Archives of Otolaryngology

BUTLER, DONALD B.;IVY, ANDREW C.

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010120001

Abstract INTRODUCTION The choice of drugs for use in rhinologic practice has occupied much of the literature of rhinology, but the question of the most desirable method of administration has been the source of only limited investigation.The purpose of any method of administration is to apply the therapeutic agent to as large an area of the nasal mucosa as possible with a minimum of trauma or damage. Ease of administration and adaptation to self medication are important secondary considerations.In any comparison of different methods of application of drugs to the nasal mucosa some drug must be sought that will lend itself to all methods of administration being studied. Thus an investigation of the use of nasal drops, nasal sprays and volatile inhalers requires an agent that can be used either in solution or in volatile form.Certain of the synthetic vasoconstrictor amines lend themselves admirably to this requirement. The References 1. Zwaardemaker, H., and Reuter, C.: Athembeschlag als Hülfsmittel zur Diagnose der nasalen Stenose , Arch. f. Laryng. u. Rhin. 1:174, 1893. 2. Sternberg, H.: Beiträge zur Physiologie und Pathologie der Schleimhart der Luftwage , Ztschr. f. Hals-, Nasen- u. Ohrenh. 12:340 ( (May) ) 1925. 3. Dufton, A. F., and Bedford, T.: "Nose-Opening" Rays , J. Hyg. 33:476 ( (Nov.) ) 1933.Crossref 4. O'Malley, J. F.: Ventilation of the Nose and Accessory Sinuses , J. Laryng. & Otol. 48:309 ( (May) ) 1933. 5. Bernheimer, L. B.: Color Index of the Nasal Septum , Arch. Otolaryng. 20:31 ( (July) ) 1934. 6. van Dishoeck, H. A. E.: Infra-Red Radiation and Nasal Obstruction , J. Hyg. 35:185 ( (May) ) 1935. 7. Hill, L.: A Method of Measuring the Airway of the Nose , Lancet 2:70 ( (July 13) ) 1935. 8. Spiesman, I. G.: Vasomotor Responses of the Mucosa of the Upper Respiratory Tract to Thermal Stimuli , Am. J. Physiol. 115:181 ( (March) ) 1936. 9. Sternstein, H. J., and Schur, M. O.: Quantitative Study of Nasal Obstruction: A New Method , Arch. Otolaryng. 23:475 ( (April) ) 1936. 10. Hertzman, A. B.: Photoelectric Plethysmography of the Nasal Septum in Man , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 37:290 ( (Nov.) ) 1937. 11. Silcox, L. E.: Rhinitis: A Nasographic Study , Arch. Otolaryng. 34:33 ( (July) ) 1941. 12. Henderson, V. E.; Beach, M. L., and Johnston, J. F. A.: On the Use of Nasal Sprays and Drops , Canad. M. A. J. 24:684 ( (May) ) 1931. 13. Proetz, A. W.: Essays on the Applied Physiology of the Nose , St. Louis, Annals Publishing Company, 1941. 14. Gompertz, J. L., and Michael, P.: Nose Drop Contamination in Dropper Bottles , J. A. M. A. 118:1287 ( (April 11) ) 1942. 15. Bertolet, J. A.: Benzyl Methyl Carbinamine Carbonate , M. J. & Rec. 136:75 ( (July 20) ) 1932. 16. Byrne, H. V.: The Use of Benzyl-Methyl-Carbinamine-Carbonate in the Treatment of Rhinitis , New England J. Med. 209:1048 ( (Nov. 23) ) 1933. 17. Scarano, J. A.: Rapidity of Shrinkage and Immediate and Secondary Reactions Following Local Applications of Ephedrine and Benzedrine: A Comparative Study , M. Rec. 140:602 ( (Dec. 5) ) 1934. 18. Giordano, A. A. S.: Benzyl Methyl Carbinamine (Benzedrine) , Pennsylvania M. J. 39:20 ( (Oct.) ) 1935. 19. Sulman, L. D.: Certain Conditions in Which a Volatile Vasoconstrictor Has Proved of Particular Value: A Preliminary Report , M. Times & Long Island M. J. 63:374 ( (Dec.) ) 1935. 20. Scarano, J. A.: The Gross Changes Produced in the Nose by Benzedrine Inhalation: An Analysis of One Hundred Cases , M. Rec. 143:161 ( (Feb.) ) 1936. 21. Scarano, J. A., and Coppolino, J. F.: The Use of Benzedrine Vapor in Children , Arch. Pediat. 54:97 ( (Jan.) ) 1937. 22. Bertolet, J. A.: Benzedrine in Paranasal Sinusitis , Clin. Med. & Surg. 44:25 ( (Jan.) ) 1937. 23. Proetz, A. W.: Applied Physiology of the Nose and the Accessory Nasal Sinuses , Am. J. Surg. 42:190 ( (Oct.) ) 1938. 24. The term Benzedrine Inhaler is the trade-marked name for a commercial inhaler containing amphetamine, menthol and oil of lavender manufactured by Smith, Kline and French Laboratories. 25. Ward, S. P.: The Effect of Toxic Doses of Benzyl Methyl Carbinamine (Benzedrine) in Man , J. A. M. A. 110:206 ( (Jan. 15) ) 1938. 26. Peters, C. M., and Faulkner, J. M.: Circulatory Effects of Volatile Amphetamine (Benzedrine Inhaler) , Am. J. M. Sc. 198:104 ( (July) ) 1939. 27. Dyer, W. W.: Pressor Effect of Amphetamine ("Benzedrine") on Normal, Hypotensive, and Hypertensive Patients , Am. J. M. Sc. 197:103 ( (Jan.) ) 1939. 28. Sternstein, H. J.: Efficacy of Vasoconstrictor Agents in the Obstructed Nose: A Quantitative Evaluation , Arch. Otolaryng. 36:713 ( (Nov.) ) 1942. 29. Fox, N.: The Chronic Effect of Epinephrine and Ephedrine on the Nasal Mucosa , Arch. Otolaryng. 13:73 ( (Jan.) ) 1931. 30. Hunnicutt, L. G.: The Effect of Drugs on the Nasal Mucous Membrane , Tr. Pacific Coast Oto-Ophth. Soc. 26:51 ( (May) ) 1941. 31. The inhalers and solutions used in this study were furnished by Dr. D. L. Tabern, of Abbott Laboratories. 32. Butler, D. B., and Ivy, A. C.: Effects of Nasal Inhalers on Erectile Tissues of the Nose: Quantitative Studies , Arch. Otolaryng. 38:309 ( (Oct.) ) 1943. 33. Tabern, D. L.: Personal communication to the authors. 34. Sternberg, H.: Pharmacologic Reactions in the Erectile Tissue and Subepithelial Net of Capillaries in the Nose: Vasomotor Nerve Supply of this Vascular System , Monatschr. f. Ohrenh. 63:390 ( (April) ) 1929. 35. Burnham, H. H.: Some Differences in the Action of Ephedrine and Epinephrine (Adrenalin, etc.) on the Nasal Turbinate Mucosa , Canad. M. A. J. 27:168 ( (Aug.) ) 1932. 36. Sternstein, H. J.: Quantitative Effects of Physical and Chemical Agents on the Erectile Tissue Response in the Nose , Arch. Otolaryng. 34:523 ( (Sept.) ) 1941 37. Parkinson, S. N.: A Lateral Head-Low Position for Nasal and Sinus Treatment , Arch. Otolaryng. 17:787 ( (June) ) 1931.

