Archives of Otolaryngology

RAWLINS, A. G.

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010141001

Abstract It is difficult to attack a problem which presents the confusion that is found in the question of the common cold. When the factor of etiology is so uncertain and indefinite, naturally the data concerning therapy and prevention will be even more unreliable. However, the subject is so extremely important when viewed from such angles as disability and complications that any scientific work along this line seems worthy of consideration. It is not my intention to burden the reader by reviewing the extensive literature on this subject, as practically everything done along this line can be found in the large volume on the "Common Cold" by David and Robert Thomson1 in the Annals of the Pickett-Thomson Research Laboratory. In order to try out any form of intelligent treatment it is usually necessary to accept, temporarily at least, some theory as to the cause of the disease. At present the data References 1. Thomson, D., and Thomson, R.: The Common Cold with Special Reference to the Part Played by Streptococci, Pneumococci, and Other Organisms , Ann. Pickett-Thomson Research Lab. 8:1-699 ( (Dec.) ) 1932.

CLARKE, J. A.;ROGERS, HARRY L.

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010146002

Abstract Sneezing, congestion of the nose and serous discharge without constitutional symptoms constitute a syndrome well known to all. Inspection of the nose shows little except intermittent turgescence of a pale mucous membrane. The condition is usually spoken of as some manner of rhinitis, catarrh or coryza. Its frequent occurrence in asthma and seasonal hay fever was recognized long before the word allergy was coined. In spite of its ubiquity it has never received an acceptable name. It is not an inflammation. Of the five classic symptoms of inflammation, "dolor, calor, rubor, tumor and functio laesa," only tumor and functio laesa are found, nor does the uncomplicated condition produce fibrosis in healing. In renal disease, a similar condition is distinguished from true nephritis by the term nephrosis. Were it not for the fear of confusion with rhinoceros, the term "rhinosis" might be suggested. However, with a mental reservation on the last References 1. Clarke, J. A., Jr.: Pennsylvania M. J. 38:408 ( (March) ) 1935. 2. Cooke, R. A.: J. Immunol. 7:147, 1922. 3. Cohen, M. B.: J. Allergy 6:517, 1935.Crossref 4. Bray, G. W.: Recent Advances in Allergy , ed. 2, Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1934, p. 314.

SMITH, C. G.

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010153003

Abstract The occasional occurrence of small olfactory bulbs in the albino rat has been noted by Holt,1 Sugita2 and Donaldson and Hatai3 and in my previous study.4 These bulbs, which occur rather infrequently in young rats and which were designated as stunted by Sugita, were found to be present in all the senile rats studied.4 The fact that the decrease in volume was apparently dependent on the loss of the entering olfactory fibers led me to obtain some further material in order that the olfactory mucous membrane and olfactory nerves might be studied along with the olfactory bulbs. The results of this study form the basis of the present communication. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve male albino rats of the experimental colony strain were obtained from the Wistar Institute for this investigation. These were of the same stock as those used in a previous study and like them were all normal rats References 1. Holt, C. M.: Studies on the Olfactory Bulbs of the Albino Rat: I. Experiments to Determine the Effect of a Defective Diet and of Exercise on the Weight of the Olfactory Bulb; II. Number of Cells in the Bulb , J. Comp. Neurol. 27:201-261, 1917.Crossref 2. Sugita, Naoki: Comparative Studies on the Growth of the Cerebral Cortex: I. On the Changes in Size and Shape of the Cerebrum During Postnatal Growth of the Brain; Albino Rat , J. Comp. Neurol. 28:495-510, 1917.Crossref 3. Donaldson, H. H., and Hatai, S.: On the Weight of the Parts of the Brain and on the Percentage of Water in Them According to Brain Weight and Age, in Albino and in Wild Norway Rats , J. Comp. Neurol. 53:263-307, 1931.Crossref 4. Smith, C. G.: The Change in Volume of the Olfactory and Accessory Olfactory Bulbs of the Albino Rat During Postnatal Life , J. Comp. Neurol. 61:477-508, 1935.Crossref 5. Kolmer, Walter: Geruchsorgan , in von Möllendorff, W.: Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1927, vol. 3, pp. 192-249. 6. Kolmer,5 p. 198. 7. Suchannek, Hermann: Differentialdiagnostische Merkmale zur Unterscheidung zwischen normalem und pathologischem menschlichen Riechepithel, resp. respiratorischem Flimmerepithel , Ztschr. f. Ohrenh. 22:4-10, 1892. 8. Kolmer,5 p. 203. 9. Bauer, Theodor, and Beck, Oscar: Atlas der Histopathologie der Nase und ihrer Nebenhöhlen , Leipzig, Curt Kabitzsch, 1924. 10. Jaffé, Rudolf: Anatomie und Pathologie der Spontanerkrankungen der kleinen Laboratoriumstiere , Kaninchen, Meerschweinchen, Ratte, Maus, Berlin, Julius Springer, 1931. 11. Seifried, Oskar: Die wichtigsten Krankheiten des Kaninchens, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Infektions- und Invasions-Krankheiten , Munich, J. F. Bergmann, 1927. 12. Webster, cited by Seifried.11

