A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

FREEDMAN, LOUIS M.

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040001001pmid: 13258011

Abstract A study of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in dogs was undertaken for the purpose of finding a way of altering the muscular control of the vocal cords so as to release either or both of them from the adducted position and so avoid the need for a permanent tracheotomy tube. Study of the muscular control of the larynx suggested that a more satisfactory solution of the problem than removal of the arytenoid and changing the position of a cord, as is done in the King, Kelly, and Woodman1 operations, should be possible (Fig. 1). Semon's Law* states that in bilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis adduction prevails longer than abduction because the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, which controls the latter position, fails first. Murtagh and Campbell † lent support to this law by observing in animal experiments that the fibers of the adductor muscles were greater in size and number than References 1. Woodman, DeG.: The Open Approach to Arytenoidectomy for Bilateral Abductor Paralysis, with a Report of 23 Cases , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 57:695 ( (Sept.) ) 1948. 2. Semon, F.: Clinical Remarks on the Proclivity of the Abductor Fibres of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve to Become Affected Sooner than the Adductor Fibres , Arch. Laryng. 2:197 ( (July 1) ) 1881. 3. Semon, F., and Horsley, V.: On an Apparently Peripheral and Differential Action of Ether upon the Laryngeal Muscles , Brit. M. J. 2:405 and 445 ( (Aug. 28) ) 1886. 4. Murtagh, J. A., and Campbell, C. J.: Respiratory Function of Larynx: The Relation of Fibre Size to Function in the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve , Laryngoscope 61:581 ( (July) ) 1951. 5. Murtagh, J. A., and Campbell, C. J.: Physiology of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 12:1398 ( (Oct.) ) 1952. 6. Clerf, L. H., and Baltzell, W. H.: Re-Evaluation of Semon's Hypothesis , Laryngoscope 63:693 ( (Aug.) ) 1953. 7. Lemere, F.: Innervation of the Larynx: Innervation of Laryngeal Muscles , Am. J. Anat. 51:417 ( (Nov.) ) 1932. 8. Hooper, F. H.: Experimental Researches on the Tension of the Vocal Bands , Arch. Laryng. , (Supp. 4) , p. 1, 1883. 9. Terracol, J.: Les Paralysies laryngées périphériques: Etat neuro-laryngologique de la question , Rev. laryng. 52:231 ( (April 15) ) and 271 (April 30) 1931. 10. Fischer, N. D.: Preliminary Report on Application of the Motor Function of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 61:352 ( (June) ) 1952. 11. Dilworth, T. F. M.: The Nerves of the Human Larynx , J. Anat. 56:48, 1921-1922. 12. Blumgart, H. L.; Levine, S. A., and Berlin, D. D.: Congestive Heart Failure and Angina Pectoris , Arch. Int. Med. 51:866 ( (June) ) 1933. 13. Freedman, L. M.: Treatment of Angina Pectoris and Congestive Heart Failure by Total Ablation of Thyroid: The Importance of Laryngoscopic Examination as a Means of Preventing Bilateral Paralysis of the Vocal Cords , Arch. Otolaryng. 19:383 ( (March) ) 1934.

PERSKY, A. H.

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040008002pmid: 13258012

Abstract As long ago as 1949 it was observed1 that intramuscular or oral administration of the adrenocortical hormones resulted in a beneficial effect on inflamed nasal tissue; however, the use of these hormones in the commonly prescribed doses is accompanied by difficulties of administration and risks of side-effects,* which considerably lessens their value. Recently, several investigators † have reported that an extremely dilute (0.020%) solution of hydrocortisone combined with two vasoconstrictors ‡ is a safe, considerably effective local therapy for ameliorating allergic inflammation and for reducing nasal polyps. The preparation was found to be of less value in treating acute rhinitis, and a very limited investigation4 suggested that the addition of antibiotics to the solution might provide a more effective therapy for inflammations of the nasal mucosa which are caused or accompanied by bacterial infection. Accordingly, the present study was undertaken to determine what value, if any, a topically References 1. Bordley, J. E., and others: Preliminary Observations on Effect of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) in Allergic Diseases , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 85:396-398 ( (Nov.) ) 1949. 2. Dill, J. L., and Bolstead, D. S.: Observations on the Local Use of Cortisone in the Nose in Allergic Rhinitis , Laryngoscope 61:415-422 ( (May) ) 1951.Crossref 3. Williams, H. L.: Concept of Allergy as Autonomic Dysfunction Suggested as Improved Working Hypothesis , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 55:123-146 ( (Nov.-Dec.) ) 1950. 4. Silcox, L. E.: The Intranasal Use of Hydrocortisone Alcohol , A. M. A. Arch. Otolaryng. 60:431-439 ( (Oct.) ) 1954.Crossref 5. Tuft, H. S.: Topical Use of Hydrocortisone Alcohol in the Treatment of Hay Fever , Ann. Allergy 12:687-691 ( (Nov.-Dec.) ) 1954. 6. Pennypacker, C. S.: Hydrocortisone Alcohol in the Local Treatment of Hay Fever , J. Allergy 25:513-520 ( (Nov.) ) 1954.Crossref

