1996 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130372001
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.
1996 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130372001
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.
Krueger, Ronald R.;Saedy, Nancy F.;McDonnell, Peter J.
1996 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130373002pmid: 8602772
Abstract Purpose: To examine topographic irregularities known as steep central islands that may occur after excimer laser refractive surgery and affect visual acuity. Methods: We reviewed the computed corneal topographic maps of 35 eyes that had undergone excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy with an excimer laser for compound myopic astigmatism or anisometropic myopia. Steep central islands were defined as areas of steepening of at least 3 diopters and 1.5 mm in diameter. A classification system was developed based on the presence of steep central islands during the postoperative period as follows: class 0, absent; class 1, present at 1 week; class 2, present at 1 month; class 3, present at 3 months. Results: Steep central islands were seen in 25 eyes (71%) at 1 week, 18 eyes (51%) at 1 month, seven eyes (20%) at 3 months, and four eyes (11%) at 6 months. After surgery without nitrogen gas blowing, 16 of 25 patients had class 2 or 3 steep central islands compared with two of 10 eyes when gas blowing was used. Loss of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 2 Snellen lines or more was seen in eight of 18 eyes with class 2 or 3 steep central islands at 1 month and three of 18 eyes at 3 months. A similar loss occurred in one of 17 eyes with class 0 or 1 steep central islands at 1 month and none of 17 eyes at 3 months. In all eyes with only class 2 steep central islands, loss of at least 1 Snellen line of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 1 month was associated with visual restoration at 3 months when the island was no longer present. Conclusion: Loss of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity is associated with steep central island formation, and may prolong visual rehabilitation after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. References 1. Parker PJ, Klyce SD, Ryan BL, et al. Central topographic islands following photorefractive keratectomy . Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci . 1993;34( (suppl) ):803. 2. Lin DTC, Sutton HF, Berman M. Corneal topography following excimer photorefractive keratectomy for myopia . J Cataract Refract Surg . 1993;19( (suppl) ):149-154.Crossref 3. McDonnell PJ, Moreira H, Garbus J, Clapham TN, D'Arcy J. Munnerlyn CR. Photorefractive keratectomy to create toric ablations for correction of astigmatism . Arch Ophthalmol . 1991;109:710-713.Crossref 4. Campos M, Cuevas K, Garbus J, Lee M, McDonnell PJ. Corneal wound healing after excimer laser ablation: effects of nitrogen gas blower . Ophthalmology . 1992;99:893-897.Crossref 5. Piebenga LW, Matta CS, Dietz MR, et al. Excimer photorefractive keratectomy for myopia . Ophthalmology . 1993;100:1335-1345.Crossref 6. Maguen E, Nesburn AB, Papaioannou T, Salz JJ, Macy JI, Warren C. Effect of nitrogen flow on recovery of vision after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy without nitrogen flow . J Refract Corneal Surg . 1994;10:321-326. 7. Lin DTC. Corneal topographic analysis after excimer photorefractive keratectomy . Ophthalmology . 1994;101:1432-1439.Crossref 8. Krueger RR. Krasinski JS, Radzewicz C, Stonecipher KG, Rowsey JJ. Photography of shock waves during excimer laser ablation of the cornea: effect of helium gas on propagation velocity . Cornea . 1993;12:330-334.Crossref 9. Bor Z, Hopp B, Rácz B, et al. Plume emission, shock wave and surface wave formation during excimer laser ablation of the cornea . J Refract Corneal Surg . 1993;9( (suppl) ):111-115. 10. Puliafito CA, Stern D, Krueger RR, Mandel ER. High-speed photography of excimer laser ablation of the cornea . Arch Ophthalmol . 1987;105:1255-1259.Crossref 11. Colin J, Cochener B, Gallinaro C. Central steep slands immediately following excimer photorefractive keratectomy for myopia . J Refract Corneal Surg . 1993;9:395-396. 12. Krueger RR, Campos M, Wang XW, Lee M, McDonnell PJ. Corneal surface morphology following excimer laser ablation with humidified gases . Arch Ophthalmol . 1993;111:1131-1137.Crossref 13. Maguen E, Machat JJ. Complications of photorefractive keratectomy. primarily with the VisX excimer laser . In: Salz JJ, ed. Corneal Laser Surgery . St Louis, Mo: CV Mosby Co; 1995:143-159.
