1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080592020
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080493001
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract UNDER THE auspices of the Japan Society of Facial Nerve Surgery, the Second International Symposium on Facial Nerve Surgery was held from Sept 27 through 30, 1970, in Osaka, Japan. Since the first International Symposium in Copenhagen in 1964, organized by Dr. Karsten Kettel, many important advances have been made in both the scientific and technical aspects of facial nerve surgery throughout the world. These advances were thoroughly reviewed and discussed in this second symposium. In order to better understand the current progressing research problems, the submitted papers were arranged under the following main titles; basic problems, diagnosis and examination, intratemporal and intracranial decompression and nerve grafting, traumatic facial palsy, facial spasm, extratemporal facial nerve surgery, and intratemporal facial nerve pathology. Presentation of 35 invited and ten free papers, and seven films provided up-to-date knowledge and techniques pertaining to each major subject, and stimulated frank, informative, and extensive discussion. The
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080494002pmid: 4336149
Abstract In a series of 2,261 patients with parotid tumors, peripheral facial nerve paralysis developed spontaneously in 46 patients. These 46 patients all had malignant parotid tumors, which implies that facial nerve paralysis must be considered as a criterion of malignancy. The correlation between the incidence of this symptom and the grade of malignancy of the different types of parotid tumors has been settled. As all patients with malignant parotid tumors and concomitant facial nerve paralysis died of the tumor disease regardless of the radicality of the surgery, it seems that a tumor invading the facial nerve is beyond our present therapeutic procedures. In six patients the facial nerve paralysis was the first and only symptom of the malignant parotid tumor, which implies that an occult malignant parotid tumor always must be taken into consideration in patients with spontaneously developing peripheral facial nerve paralysis. References 1. Frazell EL: Clinical aspects of tumours of the major salivary glands . Cancer 7:637-659, 1954.Crossref 2. Miehlke A: Die Chirurgie des Nervus facialis . München, Germany, Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1960. 3. Kettel K: Peripheral Facial Palsy . Copenhagen, Munksgaard, 1959. 4. Eneroth CM, Blanck C, and Jakobsson P: Carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland . Acta Otolaryng 66:477-492, 1968.Crossref 5. Moberger JG, Eneroth CM: Malignant mixed tumors of the major salivary glands . Cancer 21: 1198-1211, 1968.Crossref
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080499003pmid: 4336150
Abstract Facial nerve paralysis was produced by inoculating rabbits with herpes simplex virus. Inoculations were made through the stylomastoid foramen into the facial nerve canal, the subarachnoid space, and the common carotid artery. Subarachnoid and common carotid artery inoculation caused encephalomeningitis, but facial nerve paralysis failed to develop. Inoculation through the stylomastoid foramen produced facial nerve weakness on the third day and severe paralysis on the sixth day. No improvement was noticed after 223 days of follow-up. Regeneration was extremely poor and the nerve tissues were totally replaced by collagen fibers in some animals. Even if regeneration was present, markedly proliferated collagen fibers surrounded the regenerated nerve. In some cases, a typical labyrinthine disturbance resulted which could be ascribed to interneuron spread of the virus. References 1. Sato I: Evoked electromyographic test for peripheral facial palsy . Jap J Otol 72:63-92, 1969. 2. Kumagami H, Sato I, Takebayashi S: Experimental study concerning with recovery process of facial nerve paralysis . Jap J Otol 73:83-88, 1970. 3. Saunders WH, Lippy WH: Sudden deafness and Bell's palsy: Common cause . Ann Otol 68:830-837, 1959. 4. Denny-Brown D, Adamus RD, Fitzerland PJ: Pathologic features of herpes zoster: Note on "geniculate herpes." Arch Neurol Psychiat 51:216-231, 1944.Crossref 5. Philipszoon AJ: Nystagmus and Bell's palsy . Pract Otorhino-laryng 24:233-238, 1962. 6. Sakamoto S, Horota K, Inoue T: The result of equilibrium function test and hearing test of the Bell's palsy . Jap Vest Res 25:126-127, 1966.
