Archives of Ophthalmology

Blodi, Frederick C.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040411001

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract San Francisco is the host city for the XXIV International Congress of Ophthalmology, which will convene Oct 31 through Nov 5, 1982. The history of these meetings goes back 125 years to the first congress held in Brussels. Their purpose was and continues to be to bring together ophthalmologists from around the world to exchange new ideas and information to advance the treatment of eye diseases. The board of directors of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, as part of their decision to organize and sponsor the congress, agreed to combine the annual meeting of the American Academy with the international congress. This effort will probably produce the largest gathering of ophthalmologists in history. Attendance is expected to reach 20,000 to 25,000. The Organizing Committee has requested abstracts of scientific papers, exhibits, or films be mailed so that they are received by Dec 15, 1981. Requests for abstract submission forms should

Heijl, Anders;Drance, Stephen M.;Douglas, Gordon R.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040412002pmid: 7425915

Abstract • The ability of fully automatic computerized perimetry to detect early glaucomatous field damage was compared with that of careful static and kinetic manual perimetry in a clinical study on 104 patients, 51 of whom had early glaucomatous field defects, 20 of whom were glaucoma suspects with no field defects, and 33 of whom were normal. The automatic perimeter used was the COMPETER automatic perimeter employing actual threshold measurements. The interpretation of the automatic fields followed a set of predetermined criteria. Fifty-one eyes had defects in the manual charts, 48 (94%) of which were detected by automatic perimetry using the central test point pattern of the perimeter. Two (4%) fields thought to be normal after manual perimetry were correctly found to be abnormal by the automatic perimeter, which yielded four (8%) false-positives in the normal fields. By using a different set of criteria for the interpretation of the automatic fields, the sensitivity could be increased to 98% of these early defects, but at the cost of 22% false-positives. References 1. Heijl A: Automatic perimetry in glaucoma visual field screening: A clinical study . Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 200:21-37, 1976.Crossref 2. Heijl A, Krakau CET: An automatic perimeter for glaucoma visual field screening and control: Construction and clinical cases . Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 197:13-23, 1975.Crossref 3. Armaly MF: Selective perimetry for glaucomatous defects in ocular hypertension . Arch Ophthalmol 87:518-524, 1972.Crossref 4. Heijl A, Krakau CET: A note on fixation during perimetry . Acta Ophthalmol 55:854-861, 1977.Crossref 5. Heijl A: Computer test logics for automatic perimetry . Acta Ophthalmol 55:837-853, 1977.Crossref 6. Krakau CET: Aspects on the design of an automatic perimeter . Acta Ophthalmol 56:389-405, 1978.Crossref

Quigley, Harry A.;Miller, Neil R.;George, Terry

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040416003pmid: 7425916

Abstract • To evaluate the usefulness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) appearance in the estimation of glaucomatous optic nerve damage, we examined 335 eyes of normal, glaucoma suspect, or glaucomatous patients. In eyes with field loss, 84% had NFL atrophy. In normal eyes, NFL atrophy was suspected in 3%. In glaucoma suspects, 13% of eyes had NFL defects. Defects in glaucoma suspect eyes were more often localized, compared with the diffuse atrophy found in eyes with visual field loss. The NFL abnormalities were seen in areas of the retina corresponding to the location of visual field defects with a high accuracy. The NFL examination is as sensitive in detecting eyes with field loss as the optic disc configuration and may help to identify which eyes are suffering optic nerve damage prior to field loss. References 1. Armaly MF: Ocular pressure and visual fields: A ten-year follow-up study . Arch Ophthalmol 81:25-40, 1969.Crossref 2. Graham PA: The definition of pre-glaucoma, a prospective study . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 88:153-165, 1968. 3. Perkins ES: The Bedford glaucoma survey: I. Long-term follow-up of borderline cases . Br J Ophthalmol 57:179-185, 1973.Crossref 4. Wilensky JT, Podos SM: Prognostic parameters in primary open angle glaucoma , in Anderson DR, Drance SM, Galin MA, et al (eds): Symposium on Glaucoma . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1975, pp 7-30. 5. Hart WM Jr, Yablonski M, Kass MA, et al: Multivariate analysis of the risk of glaucomatous visual field loss . Arch Ophthalmol 97:1455-1458, 1979.Crossref 6. Hoyt WF: Ophthalmoscopy of the retinal nerve fiber layer in neuroophthalmologic diagnosis . Aust J Ophthalmol 4:14-34, 1976.Crossref 7. Hoyt WF, Frisen L, Newman NM: Fundoscopy of the nerve fiber layer defects in glaucoma . Invest Ophthalmol 12:814-829, 1973. 8. Sommer A, Miller NR, Pollack I, et al: The nerve fiber layer in the diagnosis of glaucoma . Arch Ophthalmol 95:2149-2156, 1977.Crossref 9. Sommer A, Pollack I, Maumenee AE: Optic disc parameters and onset of glaucomatous field loss: I. Methods and progressive changes in disc morphology . Arch Ophthalmol 97:1444-1448, 1979.Crossref 10. Sommer A, Pollack I, Maumenee AE: Optic disc parameters and onset of glaucomatous field loss: II. Static screening criteria . Arch Ophthalmol 97:1449-1454, 1979.Crossref 11. Rock WJ, Drance SM, Morgan RW: A modification of the Armaly visual field screening technique for glaucoma . Can J Ophthalmol 6:283-292, 1971. 12. Miller NR, George T: Monochromatic (redfree) photography and ophthalmoscopy of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 17:1121-1124, 1978. 13. Schwartz JT: Methodologic differences and measurement of cup-disc ratio: An epidemiologic assessment . Arch Ophthalmol 94:1101-1105, 1976.Crossref 14. Kirsch RE, Anderson DR: Identification of the glaucomatous disc . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 77:143-156, 1973. 15. Susanna R, Drance SM, Douglas GR: Disc hemorrhages in patients with elevated intraocular pressure: Occurrence with and without field changes . Arch Ophthalmol 97:284-285, 1979.Crossref 16. Hitchings RA, Spaeth GL: The optic disc in glaucoma: I. Classification . Br J Ophthalmol 60:778-785, 1976.Crossref 17. Hoskins HD, Gelber EC: Optic disk topography and visual field defects in patients with increased intraocular pressure . Am J Ophthalmol 80:284-290, 1975. 18. Drance SM: Correlation between optic disc changes and visual field defects in chronic openangle glaucoma . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 81:224-226, 1976. 19. Harbin TS, Podos SM, Kolker AE, et al: Visual field progression in open-angle glaucoma patients presenting with monocular field loss . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 81:253-257, 1976. 20. Quigley HA, Green WR: The histology of human glaucoma cupping and optic nerve damage: Clinicopathologic correlation in 21 eyes. Ophthalmology, to be published. 21. Arden GB, Jacobson JJ: A simple grating test for contrast sensitivity: Preliminary results indicate value in screening for glaucoma . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 17:23-32, 1978. 22. Atkin A, Bodis-Wollner I, Wolkenstein M, et al: Abnormalities of central contrast sensitivity in glaucoma . Am J Ophthalmol 88:205-211, 1979.