KELEMEN, GEORGE

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040011003pmid: 13258013

Abstract Discussion on the combination of diabetes with ear disease is 100 years old. In his historical survey Lederer (1926) mentioned Jordão as the first to have published, in 1857, a case history of diabetes accompanied by deafness. Leaving aside considerations as to the eczematous and other skin conditions in the external auditory canal that are frequently found in diabetes, these hundred years have seen great variations in the manner in which the topic has been handled. The first symptoms to attract attention were deafness and dizziness. During the period of great and rapid advance in temporal bone surgery the interest switched to diseases of the middle ear and their complications, and the destructions caused by diabetes were recognized as of a particularly vicious nature (the "diabetic, necrotic otitis media" of the textbooks). Lately, sulfonamides and antibiotics have reduced the destructivity of the inflammatory process, and insulin has taken over control References 1. Dr. Priscilla White, member of the Joslin Clinic, furnished the data regarding the diabetic mother. 2. Adler, F. H.: Textbook of Ophthalmology , Ed. 5, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1953. 3. Alexander, F., and Manasse, P.: Über die Beziehungen der chronischen, progressiven, labyrinthäten Schwerhörigkeit zur Ménièreschen Krankheit , Ztschr. Ohrenh. 55:183-199, 1908. 4. Baratoux, J.: Changes in the Internal Ear in Hereditary Syphilis , Tr. Internat. Congr. Med., Washington 9:850-852, 1887. 5. Buck, A. H.: Cases Illustrating Some of the More Unusual Forms of Ear Disease , M. Rec. 6:362-366 ( (Oct. 2) ) 1871. 6. Camisasca, L.: L'Esame dell'apparato cocleovestibolare nel diabete mellito , Gior. sc. med. 5:45-49 ( (March) ) 1950. 7. Cojazzi, L.: Il Diabete mellito in otorinolaringoiatria , Arcispedale S. Anna Ferrara 3:76-96, 1950. 8. Dieulafoy, G.: De La Sturdité comme signe de la maladie de Bright , France méd. 24:122-123 ( (Feb. 24) ) 1877. 9. Downie, J. W.: Deafness in Bright's Disease , Glasgow M. J. 24:410-413 ( (Dec.) ) 1885. 10. Duncan, G., and Fetter, F.: Diabetes and Pregnancy , in Duncan, G.: Diseases of Metabolism , Ed. 2, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1949, pp. 854-865. 11. Edgar, T. O.: Klinische Untersuchungen über die Erkrankungen des Gehörorgans bei Diabetes mellitus mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Erkrankungen des inneren Ohres , Monatsschr. Ohrenh. 49:225-260 ( (April-May) ) 1915. 12. Grahe, K.: Hör- und Gleichgewichtsstörungen bei Nephritis , Ztschr. Hals- Nasen. u. Ohrenh. 8:375-481, 1924. 13. Grünberg, K.: Septische Blutungen in die Scheiden der Rami recurrentes vagi als Ursache einer doppelseitigen Posticus-Lähmung und septische Blutungen im Modiolus der Schnecke und den Scheiden des Nervus acusticus , Ztschr. Ohrenh. 59:174-180, 1909. 14. Hegener, J.: Klinische Beiträge zur Frage der akuten toxischen und infektiösen Neuritis des Nervus acusticus , Ztschr. Ohrenh. 55:92-120, 1908. 15. Jordão, A. M. D.: Considération sur un cas du diabète , Union méd. Canada 11:446 ( (Sept. 22) ) 1857. 16. Joslin, E. P.: A Renaissance of the Control of Diabetes , J. A. M. A. 156:1584-1585 ( (Dec. 25) ) 1954.Crossref 17. Kelemen, G.: Changes in the Elements of the Petrous Bone in Congenital Syphilis , Orvosképzés 19:157-162, 1929 18. Oto-rhino-laryng., Fukuoka 2:1005-1015 ( (Nov.) ) 1929. 19. Experimental Defects in the Ear and the Upper Airways Induced by Radiation , A. M. A. Arch. Otolaryng. 61:405-418 ( (April) ) 1955.Crossref 20. Krepuska, G., and Krepuska, I.: Textbook of Otology (in Hungarian) , Budapest, Magyar Orvosi Könyvkiadó Társulat, 1936. 21. Lederer, L.: Erkrankungen des Ohres bei Diabetes mellitus , in Handbuch der Hals- Nasen- Ohrenheilkunde mit Einschluss der Grenzgebiete , edited by A. Denker and O. Kahler, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, and München, J. F. Bergmann, 1926, Vol. 6, pp. 655-664. 22. Liebermeister: Über die Anwendung der Diaphorese bei chronischem Morbus Brightii , Vrtljschr. prakt. Heilk. 71:1-101, 1861. 23. Lynch, R. C.: The Role of the Ear as a Complication to General Manifestations of Disease , New Orleans M. & S. J. 65:26-29 ( (June) ) 1912. 24. Manasse, P.: Zur pathologischen Anatomie des inneren Ohres und des Hörnerven: III. Mittheilung , Ztschr. Ohrenh. 49:109-136, 1904. 25. ManasseGrünberg, K., and Lange, W.: Handbuch der pathologischen Anatomie des menschlichen Ohres , Wiesbaden, J. F. Bergmann, 1917. 26. Marullo, T.: Osservazioni clinico-audiometriche in soggetti diabetici , Arcispedale S. Anna Ferrara 3:233-244, 1950. 27. Morhenn, F.: Diabetes mellitus und Ohr , Internat. Zentralbl. Ohren. 26:343-364 ( (Oct.) ) 1926. 28. Mosher, H. P.: Does Animal Experimentation Show Similar Changes in the Ear of the Mother and Fetus After the Ingestion of Quinine by the Mother? Laryngoscope 48:361-395 ( (June) ) 1938.Crossref 29. Politzer, A.: A Text-Book of the Diseases of the Ear , Ed. 5, London, Baillière, Tindall & Cox, 1909. 30. Rayer, P. F. O.: Traité des maladies des reins , Paris, J. B. Baillière, 1839-1841. 31. Raynaud, M.: De L'Otite diabétique , Ann. mal. l'oreille, du larynx 7:63-73 ( (May) ) 1881. 32. Richards, J. D.: Mastoiditis Occurring in Diabetic Subjects, with Report of Cases , Arch. Otol. 36:15-53 ( (Jan.-Feb.) ) 1907. 33. Root, H. F.: The Ears in Diabetes , in Joslin, E. P.: The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus , Ed. 8, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1948, pp. 632-633. 34. The Eyes and Diabetes , in Joslin, E. P.; Root, H. F.; White, P., and Marble, A.: The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus , Ed. 9, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1952, pp. 528-546. 35. Schall, L. A.; Lurie, M. H., and Kelemen, G.: Embryonic Hearing Organs After Maternal Rubella , Laryngoscope 61:99-112 ( (Feb.) ) 1951.Crossref 36. Schroeder, H.: Gibt es eine diabetische Schwerhö rigkeit? Ztschr. Laryng. Rhin. Otol. 33:498-502 ( (July-Aug.) ) 1954. 37. Schwartze, H.: Lehrbuch der chirurgischen Krankheiten des Ohres , Stuttgart, Ferdinand Enke, 1885. 38. Steinbrügge, H.: Die pathologische Anatomie des Gehörorganes , in Orth, J.: Lehrbuch der speciellen pathologischen Anatomie , Berlin, August Hirschwald, 1891. 39. Toynbee, J.: The Diseases of the Ear , Ed. 2, Philadelphia, Blanchard & Lea, 1865. 40. Wertheim, E.: Zuckerkrankheit und Ohrenleiden , Zentralbl. Hals- Nasen- u. Ohrenh. 4:273-292 ( (Aug.) ) and 337-376 (Sept.) 1924. 41. White, P.: Infants of Diabetic Mothers , Virginia M. Month. 70:436-440 ( (Sept.) ) 1943. 42. Pregnancy Complicating Diabetes , in Joslin. E. P.; Root, H. F.; White, P., and Marble, A.: The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus , Ed. 9. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1952, pp. 677-698 43. Wislocki, G. B., and Ladman, A. J.: Selective and Histochemical Staining of the Otolithic Membranes, Cupulae and Tectorial Membrane of the Inner Ear , J. Anat. 89:3-12 ( (Jan.) ) 1955. 44. Wittmaack, K.: Weitere Beiträge zur Kenntnis der degenerativen Neuritis und Atrophie des Hörnerven , Ztschr. Ohrenh. 53:1-36, 1906-1907. 45. Zorzoli, G. C., and Zorzoli, E.: Ricerche istochimiche sulla membrana tectoria dell'organo del Corti dell'orecchio interno . Biol. latina 7:478-493, 1954.

STATON, Y. A.

