Archives of Ophthalmology

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010330001

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Johnson, Chris A.;Keltner, John L.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010371002pmid: 6830485

Abstract • Automated visual field screening of 10,000 volunteers (20,000 eyes) showed the incidence of visual field loss was 3.0% to 3.5% for persons aged 16 to 60 years but was approximately 13.0% for those older than 65 years. Approximately half of the persons with abnormal visual fields were previously unaware of any problem with peripheral vision. Follow-up results suggested that the most common causes of visual field loss were glaucoma, retinal disorders, and cataracts. Drivers with binocular visual field loss had accident and conviction rates twice as high as those with normal visual fields. Drivers with monocular visual field loss had accident and conviction rates equivalent to those of a control group. Our results have important implications for mass visual field screening to detect eye diseases and for vision-related factors in traffic safety. References 1. Harrington DO, Flocks M: Visual field examination by a new tachystoscopic multiple pattern method . Am J Ophthalmol 1954;37:719-723. 2. Robertson LT: Use of the Harrington multiple-pattern field screener in industry . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1956;60:806-808. 3. Kuhn HS: Glaucoma detection in industry: Multiple field pattern test . Ind Med Surg 1957; 26:327-330. 4. Roberts W: The multiple-pattern tachystoscopic visual field screener in glaucoma . Arch Ophthalmol 1957;58:244-245.Crossref 5. Hilton GF: The multiple-pattern visual field screener: An evaluation . Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1958;35:314-320.Crossref 6. Harrington DO, Flocks M: The multiple-pattern method of visual field examination: A five-year evaluation of its effectiveness as a visual field screening technique . Arch Ophthalmol 1959;61:755-765.Crossref 7. Cassidy V, Havener WH: Evaluation of a screening procedure in the detection of eye disease . Arch Ophthalmol 1959;61:589-598.Crossref 8. Greve EL, Verduin WM: Mass visual field investigation in 1,834 persons with supposedly normal eyes . Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 1972;183:286-293.Crossref 9. Futenma M: A screening of the visual field on 13,357 school children . Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jpn 1973;77:516-519. 10. Flocks M, Rosenthal AR, Hopkins JL: Mass visual field screening via television . Ophthalmology 1978;85:1141-1149.Crossref 11. Keltner JL, Johnson CA, Balestrery FG: Suprathreshold static perimetry: Initial clinical trials with the Fieldmaster automated perimeter . Arch Ophthalmol 1979;97:260-272.Crossref 12. Johnson CA, Keltner JL: Automated suprathreshold static perimetry . Am J Ophthalmol 1980;89:731-741. 13. Johnson CA, Keltner JL: Comparative evaluation of the Autofield I, CFA-120 and Field master Model 101-PR automated perimeters . Ophthalmology 1980;87:777-784.Crossref 14. Fankhauser F, Spahr J, Bebie H: Three years of experience with the Octopus automatic perimeter . Doc Ophthalmol 1977;14:7-15. 15. Heijl A, Drance SM: A clinical comparison of three computerized automatic perimeters in the detection of glaucoma defects . Doc Ophthalmol 1981;26:43-48. 16. Keltner JL, Johnson CA: Mass visual field screening in a driving population . Ophthalmology 1980;87:785-790.Crossref 17. Bengtsson B, Krakau CET: Automatic perimetry in a population survey . Acta Ophthalmol 1979;57:929-937.Crossref 18. Burg A: The Relationship Between Vision Test Scores and Driving Record: General Findings , report 67-24. Los Angeles, UCLA Department of Engineering, 1967. 19. Burg A: The Relationship Between Vision Test Scores and Driving Record: Additional Findings , report 68-27. Los Angeles, UCLA Department of Engineering, 1968. 20. Burg A: Relationship between vision quality and driving record. Read before the Symposium on Visibility in the Driving Task, College Station, Tex, May 13, 1968. 21. Burg A: An Investigation of Some Relationships Between Dynamic Visual Acuity, Static Visual Acuity and Driving Record , report 64-18. Los Angeles, UCLA Department of Engineering, 1964. 22. Burg A: Lateral visual field as related to age and sex . J Appl Psychol 1968;52:10-15.Crossref 23. Burg A, Hulbert SF: Dynamic visual acuity and other measures of vision . Percept Mot Skills 1959;9:334-337.Crossref 24. Henderson RL, Burg A: Vision and Audition in Driving , US Dept of Transportation report DOT-HS-801-265. Washington, DC, National Highway Administration, 1974. 25. Shinar D, Mayer RM, Treat JR: Reliability and validity assessments of a newly developed battery of driving related vision tests. Read before the 19th annual meeting of the American Association for Automotive Medicine, San Diego, Nov 10, 1975. 26. Council FM, Allen JA: A Study of the Visual Fields of North Carolina Drivers and Their Relationship to Accidents . Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina, Highway Safety Research Center, 1974. 27. Booher H: NHTSA studies new vision tests for state licensing exams . Traffic Safety 1977; 77:26-27. 28. Shinar D: Driving Visual Limitations: Diagnosis and Treatment , US Dept of Transportation report DOT-HS-5-01275. Washington, DC, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1977. 29. Allen MJ: Vision and Highway Safety . Radnor, Pa, Chilton Book Co, 1970. 30. Keeney AH, Garvey J: The dilemma of the monocular driver . Am J Ophthalmol 1981;91:801-803. 31. Fishman GA, Anderson RJ, Stinson L, et al: Driving performance of retinitis pigmentosa patients . Br J Ophthalmol 1981;65:122-126.Crossref 32. Operational Research Report . New York, National Society to Prevent Blindness, Aug 27, 1981.

Fraunfelder, Frederick T.;Kalina, Robert E.;Buist, A. Sonia;Bernstein, Robert S.;Johnson, David S.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010376003pmid: 6830486

Abstract • Three hundred thirty-two ophthalmologists examined 1,523 patients with immediate ocular complaints following the 1980 eruptions of Mount St Helens. Loggers working up to 18 months in environments with high concentrations of volcanic ash were compared with a control group of loggers without volcanic ash contact. Although the ash particles acted as ocular foreign bodies, the small particles were apparently well tolerated for the most part, except for acute irritation. Patients with contact lenses or sicca syndrome had the most frequent ocular complaints. To date, no long-term ocular effects have been noted secondary to volcanic ash exposure. References 1. Leus X, Kintaner C, Bowman W: Asthmatic bronchitis associated with a volcanic eruption in St Vincent, West Indies . Disasters 1981;5:67-69.Crossref 2. The health effects of the August, 1980, eruptions of Mount Usu volcano, Hokkaido, Japan, in Seki K (ed): Usu Eruption and Its Impact on the Environment, cited in Mount St Helens Volcano Health Report 18. Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control, Aug 15, 1980. 3. Mount St Helens Volcano Health Report 18. Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control, Aug 15, 1980. 4. Mount St Helens Volcano Health Report 3. Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control, June 3, 1980. 5. Allison AC: Lysosomes and the toxicity of particulate pollutants . Arch Intern Med 1971;128:131-139.Crossref

Fu, Yao-An

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010379004pmid: 6403003

Abstract • One hundred seventeen patients had polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) poisoning. Thirty-nine patients were male; 78 were female. The primary ocular manifestations were profuse discharge from the eyes (80.5%), swelling and pigmentation of the upper lids (58.9%), abnormal pigmentation of conjunctivae (66.6%), and hypersecretion and swelling of the meibomian glands (70.1%). The severity of these changes were directly related to the PCB concentration in the blood. Particularly, heavy pigmentation of conjunctivae, abnormal cystic formation, and hypersecretion of the meibomian glands occurred in those patients whose blood PCB concentration was greater than 41 parts per billion. Ocular signs not only provide early signs for diagnosis, but also serve to indicate the severity of PCB poisoning. References 1. Ouw KG, Simpson GR, Siyali DS: The use and health effects of Arochor 1242, a polychlorinated biphenyl in an electric industry . Arch Environ Health 1976;31:189-194.Crossref 2. Jensen S, Johnels AG, Olsson M, et al: DDT and PCB in marine animals from Swedish waters . Nature 1969;224:247-250.Crossref 3. Fischbein A, Wolf SM, Lilis R, et al: Clinical findings among PCB exposed capacitor manufacturing workers . Ann NY Acad Sci 1979;320:703-715.Crossref 4. Higuchi K (ed): PCB Poisoning and Pollution . New York, Academic Press Inc, 1976. 5. Kuratsune M, Masuda Y, Nagayama J: Some of the recent findings concerning Yusho , in Proceedings of a National Conference on Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Chicago, 1975 , Publication EPA-560/6-75-004. US Environmental Protection Agency, 1976, pp 14-29. 6. Ikeda Y: Toxicity of PCBs . J Food Hyg Soc Jpn 1972;13:339-267. 7. Nagayama J, Kuratsune M, Masuda Y: Determination of chlorinated dibenzofurnas in Kanechlors and Yusho oil . Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1976;15:9-13.Crossref 8. Kuratsune M: Epidemiologic studies on Yusho , in Higuchi K (ed): PCB Poisoning and Pollution . Tokyo, Kodansha Ltd, 1976, pp 9-23. 9. Ikui H, Sigi K, Uga S: Ocular signs of chronic chlorobiphenyls poisoning . Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 1969;60:432-439. 10. Ohnishi Y, Yoshimura T: Relationship between PCB concentrations or pattern in blood and ocular signs among people examined for Yusho . Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 1977;68:123-127.

Robin, Alan L.;Pollack, Irvin P.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010382005pmid: 6830487

Abstract • A pilot study evaluated both the safety and the effect on intraocular pressure control of argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) in eyes with secondary forms of open-angle glaucoma. All patients included in this study had poor IOP control and were considered surgical candidates. The ALT was considered successful if IOP control was sufficient to avoid conventional filtration surgery. Fifty-five eyes of 46 patients were treated. The mean follow-up was 8 ± 4 months. The mean IOP decrease was 13 ± 9 mm Hg. The ALT caused serious complications in none of the 55 eyes and seemed most effective in treating pigmentary, pseudoexfoliation, and angle-closure glaucoma present after iridotomy. The ALT had minimal therapeutic effect in eyes with uveitic, angle-recession, and congenital glaucoma. References 1. Wise JB, Witter SL: Argon laser therapy for open-angle glaucoma: A pilot study . Arch Ophthalmol 1979;97:319-322.Crossref 2. Wise JB: Long-term control of adult open-angle glaucoma by argon laser treatment . Ophthalmology 1981;88:197-202.Crossref 3. Wickham MG, Worthen DM: Argon laser trabeculectomy: Long-term follow-up . Ophthalmology 1979;86:495-503.Crossref 4. Schwartz AL, Whitten ME, Bleiman B, et al: Argon laser trabecular surgery in uncontrolled phakic open-angle glaucoma . Ophthalmology 1981;88:203-213.Crossref 5. Wilensky JT, Jampol LM: Laser therapy for open-angle glaucoma . Ophthalmology 1981;88:213-217.Crossref 6. Pollack IP, Robin AL: Argon laser trabeculoplasty: Its effect on medical control of open-angle glaucoma . Ophthalmic Surg 1982;13:637-643. 7. Worthen DM, Wickham MG: Argon laser trabeculotomy . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1974;78:371-375. 8. Wise JB: Status of laser treatment of open-angle glaucoma . Ann Ophthalmol 1981;13:149-150. 9. Gross BR, McCole CE: Argon laser trabecular photocoagulation in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma: A preliminary report . Glaucoma 1981;3:283-286.

Soong, H. Kaz;Quigley, Harry A.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010385006pmid: 6830488

Abstract • Dellen may occur in the corneas of eyes with filtering blebs. Nine cases of such dellen were encountered in a series of 97 consecutive trabeculectomies. In two such patients, the dell progressed to a deep corneal ulcer, although in most cases it healed uneventfully with minor changes in therapy. The use of topical prednisolone acetate during the postoperative period may also contribute to dellen formation by inhibiting corneal epithelial wound healing. However, the most important factor predisposing to dellen formation was poor tear-film integrity adjacent to the bleb. The secretion of the aqueous tears seemed to have little or no effect on dellen formation. Almost all dellen occurred in eyes with large filtering blebs. References 1. Baum JL, Mishima S, Boruchoff SA: On the nature of dellen . Arch Ophthalmol 1968;79:657-662.Crossref 2. Nauheim JS: Dellen , in Fraunfelder FT, Roy FH (eds): Current Ocular Therapy . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1980, p 358. 3. Barraquer JI: La discontinuité localisée du film lacrymal précornéen; cause des excavations marginales de la cornée Fuchs, de la progression du ptérygion et de certaines necroses de la cornée au voisinage des kératoprosthèses et kératoplasties . Ophthalmologica 1965;150:111-122.Crossref 4. Nauheim JS: Marginal keratitis and corneal ulceration after surgery on the extraocular muscles . Arch Ophthalmol 1962;67:708-711.Crossref 5. Lemp MA, Hamill JR Jr: Factors affecting tear film breakup in normal eyes . Arch Ophthalmol 1973;89:103-105.Crossref 6. Brown SI, Mishima S: The effect of intralamellar water-impermeable membranes on corneal hydration . Arch Ophthalmol 1966;76:702-708.Crossref 7. McDonald TO, Borgmann AR, Roberts MD, et al: Corneal wound healing: Inhibition of stromal healing by three dexamethasone derivatives . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1970;9:703-709.