LEMPERT, JULIUS

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010166004

Abstract In 1936 I1 published a preliminary report on a new technic for complete apicectomy. I desire here to establish the rationale of this technic and also to discuss the compelling requirements for such a procedure. The time has now arrived when surgical exenteration of the pathologic focus should replace drainage of the accumulated pus and be the goal of surgical intervention. Petrositis is an inflammation of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, as mastoiditis is an inflammation of the mastoid portion of this bone, but, unlike the definitive term mastoiditis, the term petrositis is too broad and vague. From a surgical point of view the petrous pyramid differs from the mastoid process in that the former is crowded with vitally important anatomic structures. The term petrositis is meaningless to the otologist if he is to intervene surgically. In mastoiditis, even though the suppurative process may involve a small portion References 1. Lempert, J.: Complete Apicectomy: Preliminary Report of a New Technic , New York State J. Med. 36:1210 ( (Sept. 1) ) 1936. 2. Guild, Stacy R.: Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 44:1011 ( (Dec.) ) 1935. 3. Kopetzky, S. J.: Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 43:718 ( (Sept.) ) 1934. 4. Kopetzky, S. J., and Almour, R.: The Suppuration of the Petrous Pyramid: Pathology, Symptomatology and Surgical Treatment , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 39:996 ( (Dec.) ) 1930 5. 40:157 (March) 6. 396 (June) 7. 922 (Sept.) 1931. 8. Eagleton, Wells P.: Unlocking of the Petrous Pyramid for Localized Bulbar (Pontile) Meningitis Secondary to Suppuration of the Petrous Apex: Report of Four Cases, with Recovery in Three , Arch. Otolaryng. 13:386 ( (March) ) 1931. 9. Frenckner, P.: Some Remarks on the Treatment of Apicitis With or Without Gradenigo's Syndrome , Acta oto-laryng. 17:97, 1932. 10. Ramadier, J.: L'ostéite profonde du rocher , Oto-rhino-laryng. internat. 17:816 ( (Nov.) ) 1933. 11. Jones, Marvin F.: Suppuration of the Petrosal Pyramid , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 44:1037 ( (Dec.) ) 1935. 12. Friesner, I., and Druss, J. G.: Suppuration of the Petrosal Pyramid , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 44:1100 ( (Dec.) ) 1935.

LEWY, ROBERT B.