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080507004pmid: 4336151
Abstract In an attempt to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of facial nerve decompression or steroid therapy in Bell's palsy, a vascular lesion, simulating Bell's palsy, was produced in the intratemporal facial nerve of monkeys with ultrasound irradiation. The influence of surgical decompression or steroid therapy on the recovery rate was studied. Facial nerve decompression had little effect on the rate of recovery of facial function. Dexamethasone did little to influence the eventual return of facial function. In a corticotropin-treated animal earlier clinical return of facial function was seen. References 1. Boyle WF: Facial nerve paralysis: An experimental investigation of facial nerve regeneration in monkeys . Laryngoscope 76:1921-1948, 1966.Crossref 2. Boyle WF: Evaluation of facial nerve decompression in experimental facial nerve paralysis in monkeys . Laryngoscope 77:1168-1178, 1967.Crossref
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080511005pmid: 5018252
Abstract Well-selected cases of facial nerve paralysis may be favorably influenced by decompression. The transcutaneous nerve excitability test is very important for the selection of these cases. The arguments in favor of surgery in well-selected cases of Bell's paralysis are discussed. It is stressed that decompression should be achieved by opening the nerve sheath. Compression does not take place inside the bone, but inside the nerve sheath of the vertical part whose strong concentric layers of collagen fibers surround the nerve like a strait jacket. in its horizontal part and proximal to the geniculate ganglion, decompression is not indicated since the nerve sheath is formed by elastic fibers. References 1. Taverner D: Treatment of facial palsy . Arch Otolaryng 81:489-493, 1965.Crossref 2. Verjaal A: De nervus facialis als traanen als smaakzenuw; localisatie van de perifere facialisparalyse . Nederl Tijdschr Geneesk 98:671, 1954. 3. Seddon HG: Three types of nerve injury . Brain 66:237, 1943.Crossref 4. Laumans EPJ, Jongkees LBW: On the prognosis of peripheral facial paralysis of endotemporal origin: 1, 2, and 3 . Ann Otol 72:307-323; 631-636; and 895-899, 1963. 5. Janssen FP: Over de Post-Operatieve Facialisverlamming, thesis. University of Amsterdam, 1963. 6. Jongkees LBW: Surgery of the facial nerve. Read before the Second British Academic Conference in Otorhinolaryngology. Oxford, 1967. 7. Jongkees LBW: Bell's palsy: A surgical emergency? Arch Otolaryng 81:497-501, 1965.Crossref 8. Jongkees LBW. Facial paralysis complicating skull trauma . Arch Otolaryng 81:518-522, 1965.Crossref 9. James J: Einige Bermerkungen uber die Histologie des Nervus facialais zur Pathogenese der Bellscher Lähmung . Z Laryngol Rhinol Otol 40: 336-337, 1961. 10. Kettel K: Peripheral Facial Palsy . Copenhagen, Munksgaard, 1958. 11. Miehlke A: Die Chirurgie des Nervus Facialis . Munich, Germany, Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1960. 12. Kettel K, Jongkees: Sulla tecnica delle operazione sulla parte endotemporale del nerve faciale . Minerva Otorinolaring 13:97-107, 1963. 13. McGovern FH, Hansel JS: Decompression of the facial nerve in experimental Bell's palsy . Laryngoscope 71:1090-1104, 1961. 14. Jain SN, Sharma AP: Role of compression in the aetiology of Bell's palsy . J Laryng 78:266-275, 1964.Crossref 15. McGovern, FH, Thompson E, Link N: The experimental production of ischemic facial paralysis . Laryngoscope 76:1338-1352, 1966. 16. Ballance C, Duel AB: The operative treatment of facial palsy . Arch Otolaryng 15:1-70, 1932.Crossref
Wigand, M. E.;Spreng, M.;Bumm, P.;Mederer, R.