Brownstein, Seymour;Nicolle, David A.;Codère, François

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010388007pmid: 6830489

Abstract • A 73-year-old woman received systemic corticosteroids for suspected temporal arteritis after blindness developed in the right eye during the previous day. Because a right temporal artery biopsy specimen was reported as normal, a diagnosis of arteriosclerotic ischemic optic neuropathy was made and the corticosteroid therapy was discontinued. Two weeks later the patient rapidly lost vision in her left eye. A left temporal artery biopsy specimen showed granulomatous arteritis adjacent to normal artery (skip area). Deeper sections of the original right temporal artery biopsy specimen also demonstrated a small focus of granulomatous arteritis adjacent to normal artery. In patients with suspected temporal arteritis, numerous step sections of a long segment of temporal artery should be examined; if the results are normal, the contralateral temporal artery should be studied. A nonspecific inflammatory reaction within or adjacent to the artery should alert the pathologist to the possible presence of a nearby focus of granulomatous arteritis. References 1. Whitfield AGW, Bateman M, Trevor Cooke W: Temporal arteritis . Br J Ophthalmol 1963;47:555-556.Crossref 2. Goodman BW: Temporal arteritis . Am J Med 1979;67:839-852.Crossref 3. Birkhead NC, Wagener HP, Shick RM: Treatment of temporal arteritis with adrenal corticosteroids . JAMA 1957;163:821-827.Crossref 4. Cohen DN: Temporal arteritis: improvement in visual prognosis and management with repeat biopsies . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1973;77:74-85. 5. Model DG: Reversal of blindness in temporal arteritis with methylprednisolone . Lancet 1978;1:340.Crossref 6. Brownstein S, Vine AK: Complications of corticosteroid therapy in presumptive temporal arteritis . Can J Ophthalmol 1976;11:115-121. 7. Senelick RC, van Dyk HJL: Chromophobe adenoma masquerading as corticosteroid-responsive optic neuritis . Am J Ophthalmol 1974;78:485-488. 8. Wang FM, Henkind P: Visual system involvement in giant cell (temporal) arteritis . Surv Ophthalmol 1979;23:264-271.Crossref 9. Gillanders LA: Temporal arteriography . Clin Radiol 1969;20:149-156.Crossref 10. Cohen DN, Smith TR: Skip areas in temporal arteritis: Myth versus fact . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1974;78:772-783. 11. Albert DM, Ruchman MC, Keltner JL: Skip areas in temporal arteritis . Arch Ophthalmol 1976;94:2072-2077.Crossref 12. Klein RG, Campbell RJ, Hunder GG, et al: Skip lesions in temporal arteritis . Mayo Clin Proc 1976;51:504-510. 13. Kulvin SM: Erythrocyte sedimentation rates in the elderly . Arch Ophthalmol 1972;88:617-618.Crossref 14. Hayes GS, Stinson IN: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and age . Arch Ophthalmol 1976;94:939-940.Crossref 15. Kansu T, Corbett JJ, Savino P, et al: Giant cell arteritis with normal sedimentation rate . Arch Neurol 1977;34:624-625.Crossref 16. Wadman B, Werner I: Thromboembolic complications during corticosteroid treatment of temporal arteritis . Lancet 1972;1:907.Crossref 17. Uriu SA, Reinecke RD: Temporal arteritis, steroid therapy, and pulmonary emboli . Arch Ophthalmol 1973;90:355-357.Crossref

Buxton, Jorge N.;Fox, Martin L.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010392008pmid: 6600925

Abstract • Thirteen eyes with symptomatic basement membrane dystrophy were treated with total superficial keratectomy and soft bandage lenses. During a follow-up of six weeks to 48 months, 84.7% (11/13) were relieved of symptoms. A low incidence of recurrent basement membrane abnormalities was observed. References 1. Waring GO, Rodrigues MM, Laibson PR: Corneal dystrophies: I. Dystrophies of the epithelium, Bowman's layer and stroma . Surv Ophthalmol 1978;23:74-82. 2. Cogan D, Donaldson D, Kuwabara T, et al: Microcystic dystrophy of the corneal epithelium . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1964;62:213-225. 3. Tripathi R, Bron A: Cystic disorders of the corneal epithelium: I . Br J Ophthalmol 1973; 57:376-390.Crossref 4. Laibson P, Waring G; corneal dystrophies , in Symposium on Medical and Surgical Diseases of the Cornea: Transactions of the New Orleans Academy of Ophthalmol . St Louis, CV Mosby Co. 1980; Chap 24. 5. Laibson PR: Microcystic corneal dystrophy . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1976;74:488-531. 6. Rodrigues MM, Fine B, Laibson P, et al: Disorders of the corneal epithelium . Arch Ophthalmol 1974;92:475-482.Crossref 7. Brodrick J, Dark A, Peace G: Fingerprint dystrophy of the cornea: A histological study . Arch Ophthalmol 1974;92:483-489.Crossref 8. Dark A: Bleb dystrophy of the cornea: Histochemistry and ultrastructure . Br J Ophthalmol 1977;61:65-69.Crossref 9. Guerry D: Observations in Cogan's microcystic dystrophy of the corneal epithelium . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1965;63:320-332. 10. Cogan D, Kuwabara T, Donaldson D, et al: Microcystic dystrophy of the cornea . Arch Ophthalmol 1974;92:470-474.Crossref 11. Wolter JR, Frahick FB: Microcystic dystrophy of corneal epithelium . Arch Ophthalmol 1966; 75:380-383.Crossref

Newman, Nancy M.;Mandel, Mark R.;Gullett, John;Fujikawa, Leslie

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010396009pmid: 6299255

Abstract • White retinal opacities and ocular inflammation may be two of the early signs of a new syndrome of acquired immunodeficiency. This syndrome primarily affects young homosexual men and is characterized by acquired cellular immunodeficiency in infections with multiple opportunistic microorganisms in addition to Kaposi's sarcoma. The apparently innocent ocular findings may be the first harbingers of this devastating syndrome. References 1. Friedman-Kien A, Laubenstein L, Marmor M, et al: Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men—New York City and California . MMWR 1981;30:305-307. 2. Hymes KB, Greene JB, Marcus A, et al: Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men: Report of eight cases . Lancet 1981;2:598-600.Crossref 3. Gottlieb MS, Schroff R, Schanker HM, et al: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men . N Engl J Med 1981;305:1425-1430.Crossref 4. Masur H, Michelis MA, Greene JB, et al: An outbreak of community-acquired Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: Initial manifestation of cellular immune dysfunction . N Engl J Med 1981; 305:1431-1438.Crossref 5. Siegal FP, Lopez C, Hammer GS, et al: Severe acquired immunodeficiency in male homosexuals, manifested by chronic perianal ulcerative herpes simplex lesions . N Engl J Med 1981;305:1439-1444.Crossref 6. Follansbee SE, Bush DF, Gullett J: An outbreak of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men . Ann Intern Med 1982;96:705-713.Crossref 7. Egbert PR, Pollard RB, Gallagher JG, et al: Cytomegalovirus retinitis in immunosuppressed hosts: II. Ocular manifestations . Ann Intern Med 1980:93:664-670.Crossref 8. De Venecia G, Zu Rhein GM, Pratt MV, et al: Cytomegalic inclusion retinitis: A clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural study . Arch Ophthalmol 1971;86:44-57.Crossref 9. Schwartz JN, Daniels CA, Shivers JC, et al: Experimental cytomegalovirus infection . Am J Pathol 1974;77:477-492. 10. Durack DT: Opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men . N Engl J Med 1981;305:1465-1467.Crossref 11. Safai B, Good RA: Kaposi's sarcoma: A review and recent developments . CA 1981;31:2-12. 12. Sacks J: Kaposi's disease manifesting in the eye . Br J Ophthalmol 1956;40:574.Crossref 13. Mortada A: Conjunctival regressing Kaposi's sarcoma . Br J Ophthalmol 1967;51:275-280.Crossref 14. Leiberman PH, Llovera IN: Kaposi's sarcoma of the bulbar conjunctiva . Arch Ophthalmol 1972;88:44-45.Crossref 15. Howard GM, Jakobiec FA, DeVoe AG: Kaposi's sarcoma of the conjunctiva . Am J Ophthalmol 1975;79:420-423. 16. Nicholson DH, Lane L: Epibulbar Kaposi's sarcoma . Arch Ophthalmol 1978;96:95-96.Crossref 17. Weiter JJ, Jakobiec FA, Iwamoto T: The clinical and morphologic characteristics of Kaposi's sarcoma of the conjunctiva . Am J Ophthalmol 1980;89:546-552. 18. Bedrick JJ, Savino PJ, Schatz NJ: Conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with myasthenia gravis . Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:1604-1609.Crossref 19. Oettle AG: Geographical and racial differences in the frequency of Kaposi's sarcoma as evidence of environmental or genetic causes . Acta Unio Int Contra Cancer 1962;18:330-363. 20. Rothman S: Remarks on sex, age, and racial distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma and on possible pathogenetic factors . Acta Unio Int Cancer 1962;18:326-329. 21. Dutz W, Stout AP: Kaposi's sarcoma in infants and children . Cancer 1960;13:684-694.Crossref 22. Slavin G, Cameron HM, Forbes C, et al: Kaposi's sarcoma in East African children: A report of 51 cases . J Pathol 1970;100:187-199.Crossref 23. Editorial . Lancet 1981;2:1325-1326. 24. Harwood AR, Osoba D, Hofstader SL, et al: Kaposi's sarcoma in recipients of renal transplants . Am J Med 1979;67:759-765.Crossref 25. Myers BD, Kessler E, Levi J, et al: Kaposi's sarcoma in renal transplant recipients . Arch Intern Med 1974;133:307-311.Crossref 26. Drew WL, Mintz L, Miner RC, et al: Prevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in homosexual men . J Infect Dis 1981;143:188-192.Crossref 27. Hamilton JR, Overall JC Jr, Glasgow LA: Synergistic effect on mortality in mice with murine cytomegalovirus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, or Candida albicans infections . Infect Immun 1976;14:982-989. 28. Carney WP, Rubin RH, Hoffman RA, et al: Analysis of T lymphocyte subsets in cytomegalovirus mononucleosis . J Immunol 1981;126:2114-2116. 29. Rubin RH, Cosimi AB, Tokoff-Rubin NE, et al: Infectious disease syndromes attributable to cytomegalovirus and their significance among renal transplant recipients . Transplantation 1977;24:458-464.Crossref 30. Goode E, Troiden RR: Amyl nitrite use among homosexual men . Am J Psychiatry 1979;136:1067-1069. 31. McDonough RJ, Madden JJ, Falek A, et al: Alteration of T and null lymphocyte frequencies in the peripheral blood of human opiate addicts: In vivo evidence for opiate receptor sites on T lymphocytes . J Immunol 1980;125:2539-2543. 32. Brown SM, Simmel B, Taub RN, et al: Immunological dysfunction in heroin addicts . Arch Intern Med 1974;134:1001-1006.Crossref 33. Sugar HS, Mandell GH, Shalev JS: Metastatic endophthalmitis associated with injection of addictive drugs . Am J Ophthalmol 1971;71:1055-1058. 34. Getnick RA, Rodrigues MM: Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis in a drug addict . Am J Ophthalmol 1974;77:680-683. 35. Vastine DW, Horsley W, Guth SB, et al: Endogenous Candida endophthalmitis associated with heroin use . Arch Ophthalmol 1976;94:1805.Crossref 36. Elliott JH, O'Day DM, Gutow GS, et al: Mycotic endophthalmitis in drug abusers . Am J Ophthalmol 1979;88:66-72. 37. Okun E, Butle WT: Ophthalmologic complications of cryptococcal meningitis . Arch Ophthalmol 1964;71:86-91.Crossref 38. Kupfer C, McCrane E: A possible cause of decreased vision in cryptococcal meningitis . Invest Ophthalmol 1974;13:801-804. 39. Murrey HW, Knox DL, Green WL, et al: Cytomegalovirus retinitis in adults: A manifestation of disseminated viral infection . Am J Med 1977;63:574-584.Crossref 40. Emmons CW, Binford CH, Utz JP, et al, (eds): Medical Mycology , ed 3. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1977. 41. Meredith TA, Aaberg TM, Reeser FH: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicating cytomegalovirus retinitis . Am J Ophthalmol 1979;87:793-796.

Stenson, Susan

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010402010pmid: 6830490

Abstract • Four cosmetic soft contact lens wearers experienced lens intolerance and mild irritative symptoms. All four displayed changes suggestive of those seen in superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis with papillary hypertrophy and inflammation of the upper tarsus, superior tarsal and bulbar conjunctival fluorescein staining, superior limbal hypertrophy, and upper corneal punctate staining. Three of the four conditions resolved with discontinuance of lens wear alone; the fourth improved, but there was persistence of mild upper bulbar conjunctival and corneal staining for two years. No common causative contact lens-related factors were obvious in the four. Three of the patients were subsequently able to resume lens wear on a modified basis. References 1. Brown SI, Bloomfield S, Pearce DB, et al: Infections with the therapeutic soft lens . Arch Ophthalmol 1974;91:275-277.Crossref 2. Berger RO, Streeten BW: Fungal growth in aphakic soft contact lenses . Am J Ophthalmol 1981;91:630-633. 3. Dohlman CH, Boruchoff SA, Mobilia EF: Complications in use of soft contact lenses in corneal diseases . Arch Ophthalmol 1973;90:367-371.Crossref 4. Mandelbaum J: Corneal vascularization in aphakic eyes following the use of contact lenses . Arch Ophthalmol 1964;71:633-635.Crossref 5. Dixon JM, Lawaczick E: Corneal vascularization due to contact lenses . Arch Ophthalmol 1963;69:72-75.Crossref 6. Weinberg RJ: Deep corneal vascularization caused by aphakic soft contact lens wear . Am J Ophthalmol 1977;82:121-122. 7. Binder PS, Rasmussen DM, Gordon M: Keratoconjunctivitis and soft contact lens solutions . Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:87-90.Crossref 8. Mondino BJ, Groden LR: Conjunctival hyperemia and corneal infiltrates with chemically disinfected soft contact lenses . Arch Ophthalmol 1980;98:1767-1770.Crossref 9. Spring TF: Reaction to hydrophilic lenses . Med J Aust 1974;1:499-503. 10. Allansmith MR, Korb DR, Greiner JV et al: Giant papillary conjunctivitis in contact lens wearers . Am J Ophthalmol 1977;83:697-708. 11. Meisler DM, Zaret CR, Stock EL: Trantas dots and limbal inflammation associated with soft contact lens wear . Am J Ophthalmol 1980; 89:66-69. 12. Theodore FH: Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis . Ear Nose Throat J 1963;42:25-28. 13. Theodore FH: Further observations on superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1967;71:341-350. 14. Tenzel RR: Resistant superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis . Arch Ophthalmol 1973;89:439. 15. Donshik PC, Collin HB, Foster CS, et al: Conjunctival resection treatment and ultrastructural histopathology of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis . Am J Ophthalmol 1978;85:101-110. 16. Cher I: Clinical features of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis in Australia . Arch Ophthalmol 1969;82:580-586. 17. Wright P: Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1972;92:555-558. 18. Theodore FH: Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis: Further studies , in XXI Concilium Ophthalmologicum Acta, Mexico DF, March 8-4, 1970 . Amsterdam, Excerpta Medica, 1971, p 666.