GRIESMAN, BRUNO L.

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010135002

Abstract Is the intranasal administration of a medicated oil within the limits of normal therapeutic dosage necessarily a dangerous clinical procedure? Since the first description, by Laughlen,1 in 1925, of lipoid pneumonia following the aspiration of nasal oil drops cautious physicians have been asking themselves this question, with few precise scientific data available from which to draw a reliable conclusion. Doubtless the widespread abuse of intranasal oils by the public, with the inevitable tendency toward overdosage and too prolonged treatment, has contributed largely to the cloud of suspicion that has developed. An editorial in The Journal of the American Medical Association2 called attention to this consideration with the observation, "There is unanimity of opinion among investigators as to the dangers of intranasal medication with oils, particularly as is seen in the uncontrolled use by the public of the various preparations of liquid petrolatum." While such self medication cannot be condemned too References 1. Laughlen, G. F.: Studies on Pneumonia Following Nasopharyngeal Injections of Oil , Am. J. Path. 1:407-414 ( (July) ) 1925. 2. Lipoid Pneumonia , editorial, J. A. M. A. 114:251 ( (Jan. 20) ) 1940.Crossref 3. Cannon, P. R., and Walsh, T. E.: Lipoid Pneumonia and Some Potential Dangers of Intranasal Medication , Internat. Clin. 3:109-115 ( (Sept.) ) 1938. 4. Cannon, P. R.: The Problem of Lipid Pneumonia , J. A. M. A. 115:2176-2179 ( (Dec. 21) ) 1940.Crossref