Sinclair, Stephen H.;Pelham, Valerie;Giovanoni, Richard;Regan, Charles D. J.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040424004pmid: 7425917

Abstract • A mydriatic used for outpatient indirect ophthalmoscopy should produce prompt, maximal, transient mydriasis after a single instillation. Cycloplegia or systemic side effects should be minimal. A solution of tropicamide with phenylephrine hydrochloride seems to achieve this most effectively. In a general retina clinic population, the percentage of pupils dilated, the degree of dilation, and the resistance of the dilation to intense illumination were used to evaluate various concentrations of the drugs. Eight-tenths percent tropicamide with 5% phenylephrine adequately dilated 98.8% of the eyes, among which 25% had dark irides and 9% were receiving miotic therapy. Reduction of the concentration of either component produced less adequate mydriasis; an increase of the tropicamide concentration resulted in a saturated solution with drug precipitate forming on storage and a less adequate dilation. With the optimal combination, 1 drop adequately dilates the general population; 2 drops appear no more effective than 1. References 1. Duke-Elder S: The Foundation of Ophthalmology: Hereditary and Pathology, Diagnosis and Therapeutics . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1964, vol 7, pp 543-586. 2. Barber RF, Smith WO: A comparative study of mydriatic and cycloplegic agents: In human subjects without eye disease . Am J Ophthalmol 44:617-622, 1957. 3. Gambill HD, Ogle KN, Kearns TP: Mydriatic effect of four drugs determined with pupillograph . Arch Ophthalmol 77:740-746, 1967.Crossref 4. Havener WH: Ocular Pharmacology , ed 3. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1974, pp 232-255. 5. Gettes BC, Belmont O: Tropicamide: Comparative cycloplegic effects . Arch Ophthalmol 66:336-340, 1961.Crossref 6. Milder B: Tropicamide as a cycloplegic agent . Arch Ophthalmol 66:70-72, 1961.Crossref 7. Solosko D, Smith RB: Hypertension following 10% phenylephrine ophthalmic . Anesthesiology 36:187-189, 1972.Crossref 8. Mays WL: Statistics for the Social Sciences . New York, Holt Rinehart & Winston Inc, 1973, pp 740-742. 9. Kim JM, Stevenson CE, Mathewson HS: Hypertensive reactions to phenylephrine eyedrops in patients with sympathetic denervation . Am J Ophthalmol 85:862-868, 1978. 10. McReynolds WU, Havener WH, Henderson JW: Hazards of the use of sympathomimetic drugs in ophthalmology . Arch Ophthalmol 56:176-179, 1956.Crossref 11. Fraunfelder FT: Interim report: National registry of possible drug-induced ocular side effects . Ophthalmology 86:126-130, 1979.Crossref

Morin, J. Donald;Bryars, John H.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040427005pmid: 7425918

Abstract • Of 51 patients with congenital glaucoma, 13 had unilateral and 38 bilateral disease. Pressure was controlled at 8 to 24 mm Hg in 76 of the 89 affected eyes. Forty-one of these 76 eyes had visual acuity poorer than 6/15 (20/50); optic nerve damage as shown by visual field testing was the cause in 20, and medial opacities, including irregular corneal astigmatism, was the cause in 15. In only six eyes did the poor vision result from anisometropic amblyopia. References 1. Bryars JH: An Investigation of the Visually Handicapped Children in Northern Ireland, thesis, Belfast, 1977. 2. Richardson KT, Shaffer RN: Optic-nerve cupping in congenital glaucoma . Am J Ophthalmol 62:507-509, 1966. 3. Richardson KT Jr, Ferguson WJ Jr, Shaffer RN: Long-term functional results in infantile glaucoma . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 71:833-836, 1967. 4. Adler FH, in discussion, Richardson KT Jr, Ferguson WJ Jr, Shaffer RN: Long-term functional results in infantile glaucoma . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 71:836-837, 1967. 5. Scheie HG: The management of infantile glaucoma . Arch Ophthalmol 62:35-54, 1959.Crossref 6. Morin JD, Merin S, Sheppard RW: Primary congenital glaucoma: A survey . Can J Ophthalmol 9:17-28, 1974. 7. Maloley MA: The long-term results of occlusion therapy for amblyopia. Read before the annual meeting of the Canadian Ophthalmological Society (Orthoptics Section), Calgary, Alberta, June 5-7, 1977.

Mindel, Joel S.;Tavitian, Henry O.;Smith, Harry;Walker, Ethel C.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040429006pmid: 6893544

Abstract • In age-, race-, and sex-matched groups, the relative abilities of medrysone, fluorometholone, and dexamethasone phosphate to elevate intraocular pressure were compared in a masked manner. Compliance was controlled by drops being given by nursing personnel. The 18 male hospitalized volunteers received commercial preparations of one of the corticosteroids to each eye four times a day for six weeks. The relative ability of medrysone, fluorometholone, and dexamethasone phosphate to raise IOP was 1, 4, and 7.6, respectively. References 1. Mindel JS, Goldberg J, Tavitian HO: Similarity of the intraocular pressure response to different corticosteroid esters when compliance is controlled . Ophthalmology 86:99-107, 1979.Crossref 2. Drance SM, Scott S: A comparison of action of dexamethasone and medrysone on human intraocular pressure . Can J Ophthalmol 3:159-161, 1968. 3. Kazantzis M: Etude comparative de l'action de la dexamethasone et de la medrysone sur la tension oculaire et la resistance a l'ecoulement . Ann Oculist 206:127-132, 1973. 4. Podos SM, Krupin T, Asseff C, et al: Topically administered corticosteroid preparations: Comparison of intraocular pressure effects . Arch Ophthalmol 86:251-254, 1971.Crossref 5. Kitazawa Y: Increased intraocular pressure induced by corticosteroids . Am J Ophthalmol 82:492-495, 1976. 6. Becker B: Intraocular pressure response to topical corticosteroids . Invest Ophthalmol 4:198-205, 1965.

Talusan, Eduardo D.;Schwartz, Bernard;Wilcox, Lloyd M.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040431007pmid: 7425919

Abstract • A comparison of two or more disc fluorescein angiograms performed on separate occasions was done on 60 eyes of normal subjects and patients with ocular hypertension, primary open-angle glaucoma, and low-tension glaucoma. Clinically stable patients did not show any change in their disc angiographic filling patterns. Eyes that developed new visualfield defects with increased disc cupping and pallor correspondingly showed new absolute filling defects or areas of hypofluorescence. In those with established field defects, however, further changes in the visual field occurred without obvious changes in the disc fluorescein filling defect. Surgical lowering of intraocular pressure with or without decrease in disc cupping and pallor did not result in visible improvement of the disc angiographic pattern. Thus, the development of new visual-field defects is associated with changes of the circulation of the optic disc. References 1. Schwartz B: Primary open angle glaucoma , in Duane TD (ed): Clinical Ophthalmology . Hagerstown, Md, Harper & Row Publishers, 1976, pp 10-22. 2. Laatikainen L, Mantyla P: Effects of a fall in the intraocular pressure level on the peripappilary fluorescein angiogram in chronic open angle glaucoma . Acta Ophthalmol 52:625-633, 1974.Crossref 3. Spaeth GL: Fluorescein angiography: Its contribution towards understanding the mechanisms of visual loss in glaucoma . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 73:491-553, 1975. 4. Hayreh SS, Walker WM: Fluorescent fundus photography in glaucoma . Am J Ophthalmol 63:982-989, 1967. 5. Hitchings RA, Spaeth GL: Fluorescein angiography in glaucoma , in Cant CJ (ed): Vision and Circulation . London, Henry Kimpton Medical Publisher & Bookseller, 1976, pp 201-216. 6. Schwartz B, Rieser JC, Fishbein SL: Fluorescein angiographic defects of the optic disc in glaucoma . Arch Ophthalmol 95:1961-1974, 1977.Crossref 7. Fishbein SL, Schwartz B: Optic disc in glaucoma: Topography and extent of fluorescein filling defects . Arch Ophthalmol 95:1975-1978, 1977.Crossref 8. Tsukahara S, Nagatek S, Sugaya M, et al: Visual field defects, cup-disc ratio and fluorescein angiography in glaucomatous optic atrophy . Adv Ophthalmol 35:73-93, 1978. 9. Loebl M, Schwartz B: Fluorescein angiographic defects of the optic disc in ocular hypertension . Arch Ophthalmol 95:1980-1984, 1977.Crossref 10. Talusan ED, Schwartz B: Specificity of fluorescein angiographic defects of the optic disc in glaucoma . Arch Ophthalmol 95:2166-2175, 1977.Crossref 11. Tsukahara S: Hyperpermeable disc capillaries in glaucoma . Adv Ophthalmol 35:65-72, 1978. 12. Drance SM, Begg IS, Goldman H: Fluorescein angiography in the evaluation of focal circulatory ischemia of the optic nerve head in relation to the arcuate scotoma in glaucoma . Can J Ophthalmol 7:68-74, 1972. 13. Ben-Sira I, Loebl M, Schwartz B, et al: In vivo measurements of diffusion of fluorescein in the human optic disc nerve tissue , in Documenta Ophthalmologica Proceedings Series: International Symposium on Fluorescein Angiography . The Hague, W Junk Publishers, 1976, pp 311-314. 14. Spaeth GL: The Pathogenesis of Nerve Damage in Glaucoma: Contribution of Fluorescein Angiography . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1977. 15. Hayreh SS: Color and fluorescence of the optic disc . Ophthalmologica 165:100-108, 1975.Crossref