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010200005

Abstract Few problems have been so elusive of solution by otologists as that of the relief or cure of tinnitus aurium. In some cases this problem has been of such magnitude as to undermine the morale of the physician as well as that of the patient. It has been felt justifiable in some instances even to sacrifice hearing by destruction of the labyrinth by surgical or other equally radical measures. Bárány1 discovered during the course of some intranasal surgical procedures that the injection of a solution of procaine hydrochloride into the inferior turbinate occasionally stopped tinnitus in some patients for a variable length of time. In an article published just prior to his death he suggested that this and other local anesthetic agents given by this route or, preferably, intravenously might be of some value in alleviating this condition. This paper records experiments with three different local anesthetic agents to work References 1. Bárány, Robert: Die Beeinflussung des Ohrensausens durch intravenös injizierte Lokalanästhetica: Vorläufige Mitteilung , Acta oto-laryng. 23:201-203, 1935.Crossref 2. Lipschitz, W., and Laubender, W.: Die pharmakologischen Wirkungen des Percains: Toxikologische Untersuchungen , Klin. Wchnschr. 9:968-974 ( (May 24) ) 1930.Crossref

MAXWELL, J. H.

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010206006

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Septic thrombophlebitis of the sigmoid sinus remains, as it has been for many years, one of the most intriguing complications of suppurative otitis media. Instances of this condition comprise but a small portion of the relatively large number of cases of suppurative otitis media associated with sepsis. The term as used signifies an infected clot, mural or occluding, from which particles gain entrance into the blood stream and produce septicemia. True septicopyemia with a positive blood culture and metastatic abscesses is not found in every case. The broader term "sepsis" is usually applied, indicating the condition of a patient who is acutely ill of an infection and who presents chills, intermittent high fever giving the "picket fence temperature curve," leukocytosis and secondary anemia. Having ruled out possible extra-aural causes of sepsis, one must bear in mind the fact that infecting organisms in the middle ear and mastoid may gain entrance

GAULT, ROBERT H.;GOODFELLOW, LOUIS D.

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010212007

Abstract THE PROBLEM It has been demonstrated repeatedly that certain vibratory patterns of spoken language can be identified by the senses of touch and vibration. For example, one of us (R. H. G.)1 has shown that deaf persons, or normally hearing observers having hearing eliminated, can learn to recognize vibratory patterns having the qualities of vowels and diphthongs when these patterns are communicated to the finger-tips by means of the Gault phonotactor.2 Weichbrodt3 has found the same thing to be true for certain consonantal qualities. Roberts4 has found that his observers after training could discriminate between two pitches when the difference was less than a semitone and when the base was 400 double vibrations. Most significant of all is the finding5 that two of a group of six deaf pupils (after intensive training in the use of the Gault phonotactor) were able to understand the gist of a short story by References 1. Gault, R. H.: On the Interpretation of Speech Sounds by Their Tactual Correlates , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 35:121-136, 1926. 2. This consists of a microphone, an especially designed amplifier and a receiving unit (vibrator) by means of which the deaf are taught to interpret the vibratory patterns of speech and music thus communicated to their finger-tips. 3. Weichbrodt, M.: Tactual Compared with Visual Discrimination of Consonantal Qualities , J. Gen. Psychol. 6:203-206, 1932. 4. Roberts, W. H.: A Two-Dimensional Analysis of Discrimination of Differences in Frequency of Vibrations by Means of the Sense of Touch , J. Franklin Inst. 213:286-312, 1932. 5. Gault, R. H.: Progress of Experiments on the Tactual Interpretation of Oral Speech , J. Abnorm. & Social Psychol. 19:155-159, 1924.

WILLIAMS, HENRY L.;HEILMAN, FORDYCE R.