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040024004pmid: 13258014

Abstract Through the work of Costen and others the concept of a temporomandibular joint syndrome has become well known and widely accepted. This concept is now an integral part of the working knowledge of the clinician. Considerable literature from medical and dental sources has accumulated. However, there have been few references indicating a psychosomatic relation to the syndrome. This is interesting, since in personal experience as well as in the experience of colleagues with whom the matter has been discussed it appears that many cases of temporomandibular joint disturbance have a definite psychosomatic aspect. A discussion of the psychosomatic relation to the temporomandibular joint syndrome is the basis of this report. HISTORICAL REVIEW In 1920 W. H. Wright33 reported a case in which deafness was relieved after correction of malposition of the mandibular joint. G. H. Wright32 in 1925 discussed the importance of malposition of the mandibular joint and References 1. Froeschels, E., cited in Hygiene of the Voice.21 2. The sedative used in these cases contained belladonna tincture (0.5), potassium bromide (0.5), and phenobarbital (0.015). 3. Axhausen, G. D.: Das Kiefergelenkknachen und seine Behandlung , Deutsche Ztschr. Chir. 241:232-238, 1933. 4. Bauer, W. H.: Osteo-Arthritis Deformans of the Temporomandibular Joint , Am. J. Path. 17:129-140 ( (Jan.) ) 1941. 5. Bayles, T. B., and Russell, L. A.: The Temporomandibular Joint in Rheumatoid Arthritis , J. A. M. A. 116:2842-2845 ( (June 28) ) 1941Crossref 6. J. Am. Dent. A. 28:533-539 ( (April) ) 1941. 7. Block, L. S.: Temporomandibular Syndrome as Related to Full Denture Prosthesis , J. Am. Dent. A. 42:428-434 ( (April) ) 1951. 8. Costen, J. B.: A Syndrome of Ear and Sinus Symptoms Dependent upon Disturbed Function of the Temporomandibular Joint , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 43:1-15 ( (March) ) 1934. 9. Costen, J. B.: Gossodynia: Reflex Irritation from the Mandibular Joint as the Principal Etiologic Factor: Study of 10 Cases , Arch. Otolaryng. 22:554-564 ( (Nov.) ) 1935. 10. Costen, J. B.: Neuralgias and Ear Symptoms Associated with Disturbed Function of the Temporomandibular Joint , J. A. M. A. 107:252-255 ( (July 25) ) 1936. 11. Costen, J. B.: The Mechanism of Trismus and Its Occurrence in Mandibular Joint Dysfunction , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 48:499-514 ( (June) ) 1939. 12. Costen, J. B.: Reflex Effects Produced by Abnormal Movement of the Lower Jaw , Arch. Otolaryng. 36:548-555 ( (Oct.) ) 1942. 13. Costen, J. B.: Diagnosis of Mandibular Joint Neuralgia and Its Place in General Head Pain , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 53:655-659 ( (Dec.) ) 1944 14. Wisconsin M. J. 44:608-610 ( (June) ) 1945. 15. Costen, J. B.; Clare, M. H., and Bishop, G. H.: The Transmission of Pain Impulses via the Chorda Tympani Nerve , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 60:591-609 ( (Sept.) ) 1951. 16. Costen, J. B.: The Present Status of the Mandibular Joint Syndrome in Otolaryngology , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 56:809-823 ( (Nov.-Dec.) ) 1951. 17. Craddock, F. W.: Review of Costen's Syndrome , Brit. Dent. J. 91:199-204 ( (Oct. 16) ) 1951. 18. Craddock, F. W.: Revue sur le syndrom de Costen , Odontologie 73:19-27 ( (Jan.) ) 1952. 19. Epstein, C. M.: The Temporomandibular Articulation Syndrome , Am. J. M. Sc. 22:457-461 ( (April) ) 1951. 20. Ernst, E. C., and Costen, J. B.: X-Ray Study in Relation to the Mandibular Joint Syndrome , Radiology 30:68-75 ( (Jan.) ) 1938. 21. Fauconnier, H., and Ketelslegers, J.: Le Syndrom de Costen , Arch. stomatol. 5:195-215 ( (Oct.) ) 1950. 22. Goodfriend, D. J.: Symptomatology and Treatment of Abnormalities of the Mandibular Articulation , Dent. Cosmos 75:844-852, 947-959, 1106-1111, 1933 23. J. Am. Dent. A. 21:204-218, 1934. 24. Greene, E.: Temporomandibular Joint: Dental Aspects , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 46:150-157 ( (March) ) 1937. 25. Greer, C., and Withers, B. T.: Review of Costen's Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome: Report of a Typical Case , Texas Rep. Biol. & Med. 6:23-33, 1948. 26. Hygiene of the Voice , editorial, J. A. M. A. 135:1154-1155 ( (Dec. 27) ) 1947. 27. Kelly, W. J., and Langheinz, H. W.: Dental Treatment for the Prevention of Aerotitis Media , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 55:13-28 ( (March) ) 1946. 28. Moreno, B. A.: Síndrome témporo-mandibular odontógeno de Costen , Día méd. 19:1361-1364 ( (July 28) ) 1947. 29. Poweleit, A. C.: Ear Pain and Its Relation to Costen's Syndrome , J. Kentucky M. A. 49:494-496 ( (Nov.) ) 1951. 30. Rogers, A. P.: Living Orthodontic Appliances , Internat. J. Orthodontia 15:1-14 ( (Jan.) ) 1929. 31. Seaver, E. P., Jr.: Temporomandibular Joint Malocclusion and the Inner Ear: A Neuromuscular Explanation , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 46:140-149 ( (March) ) 1937. 32. Seaver, E. P., Jr.: The Malocclusion Factor in Obstruction of the Eustachian Tube , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 59:391-398 ( (June) ) 1950. 33. Shapiro, H. H., and Truex, R. C.: The Temporomandibular Joint and the Auditory Function , J. Am. Dent. A. 30:1147-1168 ( (Aug. 1) ) 1943. 34. Sicher, H.: Some Aspects of the Anatomy and Pathology of the Temporomandibular Articulation , New York Dent. J. 14:451-469 ( (Oct.) ) 1948. 35. Steinhardt, G.: Zur Pathologie und Therapie des Kiefergelenkknachens , Deutsche Ztschr. Chir. 241:531-552, 1933. 36. Steinmann, E. P., and Schatzmann, E.: Beitrag zur Frage des Costenschen Syndroms , Monatsschr. Ohrenh. 86:60-71 ( (Jan.-March) ) 1952. 37. Wright, G. H.: Headaches and Referred Pains: Dental Aspects , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 34:700-705 ( (Sept.) ) 1925. 38. Wright, W. H.: Deafness as Influenced by Malposition of the Jaws , J. Nat. Dent. A. 7:979-990 ( (Dec.) ) 1920.

