Archives of Ophthalmology

Coleman, D. Jackson;Jack, Robert L.;Franzen, Louise A.;Werner, Sidney C.

1972 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1972.01000030467001pmid: 4678282

Abstract Graves' disease is the most common cause of unilateral exophthalmos, and is by far the most common cause of bilateral exophthalmos. The present ultrasonographic study is based on a series of 20 patients with eye changes of Graves' disease, classes 1 through 6. The B-scan ultrasonographic findings in this condition have not been previously described. B-scan ultrasonography can often demonstrate the inflammatory changes which occur in orbital fat and extraocular muscles in active eye changes of Graves' disease, allowing differentiation from expanding orbital neoplastic lesions and obviating the need for orbital biopsy. References 1. Naffziger HC: Pathologic changes in the orbit in progressive exophthalmos . Arch Ophthal 9:1, 1933.Crossref 2. Ruedemann AD: Exophthalmos . Cleveland Clin Quart 7:66, 1937.Crossref 3. Mulvaney JH: Exophthalmos of hyperthyroidism: A differentiation in mechanism, pathology, symptomatology and treatment of two varieties . Amer J Ophthal 27:589; 693; 820, 1944. 4. Brain R: Pathogenesis and treatment of endocrine exophthalmos . Lancet 1:109, 1959.Crossref 5. Werner SC: Classification of the eye changes of Graves' disease . J Clin Endocr 29:982, 1969.Crossref 6. Reese AB: Tumors of the Eye , ed 2. New York, Harper & Row, Publishers Inc., 1963. 7. Coleman DJ, Konig WF, Katz L: A hand-operated ultrasound scan system for ophthalmic evaluation . Amer J Ophthal 68:256, 1969. 8. Coleman DJ, Jack RL, Franzen L: High resolution B-scan ultrasonography of the orbit: I. The normal orbit . Arch Ophthal 88:358-367, 1972.Crossref 9. Coleman DJ: Reliability of ocular and orbital diagnosis with B-scan ultrasound: II. Orbital diagnosis. Amer J Ophthal, to be published. 10. Werner SC: Ocular manifestations of hyperthyroidism: Introduction , in Werner SC, Ingbar SH (eds.): The Thyroid , ed 3. New York, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1971. 11. Means JH: The Thyroid and Its Diseases , ed 2. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Co., 1946. 12. Kroll AJ, Kuwabara T: Dysthyroid ocular myopathy . Arch Ophthal 76:244, 1966.Crossref 13. Day R: " Ocular manifestations of hyperthyroidism: Clinical and pathological manifestations ," in Werner SC, Ingbar SH (eds.): The Thyroid , ed 3. New York, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1971.

Coleman, D. Jackson;Jack, Robert L.;Jones, Ira Snow;Franzen, Louise A.

1972 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1972.01000030474002pmid: 4634784

Abstract Orbital pseudotumors are an important cause of unilateral exophthalmos and a significant cause of bilateral exophthalmos. These chronic inflammatory processes may cause focal orbital lesions, diffuse inflammation of normal orbital tissues, or both. The present report is based on a series of 35 proven cases of pseudotumor of the orbit, and describes the B-scan ultrasonographic appearance of the orbit in this condition. The presence of an orbital pseudotumor as a cause of exophthalmos is suggested by certain clinical features, but these are not diagnostic. B-scan ultrasonography can often demonstrate the presence of an orbital mass lesion or inflammatory edema of normal orbital structures, or both, in suspected cases of orbital pseudotumor, and can aid the clinician in management of these difficult problems. References 1. Blodi FC, Gass JDM: Inflammatory pseudotumors of the orbit . Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 71:303, 1971. 2. Reese AB: Tumors of the Eye , ed 2. New York, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1963. 3. Jackson H: Pseudotumor of the orbit . Brit J Ophthal 42:212, 1958.Crossref 4. Jolinson WA, Christensen RO: Pseudotumor of the orbit . Amer J Ophthal 61:334, 1966. 5. Coleman DJ, Jack RL, Franzen L, et al: High resolution B-scan ultrasonography of the orbit: V. Eye changes of Graves' disease . Arch Ophthal 88:465-471, 1972.Crossref 6. Coleman DJ, Konig WF, Katz L: A hand-operated ultrasound scan system for ophthalmic evaluation . Amer J Ophthal 68:256, 1969. 7. Coleman DJ, Jack RL, Franzen L: High resolution B-scan ultrasonography of the orbit: I. The normal orbit . Arch Ophthal 88:358-367, 1972.Crossref 8. Coleman DJ: Reliability of ocular and orbital diagnosis with B-scan ultrasound: II. Orbital diagnosis. Amer J Ophthal, to be published. 9. Gorduren A: Orbital myositis associated with acute sclerotenonitis . Brit J Ophthal 46:568-572, 1962.Crossref 10. Coleman DJ, Carroll FD: A new technique for evaluation of optic neuropathy. Trans Amer Ophthal Soc, to be published. 11. Hogan MJ, Zimmerman LE: Ophthalmic Pathology. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1962, p 763. 12. Coleman DJ, Jack RL, Franzen L: High resolution B-scan ultrasonography of the orbit: III. Lymphomas of the orbit . Arch Ophthal 88:375-379, 1972.Crossref