ODOM, STANLEY G.;RODENBERG, ELMER J.;SCHAIN, PHILIP

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010148003

Abstract In the routine examination of a patient in the clinic for diseases of the ear, nose and throat at the Station Hospital, Fort Hayes, a peculiar formation or growth in the external canal of the right ear was found. When a portion of this growth was subjected to bacteriologic examination, it was found to consist of colonies of Streptomyces albus, according to the recent classification of Waksman and Henrici.1 REPORT OF A CASE The patient was a white man aged 38 years, born and reared on a farm in southern Ohio. He stated that the onset of his ear trouble dated back to December in the year 1932. At that time, while he was hunting rabbits, his right ear drum was perforated by a twig entering the ear when he suddenly turned his head to the right. On the same day he reported to his family physician, who instilled a References 1. Waksman, S. A., and Henrici, A. T.: The Nomenclature and Classification of Actinomycetales , J. Bact. , to be published. 2. Cann, L. W., and Hollis, G. S.: Case of Actinomycotic Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis Associated with Aural Actinomycosis , Lancet 1:130-131 ( (Jan. 17) ) 1931.Crossref 3. Nowack, A.: Ueber die in den Jahren 1926/38 beobachteten Aktinomykosefälle an der Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenklinik der Charité , Ztschr. f. Hals-, Nasen- u. Ohrenh. 43:416-418, 1938. 4. Nehmer, W.: Ueber eine zentrale Aktinomykose des Felsenbeins , Ztschr. f. Hals-, Nasen- u. Ohrenh. 41:320-328, 1937. 5. Hagedorn, A.: Concretions in Lacrimal Canaliculus Caused by Actinomycosis , Arch. Ophth. 23:689-692 ( (April) ) 1940.Crossref 6. Kalt, E.: Actinomycose faciale et orbitaire , Bull. Soc. d'opht. de Paris 51:167-169 ( (March) ) 1939. 7. Thies, O.: Aktinomykose des Sehorgans , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 86:55-58 ( (Jan.) ) 1931. 8. Zimmermann, H. B.: Localized Actinomycosis , Minnesota M. J. 14:75-79 ( (Jan.) ) 1931. 9. Ballenger, W. L., and Ballenger, H. C.: Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Ear , Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1938, p. 502. 10. Walker, O.: Sulphanilamide in Treatment of Actinomycosis , Lancet 1:1219-1220 ( (May 28) ) 1938.Crossref 11. Payr, E.: Zur Diagnose und Behandlung der Aktinomykose Autovakzinetherapie , München. med. Wchnschr. 80:1001-1003 ( (June 30) ) 1933. 12. Neuber, E.: Neuere Untersuchungen und Beobachtungen in bezug auf Diagnose und Behandlung der Aktinomykose , Wien. klin. Wchnschr. 51:12 ( (Jan. 7) ) 13. 48 (Jan. 14) 1938. 14. Fowler, E. P., Jr.: Medicine of the Ear , New York, Thos. Nelson & Sons, 1939, p. 185 15. Myers, H. B., and Thienes, C. H.: The Fungicidal Activity of Certain Volatile Oils and Stearoptens , J. A. M. A. 84:1985-1986 ( (June 27) ) 1925.Crossref 16. Myers, H. B.: Unappreciated Fungicidal Activity of Certain Volatile Oils , J. A. M. A. 89:1834-1836 ( (Nov. 26) ) 1927.Crossref 17. Myers, H. B.: Thymol Therapy in Actinomycosis , J. A. M. A. 108:1875 ( (May 29) ) 1937.Crossref 18. Florey, M. E., and Florey, H. W.: General and Local Administration of Penicillin . Lancet 1:387 ( (March 27) ) 1943.Crossref 19. Waksman, S. A.: Personal communication to the authors, June 1943.

SMITH, THOMAS T.

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010155004

Abstract Solitary benign tumors arising from peripheral nerves and possessing the characteristic picture of neurofibroma have been observed in almost all parts of the body but occur most frequently along the posterior divisions of the spinal nerves and the acoustic nerve and less commonly along other cranial nerves. The occurrence of a tumor of this type in the larynx, however, is extremely rare, only 12 cases having been reported. Five cases were found in American literature, and 7 in foreign publications. Vail,1 describing a case of schwannoma of the larynx in 1933, noted only 2 previously reported similar cases. Suchanek2 reported a case in 1925, and Holmgren and Borgstrand,3 another in 1928. Jackson and Coates4 described a single case in 1929. Malan5 in 1937 reported a case and referred to similar single cases described by Clause, Marshik and Gignoux. respectively. New and Erich6 in 1938, Hoover7 in 1940, Seidel8 in 1940 References 1. Vail, H. H.: Schwannoma , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 42:476, 1933. 2. Suchanek: Neurinom des Kehlkopfeinganges , Monatschr. f. Ohrenh. 59:613, 1925. 3. Holmgren G. and Borgstrand H. Neurinoma: Case Report , Acta oto-laryng. 12:514, 1928. 4. Jackson, C., and Coates G. M.: The Nose, Throat and Ear a Their Diseases , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1929. 5. Malan, A.: Neurinoma , Valsalva 13:417, 1937. 6. New, G. B, and Erich, J. B.: Benign Tumors of Larynx Study of 722 Cases , Arch. Otolaryng. 28:841 ( (Dec.) ) 1938. 7. Hoover, W. B.: Benign Tumors: Diagnosis and Treatment , S. Clin. North America 20:6971940. 8. Seidel O.: Very Rare Tumor (Neurinoma) of Unusual Size in Boy Twelve Years Old , Arch. f. Ohren-, Nasen- u. 148:210, 1940 9. Van Loon, E. L., and Diamond, S.: Neurofibroma of Larynx , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 5:122, 1942. 10. Ewing, J.: Neoplastic Diseases , Philadelphia W. B. Saunders Company, 1941. 11. Virchow, R.: Die krankhaften Geschwülste , Berlin, A. Hirschwald, 1863. 12. Thomson, A.: Neuroma and Neurofibromatosis , Edinburgh, Turnbull and Spears, 1900. 13. von Recklinghausen, F.: Ueber die multiplen Fibrome der Haut und ihre Beziehung zu den multiplen Neuromen , Berlin, A. Hirschwald, 1882. 14. Verocay, J.: Zur Kenntnis der Neurofibrome , Beitr. z. path. Anat. u. z. allg. Path. 48:1, 1910. 15. Masson, P.: Recklinghausen's Neurofibromatosis, Sensory Neuromas and Motor Neuromas , in Contributions to the Medical Sciences in Honor of Dr. Emanuel Libman by His Pupils, Friends and Colleagues , New York, International Press, 1932, vol. 2, p. 793 16. Am. J. Path. 8:367, 1932. 17. Mallory, F. B.: The Type of Cell of the So-Called Dural Endothelioma , J. M. Research 41:349, 1920. 18. Rhoads, C. P., and Van Wagenen, W. P.: Observations on the Histology of the Tumors of the Nervus Acusticus , Am. J. Path. 4:145, 1928. 19. Penfield, W.: Tumors of the Sheaths of Nervous System , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 27:1298 ( (June) ) 1932 20. Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System , New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 1932 21. The Encapsulated Tumors of Nervous System, Meningeal Fibroblastomata, Perineural Fibroblastomata and Neurofibromata of von Recklinghausen , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 45:178, 1927.