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080518006pmid: 5018253
Abstract Recent literature indicates that electromyography (EMG) is of little value in the early determination of facial nerve degeneration. Since fibrillation may be absent in the recording, especially during the first ten days of the paresis, and since many neurons may be involved in an uncertain process of deterioration or recovery, electronic processing of the EMG and analysis of different features of many thousands of data are required. Our presentation of preliminary experience includes duration histogram, interspike interval histogram, amplitude histogram, and spike rate analysis. From these characteristics a synoptic classification may be introduced to the description of facial nerve diseases. Interlead interval histograms are demonstrated additionally for cases of facial spasm. Their result has reinforced our assumption that this disease shows features in the EMG that are different from peripheral facial nerve impairment. References 1. Seddon HJ: Three types of nerve injury . Brain 66:237-288, 1943.Crossref 2. Kettel K: Ischemic facial palsy . Acta Otolaryng , (suppl 116) , 1954. 3. Cawthorne T, Haynes DR: Facial palsy . Brit Med J 2:1197, 1956.Crossref 4. Miehlke A: Die Chirurgie des Nervus facialis . Munich, West Germany, Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1960. 5. Muller G, Mumenthaler M: Die kryptogenetische Fazialisparese . Deutsch Med Wschr 88:1545-1550, 1963.Crossref 6. Altman AJ: Facial Nucleus in Bell's Palsy . Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 118:265-274, 1966. 7. Spreng M, Bumm P, Wigand ME: Ein elektronisches Verfahren zur Statistichen Auswertung von Elektrotromyogrammen mit Hilfe von Dauerund Intervall histogrammen . P fluger Archiv Ges Physiol 298:271-282, 1968.Crossref 8. Wigand ME, Spreng M, Bumm P: Computer-Analyse von Facialis-Elektromyogrammen . Acta Otolaryng 66:296-304, 1968.Crossref 9. Wigand ME, Spreng M, Bumm P: Auswertungen des Facialis-Elektromyogramms mit dem automatischen Rechner . Archiv Klin exp Ohr Nas Kehlkopfheilk . 191:614-617, 1968.Crossref 10. Bumm P, Spreng M. Wigand ME: The dynamic range of facial muscle activity represented by time interval and pulse duration histograms . P fluger Arch Ges Physiol 307:107, 1969. 11. Bumm P, Spreng M, Wigand ME: Die Bedeutung der Innervationsstarke bei der elektronischen Auswertung von Facialis-Elektromyogrammen . Arch Klin Exp Ohr Nas Kehlkopfheilk 196:182-186, 1970.Crossref 12. Denny-Brown D: Clinical problems in neuromuscular physiology . Amer J Med 15:368, 1953.Crossref 13. Magun R, Esslen E: Electromyographic study of reinnervated muscle and of hemifacial spasm . Amer J Phys Med 38:79, 1959.Crossref 14. Esslen E: Der Spasmus facialis-eine Parabioseerscheinung . Deutsch Z Nervenheilk 176:149-172, 1957. 15. Alajouanine T, Thurel R: Les spasmes de la face et leur traitement . Paris, 1936.
McGovern, Francis H.;Edgemon, Lewis J.;Konigsmark, Bruce W.
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080525007pmid: 5018254
Abstract An ischemic facial paralysis was induced by injecting a vasoconstrictor into the facial canal in dogs sensitized to horse serum. On histopathologic section the nerve changes were similar to the changes known to occur in patients with Bell's palsy. The paralysis of Bell's palsy may be the result of ischemia and compression of the facial nerve within the fallopian canal in individuals showing a response of hypersensitivity to an active pharmocological agent acting locally. References 1. McGovern FH, Thompson E, Link N: The experimental production of ischemic facial paralysis . Laryngoscope 76:1138-1353, 1966. 2. Kettel K: Peripheral Facial Palsy . Copenhagen, Ejnar Munksgaard, 1959. 3. Hilger JA: The nature of Bell's palsy . Laryngoscope 59:228-235, 1949. 4. McGovern FH, Hansel JS, Diaz-Perez R: Decompression of the facial nerve in experimental Bell's palsy . Laryngoscope 71:1090-1105, 1961. 5. McGovern FH, Hansel JS: The effect of fallopian canal decompression on experimental nerve injury . Laryngoscope 73:406-414, 1963.Crossref 6. Jain SN, Sharma AP: Role of compression in the etiology of Bell's palsy . J Laryng 78:266-272, 1964.Crossref 7. Denny-Brown D, Brenner C: Paralysis of nerve induced by direct pressure and by tourniquet . Arch Neurol Psychiat 51:1-27, 1944.Crossref 8. Denny-Brown DE: Lesion in peripheral nerve resulting from compression by spring clip . Arch Neurol Psychiat 52:1-19, 1944.Crossref 9. Sullivan JA, Smith JB: The otological concept of Bell's palsy and its treatment . Ann Otol 59:1148-1170, 1950. 10. Asbury AK, Amason BG, Adams RD: The inflammatory lesions in idiopathic polyneuritis: It's role in pathogenesis . Medicine 48:173-215, 1969.Crossref 11. Coassolo M: "Cold" facial paralysis—Experimental study . Minerva Otorinolaring 2:444-449, 1952. 12. Coassolo M: Electrical excitability of facial nerve in "cold" paralysis . Minerva Otorinolaring 3:31-34, 1953. 13. Coassolo M: Effect of Novocaine (procaine hydrochloride) in paralysis due to cold, experimental study . Minerva Otorinolaring 3:281-282, 1953. 14. Abell RG, Schenck HP: Microscopic observations on the behavior of living blood vessels of the rabbit during the reaction of anaplylaxis . J Immun 34:195-213, 1938.