Sperduto, Robert D.;Seigel, Daniel;Roberts, Jean;Rowland, Michael

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010405011pmid: 6830491

Abstract • Data from the 1971 to 1972 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to estimate myopia prevalence rates for persons in the United States between the ages of 12 and 54 years. When persons were classified by the refractive status of their right eye, 25% were myopic. Significantly lower prevalence rates were found for male subjects than for female subjects and for blacks than for whites. Myopia prevalence rose with family income and educational level. The importance of income and educational level may result from their association with near work, a factor that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of myopia. References 1. Plan and operation of the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 1971-1973 . Vital Health Stat 1 , No. (10a) , February 1973, pp 1-46. 2. HANES Examination Staff Procedures Manual for the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-1973 . US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1972, pt 15a. 3. Sloan LL: Measurement of visual acuity . Arch Ophthalmol 1951;45:704-725.Crossref 4. Sorsby A, Sheridan M, Leary GA: Vision, visual acuity, and ocular refraction of young men . Br Med J 1960;1:1394-1398.Crossref 5. Goldschmidt E: On the etiology of myopia: An epidemiologic study . Acta Ophthalmol 1968; 98( (suppl) ):1-172. 6. Hyams SW, Pakotilo E, Shkurko G: Prevalence of refractive errors in adults over 40: A survey of 8,102 eyes . Br J Ophthalmol 1977; 61:428-432.Crossref 7. Leibowitz HM, Krueger DE, Maunder LR, et al: The Framingham Eye Study Monograph . Surv Ophthalmol 1980;24( (suppl) ):472-479.Crossref 8. Roberts J, Rowland M: Refractive status and motility defects of persons 4-74 Years, United States, 1971-1972 , Vital Health Stat 11 , No. (206) , August 1978, pp 105-107. 9. Slataper FJ: Age norms of refraction and vision . Arch Ophthalmol 1950;43:466-481.Crossref 10. Richler A, Bear JC: Refraction, near-work and education . Acta Ophthalmol 1980;58:468-478.Crossref 11. Duke-Elder S (ed): System of Ophthalmology. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1970, vol 5: Duke-Elder S, Abrams D: Ophthalmic Optics and Refraction . 12. Angle J, Wissmann DA: The epidemiology of myopia . Am J Epidemiol 1980;111:220-228. 13. Peckham CS, Gardiner PA, Goldstein H: Acquired myopia in 11-year-old children . Br Med J 1977;1:542-545.Crossref

Diddie, Kenneth R.;Schanzlin, David J.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010408012pmid: 6830492

Abstract • A prospective study of endothelial cell loss following pars plana vitrectomy and pars plana vitrectomy with lensectomy was performed in 21 eyes. Fifteen diabetic patients had either vitrectomy alone or vitrectomy with lensectomy. Six nondiabetic eyes were also included in this study. The average cell loss was between 2.3% and 3.9% in all cases. This difference was not statistically significant from the preoperative measurements of endothelial cell counts. These data suggest that pars plana vitrectomy does not result in significant endothelial cell loss, especially when eyes remain phakic or when the anterior capsule is maintained until the end of the case. References 1. Bourne WM, Kaufman HE: Endothelial damage associated with intraocular lens . Am J Ophthalmol 1976;81:482-485. 2. Sugar J, Mitchelson J, Kraff M: Endothelial trauma and endothelial cell loss from intraocular lens insertion . Arch Ophthalmol 1978;96:446-448.Crossref 3. Irvine AR: Endothelial damage with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation . Arch Ophthalmol 1978;96:1023-1026.Crossref 4. Hirst LW, Snip RC, Stark WJ, et al: Quantitative corneal endothelial evaluation in intraocular lens implantation and cataract surgery . Am J Ophthalmol 1977;84:775-780. 5. Buettner H, Bourne WM: Effect of trans pars plana surgery on the corneal endothelium . Dev Ophthalmol 1981;2:28-34. 6. Foulks GN, Thoft RA, Perry HD, et al: Factors related to corneal epithelial complications after closed vitrectomy in diabetics . Arch Ophthalmol 1979;97:1076-1078.Crossref 7. Perry HD, Foulks GN, Thoft RA, et al: Corneal complications after closed vitrectomy through the pars plana . Arch Ophthalmol 1978;96:1401-1403.Crossref 8. Waltman SR, Carroll D, Schimmelpferring W, et al: Intraocular irrigating solution for clinical vitrectomy . Ophthalmic Surg 1975;6:90-94.

Davidorf, Frederick H.;Letson, Alan D.;Weiss, Esther T.;Levine, Elliot

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010410013pmid: 6830493

Abstract • The eye pathology files at Ohio State University, Columbus, were examined for a 50-year period to determine the percentage of misdiagnosis of uveal melanomas in three separate time periods (1931 through 1959, 1960 through 1969, and 1970 through 1981) and the percentage of unsuspected melanomas during these same periods. Of 395 eyes enucleated for choroidal melanoma, 369 had clear media. Histologic examination of these eyes showed that 13 (3.5%) did not contain a melanoma. The incidence of misdiagnosis decreased from 10.9% in 1931 through 1959 to 1.7% in 1960 through 1981. Of 411 choroidal melanomas present on histologic examination, 37 (9%) were unsuspected. All had opaque media. This percentage, when categorized by the aforementioned periods, decreased from 19.6% to 13.3% to 2.4%, respectively. These results confirm the reliability of indirect ophthalmoscopy, widely used since the 1960s, in the diagnosis of melanoma in the presence of clear media and the reliability of ultrasonography, used since 1970, in the diagnosis of melanoma in eyes with opaque media. References 1. Ferry AP: Lesions mistaken for malignant melanoma of the posterior uvea . Arch Ophthalmol 1964;72:463-469.Crossref 2. Shields JA, Zimmerman LE: Lesions simulating malignant melanoma of the posterior uvea . Arch Ophthalmol 1973;89:466-471.Crossref 3. Blodi FC, Roy PE: The misdiagnosed choroidal melanoma . Can J Ophthalmol 1967;2:209-211. 4. Badtke VG, Tost M, Lohse K: Zur Differentialdiagnose intraokularer Tumoren , in Krebsprobleme in der Augenheilkunde . Stuttgart, West Germany, F Enke, 1965, pp 179-207. 5. Howard GM: Erroneous clinical diagnosis of retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1969;73:199-203. 6. Shields JA, McDonald PR: Improvements in the diagnosis of posterior uveal melanomas . Arch Ophthalmol 1974;91:259-264.Crossref 7. Robertson DM, Campbell RJ: Errors in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the choroid . Am J Ophthalmol 1979;87:269-275. 8. Charlin C: Erreurs de diagnostic clinique dans certaines tumeurs endoculaires malignes . Arch Ophthalmol 1973;33:103-108. 9. Addison DJ, Wakelin DL: Errors in the diagnosis of choroidal malignant melanoma . Can J Ophthalmol 1975;10:205-206. 10. Harry J: Symposium on management of melanoma of the uveal tract . Trans Ophthal Soc UK 1973;93:93-102. 11. Volcker HE, Naumann GOH: Klinisch unerwartete maligne melanome der hinteren uvea . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1976;168:311-317.

Spitznas, Manfred;Gerke, Edmund;Bateman, J. Bronwyn

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010413014pmid: 6830494

Abstract • Five patients had a bilateral hereditary ocular syndrome composed of posterior microphthalmos with a papillomacular fold and high hyperopia. Anterior segment dimensions were near normal; the vitreous compartment was markedly foreshortened. A papillomacular retinal fold extending from the center of the fovea toward the optic nerve head was present. Visual acuity ranged from 0.05 (20/400) to 0.6 (20/33); refractive errors ranged from +11.25 to +17.50 diopters. An autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance is postulated. References 1. Duke-Elder S (ed): System of Ophthalmology. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1963, vol 3, pt 2: Normal and Abnormal Development: Congenital Deformities , pp 488-495. 2. Sommers IG: Histology and Histopathology of the Eye . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1949, p 626-627. 3. François J, Goes F: Ultrasonographic study of 100 emmetropic eyes . Ophthalmologica 1977; 175:321-327.Crossref 4. Weekers R, Grieten J, LaVergne G: Etude des dimensions de la chambre antérieure de l'oeil humain . Ophthalmologica 1961;142:650-662.Crossref 5. Sorsby A: Epidemiology of refraction , in Safir A (ed): Refraction: International Ophthalmology Clinics . Boston, Little Brown & Co, 1971, vol 11, pp 1-18. 6. Hogan MJ, Alvarado JA, Weddell JE: Histology of the Human Eye: An Atlas and Textbook. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1971, p 257. 7. Warburg M: The heterogeneity of microphthalmia in the mentally retarded . Birth Defects 1971;7:136-154. 8. Pagon RA: Ocular coloboma . Surv Ophthalmol 1981;25:223-236.Crossref 9. Hess C: Zur Pathogenese des Mikrophthalmus . Albrecht von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 1888;34:147-194.Crossref 10. Dalen A: Zwei Fälle von sogenanntem reinen Mikrophthalmus mit Glaukom . Mut Augenklin Carol Inst Stockholm 1904;5:53-67. 11. Friede R: Zur Klinik der Mikrokornea und ihrer Uebergangsformen . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1922;69:561-582. 12. Steatfield JF: Coloboma irides: Hereditary and rare cases . Roy Lond Ophthalmic Hosp Rep 1859;1:153-155. 13. DeBeck D: Rare family history of coloboma of the iris . Arch Ophthalmol 1894;23:264-269. 14. Leydhecker FK: Eine Familie mit Mikrophthalmia congenita . Albrecht von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 1938;139:790-792.Crossref 15. Collins ET: Congenital abnormalities: Microphthalmos . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1893; 13:114-128. 16. Wolff E: A microphthalmic family . Proc Roy Soc Med 1930;23:623-626. 17. Manning EL: Severe hyperopia associated with corneal vascularization and scarring . Am J Ophthalmol 1953;36:983. 18. Hatcher WF: Extreme axial hyperopia . Arch Ophthalmol 1952;48:161-162.Crossref 19. Usher CH: A pedigree of microphthalmia with myopia and corectopia . Br J Ophthalmol 1921;5:289-299.Crossref 20. Hermann P: Le syndrome microphthalmie-rétinite pigmentaire-glaucome . Arch Ophtalmol 1958;18:17-24. 21. Batra DV, Paul SD: Unilateral microcornea and enophthalmos with bilateral anterior and posterior anomalies . Br J Ophthalmol 1967;51:627-629.Crossref 22. Hittner HM, Hirsch NJ, Kreh GM, et al: Colobomatous microphthalmia, heart disease, hearing loss, and mental retardation—a syndrome . J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1979; 16:122-128. 23. Boynton JR, Purnell EW: Bilateral microphthalmos without microcornea associated with unusual papillomacular retinal folds and high hyperopia . Am J Ophthalmol 1975;79:820-826. 24. Brockhurst RJ: Nanophthalmos with uveal effusion: A new clinical entity . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1974;72:371-403. 25. Calhoun FP Jr: The management of glaucoma in nanophthalmos . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1975;73:97-122. 26. Cross HE, Yoder F: Familial nanophthalmos . Am J Ophthalmol 1976:31:300-306. 27. Duke-Elder S, Abrams D: Ophthalmic Optics and Refraction , in Duke-Elder S (ed): System of Ophthalmology . London, Henry Kimptom, 1970, vol 5, p 298. 28. Reber M: Microphtalmie compliquée d'hypermétropie excessive et d'anomalies de la macula, observée chez trois soeurs . Ann Oculist 1898; 119:445-446. 29. Mohamed MA: Tapeto-retinal degenerations: Report of a new syndrome . Bull Ophthalmol Soc Egypt 1970;63:223-227. 30. Franceschetti A, Gernet H: Diagnostic ultrasonique d'une microphtalmie sans microcornée, avec macrophakie, haute hypermétropie associée à une dégénérescence tapéto-rétinienne, une disposition glaucomateuse et des anomalies dentaires (Nouveau syndrome familial) . Arch Ophtalmol 1965;25:105-116. 31. Zuccoli A: Neuer Beitrag zum Bild der Makrozysten bei der hohen Hypermetropie . Ophthalmologica 1963;145:419-424.Crossref 32. Malbran E, Priani P, Lombardi A: Macroquistes de retina, retinosquisis e hipermetropia elevada . Arch Oftalmol Buenos Aires 1970;45:180-190. 33. Amalric P: Un nouveau type de plis rétiniens congénitaux . Arch Ophtalmol 1968;28:507-512. 34. Amalric P: Etude angiographique des plis choroidiens et rétiniens . Inst Barraquer 1969; 9:217-226. 35. Theodore FH, Ziporkes J: Congenital retinal fold . Arch Ophthalmol 1940;23:1188-1197.Crossref 36. Brockhurst RJ, Chishti MI: Cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia: Its occurrence without oxygen administration and in full term infants . Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 1975;195:113-128.Crossref 37. Uemura Y, Morizane H: Fundus anomalies in high hypermetropic eyes . Rinsho Ganka 1970;24:961-965. 38. Sorsby A, Leary GA, Fraser GR: Family studies on ocular refraction and its components . J Med Genet 1966;3:269-273.Crossref 39. Lambert RK, McDannald CE: Hereditary high hyperopia . Am J Ophthalmol 1931;14:46-48. 40. Black M: Twins with high hyperopia . Am J Ophthalmol 1924;7:375-376. 41. Southgate PT: High hypermetropia: Report of two cases . Am J Ophthalmol 1950;33:466-467. 42. Fried M, Meyer-Schwickerath G, Koch A: Excessive hypermetropia: Review and case report documented by echography . Ann Ophthalmol 1981;14:15-19.