LEWY, ALFRED

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010163005

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present to members of the medical professior. what I believe to be a promising and justifiable long range experiment in the use of fluorine for the prevention of some forms of deafness and to suggest investigations which may lead to its trial in other fields of medicine. The influence of fluorine on living bone and fibrous tissue, especially ligaments, has been the subject of considerable investigation for many years. The literature on this subject was summed up by Roholm,1 in 1937, in a monograph based on his study of cryolite workers and miners in Iceland. He has 893 bibliographic references. The dental literature2 is also much concerned with dental fluorosis resulting from the drinking of water containing fluorine, and many investigations have been reported from various parts of the world. The effect extends to the dentin as well as to the enamel, hence References 1. Roholm, K.: Fluorine Intoxication: Clinical Study with Review of the Literature and Some Experimental Investigations , English translation, London, H. K. Lewis & Co., Ltd., 1937. 2. Black, G. V., and McKay, F. S.: Mottled Teeth: An Endemic Developmental Imperfection of the Enamel of the Teeth, Heretofore Unknown in the Literature of Dentistry , Dent. Cosmos 58:129, 1916. 3. Dean, H. T., and others, in Fluorine and Dental Health , Publication 19, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1942. 4. Schour, I., and Smith, M. C.: The Histologic Changes in the Enamel and Dentin of the Rat Incisors in Acute and Chronic Experimental Fluorosis , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 32:1, 1934. 5. Schour, I., and Smith, M. C.: Experimental Dental Fluorosis , in Fluorine and Dental Health , Publication 19, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1942. 6. Hodge, H. C.: Is Fluorine a Therapeutic Agent for Dental Caries? J. Am. Dent. A 29:2063, 1942. 7. Ast, D.: The Caries-Fluorine Hypothesis and a Suggested Study to Test Its Application , Pub. Health Rep. 58:857, 1943. 8. Bibby, B. G., and Van Kesteren, M.: Effect of Fluorine on Mouth Bacteria , Dent. Research 19:391, 1940. 9. Lewy, A.: Influence of Fluorine on the Bony Labyrinth of the White Mouse (Mus Musculus Albins): Preliminary Report , Arch. Otolaryng. 8:315 ( (Sep.) ) 1928. 10. Lewy,A.: Influence of Fluorine on the Bony Labyrinth of the White Mouse: Further Observations , Arch. Otolaryng. 20:693 ( (Nov.) ) 1934. 11. Escat, E.: Monographie , Otolaryng. Internat. 7:653, 1922. 12. Schulz, H. P.: Vorlesungen über Wirkung und Anwendung der unorganischen Arzneistoffe , Leipzig, Georg Thieme, 1920. 13. Schüssler, W. H.: Manual for the Biochemical Treatment of Disease , translated by L. H. Tafel, ed. 25, Philadelphia, Boericke & Tafel, 1898. 14. Deatherage, C. F.: Mottled Enamel from the Standpoint of the Public Health Dentist (Including the Relation of Fluorine to Dental Caries in Illinois) , in Fluorine and Dental Health , Publication 19, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1942. 15. Fowler, E. P.: Otosclerosis in Identical Twins , Tr. Am. Otol. Soc. 32:166, 1942. 16. Grahe, K., and Griebel, C.: Die Bedeutung der allgemeinen Stoffwechselstörung bei der Otosklerose , Ztschr. f. Laryng., Rhin., Otol. 22:162, 1932 17. Weitere Abbaustudien bei Otosklerose , Grahe, K., Ztschr. f. Laryng., Rhin., Otol. 24:149, 1933. 18. Spira, L.: J. Laryng. & Otol. 58:151, 1943.