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080529008pmid: 5018255
Abstract In 11 of 12 patients submitted to total intratemporal surgical exposure of the seventh nerve because of idiopathic facial paralysis, morphological changes were observed proximally to the geniculate ganglion in the beginning of the fallopian canal and in the internal auditory meatus. The presence of pathology proximally to the geniculate ganglion in cases of Bell's palsy has been supported by the intra-operative electric stimulation of the exposed facial nerve in cases presenting at surgery with neuropraxia as well as by the preoperative iophendylate (Pantopaque) cisternography and the results of the lacrimal test. More material has to be collected in order to substantiate the preliminary findings. The accumulated evidence indicates, however, that the most critical part of the intratemporal course of the seventh nerve in Bell's palsy is situated proximally to the geniculate ganglion rather than towards the stylomastoid foramen. References 1. McGovern FH: A review of the experimental aspects of Bell's palsy . Laryngoscope 78:324-333, 1969.Crossref 2. Kettel K: Peripheral Facial Palsy . Copenhagen, Munksgaardy, 1959. 3. Miehlke A: Die Chirurgie des Nervus Facialis . Munich, Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1960. 4. Jongkees LBW: Treatment of Bell's palsy . Neurology 7:697-701, 1957.Crossref 5. House WF: Surgical exposure of the internal auditory canal and its contents through the middle cranial Fossa . Laryngoscope 71:1363-1385, 1961.Crossref 6. Fowler EP Jr: The pathologic findings in a case of facial paralysis . Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 67:187-197, 1963. 7. Philipszoon AJ: Nystagmus and Bell's palsy . Pract Otorhino Laryng 24:233-238, 1962. 8. Laumans EPJ: On the Prognosis of Peripheral Facial Paralysis of Endotemporal Origin, thesis. Amsterdam, 1962. 9. Alford BR: Electrodiagnostic studies in facial paralysis . Arch Otolaryng 85:259-264, 1967.Crossref 10. Fisch U: Transtemporal surgery of the internal auditory canal . Advance Otorhinolaryng 17:203-240, 1970. 11. Lewis ML: A variation in technique of facial nerve decompression . Laryngoscope 66:1451-1492, 1956.Crossref 12. Wullstein H: Die Methode der Dekompression des Nervus Facialis vom Austritt aus dem Labyrinth bis zu dem aus dem Foramen Stylomastoideum ohne Beeinträchtigung des Mittelohres . Arch Klin Exp Ohr Nas Kehlkopfheilk 172:582, 1958.Crossref
Binns, Philip Metcalfe;Riano, Alfonso
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080536009pmid: 5018256
Abstract Four facial nerve homografts of 2 cm length and four of 1 cm length were performed in cats. Spontaneous movements occurred in all cats and were present within eight weeks. At operation at 16 weeks and 60 weeks, good movements were obtained on direct stimulation of the facial nerve. Cinematography documented these results and histology showed nerve fibers to be present. References 1. Binns PM: Spontaneous recovery after excision of a segment of the facial nerve. Read before the 116th annual convention of the American Medical Association, Atlantic City, NJ, 1967.
Hazama, Hiroyoshi;Tamaki, Hiromitsu;Nomura, Akira;Furukawa, Yutaka;Uetsuka, Hiromu
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080540010pmid: 5018257
Abstract Measurements of the sectional area of the human facial canal revealed that changes in distribution of small blood vessels and capillaries and the amount of loose connective tissue are responsible for compression of the facial nerve. A newly designed nerve compressor was applied to the facial nerve trunk of the rabbit which allowed constant compression to the nerve. The effects of compression and decompression of the facial nerve could be demonstrated in controlled conditions.
