744. 10. Divine RD, Anderson RL, Bumsted RM. Bilateral congenital lacrimal sac mucoceles with nasal extension of drainage . Arch Ophthalmol . 1983; 101:246-248.Crossref 11. Lusk RP, Muntz HM. Nasal obstruction on the neonate secondary to lacrimal duct cysts . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 1987;13:315-322.Crossref 12. Berkowitz RG, Grundfast KM, Fitz C. Nasal obstruction of the newborn revisited: clinical and subclinical manifestations of the congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction presenting as a nasal mass . Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1990; 103:468-471. 13. Grin TR, Mertz JS, Stass-lsern M. Congenital nasolacrimal duct cysts in dacryocystocele . Ophthalmology . 1991;98:1238-1242.Crossref 14. Edmond JC, Keech RV. Congenital nasolacrimal sac mucocele associated with respiratory distress . J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 1991; 28:287-289. 15. Righi PD, Hubbell RN, Lawlor PP. Respiratory distress associated with bilateral nasolacrimal duct cysts . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 1993;26:199-203.Crossref 16. Mazzara CA, Respler DS, Jahn AF. Neonatal respiratory distress: sequela of bilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 1993;25:209-216.Crossref
Self-induced PneumoparotitisGoguen, Laura A.;April, Max M.;Karmody, Collin S.;Carter, Barbara L.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120082017pmid: 7488376
Abstract Pneumoparotitis is a rare cause of enlargement of the parotid gland; it is often misdiagnosed and therefore incorrectly treated. We report three pediatric cases of self-induced pneumoparotitis and detail the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, radiographic findings, and treatment options. We also review the literature on the subject. In children, inflammatory swelling of the parotid gland is usually due to acute viral or bacterial infection, juvenile recurrent parotitis, or allergic, autoimmune, or systemic disease. Infrequently, swelling may result from air being forced through Stensen's duct, resulting in pneumoparotitis. This may occur as a transient or recurrent phenomenon. Recurrent parotid insufflation is not entirely benign and may predispose to sialectasias, recurrent parotitis, and even subcutaneous emphysema. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1426-1429) References 1. Takenoshita Y, Kawano K, Oka M. Pneumoparotitis: an unusual occurrence of parotid gland swelling during dental treatment . J Craniomaxillofac Surg . 1991;19:362-365.Crossref 2. Brown FH, Ogletree RC, Houston GD. Pneumoparotitis associated with the use of an airpowder prophylaxis unit . J Periodontol . 1992; 63:642-644.Crossref 3. Piette E, Walker RT. Pneumoparotid during dental treatment . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol . 1991;72:415-417.Crossref 4. Reilly DJ. Benign transient swelling of the parotid glands following general anesthesia: 'anesthesia mumps.' Anesth Analg . 1970;49:560-563.Crossref 5. Sarr MG, Frey H. A unique case of benign postoperative parotid swelling . Johns Hopkins Med J . 1980;146:11-12. 6. Watt J. Benign parotid swelling: a review . Proc R Soc Med . 1977;70:483-486. 7. Saunders HF. Wind parotitis . N Engl J Med . 1973; 289:698. 8. Cook NC, Layton AL. Bilateral parotid swelling associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol . 1993; 76:157-158.Crossref 9. David ML, Kanga JF. Pneumoparotid: in cystic fibrosis . Clin Pediatr (Phila) . 1988;27:506-508.Crossref 10. Ferlito A, Andretta M, Baldan M, Candiani F. Nonoccupational recurrent bilateral pneumoparotitis in an adolescent . J Laryngol Otol . 1992;106: 558-560.Crossref 11. Curtin JJ, Ridley NT, Cumberworth VL, Glover GW. Pneumoparotitis . J Laryngol Otol . 1992; 106:178-179.Crossref 12. Krief O, Gomori JM, Gay I. CT of pneumoparotitis . Comput Med Imaging Graph . 1992;16:39-41.Crossref 13. Mandel L, Kaynar A, Wazen J. Pneumoparotid: case report . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol . 1991; 72:22-24.Crossref 14. Markowitz-Spence L, Brodsky L, Seidell G, Stanievich JF. Self-induced pneumoparotitis in an adolescent . Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 1987;14:113-121.Crossref 15. Hemphill RA. Wind parotitis . N Engl J Med . 1973; 289:1094-1095. 16. Calcaterra TC, Lowe J. Pneumoparotiditis: an unusual case of parotid gland swelling . Arch Otolaryngol . 1973;97:468-469.Crossref 17. Greisen O. Pneumatocele glandulae parotis . J Laryngol Otol . 1968;82:477-480.Crossref 18. Rupp RN. Pneumoparotid: an interesting cause of acute parotid swelling . Arch Otolaryngol . 1963; 77:665-668.Crossref 19. Banks P. Nonneoplastic parotid swelling: a review . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol . 1968;25: 732-745.Crossref 20. Paonessa DF, Goldstein JC. Anatomy and physiology of head and neck infections with emphasis on the fascia of the face and neck . Otolaryngol Clin North Am . 1976;9:561-580. 21. Meyers ES. The fibrous capsule of the parotid gland . Med J Aust . 1955;42:569-571. 22. Brodie HA, Chole RA. Recurrent pneumosialadenitis: a case presentation and new surgical intervention . Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1988; 98:350-353. 23. Telfer MR, Irvine GH. Pneumoparotitis . Br J Surg . 1989;76:978.Crossref 24. Birzgalis AR, Curley WA, Camphor CI. Pneumoparotitis, subcutaneous emphysema and adenoma . J Laryngol Otol . 1993;107:349-351.Crossref 25. Garber MW. Pneumoparotitis: an unusual manifestation of hay fever . Am J Emerg Med . 1987; 5:40-41.Crossref 26. McDuffie MW, Brown FH, Raines WH. Pneumoparotitis with orthodontic treatment . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1993;103:377-379.Crossref 27. O'Hara AE, Keohane RB. Sialography in an unusual case of subcutaneous emphysema of the neck . Arch Otolaryngol . 1973;98:354-355.Crossref 28. Wilkie TF, Brody GS. The surgical treatment of drooling . Plast Reconstr Surg . 1977;59:791-798.Crossref
RESIDENT'S PAGE: PATHOLOGYASKIN, FREDERIC B.;WESTRA, WILLIAM H.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120086018
Abstract Pathologic Quiz Case 1 Jeffrey T. Hunt, MD; Brendan C. Stack, Jr, MD; Neal D. Futran, MD, DMD; L. Frank Glass, MD; James N. Endicott, MD, Tampa, FlaA 49-year-old woman presented to her primary care physician with a 10-week history of a right preauricular mass. She was initially treated with a course of antibiotics, without resolution. She then began complaining of progressive right otalgia and developed right-sided facial weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed no abnormalities.The patient was referred to our institution for further evaluation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the neck and skull base revealed a 2×2-cm right parotid mass (Figure 1). Fine-needle aspiration demonstrated atypical cells, anucleated squamous cells, and necrotic debris.A total parotidectomy was planned. Intraoperative frozen sections of tumor margins were consistent with invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The tumor tracked extensively along the facial nerve both distally and proximally. It was References 1. Goldstein DJ, Barr RJ, Santa Cruz DJ. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma: a distinct clinicopathologic entity . Cancer . 1982;50:566-572.Crossref 2. Batsakis JG, EI-Naggar AK, Weber RS. Two perplexing skin tumors: microcystic adnexal carcinoma and keratoacanthoma . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1994; 103:829-832. 3. Newman L. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature . Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 1986;24:448-451.Crossref 4. Nickoloff BJ, Fleischmann HE, Carmel J, et al. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma . Arch Dermatol . 1986;122:290-294.Crossref 5. Chow WC, Cockerell CJ, Geronemus RG. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma of the scalp . J Dermatol Surg Oncol . 1989;14:768-771.Crossref 6. Kato H, Mizuno N, Nakagawa K, et al. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma: a light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study . J Cutan Pathol . 1990;17:87-95.Crossref 7. Requena L, Marquina A, Alegre V, et al. Sclerosing sweat-duct (microcystic adnexal) carcinoma: a tumour from a single eccrine origin . Clin Exp Dermatol . 1990;15:222-224.Crossref 8. Ceballos PI, Penneys NS, Cohen BH. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma: a case showing eccrine duct differentiation . J Dermatol Surg Oncol . 1988;14:1236-1239.Crossref 9. Smith KJ, Skelton HG, Holland TT. Recent advances and controversies concerning adnexal neoplasms . Dermatol Clin . 1992;10:117-160. 10. Wick MR, Cooper PH, Swanson PE. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma . Arch Dermatol . 1990;126:189-194.Crossref 11. Leboit PE, Sexton M. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma of the skin . J Am Acad Dermatol . 1993;29:609-618.Crossref 12. Cooper PH, Mills SE, Leonard DD, et al. Sclerosing sweat duct (syringomatous) carcinoma . Am J Surg Pathol . 1985;9:422-433.Crossref 13. Carmelo U, Paglierani M, Bondi R. Histologic spectrum of carcinomas with eccrine ductal differentiation (sweat-gland ductal carcinomas) . Am J Dermatopathol . 1993;15:435-440.Crossref 14. Birkby CS, Argenyi ZB, Whitaker DC. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma with mandibular invasion and bone marrow replacement . J Dermatol Surg Oncol . 1989; 15:308-312.Crossref 15. Cooper PH, Mills SE. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma . J Am Acad Dermatol . 1984;10:908-914.Crossref 16. Futran ND, Quatela VC, Presser SE, Muhlbauer JE. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma of the lower lip . Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1992;107:457-459. 17. Hamm JC, Argenta LC, Swanson NA. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma: an unpredictable aggressive neoplasm . Ann Plast Surg . 1987;19:173-180.Crossref 18. Lober CW, Larbig GG. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (sclerosing sweat duct carcinoma) . South Med J . 1994;87:259-262.Crossref 19. Lupton GP, McMarlin SL. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma . Arch Dermatol . 1986; 122:286-289.Crossref 20. Mayer MH, Winton GB, Smith AC, et al. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (sclerosing sweat duct carcinoma) . Plast Reconstr Surg . 1989;84:970-975.Crossref 21. Moy RL, Rivkin JE, Lee H, et al. Syringoid eccrine carcinoma . J Am Acad Dermatol . 1991;24:857-859.Crossref 22. Rongioletti F, Grosshans E, Rebora A. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma . Br J Dermatol . 1986;115:101-104.Crossref 23. Yuh WT, Engelken JD, Whitaker DC, Dolan KD. Bone marrow invasion of microcystic adnexal carcinoma . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1991;100:601-603. 24. Fleischmann HE, Roth RJ, Wood C, Nickoloff BJ. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma treated by microscopically controlled excision . J Dermatol . 1986;10: 873-875. 25. Lipper S, Peiper SC. Sweat gland carcinoma with syringomatous feature: a light microscopic and ultrastructural study . Cancer . 1979;44:157-163.Crossref 26. Marenda SA, Otto RA. Adnexal carcinomas of the skin . Otolaryngol Clin North Am . 1993;26:87-116. 27. Cooper PH. Sclerosing carcinomas of sweat ducts (microcystic adnexal carcinoma) . Arch Dermatol . 1986;122:261-264.Crossref 28. Lundgren J, Olofsson J, Hellquist H. Oncocytic lesions of the larynx . Acta Otolaryngol . 1982;94:335-344.Crossref 29. Oliveira CA, Roth JA, Adams GL. Oncocytic lesions of the larynx . Laryngoscope . 1977;87:1718-1725.Crossref 30. Robinson AC, Kaberos A, Cox PM, Stearns MP. Oncocytoma of the larynx . J Laryngol Otol . 1990;104:346-349.Crossref 31. Jones SR, Myers EM, Barnes L. Benign neoplasms of the larynx . Otolaryngol Clin North Am . 1984;17:151-178. 32. Martin-Hirsch PP, Lannigen FJ, Irani B, Batmin P. Oncocytic papillary cystadenomatosis of the larynx . J Laryngol Otol . 1994;106:656-658.Crossref
Otitis MediaMorris, Michael S.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120090019pmid: 7488379
Abstract In the October 1994 issue of the Archives, the two leading articles1,2 are concerned with controversial studies in the management of otitis media. A theme that I think has been missed not only in this issue but also in the August issue3 of the Archives is what I consider to be a significant situation running through this information. Certainly on the surface, both articles infer controversial and scientific information in setting up guidelines for treating otitis media, which is the single most significant health care issue in the field of pediatric otology. A more important issue from the point of view of otolaryngology—head and neck surgery is more obvious. The otolaryngologist is taken out of the loop in treating these diseases. From the looks of the guidelines published by the Agency for Health Care Policy, it is easy to see how management of otitis media with effusion in References 1. Healy GB. Managing otitis media with effusion in young children: a commentary . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1994;120:1049-1050.Crossref 2. Blustone CD, Klein JO, Gates GA. 'Appropriateness' of tympanostomy tubes: setting the record straight . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1994;120:1051-1053.Crossref 3. Agency for Health Policy and Research. Managing otitis media with effusion in young children . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck . 1994;120:793-796.Crossref
Otitis Media-ReplyGrundfast, Kenneth M.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120090021