WEINSTEIN, SAMUEL

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040034005pmid: 13258015

Abstract According to Jackson and Jackson,1 statistics show that malignant disease of the larynx is uncommon before 25 years of age. Most of the cases occur in patients over 40. However, they state that it has occurred in a patient 3 years of age. This, however, is an exceedingly rare exception to the rule. Their statistics showed that of 688 cases of malignant disease of the larynx 635 occurred in men (92.3%) and 53 (7.7%) were in women. Walsh and Beamer2 reported two cases of epidermoid carcinoma of the larynx occurring in two children with papilloma of the larynx: a boy of 12 and a girl of 11. Negus,3 in reporting on a series of cases of carcinoma of the larynx (93 intrinsic and 94 extrinsic), found in his series of 93 intrinsic cases 90 men and 3 women. The youngest patient was a woman of 26 years References 1. Jackson, C., and Jackson, C. L.: Cancer of the Larynx , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1939, Chap. 23 , p. 217. 2. Walsh, T. E., and Beamer, P. R.: Epidermoid Carcinoma of the Larynx Occurring in 2 Children with Papilloma of the Larynx , Laryngoscope 60:1110-1124 ( (Nov.) ) 1950. 3. Negus, V. E.: Intrinsic Cancer of the Larynx: Review of a Series of Cases , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 40:515-524 ( (July) ) 1947. 4. Martin, H.: Cancer of the Larynx , Reprint from Nelson's Loose-Leaf Surgery, Nose and Throat Volume , New York, Thos. Nelson & Sons, 1947, p. 433. 5. Orton, H. B.: Carcinoma of the Larynx: Clinical Report of a Case — Age 131/2 Years , Laryngoscope 57:299-303 ( (April) ) 1947. 6. LeJeune, F. E., and Lynch, M.: Laryngectomies in Review: 20 Years' Experience , South. M. J. 45:12-16 ( (Jan.) ) 1952.Crossref

GOLDSTEIN, LOUIS J.;DALY, SYLVESTER

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040038006pmid: 13258016

Abstract Since the introduction by Duggar of chlortetracycline (Aureomycin) in 1948 and the subsequent search for and discovery of other antibiotics, an enormous amount of work has been done by clinicians and bacteriologists on antibiotic specificity. Selection of a suitable antibiotic in treating infections of the ears and sinuses during World War II was simple. Near the front lines only the sulfonamides were available for use. The sulfonamides were widely used locally and systemically, with good results. In the nine years following the war, approximately 45,000 veterans were seen at the ENT Clinic of the New York Regional Office of the Veterans Administration. Most of the chronic infections encountered at this time proved to be resistant to the sulfonamides and to penicillin. It became imperative to study the bacterial flora in the veteran population and find what antibiotic to use in each individual case. The patients studied were veterans of the References 1. Das, T., and others: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media , A. M. A. Arch. Otolaryng. 60:158-171 ( (Aug.) ) 1954.Crossref 2. Dubos, R. J., Editor: Bacterial and Mycotic Infections of Man , New York, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1948. 3. Goldman, J. L.: Bacteriologic and Cytologic Criteria for Diagnosis in Nasal and Sinus Disease: Basis and Interpretation , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 58:68-72 ( (Jan.-Feb.) ) 1954. 4. Goodman, L. S., and Gilman, A.: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , Ed. 2, New York, The Macmillan Company, 1955, pp. 1333-1334. 5. Hansel, F. K.: Allergic and Other Untoward Reactions to Antibiotics and Drugs , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 58:73-78 ( (Jan.-Feb.) ) 1954. 6. Hearn, P. R.: Chloramphenicol , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 63:310-323 ( (June) ) 1954. 7. Jawetz, E., and Gunnison, J. B.: An Experimental Basis of Combined Antibiotic Action , J. A. M. A. 150:693-695 ( (Oct. 18) ) 1952. 8. McLaurin, J. W.: Otitis Externa: The Facts of the Matter , J. A. M. A. 154:207-213 ( (Jan. 16) ) 1954. 9. Senturia, B. H., and Carruthers, C.: Prophylaxis of External Otitis , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 63:97-100 ( (March) ) 1954.

ELSEN, JOHN

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040044007

Abstract The maintenance of ventilation and drainage of the maxillary sinus is a wellestablished principle in treatment of infections of this cavity. Since the sulfonamides, penicillin, and other antibiotics have been available, most otolaryngologists use them as supportive therapy during the early stages of the acute infection, while others rely on them for a cure. For the subacute and long-standing acute maxillary sinus infections, the same opinions hold. Opinions as to the value of antibiotics administered topically within the sinuses are quite varied. Ballenger and Ballenger1 feel that, while concentrations of penicillin greater than 400 units per cubic centimeter inhibit ciliary action in the normal mucosa, instillation of penicillin solutions of 500 to 1000 units per cubic centimeter into the infected maxillary sinus after irrigation is very beneficial. Studies by Fenton and Larsell2 indicate that penicillin in concentrations of 2000 units per cubic centimeter rapidly destroyed streptococci when applied References 1. Ballenger, W. L., and Ballenger, H. C.: Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Ear , Ed. 9, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1947. 2. Fenton, R. A., and Larsell, O.: Tissue Changes in Sinus Membranes After Penicillin Treatment , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 56:248 ( (June) ) 1947. 3. Van Alyea, O. E.: Nasal Sinuses , Ed. 2. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1951. 4. Boies, L. R.: Management of Chronic Sinus Disease: Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis , A. M. A. Arch. Otolaryng. 59:36 ( (Jan.) ) 1954. 5. Morrison, W. W.: Diseases of the Ear, Nose and Throat , New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc.. 1948. 6. Forman, F. S.: A Procedure for Instilling Penicillin into the Antrum , Arch. Otolaryng. 45:593 ( (May) ) 1947.

HAMRICK, D. W.

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040047008pmid: 13258018

Abstract Anesthesia has been one of medicine's greatest contributions to humanity. No doubt its use has been a great factor in increasing man's longevity, in that it has made possible corrective surgical procedures that otherwise would have been impossible. But, like every other great advance in medicine, it has been by trial and error that we have arrived at our present stage of progress in this field, and there is still much to be desired. As a result of anesthetic failures, the terms "cardiac arrest" and "respiratory failure" have become so prominent in our medical literature today that every surgeon and every anesthetist who has the responsibility of another case must ever keep in mind the possibility of their occurrence. "Cardiac arrest" may simply be a result of anoxemia occurring during an anesthetic procedure, or there may be, as many authorities believe, other factors involved. "Respiratory failure" may be a result References 1. Beecher, H. K., and Todd, D. P.: A Study of Deaths Associated with Anesthesia and Surgery , Ann. Surg. 140:2-34 ( (July) ) 1954.Crossref

ALVER, EUGENE C.;LEEK, JOSEPH H.