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080544011pmid: 5018258
Abstract A sensitive method for observing the function of the facial nerve in the cat is based on the analysis of evoked compound nerve action potentials. It was used to check nerve function in decompression of the facial nerve, and demonstrated that decompression—if performed with the utmost care—can be accomplished without measurable damage to nerve function. References 1. Binns PM: Experimental studies of the facial nerve . Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 71:665-672, 1967. 2. Kerth JD, Shambaugh GE Jr: Irrigation of open vestibule in stapes surgery . Arch Otolaryng 80:392-397, 1964.Crossref
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080549012
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The following is the correction of a mistake found in the article entitled "Tongue-Tie" by Francis I. Catlin, which appeared in the December 1971 issue of the Archives, top left of p 552: "Each group was administered the 176-item Templin-Darley articulation tests. The subjects with greater lingual freedom made eight errors in articulation, while those with limited lingual freedom made 60 errors in articulation."
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080550013pmid: 5018259
Abstract Facial nerve block made by the direct insertion of a needle into the facial trunk developed has been a valuable method in the treatment of facial spasm. The technique, results, and complications of this method are described in detail. Since the degree of facial nerve injury by the block is controllable, the resulting facial palsy can be minimized. A very limited cicatrization in and around the facial nerve allows repeated application of this method when spasm recurs. The facial palsy that was induced disappeared spontaneously within one or two months in the majority of the cases. The effective period of the nerve block extended between two and 27 months. References 1. Harris D, Wright AD: Treatment of clonic facial spasm . Lancet 1:657-661, 1932.Crossref 2. Torma T: Experiences in the treatment of paroxysmal hemifacial spasm . Acta Neurol Scand 38:218-223, 1962. 3. Diamant H, Enfors B, Wiberg A: Facial spasm . Laryngoscope 77:350-358, 1967.Crossref 4. Scoville WB: Partial extracranial section of seventh nerve for hemifacial spasm . J Neurosurg 31:106-108, 1969.Crossref 5. Gardner WJ: Trigeminal neuralgia: Hemifacial spasm-Paget's disease . Brain 89:555-562, 1966.Crossref
Totsuka, Genkichi;Hirose, Hajime;Kobayashi, Takeo;Niimi, Seiji;Funasaka, Sotaro
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080554014pmid: 5018260
Abstract Pathological associated movements of the face and facial spasms as sequelae of facial nerve palsy were treated by selective blocking of the facial nerve branches. The procedure consists of (1) finding the exact location of the pertinent nerve branch using evoked electromyography (EMG), and (2) the injection of 5% phenol in glycerin via a stimulating needle electrode. References 1. Greenblatt GH, Denson JS: Needle nerve stimulatorlocator . Anesth Analg 41:599-602, 1962.Crossref 2. Koons RA: The use of the block-aid monitor and plastic intravenous cannulas for nerve block . Anesthesiology 31:290-291, 1969.Crossref 3. MacCabe BF: Management of hyperfunction of the facial nerve . Ann Otol 79:252-258, 1970.
Tomita, Hiroshi;Hayakawa, Wataru
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080558015
Abstract The complement fixing (C-F) antibody titers to varicella-zoster and herpes simplex virus in 80 cases of peripheral facial nerve paralysis were determined in association with the inflammatory findings in the increased antibody group. Of 22 patients with Ramsay-Hunt's syndrome, 18 (81%) showed more than eightfold increases in complement fixing antibody titer to the varicella-zoster virus. Significant differences between this group and the normal control group were recognized. On the other hand, 11 (25%) of 44 cases initially diagnosed as idiopathic Bell's Palsy in the acute stage showed increased antibody titer. It was found that serological testing of paired sera was necessary to differentiate idiopathic Bell's palsy from Ramsay-Hunt's syndrome. The clinical findings in these cases were analyzed for relative symptoms and signs of viral infections. References 1. Rosenberger HC: Herpes zoster oticus with facial palsy and acoustic symptoms: A subjective experience . Ann Otol 50:271-279, 1941. 2. Denny-Brown D, Adams RD, Fitzgerald PJ: Pathologic features of herpes zoster: A note on "geniculate herpes." Arch Neurol Psychiat 51:216-231, 1944.Crossref 3. Peitersen E, Caunt AE: The incidence of herpes zoster antibodies in patients with peripheral facial palsy . J Laryng 54:65-70, 1970.Crossref 4. Aitken RS, Brain RT: Facial palsy and infection with zoster virus . Lancet 224:19-22, 1933.Crossref 5. Minowada H: Clinical study on the facial nerve paralysis . Prac Otol Kyoto 62:735-798, 1969.Crossref 6. Hondo R, et al: Virology of the hand, foot and mouth disease . Igaku No Ayumi 74:223-224, 1970. 7. Nathalie JS, Lennette EH, Magoffin RL: Immunological relationship between herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses demonstrated by complement-fixation, neutralization and fluorescent antibody tests . J Gen Virol 4:321-328, 1969.Crossref 8. Yoshino K, et al: A serological survey for antibodies against herpes simplex virus with special reference of comparatively heat-labile complement-fixing antibodies . Japan J Med Sci Biol 15:235-247, 1962.Crossref 9. Yoshino K: Epidemiology of viral infection . Virus 17:64-67, 1967.