Ninn-Pedersen, Ken;Bauer, Birgitta
1996 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130378003pmid: 8602773
Abstract Objective: To estimate the risk of retinal detachment after cataract surgery. Design: Prospective study from December 17, 1985, through December 31,1992 of all cataract surgeries performed in a single referral region of the Lund (Sweden) Health Care District from December 17, 1985, through December 31, 1990. Setting: The University Hospital of Lund. Patients: Data were collected on 5878 consecutive cataract operations. The study population was complete enough to represent all cataract surgery in the referral region during this period. Results: Two years after cataract surgery, the risk of retinal detachment was 0.18%. The follow-up period after cataract surgery in this study was up to 7 years, with a mean of 50.7 months (>4 years), and the total risk of retinal detachment or detachment-related conditions was 0.71%, all cases included. The relative risk of detachment was 4.9 after YAG laser capsulotomy. It changed by a factor of 1.3 with an increase in the axial length of 1 mm and by 0.94 for each added year of patient age. Conclusion: A young patient with axial myopia operated on because of cataract and postoperatively treated with YAG laser capsulotomy runs an important increased risk of developing retinal detachment. References 1. Smith PW, Stark WJ, Maumenee AE, et al. Retinal detachment after extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens . Ophthalmology . 1987;94:495-504.Crossref 2. Javitt JC, Vitale S, Canner JK, Krakauer H, McBean AM, Sommer A. National outcomes of cataract extraction, I: retinal detachment after inpatient surgery . Ophthalmology . 1991;98:895-902.Crossref 3. Nielsen NE, Naeser K. Epidemiology of retinal detachment following extracapsular cataract extraction: a follow-up study with an analysis of risk factors [see comments] . J Cataract Refract Surg . 1993;19:675-680.Crossref 4. Duke-Elder S, Dobree JH. Diseases of the retina . In: Duke-Elder S, ed. System of Ophthalmology . St Louis, Mo: CV Mosby; 1967;10:795-796. 5. Ninn-Pedersen K, Stenevi U, Ehinger B. Cataract patients in a defined Swedish population 1986-1990. I: resources and epidemiology . Acta Ophthalmol . 1994;72:1-9.Crossref 6. Ninn-Pedersen K, Stenevi U, Ehinger B. Cataract patients in a defined Swedish population 1986-1990, II: preoperative observations . Acta Ophthalmol . 1994;72:10-15.Crossref 7. Laatikainen L, Tarkkanen A. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy after intraocular lens implantation . Acta Ophthalmol . 1985;63:380-382.Crossref 8. Laurell C-G. Retinal detachment after cataract surgery and Nd-YAG-laser capsulotomy. Presented at the XXXI Nordic Congress of Ophthalmology; June 21, 1993; Gothenburg, Sweden. 9. Davison JA. Retinal tears and detachments after extracapsular cataract surgery . J Cataract Refract Surg . 1988;14:624-632.Crossref 10. Dardenne MU, Gerten GJ, Kokkas K, Kermani O. Retrospective study of retinal detachment following neodymium: YAG-laser posterior capsulotomy . J Cataract Refract Surg . 1989;15:676-680.Crossref 11. Hurite FG, Sorr EM, Everett WG. The incidence of retinal detachment following phacoemulsification . Ophthalmology . 1979;86:2004-2006.Crossref 12. Kraff MC, Sanders DR. Incidence of retinal detachment following posterior chamber intraocular lens surgery . J Cataract Refract Surg . 1990;16:477-480.Crossref 13. Hünemohr D, Pham DT, Wollensak J. Retinal detachment with posterior chamber lens . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd . 1992;200:91-94.Crossref
Caronia, Ronald M.;Liebmann, Jeffrey M.;Friedman, Robert;Cohen, Henry;Ritch, Robert
1996 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130383004pmid: 8602774
Abstract Objective: To evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) control and surgical complications following trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or mitomycin at the inferior limbus. Methods: The charts of all patients undergoing trabeculectomy at the inferior limbus from July 1984 to March 1993 were reviewed. Surgical success was defined as IOP greater than 4 mm Hg and less than 22 mm Hg and at least a 20% reduction from preoperative IOP. Patients: All 101 eyes of 101 patients had undergone prior intraocular surgery at the superior limbus. Mean patient age was 57.5±2.0 (±SE) years; mean follow-up was 23.4±2.3 months; mean preoperative IOP was 32.8±0.9 mm Hg; and mean number of preoperative antiglaucoma medications was 2.8±0.1. Results: Ninety-four eyes (93.1%) received postoperative 5-FU (mean total dose, 36.3±1.7 mg) and seven eyes (6.9%) received intraoperative mitomycin (0.5 mg/mL). Cumulative success for all eyes at 2 and 5 years was 56% and 38%, respectively. Intraocular pressure control without medications was achieved in 39% and 15% of eyes at 2 and 5 years, respectively. Complications included 5-FU epitheliopathy (34.0% of eyes receiving 5-FU), early wound leak (26.7%), choroidal effusion (25.7%), late bleb leak (12.9%), and late bleb-related endophthalmitis (11.9%). Conclusion: Although trabeculectomy at the inferior limbus offers the opportunity for surgical success in eyes at high risk of failure, this procedure carries an increased risk for late complications and should be reserved for cases in which the therapeutic options are extremely limited. References 1. Cairns JE. Trabeculectomy: preliminary report of a new method . Am J Ophthalmol . 1968;66:673-679. 2. Shields MB. Trabeculectomy vs full-thickness filtering operation for control of glaucoma . Ophthalmic Surg . 1980;11:498-505. 3. Watson PG. Surgery of the glaucomas . Br J Ophthalmol . 1972;56:299-318.Crossref 4. Lewis RA, Phelps CD. Trabeculectomy vs thermosclerostomy: a five-year followup . Arch Ophthalmol . 1984;102:533-536.Crossref 5. Schwartz AL, Anderson DR. Trabecular surgery . Arch Ophthalmol . 1974;92:134-138.Crossref 6. D'Ermo F, Bonomi L, Doro D. A critical analysis of the long-term results of trabeculectomy . Am J Ophthalmol . 1979;88:829-835. 