Ross, Mark J.;Cohen, Kenneth L.;Peiffer, Robert L.;Grimson, Baird S.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010418015pmid: 6830495

Abstract • Pseudorheumatoid nodules are subcutaneous necrobiotic granulomas that are histopathologically similar or identical to those seen with rheumatoid arthritis, granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Although these nodules are most common in children, they are also seen in adults and are usually located on the extremities and scalp. Eyelid and eyebrow involvement is seen infrequently. We histopathologically verified episcleral and orbital pseudorheumatoid nodules in an adult with eyelid and eyebrow nodules. Pseudorheumatoid nodules must be included in the differential diagnosis of subconjunctival mass lesions that may concomitantly involve the orbit, episclera, and periocular region. References 1. Moore CP, Willkens RF: The subcutaneous nodule: Its significance in the diagnosis of rheumatic disease . Semin Arthritis Rheum 1977;7: 63-79.Crossref 2. Ginsberg MH, Genant HK, Yu TF, et al: Rheumatoid nodulosis: An unusual variation of rheumatoid disease . Arthritis Rheum 1975;18: 49-58.Crossref 3. Brown MN, Hadler NM, Sams WM Jr, et al: Rheumatoid nodulosis: Sporadic and familial disease . J Rheumatol 1979;6:286-292. 4. Berardinelli JL, Hyman CJ, Campbell EE, et al: Presence of rheumatoid factor in ten children with isolated rheumatoid-like nodules . J Pediatr 1972;81:751-757.Crossref 5. Miller EH: Isolated, subcutaneous, rheumatic-like nodules . JAMA 1971;215:1151-1152.Crossref 6. Lowney ED, Simons HM: 'Rheumatoid' nodules of the skin: Their significance as an isolated finding . Arch Dermatol 1963;88:853-858.Crossref 7. Beatty EC Jr: Rheumatic-like nodules occurring in nonrheumatic children . Arch Pathol Lab Med 1959;68:154-159. 8. Rao NA, Font RL: Pseudorheumatoid nodules of the ocular adnexa . Am J Ophthalmol 1975;79:471-478. 9. Mesara BW, Brody GL, Oberman HA: `Pseudorheumatoid' subcutaneous nodules . Am J Clin Pathol 1966;45:684-691. 10. Pournaras J, Gibson AAM: `Pseudorheumatoid' nodules in children . J Bone Joint Surg Br 1971;53:724-728. 11. Askari A, Moskowitz RW, Goldberg VM: Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules and serum rheumatoid factor without arthritis . JAMA 1974;229:319-320.Crossref 12. Draheim JH, Johnson LC, Helwig EB: A clinicopathologic analysis of 'rheumatoid' nodules occurring in 54 children . Am J Pathol 1959;35:678. 13. Akers WA, Miller DA: Rheumatoid nodules in adult without rheumatoid arthritis . Arch Dermatol 1966;93:428-431.Crossref 14. Wisnieski JJ, Askari AD: Rheumatoid nodulosis: A relatively benign rheumatoid variant . Arch Intern Med 1981;141:615-619.Crossref 15. Snow C, Goldman JA, Casey HL, et al: Rheumatoid nodulosis: A continuum of extraarticular rheumatoid disease . South Med J 1979;72:1572-1577.Crossref 16. Causey JQ: Isolated subcutaneous rheumatic-like nodules in an adult . South Med J 1972;65:633-634.Crossref 17. Taranta A: Occurrence of rheumatic-like subcutaneous nodules without evidence of joint or heart disease . N Engl J Med 1962;266:13-16.Crossref 18. Wood MG, Beerman H: Necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma annulare, and rheumatoid nodule . J Invest Dermatol 1960;34:139-147. 19. Hahn BH, Yardley JH, Stevens MB: `Rheumatoid' nodules in systemic lupus erythematosus . Ann Intern Med 1970;72:49-58.Crossref 20. Ferry AP: Subcutaneous granuloma annulare ('pseudorheumatoid nodule') of the eyebrow . J Pediatr Ophthalmol 1977;14:154-157. 21. Doxanas MT, Green WR, Arentsen JJ, et al: Lid lesions of childhood: A histopathologic survey at the Wilmer Institute (1923-1974) . J Pediatr Ophthalmol 1976;13:7-39. 22. Ansell BM, Loewi G: Rheumatoid arthritis—general features . Clin Rheum Dis 1977;3: 385-401. 23. Bennett GA, Zeller JW, Bauer W: Subcutaneous nodules of rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic fever: A pathologic study . Arch Pathol Lab Med 1940;30:70-89. 24. Lever WF: Histopathology of the Skin , ed 5. Hagerstown, Md, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1975, pp 204-224. 25. Dahl MV, Goltz RW: Granuloma annulare , in Fitzpatrick TB, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, et al (eds): Dermatology in General Medicine , ed 2. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1979, pp 674-678. 26. Pinkus H, Mehregan AH: A Guide to Dermatohistopathology , ed 3. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1981, pp 261-264. 27. Robbins SL, Cotran RS: Pathologic Basis of Disease , ed 2. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1979, p 342. 28. Dowling GB, Jones EW: Atypical (annular) necrobiosis lipoidica of the face and scalp: A report of the clinical and histological features of seven cases . Dermatologica 1967;135:11-26.Crossref 29. Wyatt TL, Baumann RR: Pseudoxanthomatous rheumatoid nodules . Arch Dermatol 1967;95:156-160.Crossref 30. Kennedy C, Leigh IM: Systemic sclerosis with subcutaneous nodules . Br J Dermatol 1979;101:93-96.Crossref 31. Ferry AP: Tumors metastatic to the eye and ocular adnexa , in Jakobiec FA (ed): Ocular and Adnexal Tumors . Birmingham, Ala, Aesculapius Publishing Co, 1978, pp 886-887. 32. Karp LA, Zimmerman LE, Payne T: Intraocular involvement in Burkitt's lymphoma . Arch Ophthal 1971;85:295-298.Crossref 33. Zimmerman LE, Font RI: Ophthalmologic manifestations of granulocytic sarcoma (myeloid sarcoma or chloroma) . Am J Ophthalmol 1975;80:975-990. 34. Ryan SJ, Zimmerman LE, King FM: Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, an unusual form of intraocular pseudotumor . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1972;76:652-672. 35. Ostriker PJ: Metastasis of adenocarcinoma of colon to conjunctival surface of lid . Arch Ophthalmol 1957;57:279-281.Crossref 36. Walsh FB, Hoyt FW: Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology , ed 3. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1969, p 656. 37. Hogan MJ, Zimmerman LE: Ophthalmic Pathology: An Atlas and Textbook , ed 2. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1962, pp 227-229.

Bar, Shmuel;Feller, Noah;Savir, Hanna

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010422016pmid: 6830496

Abstract • Cataracts developed in two young adults who were receiving prolonged antiepileptic treatment with phenobarbital sodium and phenytoin sodium. The known side effects of these drugs are serious and varied, and phenytoin is strongly implicated in the etiology of cataracts in human beings. Results of our research study on rats supported our view on the cataractogenic action of phenytoin. References 1. Woodbury DM, Fingl E: Drugs effective in the therapy of the epilepsies: Hydantoins , in Goodman LS, Gilman A (eds): The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , ed 5. New York, Macmillan Publishing Co Inc, 1975, pp 204-209. 2. Harvey SC: Hynoptics and sedatives: The barbiturates , in Goodman LS, Gilman A (eds): The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , ed 5. New York, Macmillan Publishing Co Inc, 1975, pp 102-121. 3. Fukushi S, Merola LO, Kinoshita H: Altering the course of cataracts in diabetic rats . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1980;19:313-315. 4. Desai AD, Dastur HM: Phenobarbitone and the shoulder-hand syndrome . Br Med J 1967; 4:173.Crossref 5. Golding DN: Phenobarbitone and the shoulder-hand syndrome . Br Med J 1967;2:572-573.Crossref 6. Phenobarbitone and the shoulder-hand syndrome . Br Med J 1967;2:130. 7. Bilirubin, phenobarbital and the liver, editorial . N Engl J Med 1967;277:1370-1371.Crossref 8. Plaa GL: Phenobarbitone and biliary excretion . Lancet 1968;2:1348.Crossref 9. Pagliaro L, Campesi G, Aguglia F: Barbiturate jaundice: Report of a case due to a barbitalcontaining drug, with positive rechallenge to phenobarbital . Gastroenterology 1969;56:938-943. 10. Gardner AJ: Withdrawal fits in barbiturate addicts . Lancet 1967;2:337-338.Crossref 11. James IP: Withdrawal fits . Lancet 1968; 1:244.Crossref 12. MacDonald MG, Robinson DS: Clinical observations of possible barbiturate interference with anticoagulation . JAMA 1968;204:97-100.Crossref 13. Weaver DC, McDaniel ML, Lacy PE: Mechanism of barbituric-acid protection against inhibition by alloxan of glucose-induced insulin release . Diabetes 1978;27:71-77.Crossref 14. Goldberg EM, Sanbar SS: Hyperglycemic, nonketotic coma following administration of Dilantin (diphenylhydantoin) . Diabetes 1969; 18:101-106. 15. Russell MA, Bousvaros G: Fatal results from diphenylhydantoin administered intravenously . JAMA 1968;206:2118-2119.Crossref 16. Baugh CM, Krumdieck CL: Effects of phenytoin on folic-acid conjugates in man . Lancet 1969;2:519-521.Crossref 17. Dahlke MB, Mertens-Roesler E: Malabsorption of folic acid due to diphenylhydantoin . Blood 1967;30:341-351. 18. Reynolds EH: Mental effects of anticonvulsants and folic acid metabolism . Brain 1968; 91:197-214.Crossref 19. Reynolds EH, Chanarin I, Matthews DM: Neuropsychiatric aspects of anticonvulsant megaloblastic anaemia . Lancet 1968;1:394-397.Crossref 20. Werk EE, Choi Y, Sholiton L, et al: Interference in the effect of dexamethasone by diphenylhydantoin . N Engl J Med 1969;281:32-34.Crossref 21. Lovelace RE, Horwitz SJ: Peripheral neuropathy in long-term diphenylhydantoin therapy . Arch Neurol 1968;18:69-77.Crossref 22. Siegel M, Lee SL, Peress NS: The epidemiology of drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus . Arthritis Rheum 1967;10:407-415.Crossref 23. Kuiper JJ: Lymphocytic thyroiditis possibly induced by diphenylhydantoin . JAMA 1969; 210:2370-2372.Crossref 24. Harinasuta U, Zimmerman HJ: Diphenylhydantoin sodium hepatitis . JAMA 1968;203: 1015-1018.Crossref 25. Dahl JR: Diphenylhydantoin toxic psychosis with associated hyperglycemia . Calif Med 1967;107:345-347. 26. Orth DN, Almeida H, Walsh FB, et al: Ophthalmoplegia resulting from diphenylhydantoin and primidone intoxication . JAMA 1967; 201:485-487.Crossref 27. Gams RA, Neal JA, Conrad FG: Hydantoin-induced pseudo-pseudolymphoma . Ann Intern Med 1968;69:557-568.Crossref 28. Levin SR, Booker J Jr, Smith DF, et al: Inhibition of insulin secretion by diphenylhydantoin in the isolated perfused pancreas . J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1970;30:400-401.Crossref 29. Peters BH, Samaan NA: Hyperglycemia with relative hypoinsulinemia in diphenylhydantoin toxicity . N Engl J Med 1969;281:91-92.Crossref

Litriĉin, Olga

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010426017pmid: 6299256

Abstract • A 65-year-old woman had a slowly progressive sclerocorneal lesion that, after three years of unsuccessful medical treatment, involved almost the whole cornea and the surrounding sclera in the temporal lower quadrant. The tumor had a nodular surface. During the next two years, the tumor was operated on four times (twice by keratectomy and twice by lamellar sclerokeratoplasty). Microscopic examination revealed a fibrous histiocytoma. The resection was histologically incomplete on all occasions. Five years after the onset of the disease, the eye was enucleated. A spontaneous invasion of the iris could not be diagnosed with certainty, because there was a perforation at the limbus during a preceding operation. References 1. Kauffman SL, Stout AP: Histiocytic tumors (fibrous xanthoma and histiocytoma) in children . Cancer 1961;14:469-482.Crossref 2. O'Brien JE, Stout AP: Malignant fibrous xanthoma . Cancer 1964;17:1445-1455.Crossref 3. Stout AP, Lattes R: Tumors of the Soft Tissues . Atlas of Tumor Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1967, series 2, fascicle I, pp 38, 107-115. 4. Enzinger FM, Lattes R, Torloni H: Histological typing of soft tissue tumors . in International Histological Classification of Tumors , ed 3. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1969. 5. Soule EH, Enriquez P: Atipical fibrous histiocytoma, malignant histiocytoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and epithelioid sarcoma: A comparative study of 65 tumors . Cancer 1972;30:128-143.Crossref 6. Weiss S, Enzinger FM: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma . Cancer 1978;41:2250-2266.Crossref 7. Meister P, Höhne N, Konrad E, et al: Fibrous histiocytoma: An analysis of the storiform pattern . Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 1979;383:31-41.Crossref 8. Zimmerman LE: Changing concepts concerning the malignancy of ocular tumors . Arch Ophthalmol 1967;78:166-173.Crossref 9. Russman BA: Tumors of the orbit: A 33-year follow-up . Am J Ophthalmol 1967;64:273-277. 10. Vogel M: Fibröses Xanthom der Orbita . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1969;155:552-558. 11. Jokobiec FA, Howard GM, Jones IS, et al: Fibrous histiocytoma of the orbit . Am J Ophthalmol 1974;77:333-345. 12. Yanoff H, Fine BS: Ocular Pathology. Hagerstown, Md, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1975, pp 534-538. 13. Rodrigues MM, Furgiuele FP, Weinreb S: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the orbit . Arch Ophthalmol 1977;95:2025-2028.Crossref 14. Bieder B, Rothkoff L: Orbital fibrous histiocytoma in an infant . Am J Ophthalmol 1978;85:548-550. 15. Albert DM, Smith RS: Fibrous xanthoma of the conjunctiva . Arch Ophthalmol 1968;80:474-479.Crossref 16. Delgado-Partida P, Rodriguez-Trujillo F: Fibrosarcoma (malignant fibroxanthoma) involving conjunctiva and ciliary body . Arch Ophthalmol 1972;74:479-485. 17. Jakobiec FA: Fibrous histiocytoma of corneoscleral limbus . Am J Ophthalmol 1974;78:700-706. 18. Faludi JE, Kenyon K, Green WR: Fibrous histiocytoma of the corneosclereal limbus . Am J Ophthalmol 1975;80:619-624. 19. Saman K, Tesinsky P, Hejda V: Histiocytoma of the corneal limbus . Cesk Oftalmol 1979;35:89-92.