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040053009pmid: 13258019

Abstract Initially, endoscopy was primarily therapeutic, with its use devoted to the removal of foreign bodies. Although this function has retained its importance, diagnostic endoscopy is now the major practice. Tremendous advances in equipment and technique have been made in the past two decades, making peroral endoscopy indispensable to the diagnosis of diseases of the respiratory and alimentary tracts. Unfortunately, the strides in operative technique have not been accompanied by comparable advances in anesthetic procedures. Although topical anesthesia is used successfully in many endoscopic procedures, it is frequently inadequate, often causing reluctance in the patient to accept the procedure or hesitation on the part of the referring physician to subject his patient to it. To compensate for the failings of topical anesthesia, general anesthesia has been tried. Inhalation anesthetics or the intravenous short-acting barbiturates, following topical agents, were initially suggested, but those held too many hazards. Then topical anesthesia, combined with References 1. References 8 and 9. 2. References 4 and 11. 3. McLaurin, J. W.: Curare as an Adjunct to Relaxation in Esophagoscopy , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 60:39-50 ( (March) ) 1951. 4. Anderson, H. J.; Churchill-Davidson, H. C., and Richardson, A. T.: Bronchial Neoplasm with Myasthenia: Prolonged Apnoea After Administration of Succinylcholine , Lancet 2:1291-1293 ( (Dec. 19) ) 1953. 5. Evans, F. T.; Gray, P. W. S.; Lehman, H., and Silk, E.: Sensitivity to Succinylcholine in Relation to Serum-Cholinesterase , Lancet 1:1229-1230 ( (June 21) ) 1952. 6. Davis, D. A.: The Pharmacology and Clinical Application of Succinylcholine , South. M. J. 47:97-104 ( (Feb.) ) 1954. 7. Lehmann, H., and Silk, E.: Succinylmonocholine , Brit. M. J. 1:767-768 ( (April 4) ) 1953. 8. Espinosa, A. M., and Artusio, J. F., Jr.: The Dose Response Relationship and Duration of Action of Succinylcholine in Anesthetized Man , Anesthesiology 15:239-245 ( (May) ) 1954. 9. Mayrhofer, O. K.: Self-Experiments with Succinylcholine Chloride: A New Ultra-Short-Acting Muscle Relaxant , Brit. M. J. 1:1332-1334 ( (June 21) ) 1952. 10. von Dardel, O., and Thesleff, S.: Clinical Experiences with Succinylcholine Iodide, New Agent for Muscular Relaxation in Anesthesia , Nord. med. 46:1308-1311 ( (Aug. 29) ) 1951. 11. von Dardel, O., and Thesleff, S.: Clinical Experience with Succinyl-Choline-Iodide: New Muscular Relaxant , Anesth. & Analg. 31:250-257 ( (July-Aug.) ) 1952. 12. Martin, R. C.; Nowill, W. K., and Stephen, C. R.: An Evaluation of Succinylcholine , Anesthesiology 15:179-187 ( (March) ) 1954. 13. Harrison, B. L.; Seward, E. H., and Skinner, L. C.: Prolonged "Scoline" Apncea Treated by Blood Transfusion , Anæsthesia 9:21-22 ( (Jan.) ) 1954. 14. Hampton, L. J.; Little, D. M., and Fuller, E. M.: The Use of Succinylcholine to Facilitate Endotracheal Intubation , Anesthesiology 14:382-389 ( (July) ) 1953. 15. Raginsky, B. B.: Some Psychosomatic Aspects of General Anesthesia , Anesthesiology 11:391-408 ( (July) ) 1950. 16. Rangell, L.: Psychiatric Aspects of Pain , Psychosom. Med. 15:22-37 ( (Jan.-Feb.) ) 1953. 17. King, B. D.; Elder, J. D.; Proctor, D. F., and Dripps, R. D.: Reflex Circulatory Responses to Tracheal Intubation Performed Under Topical Anesthesia , Anesthesiology 15:231-238 ( (May) ) 1954.

ZERFFI, WILLIAM A. C.

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040060010pmid: 13258020

Abstract About 100 years ago, Morrell Mackenzie made the following statement: "A singer's thyro-arytenodei should be in as good condition as a pugilist's biceps." No one familiar with the physiology of the larynx could possibly take exception to this remark, for the thyroarytenoid muscles are the most important factors of the whole tone-producing mechanism. It is, however, one thing to accept a theory and something very different when the attempt is made to put it into practice. And it is with the utter failure to profit by this succinct statement and to supply singers and speakers with the means whereby they can strengthen these muscles that I am deeply concerned. The principle of muscular development is that of contraction and relaxation. Therefore, in order to develop the thyroarytenoids there must be contraction and relaxation. These muscles are chiefly concerned with the production of pitch; not only do they bring about the

FOMON, SAMUEL;CARON, ARMAND L.;BELL, JULIUS W.;SCHATTNER, ALFRED

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040063011pmid: 13258021

Abstract It is generally admitted that the details of the rhinoplastic operation offer no great problem even to the humblest surgeon. Why, then, does it represent a utility of value to a relatively small number of rhinologists? What is it that prevents its general adoption? The purpose of this paper is an attempt to answer the above questions and perhaps to lay down a few principles, to save the novice the wreckage that lies along the path of trial-and-error experience. To bring out the advantages of the rhinologic concept, let us compare it with the orthopedic philosophy as originated by Joseph.1 To understand his operation, one must know something of the man himself. Jacques Joseph2 was born in Koenigsberg, Prussia, in 1865 and received his medical training in Berlin. After a few years of general practice, he directed his attention to orthopedic surgery. From this he gradually turned to References 1. Nicholson, W., quoted in Robertson.8 2. Joseph, J.: Nasenplastik und sonstige Gesichtsplastik , Leipzig, C. Kabitzsch, 1931. 3. Coelst: Professor Jacques Joseph (Obituary) , Rev. chir. plastique , p. 83, 1934. 4. Horace: Odes III, 10. 5. Delavan, D. B.: John Orlando Roe, personal paper. 6. Roe, J. O.: Deformity Termed "Pug-Nose" and Its Correction by Simple Operation , M. Rec. 31:621, 1887. 7. Roe, J. O.: Correction of Angular Deformities of Nose by Subcutaneous Operation , M. Rec. 40:57, 1891. 8. Fomon, S.; Goldman, I. B.; Neivert, H., and Schattner, A.: Management of Deformities of Lower Cartilaginous Vault , A. M. A. Arch. Otolaryng. 54:467, 1951.Crossref 9. Robertson, H. E.: Inherent Vitality of Some Medical Fallacies , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 17:465, 1942.

WILLIAMS, CHARLES R.

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040068012pmid: 13258022

Abstract SCOPE It is the purpose of this paper to cover briefly the basic characteristics of sound as they dictate the design of instruments. The discussion of the equipment will be confined to available commercial instruments, and stress will be given to those instruments which are particularly useful for field evaluation of noise problems as they relate to industrial hygiene. NATURE OF SOUND Sound has been defined by the American Standards Association1 as "an alternation in pressure, stress, particle displacement, particle velocity, etc., which is propagated in an elastic material, or the superposition of such propagated alternations." In the case of industrial noise, the elastic medium is air and the alternations in pressure are variations above and below atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure under standard conditions is 1.01325 × 106 dynes per square centimeter. The pressure variations with which we are concerned in sound have an approximate range of 0.0002 References 1. One microbar is equal to 1 dyne per square centimeter. 2. Acoustical Terminology, Z24.1-1951, New York, American Standards Association, July 31, 1951. 3. Sound Level Meters for Measurement of Noise and Other Sounds, Z24.3-1944, New York, American Standards Association, July 28, 1944. 4. Laboratory Standard Pressure Microphones, Z24.8-1949, New York, American Standards Association, Dec. 27, 1949. 5. Fletcher, H.: Auditory Patterns , Rev. Mod. Physics 12:47, 1950.Crossref 6. Noise Measurement, Z24.2-1942, New York, American Standards Association, March 20, 1952. 7. Scott, H. H.: Intermittent Sound Measurement—A Challenge, read in the University of Michigan Symposium on Instrumentation in Industrial Hygiene, to be published. 8. Octave-Band Filter Set for the Analysis of Noise and Other Sounds, Z24.10-1953, New York. American Standards Association, Feb. 27, 1953. 9. Scott, H. H., and von Recklinghausen: A Compact, Versatile Filter-Type Sound Analyzer , J. Acoust. Soc. America 25:727, 1953.Crossref 10. Beranek, L. L.: Acoustic Measurements , New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1949. 11. Beranek, L. L.: Apparatus for Noise Measurement , University of Michigan Symposium on Noise, Ann Arbor, Mich., University of Michigan Press, Feb., 1952. 12. Bonvallet, G. L.: The Measurement of Industrial Noise , Am. Indust. Hyg. A. Quart. 13:136, 1952. 13. Handbook of Noise Measurement, Cambridge. Mass., General Radio Company, 1953.