7. Blondeau P, Phelps CD. Trabeculectomy vs thermosclerostomy: a randomized prospective clinical trial . Arch Ophthalmol . 1981;99:810-816.Crossref 8. Spaeth GL, Joseph NH, Fernandes E. Trabeculectomy: a reevaluation after three years and a comparison with Scheie's procedure . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otol . 1975;79:349-361. 9. Drance SM, Vargas E. Trabeculectomy and thermosclerostomy: a comparison of two procedures . Can J Ophthalmol . 1973;8:413-415. 10. Marion JR, Shields MB. Thermal sclerostomy and posterior lip sclerectomy: a comparative study . Ophthalmic Surg . 1978;9:67-75. 11. Lamping KA, Bellows AR, Hutchinson BT, Afran SI. Long-term evaluation of initial filtration surgery . Ophthalmology . 1986;93:91-101.Crossref 12. Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study Group. Three-year follow-up of the Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study . Am J Ophthalmol . 1993;115:82-92. 13. Liebmann JM, Ritch R, Marmor M, Nunez J, Wolner B. Initial 5-fluorouracil trabeculectomy in uncomplicated glaucoma . Ophthalmology . 1991;98:1036-1041.Crossref 14. Goldenfeld M, Krupin T, Ruderman JM, et al. 5-Fluorouracil in initial trabeculectomy: a prospective, randomized, multicenter study . Ophthalmology . 1994;117:149-154. 15. Chen C-W. Enhanced intraocular pressure controlling effectiveness of trabeculectomy by local application of mitomycin-C . Trans Asia-Pacific Acad Ophthalmol . 1983;9:172-177. 16. Palmer SS. Mitomycin as adjunct chemotherapy with trabeculectomy . Ophthalmology . 1991;98:317-321.Crossref 17. Skuta GL, Beeson CC, Higginbotham EJ. Intraoperative mitomycin vs postoperative 5-fluorouracil in high-risk glaucoma filtering surgery . Ophthalmology . 1992;99:438-444.Crossref 18. Kitazawa Y, Kawase K, Matsushita H, Minobe M. Trabeculectomy with mitomycin: a comparative study with fluorouracil . Arch Ophthalmol . 1991;109:1693-1698.Crossref 19. Vesti E, Raitta C. Trabeculectomy at the inferior limbus . Acta Ophthalmol . 1992;70:220-224.Crossref 20. Wolner B, Liebmann JM, Sassani JW, Ritch R, Speaker M, Marmor M. Late bleb-related endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy with adjunctive 5-fluorouracil . Ophthalmology . 1991;98:1053-1060.Crossref 21. Ridgway AEA. Trabeculectomy: a follow-up study . Br J Ophthalmol . 1974;58:680-686.Crossref 22. Mills K. Trabeculectomy: a retrospective long-term follow-up of 444 cases . Br J Ophthalmol . 1981;65:790-795.Crossref 23. Watson P, Grierson I. The place of trabeculectomy in the treatment of glaucoma . Ophthalmology . 1981;88:175-196.Crossref 24. Cadera W, Pachtman MA, Cantor LB, Ellis FD, Helveston EM. Filtering surgery in childhood glaucoma . Ophthalmic Surg . 1984;15:319-322. 25. Gressel MG, Heuer DK, Parrish RK II. Trabeculectomy in young patients . Ophthalmology . 1984;91:1242-1246.Crossref 26. Allen RC, Bellows AR, Hutchinson BT, Murphy SD. Filtration surgery in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma . Ophthalmology . 1982;89:1181-1187.Crossref 27. Miller RD, Barber JC. Trabeculectomy in black patients . Ophthalmic Surg . 1981;12:46-50. 28. Freedman J, Shen E, Ahrens M. Trabeculectomy in a black American glaucoma population . Br J Ophthalmol . 1976;60:573-574.Crossref 29. Merritt JC. Filtering procedures in American blacks . Ophthalmic Surg . 1980;11:91-94. 30. Heuer DK, Gressel MG, Parrish RK II, Anderson DR, Hodapp E, Palmberg PF. Trabeculectomy in aphakic eyes . Ophthalmology . 1984;91:1045-1051.Crossref 31. Bellows AR, Johnstone MA. Surgical management of chronic glaucoma in aphakia . Ophthalmology . 1983;90:807-813.Crossref 32. Hoskins HD Jr, Hetherington J Jr, Shaffer RN. Surgical management of the inflammatory glaucomas . Perspect Ophthalmol . 1977;1:173-181. 33. Lloyd MA, Sedlak T, Heuer DK, et al. Clinical experience with the single-plate Molteno implant in complicated glaucomas: update of a pilot study . Ophthalmology . 1992;99:679-687.Crossref 34. Freedman J. The use of the single stage Molteno long tube seton in treating resistant cases of glaucoma . Ophthalmic Surg . 1985;16:480-483. 35. Heuer DK, Lloyd MA, Abrams DA, et al. Which is better? One or two? a randomized clinical trial of single-plate vs double-plate Molteno implantation for glaucomas in aphakia and pseudophakia . Ophthalmology . 1992;99:1512-1519.Crossref 36. Freedman J, Rubin B. Molteno implants as a treatment for refractory glaucoma in black patients . Arch Ophthalmol . 1991;109:1417-1420.Crossref 37. Lloyd MAE, Baerveldt G, Heuer DK, Minckler DS, Martone JF. Initial clinical experience with the Baerveldt implant in complicated glaucomas . Ophthalmology . 1994;101:640-650.Crossref 38. Heuer DK, Parrish RK II, Gressel MG, Hodapp E, Palmberg PF, Anderson DR. 5-Fluorouracil and glaucoma filtering surgery, II: a pilot study . Ophthalmology . 1984;91:384-394.Crossref 39. Rockwood EJ, Parrish RK II, Heuer DK, et al. Glaucoma filtration surgery with 5-fluorouracil . Ophthalmology . 1987;94:1071-1078.Crossref 40. Weinreb RN. Adjusting the dose of 5-fluorouracil after filtration surgery to minimize side effects . Ophthalmology . 1987;94:564-570.Crossref 41. Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study Group. Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study one year follow-up . Am J Ophthalmol . 1989;108:625-635. 42. Whiteside-Michel J, Liebmann JM, Ritch R. Initial 5-fluorouracil trabeculectomy in young patients . Ophthalmology . 1992;99:7-13.Crossref 43. Pederson JE, Smith SG. Surgical management of encapsulated filtering blebs . Ophthalmology . 1985;92:955-958.Crossref 44. Hill RA, Nguyen QH, Baerveldt G, et al. Trabeculectomy and Molteno implantation for glaucomas associated with uveitis . Ophthalmology . 1993;100:903-908.Crossref
Singh, Arun D.;Shields, Carol L.;De Potter, Patrick;Shields, Jerry A.;Trock, Bruce;Cater, Jacqueline;Pastore, Domenic
1996 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130388005pmid: 8602775