LAMONT, EDWARD S

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010166006

Abstract The correction of permanent facial paralysis is frequently a reconstructive problem, often a neurologic one and sometimes both. At present war wounds are uppermost in mind; bizarre clinical pictures may be presented, and judgment must be applied according to present knowledge. If the lesion is such that nerve graft or anastomosis can be accomplished, these procedures may be utilized. However, if the lesion is an old one, conjunctive surgical reconstruction with fascia and muscle transplants may be necessary. For, as Blair1 pointed out, it requires six months to a year to obtain all or almost all of the innervation that can be obtained by anastomosis or nerve graft, but it requires a much longer period to learn to use this innervation to the greatest advantage. Consequently, in the presence of muscle atrophy, nerve graft or anastomosis alone will not affect a mechanical recovery. ANATOMY OF THE SEVENTH NERVE The seventh References 1. Blair, V. P.: Notes on the Operative Correction of Facial Palsy , South. M. J. 19:116-120 ( (Feb.) ) 1926.Crossref 2. Ballance, C., and Duel A. B.: The Operative Treatment of Facial Palsy , Arch. Otolaryng. 15:1-70 ( (Jan.) ) 1932.Crossref 3. Duel, A. B., and Tickle, T. G.: The Surgical Repair of Facial Nerve Paralysis: A Clinical Presentation , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 45:3-6 ( (March) ) 1936. 4. Ballance, C.: A Note on the Operative Treatment of Facial Palsy , Brit. M. J. 1:787-788 ( (April 30) ) 1932. 5. Martin, R. C.: Recent Experiences with Operation on the Facial Nerve , Arch., Otolaryng. 32:1071-1075 ( (Dec.) ) 1940. 6. Cardwell, E. P.: Direct Implantation of Free Nerve Grafts Between Facial Musculature and Facial Trunk , Arch. Otolaryng. 27:469-471 (April) ) 1938. 7. Tumarkin, I. A.: Indications for Surgery in Severe Bell's Palsy , Brit. M. J. 1:580-581: ( (March 21) ) 1936. 8. Duel, A. B.: Surgical Treatment of Facial Palsy: Ballance-Duel Method , Laryngoscope 42:579-587 ( (Aug.) ) 1932. 9. Tickle, T. G.: The After-Care of Surgical Repair of the Facial Nerve , Ann Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 45:7-28 ( (March) 1936. 10. Kettel, K.: Facial Palsy of Otitic Origin , Arch. Otolaryng. 37:303-348 ( (March) ) 1943. 11. Bunnell, S.: Surgical Repair of the Facial Nerve , Arch. Otolaryng. 25:235-259 ( (March) ) 1937. 12. Tarlov, I. M., and Benjamin, B.: Plasma Clot and Silk Suture of Nerves , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 76:366-374 ( (March) ) 1943. 13. Tarlov, I. M.; Denslow, C.; Swarz, S., and Pineles, D.: Plasma Clot Suture of Nerves , Arch. Surg. 47:44-58 ( (July) 1943. 14. Cleveland, D.: The Treatment of Facial Paralysis , Internat. Abstr. Surg. 69:545-555, 1939 15. Surg., Gynec. & Obst. , (July) 1939. 16. Sheehan, J. E.: The Muscle-Nerve Graft , S. Clin. North America 15:471-482 ( (April) ) 1935. 17. Blair, V. P.: Further Observations upon the Compensatory Use of Live Tendon Strips for Facial Paralysis , Ann. Surg. 92:694-703 ( (Oct.) 1930. 18. Gillies, H.: Experiences with Fascia Lata Grafts in the Operative Treatment of Facial Paralysis , J. Laryng., & Otol. 49:743-756 ( (Nov.) ) 1934. 19. Brown, J. B.: The Utilization of the Temporal Muscle and Fascia in Facial Paralysis , Ann. Surg. 109:1016-103 ( (June) ) 1939. 20. Halle, M: The Occurrence of Facial Paralysis and Metods for Its Correction , Laryngoscope 48:225-235 ( (April) ) 1938. 21. Straatsma, C. R.: Plastic Reconstruction in Facial Palsy , Laryngoscope 49:482-483 ( (June) ) 1939.

VASTINE, MARY FRANCES

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010175007

Abstract Since no correlation between vestibular function and hearing in a series of very deaf children has been made, it seemed that such a study was justified. Then, too, certain questions were of tantalizing interest. For example, What number, if any, of profoundly deaf children exhibit normal vestibular function? Is the correlation between vestibular function and hearing such that a certain type of hearing curve can be foretold from a given result on test of vestibular function? Can any conclusions be drawn relative to vestibular function when the etiologic factor which has produced the deafness is known? As Hughson, Ciocco and Palmer1 pointed out, the past decade has happily seen a marked increase in the understanding of the deafened person's problems. As a result, otologists are beginning to realize that their total contribution to the prevention of deafness has not been great. There has been no appreciable decrease in the proportion References 1. Hughson, W.; Ciocco, A., and Palmer, C.: Studies of Pupils of the Pennsylvania School for the Deaf: I. Auditory Acuity , Arch. Otolaryng. 29:403-416 ( (March) ) 1939.Crossref 2. Goldstein, M. A.: Problems of the Deaf , St. Louis, Laryngoscope Press, 1933. 3. Wirth, E.: Diagnosis of Hereditary Deafness According to Symmetrical Distribution of Residual Hearing Capacity and Vestibular Excitability , Arch. f. Ohren-, Nasen- u. Kehlkopfh. 141:212-216, 1936.Crossref 4. Jones, I. H., and Fisher, L.: Equilibrium and Vertigo , Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1918. 5. Howe, H. A., and Guild, S. R.: Absence of the Organ of Corti and Its Possible Relation to Electric Auditory Nerve Responses , Anat. Rec. ( (supp.) ) 55:20, 1933.