Ziemianski, Matthew C.;Lee, King Y.;Sabates, Felix N.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040440008pmid: 7191701

Abstract • A 15-year-old boy was seen initially with decreased vision in his left eye. Ophthalmoscopic examination showed numerous pigmented subretinal tracts with traction lines radiating to the fovea. Peripheral examination disclosed a maggot in the superior nasal quadrant of the vitreous. There was a hemorrhage emerging from the exit wound in the retina. Removal of the maggot was not indicated because there was no inflammation. References 1. Chandler AC: Diptera fly maggots and myiasis , in Introduction to Parasitology . New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1956, pp 742-771. 2. Anderson WB: Ophthalmomyiasis interna: Case report and review of the literature . Trans Am Acad Ophthal Otolaryngol 39:218-231, 1934. 3. Gass JDM, Lewis RA: Subretinal tracks in ophthalmomyiasis . Arch Ophthalmol 94:1500-1505, 1976.Crossref 4. Adda V: Uber einen fall von Ophthalmomyiasis . Ophthalmologica 118:1002-1009, 1949.Crossref 5. Hervouet F, Ballard, Donnot, et al: Un cas de myase "hypoderma bovis" a localisation intra-camerienne . Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 2:129-133, 1960. 6. Godde-Jolly D, Brumpt ML, Stofft P: Un cas d'ophthalmomyase "hypoderma bovis" de la chambre anteriere . Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 2:48-56, 1966. 7. Borgstrom F: Experimental Cochliomyia americana infestations . Am J Trop Med 18:395-411, 1938. 8. Fitzgerald CR, Rubin ML: Intraocular parasite destroyed by photocoagulation . Arch Ophthalmol 91:162-164, 1974.Crossref

Adam, Giora;Schwartz, Bernard

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040442009pmid: 7425920

Abstract • One hundred seventy-one optic disc fluorescein angiograms of glaucomatous, ocular hypertensive, and normal patients were studied for the occurrence of areas of hypofluorescence or absolute filling defects in the rim, wall, and floor of the optic cup using disc stereo photographs compared with the fluorescein angiogram. The frequencies of involvement of the rim, wall, and floor of the cup by filling defects were determined. The wall of the cup has a greater percentage of filling defects in subjects with glaucoma than in ocular hypertensive or in normal subjects. The floor of the cup has more filling defects in normal subjects than in those with glaucoma. The involvement of the wall of the cup increases with the degree of visual-field loss in glaucoma. We suggest that, in glaucoma, the effect of ocular pressure is greater on the wall of the cup than on the floor of the cup. References 1. Hayreh SS, Walker WM: Fluorescent fundus photography in glaucoma . Am J Ophthalmol 63:982-989, 1967. 2. Oosterhuis JA, Gortzak-Moorstein N: Fluorescein angiography of the optic disc in glaucoma . Ophthalmologica 160:331-353, 1970.Crossref 3. Begg IS, Drance SM, Goldman H: Fluorescein angiography in the evaluation of focal circulatory ischemia of the optic nervehead in relation to the arcuate scotoma in glaucoma . Can J Ophthalmol 7:68-74, 1972. 4. Spaeth G: Fluorescein angiography: Its contribution towards understanding the mechanisms of visual loss in glaucoma . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 73:491-553, 1975. 5. Schwartz B, Rieser JC, Fishbein SL: Fluorescein angiographic defects of the optic disc in glaucoma . Arch Ophthalmol 95:1961-1974, 1977.Crossref 6. Tsukahara S, Nagataki S, Sugaya M, et al: Visual field defects, cup-disc ratio and fluorescein angiography in glaucomatous optic atrophy . Adv Ophthalmol 35:73-93, 1978. 7. Loebl M, Schwartz B: Fluorescein angiographic defects of the optic disc in ocular hypertension . Arch Ophthalmol 95:1980-1984, 1977.Crossref 8. Evans PY, Shimizu K, Limaye S, et al: Fluorescein cineangiography of the optic nerve head . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 77:OP260-273, 1973. 9. Fishbein SL, Schwartz B: Optic disc in glaucoma: Topography and extent of fluorescein filling defects . Arch Ophthalmol 95:1975-1979, 1977.Crossref 10. Allen L: Ocular fundus photography . Am J Ophthalmol 57:13-28, 1964. 11. Donaldson DD: A new camera for stereoscopic fundus photography . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol 62:429-458, 1964. 12. Siegel S: Non-parametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences . New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1956. 13. Hitchings RA, Spaeth GL: Fluorescein angiography in glaucoma , in Cant CJ (ed): Vision and Circulation . London, Henry Kimpton, 1976, pp 201-216. 14. Hitchings RA, Spaeth GL: Fluorescein angiography in chronic simple and low-tension glaucoma . Br J Ophthalmol 61:126-132, 1977.Crossref 15. Henkind P, Levitzky M: Angioarchitecture of the optic nerve: I. The papilla . Am J Ophthalmol 68:979-986, 1969. 16. Henkind P, Levitzky M: Angioarchitecture of the optic nerve: II. Lamina cribrosa . Am J Ophthalmol 68:986-995, 1969. 17. Anderson DR, Braverman S: Reevaluation of the optic disk vasculature . Am J Ophthalmol 82:165-174, 1976. 18. Lieberman MF, Maumenee AE, Green WR: Histologic studies of the vasculature of the anterior optic nerve . Am J Ophthalmol 82:405-423, 1976. 19. Hayreh SS: Structure and blood supply of the optic nerve , in Heilmann K, Richardson KT (eds): Glaucoma: Conceptions of a Disease . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1978, pp 78-96. 20. Villaseca A: The impact of intraocular pressure on the glaucomatous disk . Arch Ophthalmol 67:769-772, 1962.Crossref 21. Potts AM: Some rationalizations on chronic open-angle glaucoma . Am J Ophthalmol 86:743-755, 1978. 22. Emery JM, Landis D, Paton D, et al: The lamina cribrosa in normal and glaucomatous human eyes . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 78:OP290-297, 1974.

Chandra, Suresh R.;Bresnick, George H.;Davis, Matthew D.;Miller, Steven A.;Myers, Frank

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040445010pmid: 6158936

Abstract • In eight patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy treated with focal photocoagulation for preretinal new vessels, recurrent preretinal new-vessel systems supplied from the choroid developed. Subsequent treatment in most cases failed to produce permanent obliteration of the new-vessels networks. References 1. Little HL, Zweng HC: Complications of argon laser retinal photocoagulation . Trans Pac Coast Oto-ophthalmol Soc 52:115-129, 1971. 2. Patz A, Maumenee AE, Ryan SJ: Argon laser photocoagulation: Advantages and limitations . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 75:569-579, 1971. 3. Zweng HC, Little HL, Hammond AH: Complications of argon laser photocoagulation . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 78:195-204, 1974. 4. Galinos SO, Asdourian GK, Woolf MB, et al: Choroido-vitreal neovascularization after argon laser photocoagulation . Arch Ophthalmol 93:524-530, 1975.Crossref 5. Galinos SO, McMeel JW, Trempe CL, et al: Chorioretinal anastomoses after argon laser photocoagulation . Am J Ophthalmol 82:241-245, 1976. 6. Benson WE, Townsend RE, Pheasant TR: Choriovitreal and subretinal proliferations: Complications of photocoagulation . Ophthalmology 86:283-289, 1979.Crossref 7. Goldberg MF: Bruch's membrane and vascular growth . Invest Ophthalmol 15:443-446, 1976. 8. Wolf ED, Goldberg MF: Chorioretinal anastomoses resulting from photocoagulation in monkeys. Read before the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology meeting in Sarasota, Fla, April-May, 1978. 9. Marshall J, Mellerio J: Histology of the formation of retinal laser lesions . Exp Eye Res 6:4-9, 1967.Crossref