Abstract Objective: To study the clinical profile and kindreds of patients with familial uveal melanoma (FUM). Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: Medical charts of 4500 patients with uveal melanoma were reviewed for family history of uveal melanoma. The clinical profile of these patients and their kindreds were studied to determine the incidence of FUM and pattern of inheritance. The association of FUM to cutaneous melanoma, familial atypical mole and melanoma syndrome, and other nonmelanocytic cancers was analyzed using statistical methods. Results: Of 4500 patients with uveal melanoma, 56 patients in 27 families (0.6%) had a family history of uveal melanoma. The uveal melanoma in all 56 familial patients was unilateral. In 17 cases (63%), the second affected relative was a first-degree relative. In the remainder, the second affected relative was a second- (22%) and third-degree (15%) relative. In 25 families (93%) only two members were affected, and in two families (7%) three members had uveal melanoma. Patients with FUM were four times as likely to have a second primary malignant neoplasm than were people in the general population. However, no evidence was seen that unaffected kindreds of patients with FUM were at higher risk of having a second primary malignant neoplasm. Conclusions: Familial involvement in uveal melanoma is rare. Familial uveal melanoma most often (63%) affects first-degree relatives, rarely affects more than two persons in a family, and may be associated with a generalized inherited predisposition to cancer. Further genetic studies are necessary to fully characterize FUM syndrome. References 1. Egan KM, Seddon JM, Glynn RJ, Gragoudas ES, Albert DM. Epidemiologic aspects of uveal melanoma . Surv Ophthalmol . 1988;32:239-251.Crossref 2. Shields JA, Shields CL. Intraocular Tumors: A Text and Atlas . Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1992:45-69. 3. Singh AD, Donoso LA. Genetic aspects of uveal melanoma . In: Shields JA, ed. Update on Malignant Ocular Tumors. International Ophthalmology Clinics . Boston, Mass: Little Brown & Co Inc; 1993:47-52. 4. Scotto J, Fraumeni JF, Lee JAH. Melanoma of the eye and other noncutaneous sites: epidemiologic aspects . J Natl Cancer Inst . 1976;56:489-491. 5. Tucker MA, Shields JA, Hartage P, Augsburger JJ, Hoover RN, Fraumeni JF. Sunlight exposure as risk factor for intraocular malignant melanoma . N Engl J Med . 1985;313:789-792.Crossref 6. Gallagher RP, Elwood JM, Rootman J, et al. Risk factors for ocular melanoma: Western Canada melanoma study . J Natl Cancer Inst . 1985;74:775-778. 7. Seddon JM, Gragoudas ES, Glynn RJ, Egan KM, Albert DM, Blitzer PH. Host factors, UV radiation, and risk of uveal melanoma: a case-control study . Arch Ophthalmol . 1990;108:1274-1280.Crossref 8. Gonder JR, Shields JA, Albert DM. Malignant melanoma of the choroid associated with oculodermal melanocytosis . Ophthalmology . 1981;88:372-376.Crossref 9. Specht CS, Smith TW. Uveal malignant melanoma and von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis . Cancer . 1988;62:812-817.Crossref 10. Oosterhius JA, Went LN, Lynch HT. Primary choroidal and cutaneous melanomas, bilateral choroidal melanomas and familial occurrence of melanomas . Br J Ophthalmol . 1982;66:230-233.Crossref 11. NIH Consensus Panel on Early Melanoma . JAMA . 1992;268:1314-1319.Crossref 12. Augsburger JJ, Shields JA, Frank PE, Mastrangelo MJ. Diffuse primary malignant melanoma after prior primary cutaneous melanoma . Arch Ophthalmol . 1980;98:1261-1264.Crossref 13. Bellet RB, Shields JA, Soll D, Bernardino EA. Primary choroidal and cutaneous melanomas occurring in a patient with the BK mole syndrome phenotype . Am J Ophthalmol . 1980;89:567-570. 14. Abramson DH, Rodriguez-Sains RS, Rubman R. B-K mole syndrome: cutaneous and ocular malignant melanoma . Arch Ophthalmol . 1980;98:1397-1399.Crossref 15. Gilbert CM, Baba FE, Schachat AP, Grossniklaus H, Green WR. Nonsimultaneous primary choroidal and cutaneous melanomas: report of a case . Ophthalmology . 1987;94:1169-1172.Crossref 16. Silcock AQ. Hereditary sarcoma of the eyeball . Trans Pathol Soc Lond . 1892;43:140-141. 17. Gutmann G. Casuistischer Beitrag zur Lehre von den Geschwulsten des Augafels . Arch Augenheilkd . 1895;31:158-180. 18. Pfingst AO, Graves S. Melanosarcoma of the choroid occurring in two brothers . Arch Ophthalmol . 1921;50:431-439. 19. Waardenburg PJ. Melanosarcoma van bet vog bij verschillende leden eener zelfde familie . Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd . 1940;84:4718-4719. 20. Paton D, Thomas LB. Simultaneous occurrence of primary malignant melanomas of the eye and skin . Arch Ophthalmol . 1959;62:645-652.Crossref 21. Bowen SF, Brady H, Jones VL. Malignant melanoma of the eye occurring in two successive generations . Arch Ophthalmol . 1964;71:805-806.Crossref 22. Lynch HT, Anderson DE, Krush AJ. Heredity and intraocular melanomas . Cancer . 1968;21:119-125.Crossref 23. Tasman W. Familial intraocular melanoma . Ophthalmology . 1970;74:955-958. 24. Green GJ, Hong WK, Everett JR, Bhutani R, Amick R. Familial intraocular malignant melanoma: a case report . Cancer . 1978;41:2481-2483.Crossref 25. Walker JP, Weiter JJ, Albert DM, Osborn EL, Weichselbaum RR. Uveal malignant melanoma in three generations of the same family . Am J Ophthalmol . 1979;88:723-726. 26. Simons KB, Hale LM, Morrison HM. Choroidal malignant melanoma in siblings . Am J Ophthalmol . 1983;96:675-680. 27. Crawford JB, Char DH. Histopathology of uveal melanomas treated with charged particle radiation . Ophthalmology . 1987;94:639-643.Crossref 28. Canning CR, Hungerford J. Familial uveal melanoma . Br J Ophthalmol . 1988;72:241-243.Crossref 29. Young LHY, Egan KM, Walsh SM, Gragoudas ES. Familial uveal melanoma . Am J Ophthalmol . 1994;117:516-520. 30. Lynch HT, Albano WA, Danes S, et al. Genetic predisposition to breast cancer . Cancer . 1984;53:612-622.Crossref 31. Lynch HT, Kimberling WJ, Biscone KA, et al. Familial heterogeneity of colon cancer risk . Cancer . 1986;57:2089-2096.Crossref 32. Lynch HT, Fusaro RM, Danes S, Kimberling WJ, Lynch JF. A review of hereditary malignant melanoma including biomarkers in familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome . Cancer Genet Cytogenet . 