Sutton, David P.;Green, W. Richard;Luckenbach, Martha;Goldberg, Herman K.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010429018pmid: 6338872

Abstract • Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to study an unusual case of retrocorneal proliferation of smooth muscle from an area of iridocorneal synechia in a rejected corneal graft. This membrane was composed of cells with many characteristics of smoothmuscle cells, especially the typical shape, production of a single-layered basal lamina on all sides, and massive intracytoplasmic accumulation of filaments of the typical size. References 1. Kaufer G, Fine BS, Green WR, et al: Retrocorneal pigmentation, with special reference to the formation of retrocorneal membranes by uveal melanocytes . Am J Ophthalmol 1967;64:567-586. 2. Ueno H, Green WR, Kenyon KR, et al: Trabecular and retrocorneal proliferation of melanocytes and secondary glaucoma . Am J Ophthalmol 1979;88:592-597. 3. Snip RC, Green WR, Kreutzer EW, et al: Posterior corneal pigmentation and fibrous proliferation by iris melanocytes . Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:1232-1238.Crossref 4. Ghosh M, McCulloch C: Epithelial downgrowth following cataract extraction . Can J Ophthalmol 1979;14:126-136. 5. Theobald GD, Haas JS: Epithelial invasion of the anterior chamber following cataract extraction . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1947;52:470-485. 6. Maumenee AE, Paton D, Morse PH, et al: Review of 40 histologically proven cases of epithelial downgrowth following cataract extraction and suggested surgical management . Am J Ophthalmol 1970;69:598-603. 7. Bloomfield SE, Jakobiec FA, Iwamoto T: Fibrous ingrowth with retrocorneal membrane . Ophthalmology 1981;88:459-465.Crossref 8. Waring GO, Laibson PR, Rodrigues M: Clinical and pathologic alterations of Descemet's membrane: With emphasis on endothelial metaplasia . Surv Ophthalmol 1974;18:325-368. 9. Kenyon KR, Stark WJ, Stone DL: Corneal endothelial degeneration and fibrous proliferation after pars plana vitrectomy . Am J Ophthalmol 1976;81:486-490. 10. Silbert AM, Baum JL: Origin of the retrocorneal membrane in the rabbit . Arch Ophthalmol 1979;97:1141-1143.Crossref 11. Bloom W, Fawcett DW: A Textbook of Histology . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1975, pp 288-294. 12. Rhodin JAG: Histology: A Text and Atlas . New York, Oxford University Press, 1974, pp 244-251. 13. Hogan MJ, Alvarado JA, Weddell JE (eds): Histology of the Human Eye: An Atlas and Textbook . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1971, pp 101-109, 230-236. 14. Kampik A, Kenyon KR, Michels RG, et al: Epiretinal and vitreous membranes: Comparative study of 56 cases . Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:1445-1454.Crossref 15. Fine BS, Yanoff M: Ocular Histology: A Text and Atlas , ed 2. Hagerstown, Md, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1979, pp 243-246. 16. Ferenczy A, Richart RM, Okagaki T: A comparative ultrastructural study of leiomyosarcoma, cellular leiomyoma, and leiomyoma of the uterus . Cancer 1971;28:1004-1018.Crossref 17. Gospodarowicz D, Greenburg G, Alvarado J: Transplantation of cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells to rabbit cornea: Clinical implications for human studies . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979;76:464-468.Crossref 18. Murray JC, Stingl G, Kleinman HK, et al: Epidermal cells adhere preferentially to type IV (basement membrane) collagen . J Cell Biol 1979;80:197-202.Crossref 19. Terranova VP, Rohrbach DH, Martin GR: Role of laminin in the attachment of PAM-212 (epithelial) cells to basement membrane collagen . Cell 1980;22:719-726.Crossref 20. Gospodarowicz D, Greenberg G, Foidart J-M, et al: The production and localization of laminin in cultured vascular and corneal endothelial cells . J Cell Physiol 1981;107:171-183.Crossref 21. Alvarado JA, Gospodarowicz D, Greenburg G: Corneal endothelial replacement: I. In vitro formation of an endothelial monolayer . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;21:300-316. 22. Gospodarowicz D, Greenburg G, Alvarado J: Transplantation of cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells to species with nonregenerative endothelium: The cat as an experimental model . Arch Ophthalmol 1979;97:2163-2169.Crossref

Robinson, David;Landers, Maurice B.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010434019pmid: 6830497

Abstract • Watzke's sleeve was placed around a silicone band during a scleral buckling procedure. The technique allowed the sleeve to be placed safely and efficiently by the operating surgeon without assistance. References 1. Schepens CL, Okamura ID, Brockhurst RJ: The scleral buckling procedures: I. Surgical techniques and management . Arch Ophthalmol 1957;58:797-811.Crossref 2. Okamura ID, Schepens CL, Brockhurst RJ: The scleral buckling procedures: IV. Reoperations following scleral buckling . Arch Ophthalmol 1959;62:445-458.Crossref 3. Everett WG, Sharrer MC: A new type of silicone rod for scleral buckling . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1961;65:197-199. 4. Regan CDJ, Schepens CL, Okamura ID, et al: The scleral buckling procedures: VI. Further notes on silicone in primary operations . Arch Ophthalmol 1962;68:313-328.Crossref 5. Benson WE: Retinal Detachment: Diagnosis and Management . Hagerstown, Md, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1980, pp 131-133. 6. Schepen CL: Scleral buckling with encircling element . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1964;68:959-979. 7. Paulmann H: Integrierte Verschlusse zur Adaptierung freir Banderenden bei Bulbusumschnurungen . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1979;175:220-224. 8. Watzke RC: An encircling element connection for scleral buckling procedures . Am J Ophthalmol 1963;56:989-991. 9. Landers MB III: Surgery of the retina and vitreous in King JH Jr, Wadsworth JAC (eds.): An Atlas of Ophthalmic Surgery . Hagerstown, Md, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1981; pp 502-503.

Tse, David T.;Anderson, Richard L.;Fratkin, Jonathan D.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010436020pmid: 6830498

Abstract • Lower lid retractor aponeurosis disinsertion is a well-recognized etiologic factor in many involutional entropion cases, but to our knowledge it has not previously been reported as a cause of congenital entropion. Four congenitally entropic lower eyelids in three patients with no history of birth trauma were all found to have retractor disinsertion during exploratory procedures. All four eyelids were surgically corrected by reinserting the retractors to the inferior tarsal margin. Detailed histologic studies of orbicularis oculi muscle fibers in two cases showed no evidence of fiber hypertrophy. This finding refutes the commonly accepted concept of orbicularis muscle hypertrophy as an etiologic mechanism of congenital entropion. References 1. Fox SA: Primary congenital entropion . Arch Ophthalmol 1956;56:839-842.Crossref 2. Callahan A: Reconstructive Surgery of the Eyelids and Ocular Adnexa . Birmingham, Ala, Aesculapius Publishing Co, 1966; pp 37-42. 3. Aubineau E: Les entropions congeniteaux . Ann Ocul 1928;165:161-168. 4. Karlan DB: Congenital entropion, epiblepharon, and antimongoloid obliquity of the palpebral fissure . Am J Ophthalmol 1960;50:487-493. 5. Usher CH: Hereditary entropion and hereditary changes in the skin of the eyelids . Biometrika 1932;24:1-20.Crossref 6. Levitt JM: Epiblepharon and congenital entropion . Am J Ophthalmol 1957;44:112-113. 7. Barsky D: Congenital entropion of the upper eyelids . J Mich State Med Soc , (June) 1963, pp 581-582. 8. Bacskulin J, Bacskulin E: Beitrag zur klinik und Therapie des kongenitalen entropiums . Ophthalmologica 1966;151:555-567.Crossref 9. Hiles DA, Wilder LW: Congenital entropion of the upper lids . J Pediatr Ophthalmol Stabismus 1969;6:157-161. 10. Spelsberg E: Über das primäre angeborene Oberlid-Entropium . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1970;157:249-252. 11. Firat T, Bekan S: Bilateral congenital entropion of the upper eyelids . Br J Ophthalmol 1973;57:753-754.Crossref 12. Rodrique D: Congenital entropion . Can J Ophthalmol 1976;11:345. 13. Vasinca M, Lazarov E: Congenital entropion of the eyelids (two clinical cases) . Rev Chir Oftalmol 1976;20:53-56. 14. Biglan AW, Buerger GF: Congenital horizontal tarsal kink . Am J Ophthalmol 1980;89:522-524. 15. Wilde WR: Observations upon the causes and operations recommended for the cure of entropion and trichiasis . Dublin J Med Sci , (March) 1844, pp 98-133. 16. Denig R: Beitrag zur Aetiologic der angeborenen Trichiasis Verhanol . Ges Dtsch Naturf Aertze 1899;71:345-350. 17. DeVoe AG, Horwich H: Congenital entropion and tetrastichiasis of upper lids, palpebral hyperpigmentation and mental deficiency . Arch Ophthalmol 1954;52:865-870.Crossref 18. Von Ammon F: Klinische Darstellungen der Krankheiten und Bildungsfehler des Menschlichen Auges, der Augenlider, und der Thranenwerkzeuge . Berlin, G Reiwer, 1841, p 6. 19. Harlan GC: Two cases of congenital entropion of both upper lids with deficiency of tarsal cartilages: Transplantation of a flap of skin into the lid margin . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1895;7:418-422. 20. Guibert H: Un cas d'entropion congenital double: Guerison . Arch Ophthalmol 1892;12:101-108. 21. Redslob E: Entropion palpebral par malformation des glandes de meibomius . Ann Ocul 1947;180:263-266. 22. Leblond E: Etiologie de l'entropion congenital . Arch Ophthalmol 1907;27:782-787. 23. Muller HK: Kongenitales entropium durch epiblepharon . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1931;87:184-195. 24. Von Bartha E: Ein Fall von Entropium congenitum . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1932;88:517-520. 25. Czukrasz I: Congenital entropion due to epiblepharon . Br J Ophthalmol 1950;34:318-319.Crossref 26. Lippincott JA: Case of entropion, probably congenital, complicated with extensive ulceration of both corneae . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1894-1896;7:225-226. 27. Chow KV: Entropion in newborn and its treatment . Chin Med J 1934;48:830-832. 28. Eshaghian J, Anderson RL, Weingeist TA, et al: Orbicularis oculi muscle in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia . Arch Ophthalmol 1980;98:1070-1073.Crossref 29. Brooke MH, Engel WK: Histographic analysis of human muscle biopsies with regard to fiber types: I. Adult made and female . Neurology 1969;19:221-233.Crossref 30. Zipf RF: Binocular fixation pattern . Arch Ophthalmol 1976;94:401-405.Crossref 31. Collin JR, Rathbun JE: Involutional entropion: A review with evaluation of a procedure . Arch Ophthalmol 1978;96:1058-1064.Crossref 32. Anderson RL, Gordy DD: Aponeurotic defects in congenital ptosis . Ophthalmology 1979;86:1493-1499.Crossref

Gregor, Zdenek;Ryan, Stephen J.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010441021pmid: 6830499

Abstract • A controlled trial of pars plana vitrectomy for posterior penetrating eye injury was done in a group of rhesus monkeys to compare the results of limited (core) and complete vitrectomies performed one day and two weeks after injury. Although core vitrectomy was technically easier and led to fewer operative complications, the frequency of traction retinal detachment was significantly higher than after a complete vitrectomy. There was no significant difference between eyes operated on one day or two weeks after injury. References 1. Eagling EM: Perforating injuries involving the posterior segment . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1975;95:335-339. 2. Faulborn J, Topping TM: Proliferations in the vitreous cavity after perforating injuries: A histopathological study . Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 1978;205:157-166.Crossref 3. Ryan SJ, Allen AW: Pars plana vitrectomy in ocular trauma . Am J Ophthalmol 1979;88:483-491. 4. Hutton WL, Synder WB, Vaiser A: Vitrectomy in the treatment of ocular perforating injury . Am J Ophthalmol 1976;81:733-739. 5. Benson WE, Machemer R: Severe perforating injuries treated with pars plana vitrectomy . Am J Ophthalmol 1976;81:728-732. 6. Conway BP, Michels RG: Vitrectomy techniques in the management of selected penetrating ocular injuries . Ophthalmology 1978; 85:560-583.Crossref 7. Cleary PE, Ryan SJ: Method of production and natural history of experimental posterior penetrating eye injury in the rhesus monkey . Am J Ophthalmol 1979;88:212-220. 8. Abrams GW, Topping TM, Machemer R: Vitrectomy for injury: The effect on intraocular proliferation following perforation on the posterior segment of the rabbit eye . Arch Ophthalmol 1979;97:743-748.Crossref 9. Coleman DJ: The role of vitrectomy in traumatic vitreopathy . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otol 1976;81:406-413. 10. Michels RG: Vitreous Surgery . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1981, pp 273-282. 11. Peyman G, in discussion, Freeman HM, Hirose T, Schepens CL (eds): Vitreous Surgery and Advances in Fundus Diagnosis and Treatment . New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1979, pp 319-354. 12. Cleary PE, Ryan SJ: Vitrectomy in penetrating eye injury: Results of a controlled trial of vitrectomy in an experimental posterior penetrating eye injury in the rhesus monkey . Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:287-292.Crossref 13. Faulborn AM, Atkinson A, Olivier D: Primary vitrectomy as a preventive surgical procedure in the treatment of severely injured eyes . Br J Ophthalmol 1977;61:202-208.Crossref 14. Gregor Z, Ryan SJ: Complete and core vitrectomies in the treatment of experimental posterior penetrating eye injury in the rhesus monkey: II. Histologic features . Arch Ophthalmol 1983;101:446-450.Crossref

Gregor, Zdenek;Ryan, Stephen J.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010446022pmid: 6830500

Abstract • Rhesus monkey eyes that had undergone limited (core) and complete vitrectomies one day and two weeks after posterior penetrating injury were studied histologically. Following core vitrectomy, there was more intraocular inflammation and a greater degree of intraocular fibrocellular proliferation. Anterior vitreoretinal traction and traction retinal detachment were less common after complete vitrectomy. References 1. Hogan MJ, Zimmerman LE (eds): Ophthalmic Pathology: An Atlas and Textbook , ed 2. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1962. 2. Cleary PE, Ryan SJ: Method of production and natural history of experimental posterior penetrating eye injury in the rhesus monkey . Am J Ophthalmol 1979;88:212-220. 3. Coles WH, Haik GM: Vitrectomy in intraocular trauma: Its rationale and its indications and limitations . Arch Ophthalmol 1972;87:621-628.Crossref 4. Winthrop SR, Cleary PE, Minckler DS, et al: Penetrating eye injuries: A histopathological review . Br J Ophthalmol 1980;64:809-817.Crossref 5. Cleary PE, Ryan SJ: Experimental posterior penetrating eye injury in the rabbit: I. Method of production and natural history . Br J Ophthalmol 1979;63:306-311.Crossref 6. Topping TM, Abrams GW, Machemer R: Experimental double-perforating injury of the posterior segment in rabbit eyes: The natural history of intraocular proliferation . Arch Ophthalmol 1979;97:735-742.Crossref 7. Gregor Z, Ryan SJ: Complete and core vitrectomies in the treatment of experimental posterior penetrating eye injury in the rhesus monkey: I. Clinical features . Arch Ophthalmol 1983;101:441-445).Crossref 8. Cleary PE, Ryan SJ: Vitrectomy in penetrating eye injury: Results of a control led trial of vitrectomy in an experimental posterior penetrating eye injury in the rhesus monkey . Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:287-292.Crossref 9. Machemer R: Massive periretinal proliferation: A logical approach to therapy . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1977;75:556-586. 10. Eagling EM: Perforating injuries involving the posterior segment . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1975;95:335-339. 11. Roper-Hall MJ: The treatment of ocular injuries . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1959;79:57-69. 12. Johnston S: Perforating eye injuries: A five-year survey . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1971; 91:895-921. 13. Percival SPB: A decade of intraocular foreign bodies . Br J Ophthalmol 1972;56:454-461.Crossref 14. Faulborn J, Topping TM: Proliferations in the vitreous cavity after perforating injuries: A histopathological study . Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 1978;205:157-166.Crossref 15. Gabbiani G, Hirschel BJ, Ryan GB, et al: Granulation tissue as a contractile organ: A study of structure and function . J Exp Med 1972;135:719-734.Crossref

McFarland, Jenny L.;Laing, Ronald A.;Oak, Setsuko S.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010451023pmid: 6830501