Hayreh, Sohan Singh;Hayreh, Manmohindar Singh

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040452011pmid: 7425921

Abstract • A two-trunked central retinal vein (CRV) in the anterior part of the optic nerve may persist as a congenital abnormality in a certain proportion of humans. One of the two trunks, like the CRV, may get occluded in the optic nerve to produce hemi-CRV occlusion (hemi-CRVO). It is shown that hemi-CRVO is a distinct entity, clinically and pathogenetically closely related to CRVO, and unrelated to branch retinal vein occlusion because of fundamental differences between the two. Hemi-CRVO clinically presents as either venous stasis retinopathy (VSR) or as hemorrhagic retinopathy (HR), usually involving one half of the retina, although occasionally it may involve one third to two thirds of the retina. The clinical features of VSR and HR caused by hemi-CRVO are identical to those caused by CRVO. The primary object of this article is to identify hemi-CRVO, a not uncommon condition, and to describe its main clinical features. References 1. Jensen VA: Clinical studies of tributary thrombosis in the central retinal veins . Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 10:1-193, 1936. 2. Hill DW, Griffiths JD: The prognosis in retinal vein thrombosis . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 90:309-322, 1970. 3. Clemett RS, Kohner EM, Hamilton AM: The visual prognosis in retinal branch vein occlusion . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 93:523-535, 1973. 4. Kohner EM, Shilling JS: Retinal vein occlusion , in Rose FC (ed): Medical Ophthalmology . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1976, pp 391-429. 5. Mann I: The Development of the Human Eye . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1969, p 228. 6. Hayreh SS: A Study of the Central Artery of Retina in Human Beings in its Intraorbital and Intraneural Course, thesis. Panjab University, India, 1958. 7. Hayreh SS: The cilio-retinal arteries . Br J Ophthalmol 47:71-89, 1963.Crossref 8. Hayreh SS: So-called Central retinal vein occlusion: I. Pathogenesis, terminology, clinical features . Ophthalmologica 172:1-13, 1976.Crossref 9. Hayreh SS: Central retinal vein occlusion: Differential diagnosis and management . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 83:379-391, 1977. 10. Hayreh SS, van Heuven WAJ, Hayreh MS: Experimental retinal vascular occlusion: I. Pathogenesis of central retinal vein occlusion . Arch Ophthalmol 96:311-323, 1978.Crossref 11. Raitta C: Der Zentralvenen—und netzhautvenenverschluss . Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 83:1-123, 1965. 12. Hayreh SS, March W, Phelps CD: Ocular hypotony following retinal vein occlusion . Arch Ophthalmol 96:827-833, 1978.Crossref 13. Moore RF: Retinal Venous Thrombosis . New York, GP Putnam's Sons, 1924, pp 1-90. 14. Uhthoff W: Zu den arteriellen and venösen zirculationsstörungen der netzhaut . Ber Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges Heidel 46:63-76, 1925. 15. Hayreh SS: Central retinal vein occlusion , in Mausolf FA (ed): The Eye and Systemic Disease . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1980, pp 223-275. 16. Archer DB, Ernest JT, Newell FW: Classification of branch retinal vein obstruction . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 78:148-165, 1974. 17. Gutman FA, Zegarra H: Natural course of temporal retinal branch vein occlusion . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 78:178-194, 1974. 18. Michels RG, Gass JDM: Natural course of retinal branch vein obstruction . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 78:166-177, 1974. 19. Wise GH, Dollery CT, Henkind P: The Retinal Circulation . New York, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1971, p 356.

Lincoff, Harvey;Mardirossian, Jonathan;Lincoff, Andrew;Liggett, Peter;Iwamoto, Takeo;Jakobiec, Frederick

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040462012pmid: 7425922

Abstract • Three gases, perfluoromethane, perfluoroethane, and perfluoropropane (CF4, C2F6, and C, F8, respectively) were studied for their possible value as intravitreal tamponades in retinal surgery. The gases expand and have intraocular longevities that increase with the length of the carbon chain. A 0.4-cc injection of CF, remained in the eye six days, twice as long as an equivalent amount of air; C2F6 remained 16 days, more than four times as long as air; and C3F8 remained 28 days, nine times as long as air and four times as long as sulfur hexafluoride. References 1. Rosengren B: Results of treatment of detachment of the retina with diathermy and injection of air into the vitreous . Acta Ophthalmol 16:573-599, 1938.Crossref 2. Norton EWD: Intraocular gas in the management of selected retinal detachments . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 77:85-98, 1973. 3. Abrahms GW, Edelhauser HF, Aaberg TM, et al: Dynamics of intravitreal sulfur hexafluoride gas . Invest Ophthalmol 13:863-867, 1974. 4. Fineberg E, Machemer R, Sullivan P, et al: Sulfur hexafluoride in owl monkey vitreous cavity . Am J Ophthalmol 79:67-74, 1975. 5. Braker W, Mossman AL: Matheson Gas Data Book , ed 5. East Rutherford, NJ, Matheson Chemical Products, 1971. 6. Vygantes CM, Peyman GA, Daily MJ, et al: Octofluorocyclobutane and other gases for vitreous replacement . Arch Ophthalmol 90:235-236, 1973.Crossref 7. Miller KW, Patton WDM, Smith EB, et al: Physiochemical approaches to the mode of action of general anesthetics . Anesthesiology 36:339-351, 1972.Crossref 8. Urrets-Zavalia A, Maldonado A: The insufflation of Freon in vitreoretinal surgery . Mod Probl Ophthalmol 183:253-258, 1977. 9. Van Poznak A, Artusio JF Jr: Anesthetic properties of a series of fluorinated compounds: I. Fluorinated hydrocarbons . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2:363-373, 1960.Crossref 10. Fineberg E, Machemer R, Sullivan P: SF6 for retinal detachment surgery . Mod Probl Ophthalmol 12:173-176, 1974. 11. Schoch D, in discussion, Fineberg E, Machemer R, Sullivan P: SF6 for retinal detachment surgery . Mod Probl Ophthalmol 12:345, 1974.

Haller, Melvin L.;Brackup, Alvin H.;Shiffman, Felix

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040464013pmid: 7425923

Abstract • We describe a patient with the rare finding of intraorbital aerocele. The evaluation, including x-ray films and computerized tomographic scan, the differential diagnosis, and treatment are discussed. The uniqueness of such a lesion and its implications for ophthalmic and otolaryngologic surgery is emphasized. References 1. Pear BL, Sanders BB: Post traumatic intraorbital pneumatocele: A rare cause of unilateral exophthalmos . Br J Radiol 44:214-215, 1971.Crossref 2. McArthur LL: Pneumatocele of the cranium . JAMA 11:1418-1423, 1905.Crossref 3. Zizmor J, Fasano CV, Smith B, et al: Roentgenographic diagnosis of unilateral exophthalmos . JAMA 197:121-124, 1966.Crossref 4. Dandy WE: Pneumocephalus (intracranial pneumatocele or aerocele) . Arch Surg 12:949-982, 1926.Crossref 5. Horowitz M: Intracranial pneumatocele, an unusual complication following mastoid surgery . J Laryngol Otol 78:128-134, 1964.Crossref 6. Luckett WH: Air in the ventricles of the brain following a fracture of the skull . Surg Gynecol Obstet 17:237-241, 1913. 7. Stewart WH: Fracture of the skull with air in the ventricles . AJR 1:83-87, 1913.