1983;8:325-358.Crossref 33. Li FP, Fraumeni JF. Soft tissue sarcomas, breast cancer and other neoplasms: a familial syndrome? Ann Intern Med . 1969;71:747-752.Crossref 34. Birch JM, Hartley AL, Blair V, et al. Cancer in the families of children with soft tissue sarcoma . Cancer . 1990;66:2239-2248.Crossref 35. Garber JE, Goldstein AM, Kantor AF, Dreyfus MG, Fraumeni JF Jr, Li FP. Follow-up study of twenty-four families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome . Cancer Res . 1991;51:6094-6097. 36. Jay M, McCartney A. Familial malignant melanoma of the uvea and p53: a Victorian detective story . Surv Ophthalmol . 1993;37:457-462.Crossref 37. Rodriguez-Sains RS. Ocular findings in patients with dysplastic nevus syndrome . Ophthalmology . 1986;93:661-665.Crossref 38. Greene MH, Sanders RJ, Chu FC, Clark WH, Elder DE, Cogan DG. The familial occurrence of cutaneous melanoma, intraocular melanoma, and the dysplastic nevus syndrome . Am J Ophthalmol . 1983;96:238-245. 39. Taylor MR, Guerry D, Bondi EE, et al. Lack of association between intraocular melanoma and cutaneous dysplastic nevi . Am J Ophthalmol . 1984;98:478-482.Crossref 40. Feldman AR, Kessler L, Myers MH, Naughton MD. The prevalence of cancer: estimates based on the Connecticut Tumor Registry . N Engl J Med . 1986;315:1394-1397.Crossref 41. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research . Lyons, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1987;2:65-71. 42. Fleiss JL. Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions . New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1981:24-27. 43. Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. Statistical Methods . Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press; 1976:100-105. 44. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research . Lyons, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1980;1:200-205. 45. Parsons JH. Some anomalous sarcomata of the choroid . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK . 1905;25:205-211. 46. Davenport RC. Family history of choroidal sarcoma . Br J Ophthalmol . 1927;11:443-445.Crossref 47. Green WR. The uveal tract . In: Spencer WH, Font RL, Green WR, Howes EL, Jakobiec FA, Zimmerman LE, eds. Ophthalmic Pathology: An Atlas and Textbook . 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1986;3:1522-1542. 48. Prescher G, Bornfeld N, Horsthemke B, Becher R. Chromosomal aberrations defining uveal melanoma of poor prognosis . Lancet . 1992;339:691-692.Crossref 49. Ponder BAJ. Inherited cancer syndromes . In: Carney D, Sikora K, eds. Genes and Cancer . New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1990:99-106. 50. Jensen OA. Malignant melanoma of the uvea in Denmark 1943-1952 . Acta Ophthalmol Suppl . 1963;75:57-220. 51. Hale PN, Allen RA, Straatsma BR. Benign melanoma (nevi) of the choroid and ciliary body . Arch Ophthalmol . 1965;74:532-538.Crossref 52. Yanoff M, Zimmermann LE. Histogenesis of melanoma of uvea, II: relationship of uveal nevi to malignant melanoma . Cancer . 1967;20:493-507.Crossref 53. Turner BJ, Siatkowski RM, Augsburger JJ, Shields JA, Lustbader E, Mastrangelo MJ. Other cancers in uveal melanoma patients and their families . Am J Ophthalmol . 1989;107:601-608. 54. Holly EA, Aston DA, Ahn DK, Kristiansen JJ, Char DH. No excess prior cancer in patients with uveal melanoma . Ophthalmology . 1991;98:608-611.Crossref 55. Lischko AM, Seddon JM, Gragoudas ES, Egan KM, Glynn RJ. Evaluation of prior primary malignancy as a determinant of uveal melanoma: a case-control study . Ophthalmology . 1989;96:1716-1721.Crossref 56. Malkin D, Li FP, Strong LC, et al. Germ line p53 mutations in a familial syndrome of breast cancer, sarcomas, and other neoplasms . Science . 1990;250:1233-1238.Crossref 57. Srivastava S, Zou Z, Pirollo K, Blattner W, Chang EH. Germ-line transmission of a mutated p53 gene in a cancer-prone family with Li-Fraumeni syndrome . Nature . 1990;348:747-749.Crossref 58. Rodriguez-Sains RS. The familial occurrence of cutaneous melanoma, intraocular melanoma, and the dysplastic nevus syndrome . Am J Ophthalmol . 1984;97:114-115. 59. Greene MH, Clark WH, Tucker MA, et al. Acquired precursors of cutaneous malignant melanoma: the familial dysplastic nevus syndrome . N Engl J Med . 1985;312:91-97.Crossref 60. Cannon-Albright LA, Bishop DT, Goldgar C, et al. Genetic predisposition to cancer . In: DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. Important Advances in Oncology . Philadelphia, Pa: JP Lippincott; 1990:39-55. 61. Cannon-Albright LA, Goldgar DE, Meyer LJ, et al. Assignment of locus for famillal melanoma, to chromosome 9p13-p22 . 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1996 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130396006
Abstract Objective: To determine whether the presence of occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV) influenced the anatomic and visual acuity outcomes in a randomized clinical trial of krypton red laser photocoagulation to treat juxtafoveal neovascular lesions in age-related macular degeneration. Design, Setting, and Patients: The fluorescein angiograms obtained at the baseline examination at tertiary retinal referral centers between April 1, 1981, and December 31, 1987, as part of the Macular Photocoagulation Study (MPS) Age-Related Macular Degeneration Study—Krypton Laser were evaluated retrospectively at the MPS Fundus Photograph Reading Center by two senior readers independently (with open adjudication of any differences) from 1992 to 1994. Criteria for classifying classic and occult CNV by the MPS Group were established by 1989, 2 years after the last patient had been assigned randomly to treatment or observation in the krypton laser study. Main Outcome Measures: Treatment coverage of classic and occult CNV, persistent CNV, recurrent CNV, and visual acuity from scheduled follow-up examinations for up to 5 years were analyzed for the absence or presence of occult CNV at baseline. Results: The number of eyes with classic CNV but no occult CNV, classic and occult