Abstract • Specular microscopy was used to study the morphologic appearance of normal and regenerating rabbit corneal epithelium before and after corneal abrasion or heptanol application. Specular photomicrographs of the denuded area and healing epithelium were taken for two to three weeks as the epithelium regenerated, as well as prior to trauma. During the healing process the cells appeared much larger than normal and had an abnormal morphologic appearance. In addition, specular photomicrographs of the corneal epithelium in topically anesthetized human subjects were obtained. These results indicate that this method is suitable for diagnostic observation and clinical research in human subjects, as well animal experimentation. References 1. Laing RA, Sandstrom MM, Leibowitz HM: In vivo photomicrography of the corneal endothelium . Arch Ophthalmol 1975;93:143-145.Crossref 2. Bourne WM, Kaufman HE: Specular microscopy of the human corneal endothelium in vivo . Am J Ophthalmol 1976;81:319-323. 3. Laing RA: Specular microscopy of the cornea , in Zadunaisky JA, Davson HH (eds): Recent Progress in Eye Research . New York, Academic Press Inc, 1980, vol 3, pp 157-217. 4. Laing RA, Bursell S-E: In vivo photomicrography of the crystalline lens . Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:688-690.Crossref 5. Laing RA, Sandstrom MM, Leibowitz HM: Changes in the corneal endothelium as a function of age . Exp Eye Res 1976;22:587-594.Crossref 6. Thoft RA, Friend J: Biochemical transformation of regenerating ocular surface epithelium . Invest Ophthalmol 1977;16:14-20. 7. Cintron C, Hassinger L, Kublin CL, et al: A simple method for the removal of rabbit corneal epithelium utilizing n-Heptanol . Ophthalmic Res 1979;11:90-96.Crossref 8. Pfister RR: The normal surface of corneal epithelium: A scanning electron microscope study . Invest Ophthalmol 1973;12:654-668. 9. Hoffmann F: The structure of epithelial cells of the cornea under the scanning electron microscope . Ophthalmic Res 1972;3:207-214.Crossref

Rollins, David F.;Tabbara, Khalid F.;O'Connor, G. Richard;Araujo, Fausto G.;Remington, Jack S.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010455024pmid: 6830502

Abstract • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect intraocular toxoplasmal antigen and antitoxoplasmal IgG antibodies in a rabbit model of experimental ocular toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmal antigen could be detected in the vitreous humor of the infected eye at the height of clinical activity of the lesion. Antitoxoplasmal IgG antibodies were detected in the aqueous and vitreous humors of the infected eyes five weeks following the onset of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. References 1. Goldmann H, Witmer R: Antikörper im Kammerwasser . Ophthalmologica 1954;127:232-330. 2. Silverstein AM: Doyne Memorial Lecture, 1974: Immunogenic uveitis . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1974;94:496-516. 3. Witmer R: Clinical implications of aqueous humor studies in uveitis . Am J Ophthalmol 1978;85:39-44. 4. Desmonts G: Definitive serological diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis . Arch Ophthalmol 1966;76:839-850.Crossref 5. van Knappen F, Panggabean SO: Detection of circulating antigen during acute infections with Toxoplasma gondii by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . J Clin Microbiol 1977;6:545-547. 6. Araujo FG, Remington JS: Antigenemia in recently acquired acute toxoplasmosis . J Infect Dis 1980;14:144-149.Crossref 7. Walls KW, Bullock SL, English DK: Use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbents assay (ELISA) and its microadaptation for the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis . J Clin Microbiol 1977;5:273-277. 8. Lin TM, Halbert SP, O'Connor GR: Standardized quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassay for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii . J Clin Microbiol 1980;11:675-681. 9. Naot Y, Remington J: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii: Use for diagnosis of acute acquired toxoplasmosis . J Infect Dis 1980;142:757-766.Crossref 10. Naot Y: IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasma infection . J Pediatr 1981;98:32-36.Crossref 11. Nozik RA, O'Connor GR: Experimental toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis . Arch Ophthalmol 1968;79:485-489.Crossref 12. Sabin AB, Feldman HE: Dyes as microchemical indicators of a new immunity phenomenon affecting a protozoan parasite (Toxoplasma) . Science 1948;108:660-663.Crossref 13. Fernando AM: Immunologic studies with I131 labeled antigen in experimental uveitis . Arch Ophthalmol 1960;63:515-539.Crossref

Kahn, Lawrence S.;Schlaegel, T. F.;Weber, Janet C.;Biegel, Angenieta

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010458025pmid: 6830503

Abstract • Sixty-two percent of 975 uveitis patients had a statistically significant elevation in the levels of one or more of three serum immunoglobulins. The percentage of cases of above-normal values was greatest for IgM (43.8%), followed by IgA (34.0%), and then by IgG (11.9%). There was no statistically significant difference in immunoglobulin values obtained for one diagnosis as compared with all others, except for men with HLA-B27. They had a higher percent of elevated IgM values than men with all other diagnoses. Testing for immunoglobulins is of little or no value in the etiologic diagnosis of a single case of uveitis, but may be of value in research studies to better understand its pathogenesis. References 1. O'Connor GR: Uveitis of immunologic origin: Clinical syndromes . Trans Pac Coast Otoophthalmol Soc Annu Meet 1976;57:213-221. 2. Weber JC, Schlaegel TF, Golden B: Statistical correlation of uveitis syndromes with virus titers . Am J Ophthalmol 1974;78:948-951. 3. O'Rourke J: Hypometabolism and depressed thyroxine utilization in association with uveitis . Arch Ophthalmol 1960;64:734-743.Crossref 4. Friedlaender M: Allergy and Immunology of the Eye . Hagerstown, Md, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1979, pp 139-150, 174-179. 5. Aronson SB: The role of nonspecific tests in uveitis , in Aronson SB, Gamble CN, Goodner EK, et al (eds): Clinical Methods in Uveitis . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1968, pp 185-195. 6. Koliopoulos JX, Perkins ES, Seitanides BE: Serum immunoglobulins in retinal vasculitis . Br J Ophthalmol 1970;54:233-236.Crossref 7. Ghose T, Quigley JH, Landrigan PL, et al: Immunoglobulins in aqueous humour and iris from patients with endogenous uveitis and patients with cataract . Br J Ophthalmol 1973;57:897-903.Crossref 8. Norn MS: Immunoglobulins in endogenous uveitis . Br J Ophthalmol 1976;60:299-301.Crossref 9. Rahi AHS, Holborow EJ, Perkins ES, et al: Immunologic investigations in uveitis . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1976;96:113-122. 10. Grob PJ, Martenet AC, Witmer R: Nonspecific immune parameters and hepatitis B antigens in patients with uveitis . Mod Probl Ophthalmol 1976;16:254-258. 11. Mancini G, Carbonara AO, Heremans JF: Immunochemical quantitation of antigens by single radial immunodiffusion . Immunochemistry 1965;2:235-254.Crossref 12. Fahey JL, McKelvey EM: Quantitative determination of serum immunoglobulins in antibody-agar plates . J Immunol 1965;94:84-90. 13. Stiehm ER, Fundenberg HH: Serum levels of immune globulins in health and disease: A survey . Pediatrics 1966;37:715-726. 14. Schlaegel TF, Pavan-Langston D: Uveal tract: Iris, ciliary body and choroid , in Pavan-Langston (ed): Manual of Ocular Diagnosis and Therapy . Boston, Little Brown & Co, 1980, p 159. 15. Allansmith M, McClellan B, Butterworth M: Stability of human immunoglobulin levels . Proc Soc Exp Biol 1967;125:404-407.Crossref 16. Butts WC, James GE, Keuhneman M: Intra-individual variation in the concentrations of IgA, IgG, IgM, and complement component C3 in serum of a normal adult population . Clin Chem 1977;23:511-514. 17. Butler WT, Rossen RD: Effects of corticosteroids on immunity in man . J Clin Invest 1973;52:2629-2640.Crossref

Lincoff, Andrew;Lincoff, Harvey;Iwamoto, Takeo;Jacobiec, Frederick;Kreissig, Ingrid

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010460026pmid: 6830504

Abstract • The behavior of the gas perfluoron-butane (C4F10) in the rabbit vitreous suggests that the gas might be useful as a long-term intravitreal tamponade in retinal detachment surgery. Perfluoro-n-butane was found to expand more and remain in the eye longer than any gas previously reported. A 0.3-mL bubble expanded five times and displaced the entire rabbit vitreous in three days. The volume of the bubble began to shrink after one week, but still filled more than half the eye at three weeks. The time for total disappearance was more than three months. References 1. Norton EWD: Intraocular gas in the management of selected retinal detachments . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1973;77:85-98. 2. Vygantes CM, Peyman GA, Daily MU, et al: Octofluorocyclobutane and other gases for vitreous replacement . Arch Ophthalmol 1973;90:235-236.Crossref 3. Abrahms GW, Edelhauser HF, Aaaberg TM, et al: Dynamics of intravitreal sulfur hexafluoride gas . Invest Ophthalmol 1974;13:863-867. 4. Fineberg E, Machemer R, Sullivan P: SF, for retinal detachment surgery . Mod Probl Ophthalmol 1974;12:173-176. 5. Urrets-Zavalia A, Maldonado A: The insufflation of freon in vitreoretinal surgery . Mod Probl Ophthalmol 1977;183:253-258. 6. Lincoff H, Mardirossian J, Lincoff A, et al: Intravitreal longevity of three perfluorocarbon gases . Arch Ophthalmol 1980;98:1610-1611.Crossref 7. Lincoff A, Haft D, Ligget P, et al: Intravitreal expansion of perfluorocarbon bubbles . Arch Ophthalmol 1980;98:1646.Crossref 8. Parver L, Lincoff H: Mechanics of intraocular gas . Invest Ophthalmol 1978;17:77-79. 9. Leaver P: The temporary use of a silicone oil tamponade . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1981; 101:189-191.

Williams, George A.;Reeser, Frederick;O'Brien, William J.;Fleischman, Jay A.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010463027pmid: 6338873

Abstract • Aberrations in prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 metabolism have been implicated in a wide spectrum of systemic disease. To our knowledge, derivatives of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 have not been demonstrated previously in the subretinal fluid of rhegmatogenous detachments. Radioimmunoassays to determine levels of stable derivatives of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) and thromboxane B2, in rhegmatogenous subretinal fluid samples from ten patients showed the following: 6-keto-PGF1α level, less than 100 to 1,268 pg/mL; thromboxane B2 level, less than 100 to 3,619 pg/mL. The fact that some of these concentrations are higher than the circulating plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1α and thromboxane B2 suggests endogenous ocular production. Our findings establish the presence of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 derivatives in the rhegmatogenous subretinal fluid. References 1. Kaufman PL, Podos SM: The subretinal fluid in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment . Surv Ophthalmol 1973;18:100-116. 2. Lam KW, van Heuven WAJ, Ray S: Lipoproteins in human subretinal fluids . Arch Ophthalmol 1980;98:1847-1849.Crossref 3. Feman SS, Andrews JS, James M, et al: Human biochemical components in retinoschisis and detachment . Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:475-477.Crossref 4. Starzycka M, Kowalska A, Kedziora M: Some inorganic constituents of subretinal fluid . Ophthalmologica 1979;179:220-224.Crossref 5. Lam KW, van Heuven WAJ, Ray GS, et al: Subretinal fluids: Lipid analysis . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1975;14:406-410. 6. Chignell AH, Carruthers M, Rahi HS: Clinical biochemical and immunoelectrophoretic study of subretinal fluid . Br J Ophthalmol 1971; 55:525-532.Crossref 7. Moncada S, Vane JR: Prostacyclin and cardiovascular system . Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Res 1980;6:43-60. 8. Moncada S, Vane JR: Arachidonic acid metabolites and the interactions between platelets and blood-vessel walls . N Engl J Med 1979; 300:1142-1147.Crossref 9. Robertson RM, Robertson D, Roberts LJ, et al: Thromboxane A2 in vasotonic angina pectoris N Engl J Med 1981;304:998-1003.Crossref 10. Handin RI, Alexander RW: Humoral heartache: Do platelets have a role? N Engl J Med 1981;304:1035-1036.Crossref 11. Colwell JA, Halushka PV: Platelet function in diabetes mellitus . Br J Haematol 1980; 44:521-526.Crossref 12. Kuehl FA, Humes JL, Ham EA, et al: Inflammation: The role of peroxidase derived products . Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Res 1980;6:77-86. 13. Kuehl FA, Egan RW: Prostaglandins, arachidonic acid, and inflammation . Science 1980;210:978-984.Crossref 14. Mitchell MD: A sensitive radioimmunoassay 6-keto PGF1α: Preliminary observations on circulating concentration . Prostaglandins Med 1978;1:13-22.Crossref 15. Sors H, Pradelles P, Dray F, et al: Analytical methods for thromboxane B2 measurement and validation of radioimmunoassay by gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry . Prostaglandins 1978;16:277-290.Crossref 16. Davis TME, Mitchell MD, Turner RC: Prostacyclin and thromboxane metabolites in diabetes . Lancet 1980;11:789-790. 17. Lam KW, Constable IJ, Schepens CL: Subretinal fluid: Isoenzymes and cytological studies . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1972;11:1037-1043. 18. Meredith TA, Reeser FH, Topping TM, et al: Cystoid macular edema after retinal detachment surgery . Ophthalmology 1980;87:1090-1095.Crossref 19. Waitzman MB: Possible new concepts relating prostaglandins to various ocular functions . Surv Ophthalmol 1970;14:301-326. 20. Miyake K: Prostaglandins as a causative factor of cystoid macular edema after lens extraction . Folia Ophthalmol Jpn 1977;28:488-493.