EQUEN, MURDOCK;ROACH, GEORGE;BROWN, ROBERT;BENNETT, TRUETT

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040080013pmid: 13258023

Abstract THE INFANTILE propensity to put things in the mouth, especially open safety pins, has long been recognized, and much has been written of the importance of prompt removal of the pin and of various methods of retrieving it. Once a person is past the diaper age, however, the safety pin is not so much in evidence, and one is apt to forget that even elderly persons, who should know better, put them into their mouths and sometimes swallow them. A closed safety pin is of no consequence, and it may safely be counted on to pass uneventfully through the viae naturales. A probable explanation of the way in which elderly people swallow such a pin is that, since they wear upper dentures, the sensitiveness of their natural teeth to foreign bodies is gone and the sensation of the hard palate is masked by the plate. The technique of removing a

SOM, MAX L.;PEIMER, RALPH

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040082014pmid: 13258024

Abstract DURING the past 20 years, scattered reports have appeared in the literature on the development of laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, and esophageal neoplasms occurring in patients previously treated with radiotherapy. For the most part, these have been late sequelae, occasionally as long as 32 years after completion of the initial course of radiation. All of these cases developed within the field of radiation following treatment for benign lesions, such as goiter or tuberculous adenitis. Discussion of this problem must include mention of the rationale of radiotherapy as it was practiced prior to the popularization of the Coutard method. It was then believed that the radiation should be given quickly and in the highest feasible dosage in order to eliminate the disease as rapidly as possible. With refinement in radiation dosage, the use of higher voltage, and the institution of protracted therapy, the complications have decreased. The cases previously cited in the literature References 1. Goolden, A. W. G.: Radiation Cancer of the Pharynx , Brit. M. J. 2:1110-1112 ( (Nov. 10) ) 1951.Crossref 2. Holinger, P. H., and Rabbett, W. F.: Late Development of Laryngeal and Pharyngeal Carcinoma in Previously Irradiated Areas , Laryngoscope 63:105-112 ( (Feb.) ) 1953. 3. Ombredanne, Poncet, and Gandon: Cancer pharyngo-laryngé et sténose oesophagienne chez un homme irradié pour goitre 20 ans auparavant , Ann. oto-laryng. 71:94-96, 1954. 4. Hatcher, C. H.: Development of Sarcoma in Bone Subjected to Roentgen or Radium Irradiation , J. Bone & Joint Surg. 27:179-195 ( (April) ) 1945. 5. Smith, R. F., and Bowden, L.: Cancer of the Corpus Uterus Following Radiation Therapy for Benign Uterine Lesions , Am. J. Roentgenol. 59:796-804 ( (June) ) 1948.

HENRY, S. MURPHEY

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040086015

Abstract AN OSTEOMA of the frontal sinus was - formerly considered a rare condition. Now there are an increasing number of cases being reported. There were 18 cases diagnosed from among 840,000 patients over a seven-year period at the Kasr-EI-Ainy Hospital in Cairo, Egypt.1 Two cases were seen among 48,000 patients at St. Joseph's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich., in 21 years. Teed collected 321 cases from the literature in 1941.2 However, Dowling in 1945 reported 5 cases that were found among 7,000 patients over a two-year period.3 Vadala and Somers in 1949 saw six cases in six months at the Fitzsimmons Army Hospital in Denver.4 King reported seven cases in one year.5 Newell reported four cases from Chicago in 1948.6 Colver saw five cases in Los Angeles in 1948 and 1950.7 The Mayo Clinic had 40 cases in a 20-year period ending in 1950.8 Five cases were seen at Brooke Army Hospital References 1. Richmond, A. M., and Lind, C. J.: Personal communication to the author. 2. Handousa, A. S.: Nasal Osteomata , J. Laryng. & Otol. 55:197-211 ( (April) ) 1940. 3. Teed, R. W.: Primary Osteoma of Frontal Sinus , Arch. Otolaryng. 33:255-292 ( (Feb.) ) 1941. 4. Dowling, J. R.: Osteoma of Frontal Sinus: Report of 5 Cases , Arch. Otolaryng. 41:99-108 ( (Feb.) ) 1945. 5. Vadala, A. J., and Somers, K.: Osteoma of the Frontal Sinus , Arch. Otolaryng. 50:618-633 ( (Nov.) ) 1949. 6. King, N. E.: Osteoma of the Frontal Sinus , Arch. Otolaryng. 51:316-324 ( (March) ) 1950. 7. Newell, F. W.: Osteoma Involving the Orbit , Am. J. Ophth. 31:1281-1289 ( (Oct.) ) 1948. 8. Colver, B. N.: Osteomata of the Frontal Sinus, with Special Consideration of the Surgical Removal , Laryngoscope 61:341-367 ( (April) ) 1951. 9. Begley, J. W., Jr., and Hallberg, O. E.: Osteomas of the Paranasal Sinuses and Their Treatment , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 25:13-16 ( (Jan.) ) 1950. 10. Murphey, H. S.: Osteoma of the Frontal Sinus , Texas J. Med. 46:641-645 ( (Aug.) ) 1950.

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040089016

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The Dr. Charles Bramman Meding Award. —On the evening of Oct. 28, 1955, The Harlem Eye and Ear Hospital will bestow upon Dr. Franz Altman the Dr. Charles Bramman Meding Award.This award is granted annually to the person judged to have made an important contribution for the advancement of otolaryngology and/or ophthalmology.Dr. Altmann's film, "Embryology of the Ear," was considered an outstanding achievement. It will be shown at the Hospital auditorium coincident with the presentation of the award.

DAVOL, RECTOR T.

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040090017pmid: 13258026

Abstract GUILD first described a carotid-bodylike structure which is found above the jugular bulb. This structure is associated with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the tympanic branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery. The function of this organ is not known, but presumably it functions similarly to the carotid body and is an organ sensitive to the degree of oxygen saturation of the arterial blood. In 1945 Rosenwasser first described a tumor of this structure. Following his description there have been some 40 to 50 case reports of glomus jugularis tumors. Winship and associates reported 11 cases, 7 of which were benign and 4 malignant. Winship and Louzan reviewed the literature in 1951 and reported a case of their own. They reviewed 42 cases of glomus jugularis tumors in the literature and reported that the incidence of the disease is 80% in females, with a mortality rate of 34%. References 1. Guild, S. R.: A Hitherto Unrecognized Structure, the Glomus Jugularis, in Man , Anat. Rec. ( (Supp. 2) ) 79:28, 1941. 2. Riemenschneider, P. A., and others: Roentgenographic Diagnosis of Tumors of the Glomus Jugularis , Am. J. Roentgenol. 69:59-65, 1953. 3. Rosenwasser, H.: Carotid Body Tumor of the Middle Ear and Mastoid , Arch. Otolaryng. 41:64-67, 1945.Crossref 4. Winship, T.; Klopp, C. T., and Jenkins, W. H.: Glomus-Jugularis Tumors , Cancer 1:441-448, 1948.Crossref 5. Winship, T., and Louzan, J.: Tumors of the Glomus Jugularis Not Associated with the Jugular Vein , A. M. A. Arch. Otolaryng. 54:378-383, 1951.Crossref

FISHER, EDWIN R.;KYLER, STEPHEN L.