MYERSON, MERVIN C.

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010183008

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract A large experience with hemilaryngectomy performed by means of the laryngofissure exposure impressed me with the relatively little reaction and the rapid convalescence which usually follow this procedure. It occurred to me, therefore, that total laryngectomy, being little more than bilateral hemilaryngectomy with the added factors of a tracheal cannula, a nasal feeding tube and the necessity of repairing a pharyngeal defect, might be performed by this technic. Removal of the larynx in two halves appealed to me because it seemed easier to perform and held promise of less trauma, less local reaction and the conservation of a greater amount of healthy mucous membrane for purposes of repair. The more mucous membrane saved, the greater would be the mobility of the anterior wall segment, hence a smaller defect, insuring easier closure and the prospect of primary union. In addition to resection of the larynx in two parts, it was decided

BROWN, ADOLPH M.

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010190009

Abstract As plastic surgery has progressed, various materials have been used for surgical implants designed to raise the skin and obliterate facial defects caused by loss of tissue. The materials most commonly used have been: Paraffin. Paraffin has been used in saddle noses in the form of a heavy oil or a wax with a low melting point. It was injected under the skin with a syringe, molded to shape with the fingers and permitted to solidify. This procedure satisfied the esthetic desires of the patient and of the doctor, but the effects were transient at best. The paraffinoma which almost always resulted from this maneuver was difficult to remove and tended to become carcinomatous. As the procedure is a relatively easy one, unskilled and unscrupulous operators have even injected this material into the saddle noses of syphilitic patients (fig. 1). Celluloid. Ivory. Celluloid and ivory, synthetic and animal material, References 1. Naffziger, H. C., in discussion on Grant, F. C., and Norcross, N. C.: Repair of Cranial Defects by Cranioplasty , Ann. Surg. 110:511, 1939 2. The Restoration of Defects of the Skull , Naffziger Ann. Surg. 104:321, 1936.Crossref 3. Kolodny, A.: Osteoplastic Repair of Cranial Defects , Am. J. Surg. 46:365, 1939.Crossref 4. Walker, A. E.; Taggart, J. K., Jr., and Lambros, V. S., cited by Lambros, V. S.: Repair of Large Cranial Defects , Arch. Surg. 46:575 ( (April) ) 1943.Crossref 5. Brown, A. M.: Plastic Operations for Hump Nose , Arch. Otolaryng. 31:827 ( (May) ) 1940.Crossref 6. This is marketed under the trade name Film-Ac by Justi and Son, Inc., of Philadelphia.

BERGER, ISIDORE

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010195010

Abstract Although the subject of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea was referred to in English medical literature in the early part of the nineteenth century, it was not until 1899 that it was brought to medical attention by Sir St. Clair Thomson. This condition is a symptom per se but is to be considered with apprehension by both the patient and the physician since it is often the forerunner as well as the concomitant of serious intracranial abnormality. The fluid presents the character of spinal fluid, being odorless, tasteless and colorless, and when it is boiled with Fehling's copper sulfate solution reduction occurs with deposit of cuprous oxide. It is further differentiated from the fluid of ordinary rhinorrhea by its lack of mucin and practically of albumin. It leaves a handkerchief unstiffened and dry in due course. Chemical examination of the fluid in the fresh state is important as alteration and absorption of the References 1. Thomson, St. C., and Negus, V. E.: Diseases of the Nose and Throat , ed. 4, New York, D. Appleton-Century Company, Inc., 1937. 2. Shea, J. J.: Cerebrospinal Rhinorrhoea with Autopsy Report , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 47:253-260 ( (March) ) 1938. 3. Wessels, A.: Report of a Case of Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Rhinorrhoea with Operative Cure , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 48:528-530 ( (June) ) 1939. 4. Titche, L. L.: Cerebrospinal Rhinorrhoea: Report of Case Presenting Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 50:554-560 ( (June) ) 1941. 5. Som, L., and Kramer, R.: Cerebrospinal Rhinorrhoea: Pathological Findings , Laryngoscope 50:1167-1177 ( (Dec.) ) 1940. 6. Perot, P. L.: Cerebrospinal Rhinorrhoea , New Orleans M. & S. J. 94:27-29 ( (July) ) 1941. 7. Friedberg, S. A., and Galloway, T. C.: Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Rhinorrhoea , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 47:792-794 ( (Sept.) ) 1938.