CNV, and occult CNV but no classic CNV were almost identical for the eyes assigned randomly to treatment or observation. Classic CNV almost always was covered completely with intense laser treatment; nevertheless, recurrent CNV developed in more than half of these eyes within 1 year after initial laser treatment. In contrast, in more than half of the eyes with occult CNV, more than 50% of the occult CNV was not covered with heavy laser treatment. Laser treatment was clearly beneficial for eyes with classic CNV but no occult CNV and almost equivalent to no treatment for eyes with classic and occult CNV. The few eyes with occult CNV but no classic CNV precluded conclusions about the value of treatment in this subgroup. Conclusions: These results strengthen previous reports that laser treatment is beneficial for eyes with juxtafoveal choroidal neovascular lesions when classic CNV is present, even though CNV often recurs. Treatment of classic CNV alone in eyes with classic and occult CNV was not beneficial in this study. Distinguishing classic CNV from occult CNV can aid in the selection of patients who will benefit most from laser treatment. References 1. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Krypton laser photocoagulation for neovascular lesions of age-related macular degeneration: results of a randomized clinical trial . Arch Ophthalmol . 1990;108:816-824.Crossref 2. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Laser photocoagulation for juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization: five-year results from randomized clinical trials . Arch Ophthalmol . 1994;112:500-509.Crossref 3. Chamberlin JA, Bressler NM, Bressler SB, et al. The use of fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms in the identification and treatment of choroidal neovascularization in the Macular Photocoagulation Study . Ophthalmology . 1989;96:1526-1534.Crossref 4. Gass JDM. Serous retinal pigment epithelial detachment with a notch . Retina . 1984;4:205-220.Crossref 5. Bird AC, Marshall J. Retinal pigment epithelial detachments in the elderly . Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K . 1986;105:674-682. 6. Bressler NM, Bressler SB, Gragoudas EG. Clinical characteristics of choroidal neovascular membranes . Arch Ophthalmol . 1987;105:209-213.Crossref 7. Weiter JJ, Jalkh AE, Smets E. Classification of retinal pigment epithelial detachments in age-related macular degeneration . In: Gitter KA, Schatz H, Yannuzzi LA, McDonald HR, eds. Laser Photocoagulation of Retinal Disease . San Francisco, Calif: Pacific Medical Press; 1988:193-200. 8. Bressler NM, Bressler SB, Fine SL. Age-related macular degeneration . Surv Ophthalmol . 1988;32:375-413.Crossref 9. Bressler NM, Frost LA, Bressler SB, Muram RP, Fine SL. Natural course of poorly defined choroidal neovascularization associated with macular degeneration . Arch Ophthalmol . 1988;106:1537-1542.Crossref 10. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Subfoveal neovascular lesions in agerelated macular degeneration: guidelines for evaluation and treatment in the Macular Photocoagulation Study . Arch Ophthalmol . 1991;109:1242-1257.Crossref 11. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. MPS Manual of Procedures . Springfield, Va: National Technical Information Service; January 1991. NTIS accession No. PB91-207903. 12. Bailey IL, Lovie JE. New design principles for visual acuity letter charts . Am J Optom Physiol Opt . 1976;53:740-745.Crossref 13. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Persistent and recurrent neovascularization after krypton laser photocagulation for neovascular lesions of agerelated macular degeneration . Arch Ophthalmol . 1990;108:825-831.Crossref 14. Davies M, Fleiss JL. Measuring agreement for multinomial data . Biometrics . 1982;38:1047-1051.Crossref 15. Armitage P, Berry G. Statistical Methods in Medical Research . 3rd ed. Boston, Mass: Blackwell Scientific Publications Inc; 1994:408-410. 16. Snedecor GW, Cochran WG: Statistical Methods . 7th ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press; 1980:144-145. 17. Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations . J Am Stat Assoc . 1958;53:457-481.Crossref 18. Hillis A, Maguire M, Hawkins BS, Newhouse MM. The Markov process as a general method for nonparametric analysis of right-censored medical data . J Chron Dis . 1986;39:595-604.Crossref 19. Zeger SL, Liang KY. Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes . Biometrics . 1986;42:121-130.Crossref 20. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Laser photocoagulation of subfoveal recurrent neovascular lesions in age-related macular degeneration: results of a randomized clinical trial . Arch Ophthalmol . 1991;109:1232-1241.Crossref 21. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Laser photocoagulation of subfoveal neovascular lesions of age-related macular degeneration: updated findings from two clinical trials . Arch Ophthalmol . 1993;111:1200-1209.Crossref 22. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Persistent and recurrent neovascularization after laser photocoagulation for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization of age-related macular degeneration . Arch Ophthalmol . 1994;112:489-499.Crossref 23. Slakter JS, Yannuzzi LA, Sorrenson JA. et al. A pilot study of indocyanine green video angiography-guided laser photocoagulation of occult choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration . Arch Ophthalmol . 1994;112:465-472.Crossref 24. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Visual outcome after laser photocoagulation for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration: the influence of initial lesion size and initial visual acuity . Arch Ophthalmol . 1994;112:480-488.Crossref 25. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Laser photocoagulation of subfoveal neovascular lesions in age-related macular degeneration: results of a randomized clinical trial . Arch Ophthalmol . 1991;109:1220-1231.Crossref
Reddy, Chittaranjan V.;Folk, James C.;Feist, Richard M.