Kitamura, Takeshi;Togawa, Kiyoshi;Tsukamoto, Kaichi;Naito, Junya
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080563016pmid: 4553069
Abstract Facial trauma, malignant tumors, and surgical injury were major causes of extratemporal facial nerve paralysis in our series of 32 patients on whom nerve repair was performed. Imperfect but excellent functional restoration was brought about by nerve suture in five patients, by nerve grafting in 18, and by nerve decompression in two. The results of nerve anastomosis in seven patients were disappointing. Success in the facial nerve repair required accurate preoperative diagnosis of the site and severity of the nerve injury and of malignant lesions by sialography and electrophysiological examinations. Process of functional recovery after the repair observed clinically and by electromyography was corroborated by the histological findings in experimental animals. References 1. Sistrunk WE: Mixed tumors of the parotid gland . Minnesota Med 4:155-160, 1921. 2. Adson AW, Ott WO: Preservation of the facial nerve in the radical treatment of parotid tumors . Arch Otolaryng 6:739-746, 1923. 3. Conley JJ: Facial nerve grafting in treatment of parotid gland tumors . Arch Surg 70:359-366, 1955.Crossref 4. Conley JJ: Facial rehabilitation following radical parotid-gland surgery . Arch Otolaryng 66:58-66, 1957.Crossref 5. Conley JJ: Facial nerve grafting . Arch Otolaryng 73:322-327, 1961.Crossref 6. Lathrop FD: Management of the facial nerve during operation on the parotid gland . Ann Otol 72:780-801, 1963. 7. Miehlke, A: Die Chirurgie des Nervus Facialis . Urban & Schwarzenberg, München, 1960. 8. Kettel K: Repair of the facial nerve after facial palsies . Arch Otolaryng 66:634-672, 1957.Crossref 9. Maxwell JH: Repair of the facial nerve after facial lacerations . Trans Amer Ophthal Soc 58:733-740, 1954. 10. Lagge-Hellman JE: Facial nerve in pnrotidectomies . Arch Otolaryng 81:527-533, 1965.Crossref 11. Kitamura T, Ishiura J, Katsuta S, et al: Surgery of parotid gland tumors . Shinryoshitsu 7:261-265, 1955. 12. Kitamura T, Togawa K, Noguchi Y, et al: Management of the facial nerve in parotid tumor surgeries . Jap J Plast Reconstr Surg 11:72-74, 1968. 13. Kitamura T, Yamazaki H: Distribution of the facial nerve in the parotid gland . Jap J Otol 61:141-144, 1958. 14. Kitamura T, Kaneko T, Asano H, et al: Ultrasonic diagnosis in otorhinolaryngology . Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat Monthly 48:329-337, 1969. 15. Fukuyama U: On the constituents of the hypogastric nerve . Fukushima J Med Sci 1:117-139, 1954.