KAYSER, REUBEN

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010197011

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The instrument was presented before the Otolaryngological Section of the Medical Society of the County of Kings and the Academy of Medicine of Brooklyn on Nov. 10, 1943. It was also presented at the annual meeting of the American Rhinological Society for the Advancement of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Academy of Medicine of New York on Nov. 12, 1943. The new instrument has been devised to serve a twofold purpose. One end enables the rhinoplastic surgeon to (1) present to direct view the lower lateral cartilage and (2) to section it exactly as desired with one sweep of the knife. Below is shown the left lateral view. Note (a) hook, (b) flanger elevator, (c) angulated rest plate, (d) button finger rest, (e) abrupt taper and (f) pivot rest. It eliminates any danger fo the knife slipping, any deviation from the predetermined line of incision or any nicking of

MACQUIDDY, ERNEST L.

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010200012

Abstract GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Cooke1 discussed the protein derivatives histamine, proteose and nucleic acid as factors in allergy. He concluded his discussion of histamine with this statement: "... with regard to clinical studies, my results are not in accord with most of those reported. I find no unresponsive phase in urticaria [it has been assumed that if a spontaneous urticarial wheal appears in a certain area, it will not reappear in that area for thirty-six to forty-eight hours], no increase of tolerance to histamine, no clinical result in chronic urticaria and no evidence that histamine is increased in the blood during general allergic reactions." Regarding proteose, he expressed the belief that clinical sensitization to derivatives of the digestion of protein, at least to those in the proteose state, existed. Regarding nucleic acid he stated that in his clinic certain patients sensitive to ragweed had been tested with nucleic acid and positive reactions References 1. Cooke, R. A.: Protein Derivatives and Allergy , Ann. Int. Med. 16:71-80, 1942.Crossref 2. Winkenwerder, W. L.; Buell, M. V., and Howard, J. E.: Sensitizing Properties of Nucleic Acids and Their Derivatives , Science 90:356, 1939.Crossref 3. Urbach, E.: Endogenous Allergy , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 45:697-722 ( (April) ) 1942. 4. Frank, I.; Blahd, M., and Howell, K. M.: Experimental Hypersensitivity of Mucous Membranes of Upper Respiratory Tract , Arch. Otolaryng. 35:918-921 ( (June) ) 1942. 5. Brunner, H.: Nasal Glands , Arch. Otolaryng. 35:183-209 ( (Feb.) ) 1942. 6. Cahn-Bronner, C. E.: The Presence and Action of Lysozyme in the Nasal Mucosa , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 51:250-252, 1942. 7. Fleming, A.: On a Remarkable Bacteriolytic Element Found in Tissues and Secretions , Proc. Roy. Soc., London , s.B 93:306-317, 1922. 8. Thompson, R.: Lysozyme and Its Relation to the Antibacterial Properties of Various Tissues and Secretions , Arch. Path. 30:1096-1134 ( (Nov.) ) 1940. 9. Deamer, W. C.: Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in Childhood , Clinics 1:655-668, 1942. 10. Urbach, E., and Gottlieb, P. M.: Relation of Vasomotor Rhinitis to Bronchial Asthma , Arch. Pediat. 59:382-388, 1942. 11. Urbach, E.: Odors, Osmyls as Allergenic Agents , J. Allergy 13:387-396, 1942. 12. Iliff, E. H., and Gay, L. N.: Oral Treatment with Ragweed Pollen , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 70:378-385, 1942. 13. Clements, R. M.: A Newer Treatment for Perennial Hay Fever , J. M. A. Alabama 11:428-430, 1942. 14. Rockwell, G. E.: (a) Clinical Study with Pollen Antigen Hydrochloride , Ohio State M. J. 38:433-434, 1942 15. Preparation of a Slowly Absorbed Pollen Antigen , Rockwell, G. E.: Ohio State M. J. 37:651-652, 1941. 16. Means, R. R.: Use of Colloidal Calcium Gelatinate in Seasonal Allergy , M. Rec. 155:313-315, 1942. 17. Howe, A. C.: Nucleic Acid Treatment of Subacute and Chronic Sinusitis , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 51:220-227, 1942. 18. Brighton, G. R.; Snow, W. B., and Friedman, H. S.: Short Wave Therapy in Treatment of Sinusitis and Allergic Rhinitis , J. A. M. A. 118:507-510 ( (Feb. 14) ) 1942. 19. Golan, H. G., and Sack, S. S.: The Value of Continuing Preseasonal Therapy Through Pollen Season , J. Allergy 13:300-306, 1942. 20. Sack, S. S., and Golan, H. G.: Relationship Between Clinical Symptoms and Pollen Count in Pollinosis , J. Allergy 13:296-299, 1942. 21. Holmes, H. W., and Alexander, W.: Hay Fever and Vitamin C , Science 96:497-499, 1942.Crossref 22. Ruskin, L.: Studies on Parallel Action of Vitamin C and Calcium , Am. J. Digest. Dis. 5:408-411, 1938.Crossref 23. Ruskin, L.: Calcium Cevitamate in Treatment of Acute Rhinitis , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 47:502-511, 1938. 24. Ruskin, L.: Influence of Vitamin C on Anti Histamine Action of Various Drugs , Arch. Otolaryng. 36:853-873 ( (Dec.) ) 1942. 25. Bucher, C. S.: Use of Anterior Pituitary Extract in Treatment of Allergy , Illinois M. J. 82:202-205, 1942. 26. Lemoine, A. N.: Allergies in Ophthalmology , Arch. Ophth. 26:79-92 ( (July) ) 1942. 27. Knapp, A. A.: Vitamin D in Vernal Catarrh , J. Allergy 13:407-410, 1942. 28. Cohen, A. E.: Unusual Hypersensitiveness to House Dust in a Case of Allergic Conjunctivitis , J. Allergy 13:170-172, 1942. 29. Noun, L. J.: Chronic Otorrhea Due to Food Sensitivity , J. Allergy 14:82-86, 1942. 30. Mao, C. Y.: Allergy as Contributing Factor to Biologic Deafness , Arch. Otolaryng. 35:582-586 ( (April) ) 1942. 31. Farmer, L., and Kauffman, R. E.: Histamine in Treatment of Nasal Allergy , Laryngoscope 52:255-256, 1942. 32. Vaisberg, M.: Histaminase , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 27:635-640, 1942. 33. Reveno, W. S.: Observations on Parenteral Use of Histaminase , Harper Hosp. Bull. 1:69-70, 1942. 34. Shilkret, H. H.: Bacillus Coli Metabolism , New York State J. Med. 42:332-335, 1942. 35. Loveless, M. H., and Baldwin, H. S.: "Coli Metabolin" Therapy in Hay Fever: Psychogenic Benefits , J. A. M. A. 118:451-453 ( (Feb. 7) ) 1942. 36. Gordon, I.: Allergy, Enuresis and Stammering , Brit. M. J. 1:357-358, 1942.