1996 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130409007pmid: 8602777
Abstract Objective: To describe the clinical syndrome of microholes of the macula. Patients: Fourteen patients with acute symptoms caused by full-thickness microholes of the macula. Results: Patients with macular microholes had the acute onset of a central scotoma with mild to moderate visual acuity loss. Examination revealed a detachment of the vitreous over the fovea, often with an operculum or a total posterior vitreous detachment, and a sharply demarcated, 50- to 133-μm round hole in the center of the macula. On follow-up, all patients had a stable or improved scotoma and visual acuity. Conclusions: Macular microholes appear to be caused by an acute detachment of the vitreous from the fovea and can be distinguished from Gass stage 2 idiopathic macular holes. References 1. Gass JDM. Reappraisal of biomicroscopic classification of stages of development of a macular hole . Am J Ophthalmol . 1995;119:752-759. 2. Kelly NE, Wendel RT. Vitreous surgery for idiopathic macular holes: results of a pilot study . Arch Ophthalmol . 1991;109:654-659.Crossref 3. Glaser BM, Michel RG, Kuppermann BD, Sjaarda RN, Pena R. Transforming growth factor-β2 for the treatment of full-thickness macular holes: a prospective randomized study . Ophthalmology . 1992;99:1162-1173.Crossref 4. Lansing MB, Glaser BM, Liss H, et al. The effect of pars plana vitrectomy and transforming growth factor-beta 2 without epiretinal membrane peeling on fullthickness macular holes . Ophthalmology . 1993;100:868-872.Crossref 5. Cairns JD, McCombe MF. Microholes of the fovea centralis . Aust N Z J Ophthalmol . 1988;16:75-79.Crossref 6. Watzke RC, Allen L. Subjective slitbeam sign for macular disease . Am J Ophthalmol . 1969;68:449-453. 7. Martinez J, Smiddy WE, Kim J, Gass JDM. Differentiating macular holes from macular pseudoholes . Am J Ophthalmol . 1994;117:762-767. 8. Bidwell AE, Jampol LM. Goldberg MF. Macular holes and excellent visual acuity . Arch Ophthalmol . 1988;106:1350-1351.Crossref 9. Gass JDM, Joondeph BC. Observations concerning patients with suspected impending macular holes . Am J Ophthalmol . 1990;109:638-646. 10. Kim JW, Freeman WR, Arevalo JF, et al. Characteristics, natural history and risk factors to progression in eyes with stage 2 macular hole . Ophthalmology . 1994;101( (suppl 9A) ):69. 11. Hikichi T, Yoshida A, Akiba J, Konno S, Trempe CL. Prognosis of stage 2 macular holes . Am J Ophthalmol . 1995;119:571-575.
1996 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130413008pmid: 8602778
Abstract Objective: To evaluate outcome at 5½ years after randomization in eyes that underwent cryotherapy and in control eyes of patients in the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity. Design: During infancy, patients with bilateral threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were assigned to receive cryotherapy for one eye and no cryotherapy for the other eye. Those with threshold ROP in only one eye (asymmetric) were randomly assigned to cryotherapy or no cryotherapy for that eye. Then, 5½ years later, testers who were masked to the treatment status of each eye measured the patients' monocular visual acuity by using the log of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity chart that was used in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study. This was the most refined visual acuity testing yet performed on this cohort. Structural outcome was evaluated by participating ophthalmologists' assessment of ROP residua in the posterior pole of the fundus. Patients: Patients were 291 children who had been preterm infants with birth weights of less than 1251 g in whom threshold ROP had developed. Two hundred forty patients had bilateral threshold ROP, and 51 had threshold ROP in only one eye. Results: For the 234 children examined, both visual acuity and fundus structure showed a reduction in unfavorable outcomes in treated vs control eyes: 47.1% vs 61.7%, respectively (P<.005), for visual acuity and 26.9% vs 45.4%, respectively (P<.001), for fundus status. Detailed analysis of visual acuity outcomes for all eyes revealed that while fewer treated eyes (31.5%) than control eyes (48%) were blind (P<.001), there was a slight trend toward fewer eyes with a visual acuity of 20/40 or better in the treated (13%) vs control (17%) groups (P=.19). Conclusions: The results support the long-term efficacy and safety of cryotherapy in the treatment of severe ROP. However, the data show preliminary evidence of a possible adverse effect of this treatment on visual acuity. References 1. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity: preliminary results . Arch Ophthalmol . 1988;106:471-479.Crossref 2. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity: 3-month outcome . Arch Ophthalmol . 1990;108:195-204.Crossref 3. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity: 1-year outcome—structure and function . Arch Ophthalmol . 1990;108:1408-1416.Crossref 4. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity: 3½-year outcome—structure and function . Arch Ophthalmol . 1993;111:339-344.Crossref 5. Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. The international classification of retinopathy of prematurity . Arch Ophthalmol . 1984;102:1130-1134.Crossref 6. Ferris FL III, Kassoff A, Bresnick GH, Bailey I. New visual acuity charts for clinical research . Am J Ophthalmol . 1982;94:91-96. 7. Dobson V, Quinn GE, Tung B, Palmer EA, Reynolds J. Comparison of recognition and grating acuities in very low birth weight children with and without retinal residua of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1995;36:692-702. 8. Dobson V, Quinn GE, Biglan AW, Tung B, Flynn JT, Palmer EA. Acuity card assessment of visual function in the Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Trial . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1990;31:1702-1708. 9. Trueb L, Evans J, Hammel A, Bartholomew P, Dobson V. Assessing visual acuity of visually impaired children using the Teller Acuity Card procedure . Am Orthoptic J . 1992;42:149-154. 10. Zipf RF. Binocular fixation pattern . Arch Ophthalmol . 1976;94:401-405.Crossref 11. Wright KW, Edelman PM, Walonker F, Yui S. Reliability of fixation preference testing in diagnosing ambylopia . Arch Ophthalmol . 1986;104:549-553.Crossref 12. Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO-ROP) . Manual of Procedures, II: Phase II Follow-up Study . Springfield, Va: National Technical Information Service; 1993. US Dept of Commerce publication PB 93-134427. 13. The International Committee for the Classification of the Late Stages of Retinopathy of Prematurity. An international classification of retinopathy of prematurity, II: the classification of retinal detachment . Arch Ophthalmol . 1987;105:906-912.Crossref 14. Quinn GE. Dobson V, Barr CC, et al. Visual acuity in infants after vitrectomy for severe retinopathy of prematurity . Ophthalmology . 1991;98:5-13.Crossref 15. Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease . J Natl Cancer Inst . 1959;22:719-748. 16. Hardy RJ, Davis BR. The design, analysis, and monitoring of an ophthalmological clinical trial . In: American Statistical Association: 1989 Proceedings of Biopharmaceutical Section . Alexandria, Va: American Statistical Association; 1989:248-253. 17. Hardy RJ, Davis BR, Palmer EA, Tung B. Statistical considerations in terminating randomization in the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity . Control Clin Trials . 1991;12:293-303.Crossref 18. Javitt J, Dei Cas R, Chiang Y. Cost-effectiveness of screening and cryotherapy for threshold retinopathy of prematurity . Pediatrics . 1993;91:859-866. 19. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. The natural ocular outcome of premature birth and retinopathy: status at 1 year . Arch Ophthalmol . 1994;112:903-912.Crossref 20. Dobson V, Quinn GE, Summers CG, et al. Effect of acute-phase retinopathy of prematurity on grating acuity development in the very low birth weight infant . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1994;35:4236-4244.
1996 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130420009
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract In the article titled "Correlation of Visual Field With Scanning Confocal Laser Optic Disc Measurements in Glaucoma, published in the September Archives (1995;113:1191-1194), equation 1 (in the boxed "Patients and Methods" section) was incorrectly composed. The subscript number 1 (next to the first "X" in parentheses) should have been an "i." Also, a bar should have appeared above the second "X" in parentheses.
Quinn, Graham E.;Miller, Dennis L.;Evans, Janice A.;Tasman, William E.;McNamara, J. Arch;Schaffer, David B.
1996 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130421010pmid: 8602779
Abstract Background: Cryotherapy administered to eyes with severe acute-phase (threshold) retinopathy of prematurity benefits retinal structure and visual acuity compared with the natural course of the retinopathy. Objective: To determine the extent of peripheral field abnormalities in eyes with threshold retinopathy of prematurity that had retinal structure preserved by cryotherapy. Methods: Kinetic perimetry was performed with a Goldmann perimeter by masked testers on patients in whom bilateral threshold retinopathy of prematurity developed and who had been randomly assigned to undergo cryotherapy in one eye and no cryotherapy in the fellow eye. With the V-4-e and the II-4-e targets, eight meridians were tested: 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, and 315°. The median value of three presentations in each meridian was accepted as the extent in that meridian. Results: Fourteen eyes (eight treated and six control) of eight patients (mean age, 9.9 years; range, 6 to 11 years) had adequate vision to undergo fields testing. Mean (±SE) extent of visual field for treated vs control eyes was 36°±3° vs 46°±6° for the II-4-e target and 49°±4° vs 59°±6° for the V-4-e target. This difference was consistent across all eight meridians for either target, and repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that cryotherapy was associated with smaller visual field extent for both target sizes (P=.08). Conclusion: The results of this small pilot study suggest that eyes that have retinal structure and acuity preserved by cryotherapy for severe acute-phase retinopathy of prematurity have slightly smaller visual fields than untreated eyes with severe acute-phase retinopathy of prematurity that had vision preserved. References 1. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity: three-month outcome . Arch Ophthalmol . 1990;108:195-204.Crossref 2. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity: one-year outcome—structure and function . Arch Ophthalmol . 1990;108:1408-1416.Crossref 3. Dobson V. Quinn GE, Flynn JT, et al. on behalf of the Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity: 3½-year outcome: structure and function . Arch Ophthalmol . 1993;111:339-344.Crossref 4. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Snellen visual acuity and structural outcome at 5½ years after randomization . Arch Ophthalmol . 1996;114:417-424.Crossref 5. Frank RN. Visual fields and electroretinography following extensive photocoagulation . Arch Ophthalmol . 1975;93:591-598.Crossref 6. Schulenburg WE, Hamilton AM, Blach RK. A comparative study of argon laser and krypton laser in the treatment of diabetic optic disc neovascularization . Br J Ophthalmol . 1979;63:412-417.Crossref 7. Doft BH, Blankenship GW. Single versus multiple treatment sessions of argon laser panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy . Ophthalmology . 1982;89:772-778.Crossref 8. Takayama S, Tachibana H, Yamamoto M. Changes in the visual field after photocoagulation or cryotherapy in children with retinopathy of prematurity . J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 1991;28:96-100. 9. Fetter WPF, van Hof-van Duin J. Baerts W, Heersma DJ. Wildervanck de Blecourt-Devilee M. Visual acuity and visual field development after cryocoagulation in infants with retinopathy of prematurity . Acta Pediatr . 1992;81:25-28.Crossref 10. Quinn GE, Dobson V, Hardy RJ, et al, for the CRYO-ROP Cooperative Group. Visual fields measured with double-arc perimetry in eyes with threshold ROP from CRYO-ROP trial . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1995;36( (4) ):S19. 11. Quinn GE, Fea AM, Minguini N. Visual fields in 4 to 10 year old children using Goldman and double arc perimeters . J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 1991;28:314-319.
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