Meyer, Kenneth T.;Baloh, Robert W.;Krohel, Gregory B.;Hepler, Robert S.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040466014pmid: 7425924

Abstract • Four patients with clinically localized lesions in the lateral medulla exhibited a tonic bias of their eyes toward the damaged side despite full extraocular movements. Each reported that his eyes were being pulled toward the involved side. Although the tonic bias was most prominent when fixation was inhibited, it also occurred with fixation and interfered with saccadic and smooth-pursuit eye movements. Saccades were hypometric when directed against the bias, whereas they were hypermetric when directed toward the side of the lesion. Smooth pursuit toward the intact side was severely impaired, whereas pursuit in the direction of the bias was normal or near normal. Lateropulsion of the eyes seems to be a unique sign of disease in the lateral medullary region of the brainstem. References 1. Wallenberg A: Acuite bulbäraffection (Embolie der art. cerebellar post. inf. sinistr.?) . Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 27:504-540, 1895. 2. Goodhart SP, Davision C: Syndrome of the posterior inferior and anterior inferior cerebellar arteries and their branches . Arch Neurol Psychiatr 35:501-524, 1936.Crossref 3. Bjerver K, Silferskiöld BP: Lateropulsion and imbalance in Wallenberg's syndrome . Acta Neurol Scand 44:91-100, 1968.Crossref 4. Kommerell G, Hoyt WF: Lateropulsion of saccadic eye movements . Arch Neurol 28:313-318, 1973.Crossref 5. Hörnsten G: Wallenberg's syndrome: II. Oculomotor and oculostatic disturbances . Acta Neurol Scand 40:447-468, 1964. 6. Frisén L: Lateropulsion of the eyes—a localizing brainstem sign . J Neurol 218:171-177, 1978.Crossref 7. Baloh RW, Honrubia V, Sills A: Eye-tracking and optokinetic nystagmus . Ann Otol 86:108-114, 1977. 8. Daroff RB, Troost BT: Supranuclear disorders of eye movements , in Duane TD (ed): Clinical Ophthalmology . New York, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1978, vol 2, chap 10, pp 3-4. 9. Daroff RB: Ocular motor manifestations of brainstem and cerebellar dysfunction , in Smith JL (ed): Neuro-ophthalmology . Hallandale, Fla, Huffman, 1970, vol 5, p 104. 10. Zee DS, Yee RD, Cogan DG, et al: Ocular motor abnormalities in hereditary cerebellar ataxia . Brain 99:207-234, 1976.Crossref 11. Hagstrom L, Hörnsten G, Silfverskiöld BP: Oculostatic and visual phenomena occurring in association with Wallenberg's syndrome . Acta Neurol Scand 45:568-582, 1969.Crossref 12. Bird AC, Sanders MD: Defects in supranuclear control of horizontal eye movements . Trans Ophthal Soc UK 90:417-432, 1970. 13. Fisher CM, Karnes WE, Kubik CS: Lateral medullary infarction—the pattern of vascular occlusion . J Neuropathol 20:323-379, 1969.Crossref

Richards, Alan B.;Skalka, Harold W.;Roberts, Floyd J.;Flint, Andrew

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040469015pmid: 7425925

Abstract • A patient with advanced renal failure and bilateral exophthalmos was found to have urinary obstruction caused by retroperitoneal fibrosis, as well as bilateral orbital pseudotumors. Pseudotumor of the orbit, especially when bilateral, has been associated with a wide variety of systemic conditions. Although the association of pseudotumor and retroperitoneal fibrosis is uncommon, any patient with bilateral orbital pseudotumor and renal insufficiency should be examined for the possible presence of a treatable urinary obstruction. References 1. Jakobiec FA, Jones IS: Orbital inflammation , in Duane TD (ed): Clinical Ophthalmology . Hagerstown, Md, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, vol 2, chap 35. 2. Walton EW: Pseudotumor of the orbit and polyarteritis nodosa . J Clin Pathol 12:419-426, 1959.Crossref 3. Cassan SM, Divertie MB, Hollenhorst RW, et al: Pseudotumor of the orbit and limited Wegener's granulomatosis . Ann Intern Med 72:687-693, 1970.Crossref 4. Duke-Elder S: System of Ophthalmology . St Louis, CV Mosby & Co, 1974, vol 13, pt 2. 5. Colley T: Case of inflammatory pseudotumour of the orbit . Br J Ophthalmol 19:93-95, 1935.Crossref 6. Rider JA, Dodson JW: Sarcoidosis: Report of case manifested by retrobulbar mass, proptosis, destruction of orbit and infiltration of sinuses . Am J Ophthalmol 33:117-120, 1950. 7. Dutcher TF, Fahey JL: The histopathology of the macroglobulinemia of Waldenström . J Natl Cancer Inst 22:887-917, 1959. 8. Gross P, Jacox HW: Eosinophilic granuloma and certain other reticulo-endothelial hyperplasia of bone . Am J Med Sci 203:673-687, 1942.Crossref 9. Lisman JV: Rheumatoid involvement of extraocular muscles . Arch Ophthalmol 42:410-415, 1949.Crossref 10. Comings DE, Skubi KB, Van Eyes J, et al: Familial multifocal fibrosclerosis . Ann Intern Med 66:884-892, 1967.Crossref 11. Hache L, Utz DC, Woolner LB: Idiopathic fibrosis retroperitonitis . Surg Gynecol Obstet 115:737-744, 1962. 12. Woolner LB, McConahey WM, Beahrs OH: Invasive fibrosis thyroiditis (Riedel's struma) . J Clin Endocrinol Metab 17:201-220, 1957.Crossref 13. Anderson SR, Seedorff HH, Halberg P: Thyroiditis with myxedema and orbital pseudotumor . Acta Ophthalmol 41:120-125, 1963.Crossref 14. Arnott EJ, Greaves DD: Orbital involvement in Riedel's thyroiditis . Br J Ophthalmol 49:1-5, 1965.Crossref 15. Bartholomew LG, Cain JC, Woolner LB, et al: Sclerosing cholangitis: Its possible association with Riedel's struma and fibrous retroperitonitis: Report of two cases . N Engl J Med 269:8-12, 1963.Crossref 16. Wenger J, Gingrinch GW, Mendeloff J: Sclerosing cholangitis: A manifestation of systemic disease . Arch Intern Med 116:509-514, 1965.Crossref 17. Hache L, Woolner LB, Bernatz PE: Idiopathic fibrosis mediastinitis . Dis Chest 41:9-25, 1962.Crossref 18. Graham JR: Methysergide for prevention of headache: Experience in 500 patients over three years . N Engl J Med 270:67-72, 1964.Crossref 19. Albarron J: Rétention rénale por perc urèterité: Libération externe de l'urètere . Assoc Fr Urol 9:511-520, 1905.

Van de Mosselaer, Guy;Van Deuren, Hubert;Dewolf-Peeters, Chris;Missotten, Luc

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040473016pmid: 7425926

Abstract • A case of myasthenia gravis in association with benign orbital pseudotumor of lymphoid origin is described. To our knowledge, this is the second report of such a case. References 1. Blodi FC, Gass JDM: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the orbit . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 71:303-322, 1967. 2. Henderson JW, Farrow GM: Orbital Tumors . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1973, pp 555-558. 3. Heersink B, Rodrigues MR, Flanagan JC: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the orbit . Ann Ophthalmol 9:17-22, 25-29, 1977. 4. Jellincek EH: The orbital pseudotumor syndrome and its differentiation from endocrine exophthalmos . Brain 92:35-58, 1969.Crossref 5. Garner A: Pathology of 'pseudotumors' of the orbit: A review . J Clin Pathol 26:639-648, 1973.Crossref 6. Zimmerman LE: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the orbit, discussion . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 71:322-323, 1967. 7. Blodi FC: Orbital Pseudotumor mit Thrombozytopenic und Myasthenie . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 170:397-400, 1977. 8. Cogan DG: Myasthenia gravis: A review of the disease and a description of lid twitch as a characteristic sign . Arch Ophthalmol 74:217-221, 1965.Crossref 9. Simpson JA: Myasthenia gravis: A new hypothesis . Scott Med J 419:436, 1960. 10. Ossoinig KC: Quantitative echography—the basis of tissue differentiation . JCU 2:33-46, 1974. 11. Ryan SJ, Zimmerman LE, King FM: Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia: An unusual form of intra-ocular pseudotumor . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 76:652-671, 1972. 12. Zimmerman LE: Lymphoid tumors , in Boniuk M (ed): Ocular and Adnexal Tumors, New and Controversial Aspects . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1964, pp 438-446. 13. Chavis RM, Garner A, Wright JE: Inflammatory orbital pseudotumor: A clinicopathologic study . Arch Ophthalmol 96:1817-1822, 1978.Crossref 14. Irvine WJ, Kalden JR: Muscle in allergic disease: Myasthenia gravis and polymyositis , in Gell PGH, Coombs RRA, Lachmann PJ (eds): Clinical Aspects of Immunology . Oxford, England, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1976, pp 1467-1507. 15. Osserman KE, Weiner LB: Studies in myasthenia gravis: Immunofluorescent tagging of muscle striations with antibody from sera of 256 myasthenia patients . Ann NY Acad Sci 124:730-743, 1965.Crossref 16. McFarlin DE, Johnson JS, Seymour WFK: Antimuscle factor and antinuclear factor in patients with myasthenia gravis: I. Heavy chain determinants . J Immunol 101:104-110, 1968. 17. Namba T, Grob D: Autoantibodies and myasthenia gravis with special reference to muscle ribonucleoprotein . Ann NY Acad Sci 135:606-628, 1966.Crossref