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010205013

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010210016

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract This is an excellent monograph. The author has given a clearcut discussion of the complicated problem of deafness and has presented the present day acceptance of causes, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic principles in a simple, easily understood manner. He has subdivided the subject into chapters dealing with (1) middle ear deafness, (2) otosclerosis, (3) progressive labyrinthitis, (4) congenital labyrinthitis, (5) deaf-mutism, (6) occupational deafness, (7) senile deafness, (8) toxic neuritis of the acoustic nerve, (9) syphilitic neurolabyrinthitis and (10) Ménière's disease. The chapter on otosclerosis is noteworthy. The author includes all the modern concepts of the possible etiologic factors, and his discussion of treatment utilizes these factors with a frank evaluation of the results of therapy. He gives a detailed discussion of both the surgical principles and the surgical technic. The Lempert procedure with its recent modification (fenestra nov-ovalis) is given its proper evaluation. The author has streamlined each chapter

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010210017

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract A sum of money having accrued from the Casselberry Fund of the American Laryngological Association, a prize will be offered in 1944 for papers on original investigation in the art and science of laryngology or rhinology. These must be in the hands of the secretary, Dr. Arthur W. Proetz, 1010 Beaumont Building, St. Louis 8, Mo., before March 1, 1944.

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010210015

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract This book is an outgrowth of collected papers, clippings and pictures of Dr. Beck and his many friends. He was urged to write it by so many that he set about this task and in his usual keen perceptive style presents us with a text of 335 pages divided into three parts as follows: part 1 which has the title "Medical Masters," part 2 entitled "My Life and Basic Information" and part 3 "Some Otolaryngological Friends." The book is essentially a historical narrative beginning with Dr. Beck's embracing the otolaryngologic specialty in Chicago and radiating therefrom throughout the United States, with full comments on experiences in foreign clinics and in teaching. Over 350 eminent otolaryngologists in America are briefly but adequately documented in a clear vivid style that breathes the very soul of Dr. Beck, and it is evident how much he loved and cherished his friends, associates, assistants and

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010210014

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract In the introduction the authors term this excellent book a manual especially designed for the medical student, the general practitioner and the young specialist in otorhinolaryngology. It is actually a complete modern volume, with particular emphasis placed on clinical manifestations and their interpretations, diagnosis and treatment. In order to facilitate and obtain a more thorough examination, newer methods and instruments have been discussed in detail. These include pharyngoscopy, direct laryngoscopy, visualization of the eustachian orifice, the use of the antrascope, esophagoscopy, bronchoscopy and audiometry. Stress has been laid on many interrelated subjects such as focal infection, allergy, the pharyngeal manifestations of the various leukocytic dysfunctions, the laryngeal and tracheal dyspneas of infancy, the physiology of the nasal fossae and sinuses, the newer theories on transmission and reception of sound waves, osteitis of the petrous pyramid, acute meningitis, traumatism of the ear and fractures of the nose. Therapy is discussed logically,

1944 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1944.00680010211018