Abstract Morris raises many concerns in his letter and, although I understand and even share some of the concerns, I am not at all as cynical as he is about the management of otitis media, nor am I as pessimistic about the future for otolaryngology. Let us look at the issues that have been raised. "The otolaryngologist is taken out of the loop Here Morris apparently is expressing concern that the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) guideline suggests that a child younger than 3 years with persistent middleear effusion can be followed for 3 months before having a hearing evaluation, and the child might be followed for up to 4 months before having tubes inserted in the ears. We do need to remember that the AHCPR panel is not the first or only group to advocate waiting for several months before recommending insertion of tubes in the References 1. American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Inc Committee on Quality Assurance. 1992 Clinical Indications Compendium for Otolaryngic Head and Neck Surgery. Alexandria, Va: American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Inc; 1992. 2. US Dept of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Clinical Practice Guideline: Otitis Media With Effusion in Young Children. Silver Spring, Md: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1994;12:5.
Otitis Media-ReplyHealy, Gerald B.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120090020
Abstract Morris raises an extremely valid issue in his letter analyzing my comments regarding the guidelines for the treatment of otitis media published by the Agency for Health Care Policy.1 There is no question that otolaryngologists find themselves in a dilemma under the new schemes of health care delivery being devised across the United States. For more than three decades, our specialty has attempted to convince the public, as well as our colleagues in medicine that, in fact, we are highly trained specialists dealing with a multiplicity of disorders of the head and neck. Now we find ourselves trying to convince the public that we are, in fact, primary care physicians. This certainly has the potential of depicting otolaryngologists as somewhat schizophrenic. There is no question that many otolaryngologists throughout the United States spend a significant portion of their practice day treating primary care problems of the head and neck. References 1. Healy GB. Managing otitis media with effusion in young children: a commentary . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1994;120:1049-1050.Crossref
Idiopathic Perilymphatic FistulasKohut, Robert I.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120092023pmid: 7488381
Abstract I want to bring to your attention an error in the text of our recent article.1 On page 413, middle column, the sentence reads, "he underwent vestibular tests, the results of which showed a right-sided mild canal paresis and spontaneous horizontal nystagmus to the left, which was accentuated with position changing, most vigorous during right-sided Hallpike positioning." The sentence should have read, "he underwent vestibular tests, the results of which showed a right-sided mild canal paresis and a weak spontaneous horizontal nystagmus to the right, which was accentuated with position changing, most vigorous during right-sided Hallpike positioning." I owe recognition of this error to Iain W. S. Mair, MD, PhD, of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. He points out that the statements on pages 413 and 418 are contradictory. Dr Mair and I are acquaintances from our time together at the University of Chicago in References 1. Kohut RI, Hinojosa R, Thompson JN, Ryu JH. Idiopathic perilymphatic fistulas: a temporal bone histopathologic study with clinical, surgical, and histopathologic correlations . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1995;121: 412-420.Crossref
Hereditary Hearing ImpairmentIng, Paul S.
1995 Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890120092022pmid: 7488380
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders established the Hereditary Hearing Impairment Resource Registry (HHIRR) to become a national resource for the biomedical community in the study of genetic hearing impairment and deafness. The HHIRR has three major functions: to disseminate and collect information and to match families with scientists. Dissemination information: The HHIRR publishes articles on topics dealing with hereditary deafness research. Articles written for professionals are found in the Advances in the Genetics of Deafness: A Bulletin of the HHIRR. Articles written for nonprofessionals are found in the Hereditary Deafness Newsletter of America. Reprints of articles are available as "Fact Sheets." Fact Sheet topics are available on-line at the WEB URL address listed below and through HealthTouch, found in pharmacies throughout the United States. Collection of information: Demographic information is collected from hearing impaired (deaf) individuals by a survey found in our brochure (the