Sigelman, Jesse;Eisner, Georg

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040475017pmid: 7191702

Abstract • The treatment of peripheral retinal tears by laser photocoagulation is an accepted technique. One of its limitations is its difficulty in use near the ora serrata. The inability to treat the anterior border of a retinal tear may allow the tear to progress to clinical retinal detachment despite treatment of the tear's posterior and lateral borders. The use of a scleral indentation funnel at the time of laser photocoagulation permits the sealing of all margins of the break. This technique increases the number of retinal tears that can be treated by the laser, and it may improve the rate of success of photocoagulation of peripheral retinal tears. References 1. Lincoff HA, Kreissig I: The retinal adhesion after therman injury , in Pruett RC, Regan CDJ (eds): Retina Congress . New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1972, pp 597-610. 2. L'Esperance FA: Ocular Photocoagulation . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1975, pp 73-78. 3. Robertson OM, Norton EWD: Long-term follow up of treated retinal breaks . Am J Ophthalmol 75:395-404, 1973. 4. Eisner G: Biomicroscopy of the Peripheral Fundus: An Atlas and Textbook . New York, Springer Publishing Co Inc, 1973. 5. Fankhauser F, Lotmar W: Skleral indentation und photokoagulation . Acta Ophthalmol 48:253-260, 1970.Crossref 6. Linder B: Photocoagulation after Fankhauser and Lotmar: Some clinical experience with a new apparatus . Acta Ophthalmol 48:86-90, 1970.Crossref 7. Meyer-Schwiekerath G: Photocoagulation . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1960, p 45. 8. Geeraets WJ, Williams RC, Ham WT Jr, et al: Rate of blood flow and its effect on chorioretinal burns: Preliminary report . Arch Ophthalmol 68:58-61, 1962.Crossref 9. Foos RY: Tears of the peripheral retina; pathogenesis, incidence and classification in autopsy eyes . Mod Probl Ophthalmol 15:68-81, 1975.

Radius, Ronald L.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040477018pmid: 6775622

Abstract • Thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer is studied in the eyes of three primate species. Measurements are made at various points throughout the fundus, including the peripapillary, arcuate, macular (area centralis), equatorial, and peripheral parts of the retina. Anatomic findings are compared with the clinical appearance of retinal light reflexes in these eyes. It is proposed that the nature of this light reflex is, in part, determined by the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer. References 1. Hoyt WR, Schlicke B, Ecklehoff RJ: Funduscopic appearances of a nerve fiber bundle defect . Br J Ophthalmol 56:577-583, 1972.Crossref 2. Hoyt WR: Ophthalmoscopy of the retinal nerve fiber layer in neuro-ophthalmic diagnoses . Aust J Ophthalmol 3:14-34, 1976.Crossref 3. Hoyt WR, Frisen L, Neuman NM: Funduscopy of the nerve fiber layer defects in glaucoma . Invest Ophthalmol 12:814-829, 1975. 4. Sommer A, Miller NR, Pollack I, et al: The nerve fiber layer in the diagnosis of glaucoma . Arch Ophthalmol 95:2149-2156, 1977.Crossref 5. Radius RL, Anderson DR: The histology of retinal nerve fiber layer bundles and bundle defects . Arch Ophthalmol 97:948-950, 1979.Crossref 6. Radius RL, Anderson DR: The course of axons through the retina and optic nerve head . Arch Ophthalmol 97:1154-1158, 1979.Crossref 7. Saltzmann JM: The Anatomy and Histology of the Human Eye Bail in the Normal State , Brown EVL (trans). Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1912, pp 76-79. 8. Hogan B, Zimmerman L: Ocular Pathology . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1969, pp 471, 474. 9. Fuchs E: Beiträge zur normalen Anatomie des Augapfels . Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Ophthalmol 30:1-60, 1884.Crossref 10. Fine BS, Yanoff M: Ocular Histology . New York, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1972, p 91. 11. Polyak I: The Retina . Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1941. 12. Walsh FB, Hoyt WF: Clinical Neuroophthalmology . Baltimore, WB Saunders Co, 1969, pp 8, 44, 45. 13. Sears ML: Visual field loss in glaucoma . Am J Ophthalmol 3( (pt 1) ):492, 1979.

Minckler, Don S.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040482019pmid: 6158937

Abstract • Horseradish peroxidase was injected into various areas of the optic disc of monkeys to label retrograde axoplasmic transport and permit identification and mapping of ganglion cells projecting through the areas of injection. Peripheral ganglion cell axons project through the deeper layers of the peripapillary nerve fiber layer (NFL) and enter the peripheral optic nerve. Peripapillary ganglion cell axons project through those coming from peripheral locations to superficial positions in the NFL, then to the central optic nerve. The Bjerrum portion of the optic nerve head includes approximately the central 30° of the superior and inferior temporal quadrants of the disc. The course of nerve fiber bundles corresponding to those most susceptible to glaucoma (Bjerrum area) is regularly and predictably organized horizontally and vertically in the nerve head. References 1. Wolff E, Penman GG: The position occupied by the peripheral retinal fibers in the nerve-fiber layer and the nerve head , in XVI Concilium Ophthalmologicum, Acta . London, British Medical Association, 1951, pp 625-635. 2. Hoyt WF, Luis O: Visual fiber anatomy in the infrageniculate pathway of the primate: Uncrossed and crossed retinal quadrant fiber projections studied with Nauta silver stain . Arch Ophthalmol 68:94-106, 1962.Crossref 3. Hoyt WF: Anatomic considerations of arcuate scotomas associated with lesions of the optic nerve and chiasm: A Nauta axon degeneration study in the monkey . Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 3:57-71, 1962. 4. Vrabec FR: The temporal raphe of the human retina . Am J Ophthalmol 62:926-938, 1966. 5. Ogden TE: The nerve-fiber layer of the primate retina: An autoradiographic study . Invest Ophthalmol 13:95-100, 1974. 6. Kreiger AF, Straatsma BR, Pettit TH: Stereotaxic micromanipulation: A system for ophthalmic surgery . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 79:596-602, 1975. 7. LaVail JH: The retrograde transport method . Fed Proc 34:1618-1624, 1975. 8. Van der Hoeve J: Die Bedeutung des Gesischtsfeldes fur die Kenntnis des Verlaufs und der Sehnervenfasern in der Netzhaut . Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 102:184-188, 1920.Crossref 9. Radius RL, Anderson DR: The course of axons through the retina and optic nerve head . Arch Ophthalmol 97:1154-1158, 1979.Crossref 10. Minckler DS, Bunt AH, Johanson GW: Orthograde and retrograde axoplasmic transport during acute ocular hypertension in the monkey . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 16:426-441, 1977.