Mondino, Bartley J.;Rao, Haihwa

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010465028pmid: 6830505

Abstract • Hemolytic C1, C4, C3, and C5 and IgG levels were measured in aqueous humor obtained at surgery from human eyes without inflammation or previous surgery (group 1), eyes with previous surgery (group 2), and eyes with anterior uveitis (group 3). Serum hemolytic complement and IgG levels were also compared with aqueous humor levels. Aqueous humor from eyes in group 1 contained functional C1, C4, C3, and C5, but there was relatively little complement in normal aqueous humor when compared with serum. The mean values of all complement components and IgG in aqueous humor increased from groups 1 to 3; aqueous-serum ratios for each complement component and IgG also increased from groups 1 to 3. Eyes in group 3 had the highest complement and IgG levels and in some cases these values approached those found in serum. References 1. Chandler JW, Leder R, Kaufman HE, et al: Quantitative determinations of complement components and immunoglobulins in tears and aqueous humor . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1974;13:151-153. 2. Boros T, Rapp HJ: Immune hemolysis: A simplified method for the preparation of EAC'4 with guinea pig or with human complement . J Immunol 1967;9:263-268. 3. Mondino BJ, Hoffman DB: Hemolytic complement activity in normal human donor corneas . Arch Ophthalmol 1980;98:2041-2044.Crossref 4. Zar JH: Biostatistical Analysis . Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall Inc, 1974, pp 133-142. 5. Kruskal WH, Wallis WA: Use of ranks in one-criterion analysis of variance . J Am Statist Assoc 1952;47:583-621.Crossref 6. Dunn OJ: Multiple comparisons using rank sums . Technometrics 1964;6:241-252.Crossref 7. Natvig JB, Winchester RJ: Complement in rheumatoid inflammation . Acta Rheum Scand 1969;15:161-168. 8. Allansmith MR, Whitney CR, McClellan BH, et al: Immunoglobulins in the human eye . Arch Ophthalmol 1973;89:36-45.Crossref

Hatchell, Diane L.;Magolan, Jerome J.;Besson, Michael J.;Goldman, Arnold I.;Pederson, Harlan J.;Schultz, Karen J.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010469029pmid: 6830506

Abstract • Epithelial healing problems and basement membrane abnormalities have been observed in the corneas of patients with diabetes mellitus. In this study the rates of corneal epithelial wound healing following transcorneal freezing (with a 6-mm-diameter probe cooled in liquid nitrogen) were compared in diabetic (alloxan-induced) and nondiabetic rabbits. Also compared was the extent of injury to the epithelial basement membrane between the two groups. The overall rate of wound healing was faster in the diabetic animals; the wounds closed at 40 hours after freezing in diabetic animals and at 45 hours after in the nondiabetic controls. The lamina densa of the basement membrane was removed by the freezing procedure in two thirds of the diabetic animals but not in any of the controls. The results of this study indicate that epithelial healing problems in diabetes may be related to damage to the basement membrane, with resulting poor adhesion of regenerating epithelial cells. References 1. Brightbill FS, Myers FL, Bresnick GH: Postvitrectomy keratopathy . Am J Ophthalmol 1978;85:651-655. 2. Perry HD, Foulks GN, Thoft RA, et al: Corneal complications following closed vitrectomy through the pars plana . Arch Ophthalmol 1978;96:1401-1403.Crossref 3. Foulks GN, Thoft RA, Perry HD, et al: Factors related to corneal epithelial complications after closed vitrectomy in diabetics . Arch Ophthalmol 1979;97:1076-1079.Crossref 4. Mandelcorn MS, Blankenship G, Machemer R: Pars plana vitrectomy for the management of severe diabetic retinopathy . Am J Ophthalmol 1976;81:561-570. 5. Kenyon K, Wafai Z, Michels R, et al: Corneal basement membrane abnormalities in diabetes mellitus , abstracted. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1978;17( (suppl) ):245. 6. Taylor HR, Kimsey RA: Corneal epithelial basement membrane changes in diabetes . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;20:548-553. 7. Ishii Y, Lahav M, Mukai Y: Corneal changes in diabetic patients and streptozotocin-diabetic rats: An ultrastructural correlation , abstracted. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;20( (suppl) ):154. 8. Schultz RO, Van Horn DL, Peters MA, et al: Diabetic keratopathy . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1981;49:180-199. 9. Snip RA, Thoft RA, Tolentino FI: Similar epithelial healing rates of the corneas of diabetic and non-diabetic patients . Am J Ophthalmol 1980;90:463-468. 10. Fukushi S, Merola LO, Tanaka M, et al: Reepithelialization of denuded corneas in diabetic rats . Exp Eye Res 1980;31:611-621.Crossref 11. Friend J, Kiorpes TC, Thoft RA: Diabetes mellitus and the rabbit corneal epithelium . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;21:317-321. 12. Van Horn DL, Sendele DD, Seideman S, et al: Regenerative capacity of the corneal endothelium in rabbit and cat . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1977;16:596-613. 13. Ubels JL, Edelhauser HF, Austin KH: A comparison of healing of corneal epithelial wounds stained with fluorescein or Richardson's stain . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1982;23:127-130. 14. Cintron C, Hassinger L, Kublin CL, et al: A simple method for removal of rabbit corneal epithelium utilizing n-heptanol . Ophthalmic Res 1979;11:90.Crossref 15. Scheving LE, Pauly JE: Circadian phase relationships of thymidine 3H uptake, labeled nuclei, grain counts, and cell division rate in rat corneal epithelium . J Cell Biol 1967;32:677-683.Crossref 16. Van Horn DL, DeBruin J, Pederson HJ: Basement membrane injury in cornea of diabetic rabbits , abstracted. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1982;22( (suppl) ):72. 17. Khodadoust AA, Silverstein AM, Kenyon KK, et al: Adhesion of regenerating corneal epithelium . Am J Ophthalmol 1968;65:339-348.

Schanzlin, David J.;Cyr, Richard J.;Friedlaender, Mitchell H.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010472030pmid: 6187318

Abstract • We have developed an experimental model for the quantitative examination of the kinetics of the inflammatory cell response to thermal corneal injury. Using this model, we found a considerable difference in the type of inflammatory cell response to vasculogenic (peripheral) and nonvasculogenic (central) thermal cautery of the cornea. We found that infiltration of the corneal stroma with polymorphonuclear leukocytes preceded the growth of blood vessels in this model. This quantitative model will be useful in future studies of the role of inflammatory cells in different models of corneal neovascularization, and may provide quantitative evidence of how known inhibitors of corneal neovascularization exert their effect. References 1. Campbell FW, Michaelson IC: Blood-vessel formation in the cornea . Br J Ophthalmol 1949;33:248-255.Crossref 2. Eliason JA: Leukocytes and experimental corneal vascularization . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1978;17:1087-1095. 3. Friedlaender MH, Howes EL Jr, Hall JM, et al: Histopathology of delayed hypersensitivity reactions in the guinea pig uveal tract . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1978;17:327-335. 4. Fromer CH, Klintworth GK: An evaluation of the role of leukocytes in the pathogenesis of experimentally induced corneal vascularization: I. Comparison of experimental models of corneal vascularization . Am J Pathol 1975;79:537-554. 5. Fromer CH, Klintworth GK: An evaluation of the role of leukocytes in the pathogenesis of experimentally induced corneal vascularization: II. Studies on the effect of leukocytic elimination on corneal vascularization . Am J Pathol 1975;81:531-544. 6. Fromer CH, Klintworth GK: An evaluation of the role of leukocytes in the pathogenesis of experimentally induced corneal vascularization: III. Studies related to the vasoproliferative capability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes . Am J Pathol 1976;82:157-170. 7. Sholley MM, Gimbrone MA Jr, Cotran RS: The effects of leukocyte depletion on corneal neovascularization . Lab Invest 1978;38:32-40.Crossref

Minning, Carl A.;Havener, William H.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010475031pmid: 6830507

Abstract • The use of homologous fascia lata in ocular surgery has been frequently questioned in regard to its host tolerance. Our electron microscopic examination of homologous fascia lata grafts up to 19 years old, which had been implanted as scleral buckling elements, showed no gross or microscopic histologic changes. Late infection, migration, and erosion were virtually nonexistent in comparison with other series using synthetic buckling materials. Therefore, homologous fascia lata is ideally tolerated and the most perfect scleral buckling material currently available. References 1. Smolin G, Havener WH: The use of fascia lata in retinal detachment surgery . Am J Ophthalmol 1966;61:265-267. 2. Hilton GF, Wallyn RH: The removal of scleral buckles . Arch Ophthalmol 1978;96: 2061-2063.Crossref 3. Dellaporta A: Experimental and clinical studies on scleral encircling operations . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1970;68:595-666. 4. Havener WH, Olson RS: Encircling fascia lata strips for retinal detachment . Arch Ophthalmol 1962;67:721-726.Crossref 5. Davidorf FH, Havener WH: Homologous fascia lata in retinal detachment surgery: II . Ophthalmic Surg 1974;5( (4) );89-97. 6. Davidorf FH, Larcom JD, Havener WH: Homologous fascia lata in retinal detachment surgery: I . Ophthalmic Surg 1974;5( (4) ):80-88. 7. Havener WH, Wachtel JG: Ocular response to fascia lata procedure for retinal detachment . Am J Ophthalmol 1964;57:201-205. 8. Crawford JS: Nature of fascia lata and its fate after implantation . Am J Ophthalmol 1969;67:900-907. 9. Crawford JS: Fascia lata: Its nature and fate after implantation and its use in ophthalmic surgery . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1968;66: 673-745. 10. Beyer CK, Albert DM: The use and fate of fascia lata and sclera in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery . Ophthalmology 1981; 88:869-886.Crossref

Hull, David S.;Farkas, Steve;Green, Keith;Laughter, Lisa;Elijah, R. David;Bowman, Karen

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010479032pmid: 6830508

Abstract • Radial keratotomy may cause anatomical damage to the rabbit corneal endothelium. To determine if physiological and functional alterations occur, radial keratotomy was performed on rabbit corneas using eight incisions with sparing of a 3.5-mm central pupillary area. Cornea endothelial membrane permeabilities were determined at various times up to ten weeks following the procedure using simultaneous flux determinations of tritiated inulin and dextran labeled with radioactive carbon on isolated corneas. At all times after radial keratotomy, there was no probable physiologically important change in corneal endothelial permeability to either of the labeled compounds. Fluorophotometry performed in a second group of animals at varying intervals following radial keratotomy showed no probable physiologically important change in endothelial fluorescein permeability. Aqueous humor turnover rate was reduced 16% and 29% at one week and nine to ten weeks, respectively, following radial keratotomy. References 1. Fyodorov SN, Durnev VV: Operation of dosaged dissection of corneal circular ligament in cases of myopia of mild degree . Ann Ophthalmol 1979;11:1885-1890. 2. Fyodorov SN, Durnev VV: Surgical correction of complicated myopic astigmatism by means of dissection of circular ligament of cornea . Ann Ophthalmol 1981;13:115-118. 3. Bores LD, Myers W, Cowden J: Radial keratotomy: An analysis of the American experience . Ann Ophthalmol 1981;13:941-948. 4. Steel D, Jester JV, Salz J, et al: Modification of corneal curvature following radial keratotomy in primates . Ophthalmology 1981;88:747-754.Crossref 5. Jester JV, Steel D, Salz J, et al: Radial keratotomy in non-human primate eyes . Am J Ophthalmol 1981;92:153-171. 6. Yamaguchi T, Kaufman HE, Fukushima A, et al: Histologic and electron microscopic assessment of endothelial damage produced by anterior radial keratotomy in the monkey cornea . Am J Ophthalmol 1981;92:313-327. 7. Yamaguchi T, Polack FM, Valenti J, et al: Endothelial damage after anterior radial keratotomy . Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:2151-2158.Crossref 8. Kim JH, Green K, Martinez M, et al: Solute permeability of the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane . Exp Eye Res 1971;12:231-238.Crossref 9. Jones RF, Maurice DM: New methods of measuring the rate of aqueous flow in man with fluorescein . Exp Eye Res 1966;5:208-220.Crossref 10. Waltman SR, Kaufman HE: A new objective slit lamp fluorophotometer . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1970;9:247-249. 11. Green K, Symonds CM, Elijah RD, et al: Water soluble marijuana-derived material: Pharmacological actions in rabbit and primate . Curr Eye Res 1982;1:599-608.Crossref 12. Yablonski ME, Zimmerman TJ, Waltman SR, et al: A fluorophotometric study of the effect of topical timolol on aqueous dynamics . Exp Eye Res 1978;27:135-142.Crossref 13. Burns RR, Bourne WM, Brubaker RF: Endothelial function in patients with cornea guttata . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;20:77-85. 14. Coakes RL, Brubaker RF: Methods of measuring aqueous humor flow and corneal endothelial permeability using a fluorophotometery nomegram . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1979; 18:288-302. 15. Brubaker RF, Coakes RL, Bourne WM: Effect of timolol on the permeability of corneal endothelium . Ophthalmology 1979;86:108-111.Crossref 16. Hull DS, Green K, Boyd M, et al: Corneal endothelium bicarbonate transport and the effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on endothelial permeability and fluxes and corneal thickness . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1977;16:883-892. 17. Hull DS, Green K, Bowman K: Corneal endothelial permeability following storage in moist chamber of MK medium . Acta Ophthalmol 1979;57:999-1003.Crossref 18. McCarey BE, Edelhauser HF, van Horn DL: Functional and structural changes in the corneal endothelium during in vitro perfusion . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1973;12:410-417. 19. Maffly RH, Hays RM, Lamdin E, et al: The effect of neurohypophyseal hormones on the permeability of the toad bladder to urea . J Clin Invest 1960;39:630-641.Crossref 20. Van Horn DL, Sendele DD, Seideman S, et al: Regenerative capacity of the corneal endothelium in rabbit and cat . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1977;16:597-613. 21. Khodadoust AA, Green K: Physiological function of regenerating endothelium . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1976;15:96-101.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010482034

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract New Officers. —The Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists (CLAO) elected Dr James Aquavella of Rochester, Minn, as its president for 1983. The president-elect will be Dr Harold A. Stein and the secretary-treasurer will be Dr R. Hugh Minor. Dr R. Linsy Farris will be the editor of the CLAO journal and Dr Oliver H. Dabezies will continue as the executive vice-president. Council. —The International Council of Ophthalmology met in San Francisco on Oct 30, 1982, and the International Federation of Ophthalmological Societies met on Nov 4, 1982, during the International Congress of Ophthalmology.Three new societies (Jordan, Singapore, and Ecuador) became members of the International Federation. A committee under the chairmanship of Dr C. Kupfer was appointed to collect information on ophthalmological research. Professor B. Streiff resigned as treasurer and was replaced by Professor J. F. Cuendet. Professor B. Jones resigned as representative of the International Agency for Prevention

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010482033

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.