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010218008

Abstract Lillie1 in 1925 reviewed the literature on osteomyelitis of the cranial bones secondary to operations on the paranasal sinuses and reported two cases, including the observations at necropsy. Bulson2 in 1925 reviewed the reports of cases of osteomyelitis of the skull as a complication of frontal sinusitis which had appeared in the literature for the previous thirty years. He collected reports of fifty-five cases, with thirty-seven deaths, a mortality of 67 per cent. Further analysis of Bulson's statistics revealed twenty-eight cases of complicated chronic frontal sinusitis with a mortality of 75 per cent, and twenty-seven cases of complicated acute frontal sinusitis with a mortality of 60 per cent; twenty-six patients had osteomyelitis previous to the first operation. In regard to the bacteria present, he reported one case in which pneumococci were found but the patient recovered, five in which streptococci were isolated and all the patients died and fourteen in References 1. Lillie, H. I.: Osteomyelitis of the Cranial Bones Secondary to Paranasal Sinus Operations , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 34:353-365 ( (June) ) 1925. 2. Bulson, A. E., Jr.: Osteomyelitis of the Frontal Bone as a Complication of Frontal Sinusitis , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 31:102-143, 1925. 3. McKenzie, Dan: Further Observations on Spreading Osteomyelitis of the Skull , J. Laryng. & Otol. 42:293-308 ( (May) ) 1927. 4. Watkyn-Thomas, F. W., and McKenzie, Dan: The Bacteriology of Spreading Osteomyelitis of the Skull , J. Laryng. & Otol. 44:253-254 ( (April) ) 1929. 5. Gaillard, René, and Mounier, P. L.: Ostéomyélite envahissante des os du crâne après les interventions pour antrites frontales suppurées . Lyon chir. 23:334-336 ( (May) -June) 1926. 6. Blair, V. P., and Brown, J. B.: Septic Osteomyelitis of the Bones of the Skull and Face: A Plea for Conservative Treatment , Ann. Surg. 85:1-26 ( (Jan.) ) 1927. 7. Woodward, F. D.: Osteomyelitis of the Skull: Report of Cases Occurring as a Result of Frontal Sinus Infection with Staphylococcus Pyogenes-Aureus , J. A. M. A. 95:927-929 ( (Sept. 27) ) 1930. 8. Furstenberg, A. C.: Osteomyelitis of the Skull: The Osteogenetic Processes in the Repair of Cranial Defects , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 40:996-1012 ( (Dec.) ) 1931. 9. Mosher, H. P., and Judd, D. K.: An Analysis of Seven Cases of Osteomyelitis of the Frontal Bone Complicating Frontal Sinusitis , Laryngoscope 43:153-212 ( (March) ) 1933. 10. Mosher, H. P.: Osteomyelitis of the Frontal Bone: Notes on Three Cases , J. A. M. A. 107:942-946 ( (Sept. 19) ) 1936. 11. Lillie, H. I., and Williams, H. L.: The External Fronto-Ethmo-Sphenoid Operation: A Critical Review of the Literature and Details of the Technic in Use at the Mayo Clinic , Minnesota Med. 18:786-789 ( (Dec.) ) 1935.

O'CONNOR, GERALD BROWN

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010230009

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Atresia or stenosis of the nares is brought about by the lack or loss of the normal mucous membrane lining of the vestibule of the nose. In the majority of these conditions there are sufficient skin coverage and cartilage support for the tip and alae, but the lack of mucosal lining for the nasal vestibule causes complete or partial closure of the nasal apertures. Surgical procedures directed toward the correction of atresia and stenosis of the nares must of necessity supply an epithelial lining that will restore the normal shape and contour of the nostril, nasal tip and alae, and these procedures should be so designed that postoperative collapse, shrinkage and distortion are eliminated if one wishes to restore the nose as a part of the normal respiratory apparatus. The usual causes of atresia or stenosis of the nares, excepting the congenital abnormalities, are infection, trauma and postoperative sequelae. Among

PITMAN, LOUIS K.