Unsöld, Renate;Hoyt, William F.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040489020pmid: 7425927

Abstract • Cross sections of the orbital portion of the optic nerve, the decussating fibers of which underwent atrophy, have a distinctive histologic pattern. Distally, from the eyeball to the midportion of the optic nerve, this pattern of atrophy consists of a broad-based nasal and a narrow-based temporal sector that form a horizontal band. Proximally, near the optic canal, the pattern changes. The atrophic bundles occupy the nasal and central portions of the optic nerve only. References 1. Hoyt WF, Rios-Montenegro EN, Behrens MM, et al: Homonymous hemioptic hypoplasia: Fundoscopic features in standard and red-free illumination in three patients with congenital hemiplegia . Br J Ophthalmol 56:537-545, 1972.Crossref 2. Hoyt WF, Kommerell G: Der Fundus oculi bei homonymer Hemianopie . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 162:456-464, 1973. 3. Hoyt WF: Ophthalmoscopy of the retinal nerve fiber layer in neuro-ophthalmologic diagnosis . Aust J Ophthalmol 4:14-34, 1976.Crossref

Krupin, Theodore;Feitl, Marianne;Becker, Bernard

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040491021pmid: 7425928

Abstract • Prazosin hydrochloride, a systemic antihypertensive agent, lowers intraocular pressure when applied topically to normal rabbit eyes. A 0.01% solution of topically administered prazosin did not alter outflow facility, episcleral venous pressure, systemic blood pressure, or ocular blood flow. Tonography suggested a 27% decrease in the rate of aqueous humor formation two hours following topical administration. Posterior chamber aqueous ascorbate levels were increased following topical administration of prazosin, which also suggested a decreased entry rate of water into the eye. The effect of prazosin on IOP was prevented by systemic pretreatment with phentolamine mesylate, an α-adrenergic blocking agent, but not by propranolol hydrochloride or atropine sulfate. This was consistent with the known action of prazosin as a postsynaptic αadrenergic blocking agent. References 1. Brogden RN, Heel RC, Speight TM, et al: Prazosin: A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in hypertension . Drugs 14:163-197, 1977.Crossref 2. Cambridge D, Davey MJ, Massingham R: Prazosin, a selective antagonist of post-synaptic a-adrenoreceptors . Br J Pharmacol 59:514-515, 1977. 3. Smith BR, Murray DL, Leopold IH: Influence of topically applied prazosin on the intraocular pressure of experimental animals . Arch Ophthalmol 97:1933-1936, 1979.Crossref 4. Podos SM, Minas TF, Macri FJ: A new instrument to measure episcleral venous pressure: Comparison of normal eyes and eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma . Arch Ophthalmol 80:209-213, 1968.Crossref 5. Alm A, Bill A: Ocular and optic nerve blood flow at normal and increased intraocular pressure in monkeys (Macaca irus): A study with radioactively labelled microspheres including flow determinations in brain and some other tissues . Exp Eye Res 15:15-29, 1973.Crossref 6. Krupin T, Podos SM, Becker B: Alteration of intraocular pressure after third ventricle injections of osmotic agents . Am J Ophthalmol 76:948-952, 1973. 7. Becker B: The effects of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide, on the composition of the aqueous humor . Am J Ophthalmol 40( (pt 2) ):129-136, 1955. 8. Kinsey VE, Palm E: Posterior and anterior chamber aqueous humor formation . Arch Ophthalmol 53:330-344, 1955.Crossref 9. Doxey JC, Smith CFC, Walker JM: Selectivity of blocking agents for presynaptic and postsynaptic α-adrenoreceptors . Br J Pharmacol 60:91-96, 1977.Crossref 10. Oates HF, Graham RM, Stoker LM, et al: Haemodynamic effects of prazosin . Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 224:239-247, 1976. 11. Zimmerman TJ, Kaufman HE: Timolol: Dose response and duration of action . Arch Ophthalmol 95:601-604, 1977.Crossref 12. Leopold IH, Murray DL: Ocular hypotensive action of labetalol . Am J Ophthalmol 88:427-431, 1979.

Ianacone, David C.;Felberg, Norman T.;Federman, Jay L.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040495022pmid: 7425929

Abstract • Aliquots of normal human plasma that had been incubated with tritiated fluorescein were examined for radioactive binding to proteins. Samples were fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and gel filtration. Aliquots removed between zero time and two hours showed no specific radioactive binding peaks by either method. Tritiated fluorescein ran well ahead of all proteins at all times on PAGE and well after the protein eluted from a fractionating column (Sephadex G-75). Ten minutes after intravenous injections, PAGE of plasma from three patients undergoing fluorescein angiography with nonradioactive dye showed the only fluorescent band migrating ahead of all protein bands. These methods failed to demonstrate specific binding of tritiated fluorescein to normal human plasma proteins. We conclude that during angiography, fluorescein exists in plasma as an unbound molecule or is so weakly associated with plasma proteins as to be undetectable by the methods used. References 1. Novotny HR, Alvis DL: A method of photographing fluorescence in circulating blood in the human retina . Circulation 24:82-86, 1961.Crossref 2. Gass JDM: Stereoscopic Atlas of Macular Disease: A Funduscopic and Angiographic Presentation . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1970, p 29. 3. Gass JDM: Differential Diagnosis of Intraocular Tumors: A Stereoscopic Presentation . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1974. 4. Hyvarinen L, Maumenee AE: Interpretation of choroidal fluorescence , in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Fluorescein Angiography . New York, S Karger AG, 1969, pp 183-188. 5. Archer D, Krill AE, Newell FW: Fluorescein studies of normal choroidal circulation . Am J Ophthalmol 69:543-554, 1970. 6. Schatz H: Fundus Fluorescein Angiography: A Composite Slide Collection . New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1975. 7. Federman JL: Fluorescein angiography , in Duane TD (ed): Clinical Ophthalmology . Hagerstown, Md, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1976, vol 4, chap 33. 8. Federman JL: Fluorescein Angiography: Basic Concepts, videotape . San Francisco, American Academy of Ophthalmology, 1975. 9. Yannuzzi LA, Gitter KA, Schatz H: The Macula: A Comprehensive Text and Atlas . Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1979. 10. Grayson MC, Laties AM: Ocular localization of sodium fluorescein: Effects of administration in rabbit and monkey . Arch Ophthalmol 85:600-603, 1971.Crossref 11. Ota M, Tsukahara I: Fluorescein microscopic studies on fundus fluorescein angiography . Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jpn 75:1856-1862, 1971. 12. Maeda H, Ishida N, Kawachi H, et al: Reaction of fluorescein isothiocyanate with proteins and amino acids: I. Covalent and noncovalent binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate and fluorescein to proteins . J Biochem 65:777-783, 1969. 13. Webb JM, Fonda M, Brouwer EA: Metabolism and excretion patterns of fluorescein and certain halogenated fluorescein dyes in rats . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 137:141-147, 1962. 14. Laurence DJR: A study of the absorption of dyes on bovine serum albumin by the method of polarization of fluorescence . Biochem J 51:168-180, 1952. 15. Archer DB: Fluorescein angiography , in Krill AE (ed): Hereditary Retinal and Choroidal Disease . Hagerstown, Md, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1972, vol 1, pp 73-187. 16. Arroyave CM, Wolbers R, Ellis PP: Plasma complement and histamine changes after intravenous administration of sodium fluorescein . Am J Ophthalmol 87:474-479, 1979. 17. Chazan BI, Bolodimos MC, Konce L: Untoward effects of fluorescein retinal angiography in diabetic patients . Ann Ophthalmol 3:42-49, 1971. 18. Anker HS: A solubilizable acrylamide gel for electrophoresis . FEBS Lett 7:293, 1970.Crossref 19. Chrambach A, Reisfeld RA, Wyckoff M, et al: A procedure for rapid and sensitive staining of proteins fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis . Anal Biochem 20:150-154, 1967.Crossref 20. Cunha-Vaz JG, Maurice DM: The active transport of fluorescein by the retinal vessels and the retina . J Physiol 191:467-486, 1967. 21. Burns-Bellhorn MS, Bellhorn RW, Benjamine JV: Anterior segment permeability to fluorescein-labeled dextrans in the rat . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 17:857-862, 1978. 22. Cunha-Vaz J: The blood-ocular barriers . Surv Ophthalmol 23:279-296, 1979.Crossref 23. Cunha-Vaz JG, Abreu JRF, Campos AJ, et al: Early breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in diabetics . Br J Ophthalmol 59:649-656, 1976.Crossref