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040092018pmid: 13258027

Abstract DARIER'S disease is a rare but wellrecognized dermatologic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by papular, vesicular, and occasionally ulcerating lesions of the skin, particularly of the face, extremities, and inguinal region. Although it most frequently occurs in childhood, examples in infancy1 as well as adulthood2 have been recorded. The clinical course is slow but progressive, with apparently little effect upon general health except when secondary infection supervenes. Spontaneous remissions have been observed. Examples of Darier's disease with involvement of the tongue, pharynx, esophagus, vulva, and oral mucosa have been described.* Although Lever6 cites Brünauer's5 reference to laryngeal lesions, we have been unable to find such a notation in his original publication. The case to be presented represents, to our knowledge, the first recorded instance of Darier's disease of the larynx. In addition, it reemphasizes the value of biopsy with histologic examination of laryngeal lesions of unusual References 1. References 6 and 7. 2. References 9 to 11. 3. Borghoff, J. A.: Darier's Disease in the Infant , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 4:609, 1921. 4. Fernet, P., and Scheikevitch: Un Cas insolite de psorospermose , Bull. Soc. franç. dermat. et syph. , p. 166, 1919. 5. Reenstierna, J.: Dariersche Dermatose mit Schleimhautveränderungen und impetigoartigen Eruptionen , Arch. Dermat. u. Syph. 124:841, 1918. 6. Ellis, F. A.: Keratosis Follicularis Is Not Primarily a Follicular Disease , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 50:27, 1944. 7. Brünauer, S. R.: Über Schleimhautveränderungen bei Morbus Darier und über die Pathogenese dieser Erkrankung , Acta dermat.-venereol. 6:131, 1925. 8. Lever, W. F.: Histopathology of the Skin , Ed. 2, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1954. 9. Allen, A. C.: The Skin: A Clinicopathologic Treatise , St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Company, 1954. 10. Hailey, H., and Hailey, H.: Familial Benign Chronic Pemphigus , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 39:679, 1939. 11. Ellis, F. A.: Vesicular Darier's Disease (So-Called Benign Familial Pemphigus) , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 61:715, 1950. 12. Finnerud, C. W., and Szymanski, F. J.: Chronic Benign Familial Pemphigus: A Possible Vesicular Variant of Keratosis Follicularis , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 61:737, 1950. 13. Winer, L. H., and Leeb, A. J.: Benign Familial Pemphigus , A. M. A. Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 67:77, 1953. 14. Ormsby, O. S., and Montgomery, H.: Diseases of the Skin , Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1954. 15. Peck, S. M.; Chargin, L., and Sobotka, H.: Keratosis Follicularis (Darier's Disease): A Vitamin Deficiency Disease , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 42:233, 1941.

GOLDMAN, IRVING B.

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040096019

Abstract The cartilage perforator was devised to make holes through cartilage implants. It consists of a punch in which the upper jaw is fenestrated and the lower one contains a riveted pin which penetrates the cartilage. The shanks have a spring action which readily opens and closes the instrument. The cartilage is not fractured when the holes are produced. The punctures permit better anchorage in the recipient area. They also allow fibroblasts to penetrate the holes for eventual fixation. The perforator is especially useful for bovine and septal cartilage implants. Cartilage perforator

REHBERGER, JOHN M.

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040097020pmid: 13258028

Abstract Improved exposure of the operative site is always desired by the surgeon. Dissatisfied with the various retractors in use for endaural surgery, I perfected an instrument which has proved very adaptable during the past four years in mastoid and fenestration surgery. The retractor is of stainless steel and is so designed that it may easily be altered during the operation to suit the requirements of the operator at that moment. The main retractor has two curved arms which are opened to the desired exposure by means of a thumb screw. Posterior retraction of the periosteum and soft tissues covering the mastoid portion of the temporal bone and anterior retraction of the periosteum and soft tissue covering the squamous temporalis and temporal muscle above the tragus are produced by turning the thumb screw at the base of the retractor. Attached to the ends of the main retractor arms are two curved References 1. Submitted for publication July 12, 1955. 2. Retractor manufactured by George P. Pilling & Son, Philadelphia.

DYSART, B. R.