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010232010

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract I have found that when light is directed through the speculum now in common use, which is shaped similarly to that shown on the left in figure 1, the illumination on the objective is not uniform, spots of increased intensity of light resulting, probably due to reflection of the light rays back and forth on the curved, conical inner surface of the speculum which causes convergence of the light rays at certain spots. A means is therefore provided to obviate this difficulty and for producing a substantially uniform light on the objective through the speculum. To this end the outer, or tip, end of the speculum is formed with a great many relatively small perforations, these being relatively close together and extending substantially half the distance from one end of the speculum to the other, or forming the entire wall. I have found that with such construction a substantially uniform

Fox, NOAH

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010234011

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract A heating pad tailored to fit the head and adnexa has been developed for persons who find it necessary to apply heat to the head but who have great difficulty in applying the ordinary heating pad to this part. Because of the circular crown, the attached flaps may easily be adjusted to any area about the head, face and neck. The heating element consists of fine asbestos-covered nicochrome wire, mounted on a stout piece of canvas in such a way as to distribute the heat equally over the entire pad, whether it be in the crown or in the flaps. This layer is protected by a fold of heavy flannel over which is a covering of durable woolen material. It is lined with water-proof shantung silk especially prepared to resist heat. The entire fabric is easily cleansed and kept fresh with naphtha or gasoline. There is a double thermostatic control

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010235012

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The fourth International Congress of Otorhinolaryngology will be held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, in 1940. The week from July 29 to August 3 has provisionally been set for the congress. A committee of honor has been composed by the professors of otolaryngology in the Netherlands: C. E. Benjamins, Groningen; H. Burger, Amsterdam; P. H. G. van Gilse, Leyden; P. T. L. Kan, Wassenaar; A. de Kleyn, Amsterdam; F. H. Quix, Utrecht; W. Schutter, Groningen, and H. J. L. Struycken, Breda. The bureau of the congress consists of the following members: Prof. H. Burger, Keizersgracht 317, Amsterdam C., president; Dr. A. A. J. H. Marres, Willemsparkweg 31, Amsterdam Z., honorary secretary; Dr. M. J. ten Cate, Obrechtstraat 55, Amsterdam Z., honorary treasurer.

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010235013

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The following footnote was inadvertently omitted from the article by Dr. R. Wallace Teed entitled "Cholesteatoma Verum Tympani: Its Relationship to the First Epibranchial Placode," which was published in the October 1936 issue of this journal: "Part of the expenses of the present investigation were met by a grant from the Horace H. and Mary A. Rackham Fund of Detroit. Dr. D. M. Lierle, Professor and Head of the Department of Otolaryngology and Oral Surgery of the State University of Iowa, gave permission to photograph the section reproduced in figures 4 and 5. Dr. Stacy C. Howard and Miss Flora Howell, of the Staff of St. Joseph's Mercy Hospital, of Ann Arbor, Mich., gave valuable technical assistance, and Dr. A. H. Stockard, of the Department of Zoology of the University of Michigan, read the proof."

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010236014

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.

CARMODY, THOMAS E.;HAGENS, E. W.

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010244015

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The Early History of Otolaryngology in America With Special Reference to the American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society. Dr. Thomas J. Harris, New York. The American Ophthalmological Society was founded in 1864. At first it was thought that otologic subjects could be considered at the meetings of the society simultaneously with those having to do with ophthalmology, but it was soon found not feasible, and in 1868 the American Otological Society was founded, the first society of its kind in the world. The American Laryngological Association followed it ten years later. The American Otological Society and the American Laryngological Association, since their establishment, have served as forums for the presentation of many important contributions on laryngology and otology. Both societies were established when the number of those devoting themselves to these specialties was small. In one of them the membership was strictly limited by the constitution, and in the other

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010255016

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Sheehan's book on nasal plastic surgery was probably the first of its kind to appear in this country in the postwar period and was received with great interest. Eleven years have elapsed, in which a number of works on the same subject have been published by other authors. The second edition of Sheehan's book finds him still in the van. Some of the older technic has been discarded, and new angles have been introduced as a result of accumulated experience, so that one notes a tendency to conciseness and clarity in the new edition, which makes it more easily followed. As in the first edition, stress is laid on the fundamentals and much of the detail of preoperative and postoperative care is discussed in a practical manner. The chapters on the operation on the septum, transplantation of costal cartilage, the syphilitic nose and skin grafts are particularly well done. In

1937 Archives of Otolaryngology

doi: 10.1001/archotol.1937.00650010256017