Lincoff, Andrew;Haft, David;Liggett, Peter;Reifer, Cyril

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040498023pmid: 7425930

Abstract • The intraocular expansion of perfluoromethane (CF4), perfluoroethane (C2F6), and perfluoropropane (C3F8) was determined by a direct method for measuring intravitreal gas. A bubble of CF4 was found to expand 1.9 times the volume initially injected; C2F6 expanded 3.3 times; C3F8 expanded four times. The expansion characteristics of the experimental gases were compared with those of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and octofluorocyclobutane (C4F8), two gases already in clinical use. References 1. Parver L, Lincoff H: Mechanics of intraocular gas . Invest Ophthalmol 17:77-79, 1978. 2. Fineberg E, Machemer R, Sullivan P, et al: Sulfurhexafluoride in owl monkey vitreous cavity . Am J Ophthalmol 79:67-74, 1975.

Schirmer, Kurt E.;Kratky, Vladimir

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040499024pmid: 7425931

Abstract • Goldmann's chronoscopy, a form of time-based photogrammetry of the optic disc, can be accomplished by repeated simultaneous stereophotography. The variations in centration and image orientation are nulled by azimuthal rotation and fusion of two pairs of stereophotographs taken at separate times. References 1. Goldmann H, Lotmar W: Rapid detection of changes in the optic disc: Stereo-chronoscopy . Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 202:87-99, 1977.Crossref 2. Goldmann H, Lotmar W: Rapid detection of changes in the optic disc: Stereochronoscopy: II. Evaluation technique, influence of some physiologic factors, and follow-up of a case of choked disc . Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 205:263-277, 1978.Crossref 3. Schirmer KE: Photogrammetric der Sehnervenpapille . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 164:688-696, 1974. 4. Schirmer KE: Instamatic photogrammetry . Can J Ophthalmol 9:81-88, 1974. 5. Lotmar W, Goldmann H, Brueckner R: Zur Bestimmung zeitlicher Veraenderungen der Papille . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 173:480-486, 1978.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040502026

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Conference. —The fall conference of the Jacksonville Florida Society of Ophthalmology will be held at the Amelia Island Plantation, Sept 27-28, 1980. For further information contact Dr Richard L. Simmons, Duval County Society of Ophthalmology, 515 Lomax St, Jacksonville, FL 32204. Neuro-ophthalmology Seminar. —A seminar on neuro-ophthalmology will be held Sunday, Oct 5,1980, from 8 AM to 5 PM at the Mercy-Baptist Eye Foundation, St Louis. For further information, contact Eye Seminars, 621 S New Ballas Rd, Suite 343, St Louis, MO 63141. New Jersey Academy Meeting. —The annual fall meeting of the New Jersey Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology will be held Oct 22, 1980, at the Town and Campus in West Orange, NJ. The following speakers will participate: Harvey Lincoff, MD; Henry Hirschman, MD; Philip Knapp, MD; Charles Schepens, MD; Richard Troutman, MD; and Anthony R. Caputo, MD. For further information, contact the New Jersey Academy of Ophthalmology

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040502025

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.

Sheets, John H.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040508029

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract In Reply. —In response to Drs Verne and Cleasby, I would like to say that I cannot agree with them more. We are hoping to point out that an operation as simple as a discission may not always be that simple, and that one should be prepared to face such complications when they occur. I believe that with very careful observation, once knowing the possibility of the vitreous wick syndrome, one can take steps as need be when it does occur. Certainly 99% + of the discissions can well be done without difficulty and without the necessity of this vitreous instrumentation. As an anterior segment surgeon, however, one must be prepared to undertake the necessary vitreous surgery or have it done elsewhere immediately.

Meyers, Elsie F.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040508031

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor. —Patients having eye surgery with local anesthesia commonly harbor misconceptions that result in mental and physical manifestations of anxiety. These misconceptions are that there will be "shots" into the eye, that the eye will see its operation being performed, and that the eye will be taken from its orbit for the surgery, then put back in place.These ideas often persist after completion of eye surgery and are passed on to others. Even physician patients have been noted to believe the first two ideas. I recently observed my first patient in whom all three misconceptions were present, even after routine studies and reassurance by the ophthalmologist and anesthesiologist. Reviewing these misconceptions should be a routine part of a patient's preparation for eye surgery with local anesthesia.

Olson, E. Rule;Ivy, H. Berry

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040508030pmid: 7425932

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor. —Stimulated by the investigation of Alon P. Winnie, MD, of the Abraham Lincoln School of Medicine, Chicago, a total of 27 patients with trigeminal herpes zoster were treated by a bupivacaine (Marcaine) block of the ipsilateral stellate ganglion. Eighteen of these patients were adequately followed up and described by ophthalmologists for comment. All 18 patients received pain relief that ranged from dramatic and lasting relief of all dysesthesia (14 patients) to some discomfort and paresthesia of the affected area persisting for several weeks (four patients). Four patients had recurrence of pain after initial relief. Two patients were re-treated and received lasting pain relief. Of the nine cases of observed iritis, four cleared within six days of the first treatment. Secondary glaucoma followed the course of the iritis. Corneal opacities seemed relatively unaffected by treatment. Vesicular skin lesions dried more quickly than those of previously observed, untreated

Sommer, Alfred

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040508027pmid: 7425933

Abstract To the Editor. —The report by Smolin et al (Archives 97:2181-2183, 1979) on the beneficial effect of vitamin A in herpes keratitis in (presumably nondeficient) rabbits is intriguing. Nonetheless, their suggestion that the same dose extrapolated to humans "would probably not be toxic" is in error. The proverbial 70-kg man is 28 times the weight of their rabbits, suggesting a dose of nearly 3 million IU/day. Oil-miscible preparations of this size, taken orally, have caused acute toxicity even in full-grown adults.1-3 Water-miscible parenteral preparations of the sort used by Smolin et al lead to still higher serum vitamin A levels and are likely to be far more toxic.4,5 Massive parenteral doses of vitamin A are clearly nonphysiologic; the amount converted to retinol and attached to retinol-binding protein (holo-RBP) will represent only a tiny fraction of the circulating vita References 1. Nater JP, Doeglas HMG: Halibut liver poisoning in 11 fishermen . Acta Derm Venereol 50:109-113, 1970. 2. Frey JR, Schock MA: Therapeutic trials in psoriasis with vitamin A: Hypervitaminosis . Dermatologica 104:80-86, 1952.Crossref 3. Furman KI: Acute hypervitaminosis A in an adult . Am J Clin Nutr 26:575-577, 1973. 4. Srikantia S, Reddy V: Effect of a single massive dose of vitamin A on serum and liver levels of the vitamin . Am J Clin Nutr 23:114-118, 1970. 5. Sommer A, Muhilal, Tarwotjo I, et al: Oral versus intramuscular vitamin A in the treatment of xerophthalmia . Lancet 1:557-559, 1980.Crossref

Verne, Allen Z.;Cleasby, Gilbert

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040508028pmid: 7425934

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor. —The article by Sheets and Freidberg (Archives 98:327,1980) entitled "Vitreous Wick Syndrome Following Discission of the Posterior Capsule" serves to emphasize the possibility of vitreous disturbance and attendant problems resulting from needle discission of the posterior capsule. It is our belief that a surgeon who performs anterior segment procedures involving the risk of vitreous disturbance should have vitreous surgery instruments available and the capability (or an assistant with the capability) of using them appropriately. Clearance of the anterior segment of any vitreous encountered can correct or avoid a number of problems. Use of a vitreous surgery instrument as the primary means of creating an opening in the posterior capsule can also be a useful means of avoiding such problems.

1980 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040538032

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.