Lamberts, David W.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010485035pmid: 6830509

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor. —I read with interest Dr Sisler's article in the May Archives (1982;100:800-801) on the surgical correction of blepharoptosis in dry-eyed patients. Although I find it commendable to show concern for the preservation of tear-producing tissue, I do not believe that Dr Sisler's article supports his conclusions. The preservation by reimplantation (in the lower lid) of the tarsoconjunctiva specimen (as obtained by a Fasanella-Servat type procedure) prevents worsening of sicca in patients with previously dry eyes. First, the four patients described as dry eyed, did not, in my opinion, meet good criteria for that diagnosis. The author states only that the four patients had Schirmer test results of below 10 mm of wetting. This does not necessarily mean these patients had dry eyes. In a study by Lamberts et al in the Archives (1979;97:1082-1085), 32 of 86 eyes of normal patients had Schirmer No. 1 test results of

Sisler, Hampson A.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010485036

Abstract In Reply. —I appreciate Dr Lambert's concern for data analysis. While I did not go into detail regarding the diagnosis of conjunctivitis sicca in my nine cases, I stated that all had Schirmer test values of less than 10 mm of wetting in five minutes. I also referred to their subjective symptoms and their response to a tear substitute. Were this the central theme of my study, I would have included such aspects as tear osmolarity and lactoferrin content studies recently reported by Farris1,2 with rose bengal stain, lysozyme content, and electrophoresis (older criteria), which Dr Lamberts does not mention. From his own article, to which he does allude, I might also include the dimensions and qualities of the tear strip as visualized at the slit lamp. Yet the latter, as described by the authors themselves, are even more subjective and variable than are the Schirmer test readings.With References 1. Farris RL, Stuchell R, Mandel ID: Basal and reflex human tear analysis: I. Physical measurements: Osmolarity, basal values and reflex flow rate . Ophthalmology 1981;88:852-857.Crossref 2. Stuchell R, Farris RL, Mandel ID: Basal and reflex human tear analysis: II. Chemical analysis: Lactoferrin and lysozyme . Ophthalmology 1981;88:858-861.Crossref

Brothers, David M.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010485037pmid: 6830510

Abstract To the Editor. —An 80-year-old woman who had facial diplegia, hypertension, Sjögren's syndrome, arthritis, corneal hypoesthesia, and chronic purulent staphylococcal conjunctivitis was unsuccessfully treated with tear substitutes and antibiotics, but her conditions resolved promptly after conjunctival transplantation.This patient experienced multiple abnormalities of the lacrimal system, including a deficiency in aqueous production as measured by repeated Schirmer's tests and rapid tear breakup, hypoesthesia, and chronic epitheliopathy (ie, extensive punctate keratitis and chronic purulent conjunctivitis). The staphylococcal conjunctivitis was so marked that the tenacious secretions could not be irrigated from the conjunctival surface, but they were removed mechanically without the need of topical anesthesia. No symblepharon ever formed.The bacteria were sensitive to several antibiotics, including chloramphenicol, erythromycin, sulfacetamide sodium, and gentamicin sulfate, that were used at various times without success. In addition, multiple tear substitutes and ointment were employed.After more than one year of chronic recurrent infection, a superficial References 1. Thoft RA: Indications for conjunctival transplantation . Ophthalmology 1982;89:335-339.Crossref

Root-Bernstein, Robert;Westall, Fred C.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010486038pmid: 6830511

Abstract To the Editor. —Acute demyelinating optic neuritis is an important feature of both experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and multiple sclerosis. Elucidation of the immunologic mechanisms involved in EAE should expose the processes responsible for causing experimental allergic optic neuritis (EAON). Understanding the causes of EAON should, in turn, shed light on the immunologic events associated with naturally occurring forms of optical neuritis.It is commonly thought that EAE is simply the result of an autoimmune response directed specifically at myelin basic protein (MBP) within myelin.1 Several well-established observations, however, cast doubt on this widespread notion. In the first place, while cellular immunity to MBP or its active peptides is no doubt necessary for EAE induction, it is clearly not sufficient to elicit the disease. High levels of lymphocytes activated against MBP have been found in many experimental and clinical situations in the absence of clinical EAE.2 Furthermore, while References 1. Kies MN, Alvord EC Jr: Encephalitogenic activity in guinea pigs of water-soluble protein fractions of nervous tissue , in Kies MN, Alvord EC Jr (eds): Allergic Encephalomyelitis . Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1959, pp 239-299. 2. Waxman FJ, Fritz RB, Hinrichs DJ: The presence of specific antigen-reactive cells during the induction, recovery and resistance phases of EAE . Cell Immunol 1980;49:34-42.Crossref 3. Nagai Y, Akiyama K, Suzuki K, et al: Structural specificity of synthetic peptide adjuvant for induction of EAE . Cell Immunol 1978;35:168-172.Crossref 4. Bergstrand H, Kallen B: On the statistical evaluation of the macrophage migration inhibition assay . Scand J Immunol 1973;2:173-187.Crossref 5. Nagai Y, Akiyama K, Kotani S, et al: Minimum structural requirements for encephalitogen and for adjuvant in the induction of EAE . Cell Immunol 1978;35:158-167.Crossref 6. Westall FC, Root-Bernstein RS: An explanation of prevention and suppression of EAE. J Mol Immunol, in press. 7. Root-Bernstein RS, Westall FC: Complementarity between dual antigens in the induction of EAE. J Theor Biol, in press.

Peyman, Gholam A.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010487040

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor. —I read with great interest the article entitled "Toxicity of Intravitreous Miconazole" by Tolentino et al in the September Archives (1982;100:1504-1509) and thought their study superb. Four years ago we evaluated the toxic effects of intravitreal miconazole nitrate (unpublished data) but were unable to demonstrate in vivo the efficacy of this drug in the management of experimental Candida albicans endophthalmitis. It would be important to know if these authors experienced similar problems. If so, caution should be used in advocating the intravitreal use of this drug. We have encountered similar problems with flucytosine and ketoconazole. While these drugs demonstrate satisfactory in vitro effects against fungi, for reasons unknown to us, their in vivo efficacy is minimal or nonexistent.

Tolentino, Felipe I.;Foster, C. Stephen

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010487041

Abstract In Reply. —We thank Dr Peyman for his remarks on our article. However, we find it surprising that, in unpublished data, he noted no in vivo effect of miconazole in the management of experimental C albicans endophthalmitis. Although our article did not deal with the efficacy of miconazole, we find his observations contrary to those of others. For example, Jones1 proved the efficacy of miconazole and ketaconazole in the treatment of various forms of oculomycosis. Foster2 reported that miconazole and ketaconazole were effective in the treatment of Candida and Aspergillus corneal ulcers. In their research Osato et al3 found ketaconazole to be effective in the treatment of Candida endophthalmitis produced in animals. The finding of Osato et al is particularly interesting because of Peyman's comment that flucytosine and ketaconazole lack effectiveness against Candida in vivo.We would like to add that miconazole has been an important addition to References 1. Jones BR: Principles in the management of oculomycosis . Am J Ophthalmol 1975;79:719-751. 2. Foster CS: Miconazole therapy for keratomycosis . Am J Ophthalmol 1981;91:622-629. 3. Osato MS, Vgland DN, Bruberg TH, et al: Ketoconazole therapy of endogenous Candida albicans endophthalmitis . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1980;19:113.

Thornton, Spencer P.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010487042pmid: 6830512

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor. —Some comments are called for regarding the article entitled "Histopathology of a Case of Radial Keratotomy" by Stainer et al that appeared in the September 1982 Archives (100:1473-1477). The authors state that their analysis of a corneal button removed from a patient by radial keratotomy (RK) suggested that RK may carry a risk of optical and visual aberrations by producing "multiple defects."It should be emphasized that this was an eye with a pathologic condition to begin with, suffering from "considerable apical scarring" and keratoglobus requiring a corneal graft prior to the performance of what the authors call "radial keratoplasty." The patient had undergone an 8-mm corneal transplant that suffered from decompensation and persistent central graft edema. In addition, this eye suffered from what the authors call "high astigmatism." Despite these obvious pathologic characteristics, the unidentified surgeon apparently thought that RK could rescue this poor surgical result,

Romano, Paul;Gross, Samuel;Quisling, Ronald G.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010487039

Abstract To the Editor. —The recent publication in the Archives of three articles on retinoblastoma1-3 raises the problem of detecting the second nonocular tumor over a long term.Abramson et al3 state: "It appears there is a 30% chance of succumbing to a nonocular tumor within 18 years after the second dose of irradiation." They add that they expect the same in patients treated with radiation only once or not at all. Therefore, any patient with retinoblastoma with bilateral disease, regardless of treatment, runs a 30% risk of a second nonocular tumor within 18 years, most frequently osteogenic sarcoma. Unlike osteogenic sarcoma not preceded by retinoblastoma that occurs primarily in the second decade of life, these tumors apparently appear with an almost linear frequency starting four years after discovery of the retinoblastoma.To facilitate the early detection of such lesions, we now plan specificially to examine all patients with References 1. Abramson DH, Marks RF, Ellsworth RM, et al: The management of unilateral retinoblastoma without primary enucleation . Arch Ophthalmol 1982;100:1249-1252.Crossref 2. Abramson DH, Ellsworth RM, Rozakis GW: Cryotherapy for retinoblastoma . Arch Ophthalmol 1982;100:1253-1256.Crossref 3. Abramson DH, Ellsworth RM, Rosenblatt M, et al: Retreatment of retinoblastoma with external beam irradiation . Arch Ophthalmol 1982;100:1257-1260.Crossref

Jakobiec, Frederick A.;Gibralter, Richard P.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010488045

Abstract In Reply. —We regret that our computerized and manual literature searches did not turn up the article by Drs Spence and Peyman that indeed provided the first description of combined staining with trypan blue and alizarin red S for delineating normal and abnormal corneal endothelium. In their zeal to put the historical record straight, they do us a disservice by implying that we touted this staining method as new and as having been invented by ourselves whereas, in fact, the fourth reference in our introduction credits the antecedent work of Sperling1 on this particular combination of stains. In all likelihood, Sperling, and Spence and Peyman, independently evaluated the utility of these stains, and in close temporal proximity, reported their findings without knowledge of each other's work. Our article was simply an attempt to amplify the value of these stains as applied to a wide spectrum of corneal endothelial conditions. References 1. Sperling S: Combined staining of corneal endothelium by alizarin red and trypan blue . Acta Ophthalmol 1977;55:573-580.Crossref

Spence, David;Peyman, Gholam A.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010488044

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor. —The article by Drs Gibralter and Jakobiec entitled "Supravital and Vital Staining of Diseased Corneal Endothelium in Whole-Mount Preparations," in the August Archives (1982;100:1308-1312), described a new staining technique (a combination of trypan blue and alizarin red S) for quantitative evaluation of corneal endothelial cells. The method was first described by us in Investigative Ophthalmology (1976;15:1000-1002).

Stainer, Gregory A.;Binder, Perry S.;Zavala, Edward Y.;Akers, Patti H.;Shaw, Edward L.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010487043

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract In Reply. —Our patient was first diagnosed as having keratoconus in 1962. This had advanced to keratoglobus by 1973. Following his right corneal transplant, the patient achieved 6/12 (20/40) visual acuity. Because of problems associated with a high-post keratoplasty astigmatism, central graft edema developed while the patient was wearing his contact lenses. At no time did the patient have evidence of diffuse epithelial pathologic characteristics. In our experience, this would be an example of a patient who would benefit from a relaxing corneal incision. One of us (P.S.B.) has performed 15 such procedures without any substantial effect on the anterior ocular surface.The surgeon in our case report (not one of the authors) was experienced in radial keratotomy at the time he performed the operation. Dr Thornton has stated that the use of a 2.5-mm optical zone is guaranteed to produce glare, flare, and halos. When this procedure was performed

Hughes, William F.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010497047

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract This encyclopedia of drug toxic effects is 130 pages longer than the first 1976 edition due to the addition of new drugs, deletion of a few older drugs, and considerable enlargement of ocular side effects as a result of information obtained from the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects during the past six years. The format is the same as that of the first edition—namely, the class, generic name, proprietary name, primary use, list of ocular side effects both from systemic and ocular administration, clinical importance of drugs, and interactions with other drugs. The list of ocular side effects would tend to create therapeutic nihilists, although this is ameliorated by following discussions of the incidence and importance of such complications. A 110-page index lists the drugs that cause each type of ocular side effect. Although not an ocular side effect, the ophthalmologist is certainly interested in the important systemic

Lunde, Mark W.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010497048

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract This book includes prominent contributors who present a comprehensive, concise, and current review of secondary glaucomas. Five major sections relate glaucoma to developmental disorders, ocular diseases, systemic diseases and drugs, inflammation and trauma, and ocular surgery. Each chapter describes the clinical picture of each type of glaucoma with historical background, classification, and diagnostic approach. Each type of glaucoma is correlated with associated ocular and systemic factors, with emphasis on current theories of pathogenesis. The management of each condition with the rationale for therapy is well defined. The bibliography is extensive and up-to-date. This book is a good reference for the practicing ophthalmologist, and organizes well a difficult area of glaucoma. Especially pertinent is the chapter on glaucomatous effects of many systemic and topical medications. All illustrations are black and white, but certain diseases would have been more clearly elucidated by color plates. Some gonioscopic and external photographs lack clarity and

Hughes, William F.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010497049

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The new editor of this year's publication has written an introduction describing the purpose of this book during the past 81 years, which is to cull out from more than 50 journals 250 or more articles that the editor considers significant advances in ophthalmology for the purposes of abstracting and commenting. Dr Ernest was kind in his comments on this reviewer's editorship for 22 years, and I am happy to find that the 1982 Year Book of Ophthalmology represents an improvement along the same general format. Introductions to each chapter by an authority in the particular field continue to be of high quality. It is possible to skim through the book and pick out those articles of special interest by reading the editor's comments. These consist of one-line summaries and comments on the importance of the article, relationship to previous work, and future prospects. Some of the current hot topics

Blodi, Frederick C.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010497046

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract This book is an update on the history of international ophthalmology presented by Professor François, who has been a member of the International Council all these years. The first part deals with the International Congresses from 1958 in Brussels up to the 1982 congress in San Francisco. Each congress is described in a few short paragraphs and illustrated with pictures, mainly of the president and the general secretary of the appropriate congress. The second part describes the International Council and lists its members up to the present time. The third part deals with the International Federation of Ophthalmological Societies and lists all the participating organizations. The final part discusses the recipients of the Gonin Medal during the last 25 years.

Kersten, Robert

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010498051

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract A comprehensive text dealing with ophthalmic surgery would be beneficial in the library of every resident and practitioner. This book contains sections by 12 prominent physicians with reputations for excellence in ophthalmic surgery. It was published with the intent, stated in the preface, to "bring together in one book those things the ophthalmic surgeon needs to know to practice his or her craft well," and has been largely successful in achieving this stated goal. The book is organized into two sections. The first section deals with general principles of ophthalmic surgery and contains seven chapters dealing with planning of the surgical procedure, fundamental surgical principles, instrumentation, sutures, and anesthesia—various topics that are applicable to all types of ophthalmic surgery. The second section consists of ten chapters each dealing with a specific subspecialty area of ophthalmic surgery. These include chapters on cataract surgery, corneal surgery, glaucoma, retinal detachment, retinal photocoagulation, vitrectomy,

Weingeist, Thomas A.

1983 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010498050

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Dominant exudative vitreoretinopathy (DEVR) is a rare ocular condition involving the vitreous and retina. Syneresis and liquefaction of the vitreous, preretinal membranes, and delicate white opacities represent the most common changes in the vitreous. Alterations in the retina include heterotopia of the macula, retinal neovascularization, subretinal and intraretinal exudation, and localized retinal detachment. Abrupt termination of the retinal vasculature in the temporal equatorial zone and nonperfusion of the peripheral retina are the most common findings and can be demonstrated by fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. Although DEVR bears a resemblance to the retinopathy of prematurity, it has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and is not associated with premature birth or postnatal oxygen treatment. Myopia is common in both diseases. This monograph is divided into three parts. Part 1 includes a brief description of the normal development and the anatomy of the peripheral retinal vasculature. Disturbances in the development of