Yanagihara, Naoaki;Kishimoto, Masao
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080570017pmid: 5018261
Abstract Nerve excitability test, intensity-duration curve, and measurements of action potentials evoked by facial nerve stimulation (evoked electromyography) were made on 146 patients, ie, 117 with Bell's palsy, 14 with Ramsay Hunt's syndrome, and 15 with traumatic palsy. Surgical decompressions were performed on 34 patients. Long-term follow-up studies indicated that evoked electromyography was valuable for detecting minor and incipient denervation. By collating these three electrodiagnostic results, accurate differentiation could be made between physiological block and various degrees of denervation. A statistical analysis of the data obtained confirmed the advantage of early decompression in patients with Bell's and traumatic palsies whose electrodiagnostic findings suggest advanced denervation irreversible by conservative treatment. References 1. Alford BR: Electrodiagnostic studies in facial paralysis . Arch Otolaryng 85:259-264, 1967.Crossref 2. Asakura H: Clinical investigations on peripheral facial palsy . Pract Otol 62:1237-1264, 1969.Crossref 3. Campbell EDR: A simple prognostic test in facial palsy . J Laryng 77:462-466, 1963.Crossref 4. Cawthorne T, Wilson T: Indication for intratemporal facial nerve surgery . Arch Otolaryng 78:429-434, 1963.Crossref 5. Collier J: Electrodiagnosis and surgical indications in facial palsy . Arch Otolaryng 78:421-426, 1963.Crossref 6. Hilger JA: Facial nerve stimulator . Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 68:74-76, 1964. 7. Jongkees LBW: Tests for facial nerve function . Arch Otolaryng 89:153-156, 1969. 8. Laumans EPJ, Jongkees LBW: On the prognosis of peripheral facial paralysis of endotemporal origin : (Part 2) : Ann Otol 72:621-636, 1963. 9. McGovern FH: The use of the nerve excitability test in paralysis of the facial nerve . Laryngoscope 76:955-960, 1966. 10. Laumans EPJ: Nerve excitability tests in facial paralysis . Arch Otolaryng 81:478-485, 1965.Crossref 11. Richardson AT: Electrodiagnosis of facial palsies . Ann Otol 72:569-580, 1963. 12. Parsons RC: Electrical stimulation of the facial nerve . Laryngoscope 76:391-406, 1966.Crossref 13. Yanagihara N, Kishimoto M: Significance of electrodiagnosis in facial palsy . Pract Otol 62:561-571, 1969.Crossref 14. Hiestand P, Kaeser H, Kocher R, et al: EMG und Facialis Dekompression bei Bell'scher Lähmung . Pract Otorhinolaryng 31:144-153, 1969. 15. Wigand ME: Die Prognose der Idiopathischen (Bellschen) Facialis Parese bei Electromyografischer Indikationsstellung zur Dekompressions-operation . Z Laryng Rhinol 46:439-451, 1967. 16. Wigand ME, Spreng M, Bumm P: Computer-Analyse von Facialis-Elektromyogrammen: 1 . Acta Otolaryng 66:296-304, 1968.Crossref 17. Totsuka G, Hirose H, Kobayashi T, et al: A clinical and electromyographic study of postoperative facial palsy . Pract Otorhinolaryng 32:17-28, 1970. 18. Loebell E: Untersuchungen über die Reizleitungsgeschwindigkeit in Nervus Facialis . Z Laryng Rhinol 44:685-690. 1965. 19. Taverner D: Electrodiagnosis in facial palsy . Arch Otolaryng 81:470-477, 1965.Crossref 20. Yanagihara N, Kishimoto M: Evoked electromyography in facial paralysis . Pract Otol 63:474-480, 1970.Crossref 21. Yanagihara N, Kishimoto M: Nerve conduction study in facial palsy. Arch Klin Exp Ohr Nas Kehlkopfheilk, to be published. 22. Lambert EH: Diagnostic value of electrical stimulation of motor nerve . Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 22:9-16, 1962. 23. Jongkees LBW: Bell's palsy: A surgical emergency? Arch Otolaryng 81:497-501, 1965.Crossref 24. Jongkees LBW: The timing of surgery in intratemporal facial paralysis . Laryngoscope 79:1557-1561, 1969.Crossref
Tomita, Hiroshi;Okuda, Yukio;Tomiyama, Hirohiko;Kida, Akinori
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080577018pmid: 5018262