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040098021pmid: 13258029

Abstract THE LITERATURE of 1954 on otitis media and complications contains many papers that are very interesting and instructive. The growing awareness of the importance of the conservation of hearing is especially reflected in the large number of articles on the modified radical mastoidectomy. ANATOMY Diamant1 (Halmstad, Sweden) examined and classified the degree of pneumatization of the mastoids of 356 patients. He used a planimeter to measure the number of square centimeters covered by the cells on the x-ray films. He classified his material in five groups according to the method of Schwarz. In his classification, Group 1 has extremely large development and Group 5 has no development. His resulting groups were very similar to the remarkably large group of 3048 published by Seppala in 1946. About 4% had extremely large development. The second group, 35%, had moderately large development, with cells extending into the zygomatic region and into the References 1. Acrisan contains aminoacridine caprylate (0.25%), pyrilamine maleate (1.0%), and benzyl alcohol (1.0%) in anhydrous propylethylene glycol. 2. Diamant, M.: Size Variation of the Mastoid Air Cell System According to Wittmaack , Schwarz, and Diamant, Acta oto-laryng. , (Supp. 118) , pp. 54-67, 1954. 3. Ronning, O., and Gardborg, O.: A Clinical and Bacteriological Examination of a Series of Cases of Otitis as Regards the Significance of Resistance Determinations , Acta oto-laryng. 44:161-174 ( (March-April) ) 1954.Crossref 4. Farber, J. E.; Ross, J., and Stephens, G.: Antibiotic Anaphylaxis , California Med. 81:9-12 ( (July) ) 1954. 5. Spink, W. W.: The Rational Use of Antibiotics in the General Practice of Medicine , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 58:836-840 ( (Nov.-Dec.) ) 1954. 6. Halbert, S. P.: The Development of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 58:831-835 ( (Nov.-Dec.) ) 1954. 7. Maxwell, J. H.: The Rational Use of Antibiotics in Otolaryngology , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 58:825-830 ( (Nov.-Dec.) ) 1954. 8. Rudberg, R. D.: Acute Otitis Media , Acta oto-laryng. , (Supp. 113) , pp. 1-79, 1954. 9. Lüscher, E., and Gentinetta, G.: Die Wirksamkeit des Penicillins in der Verhütung und Behandlung schwerer akuter Mittelohrentzündungen, der Mastoiditis und der intrakraniellen Komplikationen , Schweiz. med. Wchnschr. 84:1331-1335 ( (Nov. 27) ) 1954. 10. Tamari, M. J., and Szanto, P. B.: Morphologic Changes in the Mastoid Bone Under Antibiotic Therapy , A. M. A. Arch. Otolaryng. 60:133-140 ( (Aug.) ) 1954.Crossref 11. Hearn, P. P.: Chloramphenicol-Boric Acid Powder in the Treatment of Otitic Infections , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 63:310-323 ( (June) ) 1954. 12. Ausband, J. R., and Harrill, J. A.: Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) in Treatment of Aural Infections , A. M. A. Arch. Otolaryng. 59:499-502 ( (April) ) 1954. 13. Pitman, L. K.: Treatment for Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media , A. M. A. Arch. Otolaryng. 59:575-578 ( (May) ) 1954. 14. Das, T.; Singh, M.; Taneja, G. M.; Khanna, S. D., and Chaddah, M. R.: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media , A. M. A. Arch. Otolaryng. 60:158-171 ( (Aug.) ) 1954. 15. Harrison, W. W.: Modern Concepts in the Management of Otitis Media in Infants and Children , J. Tennessee M. A. 47:467-472 ( (Dec.) ) 1954. 16. Simpson, R. R.: The Heritage of British Otology , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 47:205-214 ( (March) ) 1954. 17. Baron, S. H.: Conservation of Hearing in the Modified Radical Mastoidectomy , Tr. Am. Laryng. Rhin. & Otol. Soc. 58:209-249, 1954. 18. Palva, T., and Siirala, U.: The Effect of Various Operations on Hearing in Chronically Discharging Ears , Acta oto-laryng. , (Supp. 116) , pp. 241-258, 1954. 19. Thorborn, I. B.: Hearing and Surgery in Chronic Otitis Media , J. Laryng. & Otol. 68:739-757 ( (Nov.) ) 1954. 20. Dingley, A. R., and Zwiefach, E.: Some Observations on Attic Disease and Its Treatment , J. Laryng. & Otol. 68:127-139 ( (March) ) 1954. 21. Juers, A. L.: Preservation of Hearing in Surgery for Chronic Ear Disease , Laryngoscope 64:235-251 ( (April) ) 1954. 22. Brunner, H.: Changes in Tympanic Cavity and Antrum Resulting from Radical Mastoid Operation , A. M. A. Arch. Otolaryng. 60:655-676 ( (Dec.) ) 1954. 23. Gundrum, L. K.; Stambuk, U. A., and Gaines, J. W.: A Case of Atypical or Questionable Mastoiditis in a 3-Month-Old Infant , Laryngoscope 64:218-219 ( (March) ) 1954. 24. Richardson, G. S.: Subacute Mastoiditis , Laryngoscope 64:102-112 ( (Feb.) ) 1954. 25. Senturia, B. H., and Carruthers, C.: Prophylaxis of External Otitis , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 63:97-100 ( (March) ) 1954. 26. Senturia, B. H.: Symposium: Medical Management of Chronic Otic Skin Infections; Rationale of Therapy , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 58:670-693 ( (Sept.-Oct.) ) 1954. 27. Fisher, R. H.: Symposium: Medical Management of Chronic Otic Skin Infections; Laboratory Diagnosis , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 58:677-684 ( (Sept.-Oct.) ) 1954. 28. Fowler, E. P., and Freeman, R.: Symposium: Medical Management of Chronic Otic Skin Infections; Therapeutic Results , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 58:685-691 ( (Sept.-Oct.) ) 1954. 29. Davidson, F. S.: Symposium: Medical Management of Chronic Otic Skin Infections; Summary , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 58:692-693 ( (Sept.Oct.) ) 1954. 30. Hara, H. J.: External Otitis , A. M. A. Arch. Otolaryng. 60:305-315 ( (Sept.) ) 1954. 31. Baer, R. L., and Litt, J. Z.: Treatment of Otitis Externa with Hydrocortisone Suspension , J. A. M. A. 155:973-974 ( (July 10) ) 1954. 32. Senturia, B. H., and Alford, V.: Hydrocortisone Acetate and Neomycin in Otitic Infections , Laryngoscope 64:834-844 ( (Oct.) ) 1954. 33. Farrar, D. A. T.: Use of Polymyxin B in the External Ear , Brit. M. J. 2:629 ( (Sept. 11) ) 1954. 34. McLaurin, J. W.: Otitis Externa: The Facts of the Matter , J. A. M. A. 154:207-213 ( (Jan. 16) ) 1954. 35. Sophian, L. H.; Cooper, Z. K., and Senturia, B. H.: Pathological Changes of the Skin of the External Auditory Canal in Chronic Otitis Media and Mastoiditis , Ann. Otol. Rhin. & Laryng. 63:261-265 ( (June) ) 1954. 36. Senturia, B. H.; Cross, R. J.; Lett, J. E., and Hardy, A. V.: An Evaluation of Certain Therapeutic Agents and Procedures in the Treatment of Acute Diffuse External Otitis , Laryngoscope 64:1001-1019 ( (Dec.) ) 1954. 37. Blohmke, A., and Link, R.: Die transmastoidale Cisternen drainage und ihre Bedeutung bei schwerer otogener Meningitis , Acta oto-laryng. 44:312-323 ( (July-Aug.) ) 1954. 38. McLay, K.: Otogenic Meningitis , J. Laryng. & Otol. 68:140-146 ( (March) ) 1954. 39. Přecechtěl, A.: The Problem of Recurrent Meningitis in ORL , Acta oto-laryng. 44:427-430 ( (Sept.-Dec.) ) 1954. 40. Bourgeois, R.; Pinel, J.; Fleury, P.; Paquelin, F., and Fronteau, J.: Séquestration massive du labyrinthe gauche au cours d'une otite chronique , Ann. oto-laryng. 71:425-429, 1954. 41. Rawlins, A. 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1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040110023

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The mucosa of the upper respiratory tract more than any other tissue is exposed to various infections coming from outside the body. The tympanic cavity, with the round and oval windows on its medial side, is a source of vulnerability to the inner ear. As the tympanic cavity is opened to all infections coming from the pharynx, one can see the importance of the very frequent lesions of the tympanic cavity in the pathology of the labyrinth. Moreover, the lesions of the middle ear may facilitate the fixation on the labyrinth of toxins or bacteria in circulation in the blood. The authors have anteriorly shown that a unilateral lesion of the middle ear may in certain cases lower the bone conduction in the other ear and the air conduction for high-pitch sounds. In their book, the authors study the three ways by which the infections can reach the middle ear.

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040110022

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The authors present an extremely comprehensive discussion of bronchography. The first chapter deals with (a) the contrast material; (b) types of anesthesia to be used with their chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological relationships; (c) methods of administration of the contrast material; (d) the technique of bronchography with all of its problems. The second section deals with normal and pathologic physiology, and the final section deals with morphologic changes in the bronchial system. There are detailed descriptive findings illustrated by both bronchograms and line drawings of the bronchial pathology as seen in bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, lung abscess, tuberculosis, blastomas, silicosis, foreign bodies, anomalies, postoperative changes, traumatic rupture, and other conditions. There are numerous bronchograms with detailed descriptions and legends which in certain areas are further clarified by line drawings. In addition, there is an extensive bibliography with 1654 references. This is an excellent book and extremely valuable to the bronchoscopist and the

1955 A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1955.03830040111024