Abstract Gustatory function was examined in the early stages of idiopathic Bell's palsy (74 cases) and Ramsay Hunt's syndrome (21 cases). It was found that electrogustometry, used to estimate the degree of gustatory disturbance and to follow its development in these cases, contributes not only to determining lesion location but to establishing prognosis of the paralysis. Our study to date allows no optimism concerning cases of complete facial paralysis associated with severe disturbance of the gustatory function. Moreover, as recovery of the gustatory function precedes that of facial movement in most cases, and as the motor nerve fibers usually begin to degenerate two weeks after onset, it was determined that patients should be examined within at least one week after onset. References 1. Krarup B: Electrogustometric examination in cerebellopontine tumors and on taste pathways . Neurology 9:53-61, 1959.Crossref 2. Pascher W, Tomita H: Otoneurologische Befunde nach Entfernung von Kleinhirnbrukenwinkeltumoren . Arch Ohr Nas Kehlkheilk 183:217-221, 1964.Crossref 3. Tomita H: Facial palsy and electrogustometry . Pract Otol Kyoto 61:419-429, 1968.Crossref 4. Pascher W, Fischer PA: Beitrag zur Bestimmung des anatomischen Verlaufs der Geschmacksbahnen der vorderen Zungendrittel . HNO 16:11-16, 1968. 5. Bull TR: Taste and the chorda tympani . J Laryng 79:479-493, 1965.Crossref 6. Krarup B: Taste reactions of patients with Bell's palsy . Acta Otolaryng 49:389-399, 1958.Crossref 7. Taverner D: Electrodiagnosis in facial palsy . Arch Otolaryng 81:470-477, 1965.Crossref 8. Tomita H, Tomiyama H, Okuda Y: Electrogustometer . Otorhinolaryngology 12:53-56, 1969. 9. Tomita H, et al: Electrogustometer: Some basic problems . Japan J Otol 72:18-25, 1969. 10. Yanagihara N, Kishimoto M: Electrogustometry: Its clinical significances . Pract Otol Kyoto 61:430-435, 1968.Crossref 11. Miyoshi Y, et al: The clinical use of electrogustometer by Krarup's . Japan J Otol 71:1477-1483, 1968. 12. Yoshino, et al: Electrogustometry in clinical application . Otologia 41:333-338, 1969. 13. Tomita H, et al: Measuring values of electric taste . Japan J Otol 73:1158-1159, 1970. 14. Krarup B: Electrogustometry: A method for clinical taste examinations . Acta Otolaryng 49:294-305, 1958.Crossref 15. Harbert F, Wagner S, Young IM: The quantitative measurement of taste function . Arch Otolaryng 75:138-143, 1962.Crossref 16. Berndt H, Gerhardt HJ, Wagner H: Zur klinschen Electrogustometrie . HNO 14:340-343, 1966. 17. Pulec JL, House WF: Facial nerve involvement and testing in acoustic neuromas . Arch Otolaryng 80:685-692, 1964.Crossref 18. Fons M, Osterhammel PA: Electro-gustometry . J Laryng 82:85-100, 1968.Crossref 19. Alias Y, Jauhiainen T: Discrimination in electric taste . Acta Otolaryng 65:420-425, 1968.Crossref 20. Jepsen O: Topognosis of facial nerve lesions . Arch Otolaryng 81:446-457, 1965.Crossref
1972 Archives of Otolaryngology
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080585019
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract AMA ANNUAL CONVENTION SAN FRANCISCO JUNE 18 to 22, 1972 Section on Otorhinolaryngology Representative for Program: William H. Wilson, MD, DenverAssistant Representative for Program: Richard B. Carley, MD, St. Paul Monday, June 19, 10 AM Del Webb Townehouse, Golden Gate Room Joint Meeting With the Section on PediatricsPresiding: John F. Daly, MD, New YorkSymposium on Pediatric Problems in OtolaryngologyPanel I. Airway Problems in Children Moderator: Seymour R. Cohen, MD, Los AngelesParticipants: Burton F. Jaffe, MD, West Newton, Mass; Myles G. Turtz, MD, Philadelphia; George B. Lewis, Jr., MD, Los Angeles; William H. Tooley, MD, San Francisco; and Sanford Sherman, MD, Lafayette, CalifPanel II. Otitis Media With EffusionModerator: Fred H. Linthicum, Jr., MD, Los AngelesParticipants: Seymour J. Brockman, MD, Los Angeles; Malcolm D. Graham, MD, Los Angeles; Oscar L. Frick, MD, San Francisco; and Henry R. Shinefield, MD, San Francisco 12 Noon Business