Gottlieb, Fred

1972 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1972.01000030483003pmid: 4634785

Abstract A group of patients is described in whom choroidal detachment was superimposed on retinal detachment. The prominent external signs are severe iritis and profound hypotony. The configuration of the choroidal detachment is variable, and changes in the course of several days. As the choroidal detachment subsides, the retinal detachment increases. The necessity for careful diagnonosis, and the frequency of misdiagnoses, are stressed. Definitive surgery should be postponed until the choroidal fluid has cleared, but even then the prognosis for reattachment is poorer than in uncomplicated retinal detachment. References 1. Hawkins WR, Schepens CL: Choroidal detachment and retinal surgery . Am J Ophthalmol 62:813-819, 1966. 2. Sears ML: Choroidal and retinal detachment associated with scleritis . Am J Ophthalmol 58:764-766, 1964. 3. McDonald PR, de la Paz V, Sarin LK: Nonrhegmatogenous retinal separation associated with choroidal detachment . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 62:226-247, 1964. 4. Preisler E: Spontaneous choroidal detachments Acta Ophthalmol 42:657-664, 1964.Crossref 5. Graham PA: Unusual evolution of retinal detachments . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 78:359-371, 1958. 6. Hertz V: Choroidal detachment with notes on scleral depression and pigmented streaks in the retina . Acta Ophthalmol , (suppl 41) , 1-256, 1954. 7. Schepens CL, Brockhurst RJ: Massive uveal effusion . Arch Ophthalmol 70:189-201, 1963.Crossref 8. Ferry AP: Lesions mistaken for malignant melanoma of the posterior uvea . Arch Ophthalmol 72:463-469, 1964.Crossref 9. Bard LA: Eyes with choroidal detachments removed for suspected melanoma . Arch Ophthalmol 73:320-323, 1965.Crossref 10. Reese AB: Tumors of the Eye and Orbit , ed 2. New York, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1963, p 280. 11. Rones B, Zimmerman LE: Unusual choroidal hemorrhage simulating malignant melanoma . Arch Ophthalmol 70:30-32, 1963.Crossref 12. Kreiger AE, Meyer D: Smith TR, et al: Metastatic carcinoma to the choroid with choroidal detachment . Arch Ophthalmol 82:209-213, 1969.Crossref 13. Langham M, Regan CDJ: Circulatory changes associated with onset of primary retinal detachment . Arch Ophthalmol 81:820-829, 1969.Crossref 14. Duke-Elder S: System of Ophthalmology . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1966, vol 9, p 939. 15. Dobree JH: The nature of choroidal detachment fluid . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 81:113-123, 1962.

Robinson, Thomas R.;Gitter, Kurt A.

1972 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1972.01000030489004pmid: 4634786

Abstract Five consecutive cases of multiple serous detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) characterized by multiple discrete parafoveal retinal pigment epithelial detachments, with or without neurosensory detachment of the retina, atrophy of the overlying RPE, and characteristic angiographic findings are described. We believe that this entity is an early stage of the syndrome of senile disciform macular degeneration which is easily recognizable clinically and has a favorable prognosis following photocoagulation therapy. References 1. Gass JDM, Norton EWD: Cystoid macular edema and papilledema following cataract extraction . Arch Ophthalmol 76:646-661, 1966.Crossref 2. Gass JDM: Pathogenesis of disciform detachment of the neuroepithelium: III. Senile disciform macular degeneration . Am J Ophthalmol 63:617-644, 1967. 3. Gass JDM: Pathogenesis of disciform detachment of the neuroepithelium: IV. Fluorescein angiographic study of senile disciform macular degeneration . Am J Ophthalmol 63:645-659, 1967. 4. Maumenee AE: Serous and hemorrhagic disciform detachment of the macula . Trans Pac Coast Otophthalmol Soc 40:139-160, 1959. 5. Norton EWD, Gass JDM, Smith JL, et al: Symposium: Macular diseases: Diagnosis, fluorescein in the study of macular diseases . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 69:631-642, 1965. 6. Gitter KA, Robinson TR: Techniques of argon laser photocoagulation. Ann Ophthalmol, to be published. 7. Cleasby GW, Fung WE, Fiore JV Jr: Photocoagulation of exudative senile maculopathy . Arch Ophthalmol 85:18-26, 1971.Crossref 8. Gass JDM: Stereoscope Atlas of Macular Diseases: A Funduscopic and Angiographic Presentation . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, Publishers, 1970, p 36. 9. Krill AE, Archer D: Classification of the choroidal atrophies . Am J Ophthalmol 72:562-585, 1971. 10. Farkas TG, Sylvester V, Archer D: Ultrastructure of drusen . Am J Ophthalmol 71:1196-1205, 1971. 11. Farkas TG, Sylvester V, Archer D, et al: The histochemistry of drusen . Am J Ophthalmol 71:1206-1215, 1971. 12. Maumenee AE: Symposium: Macular diseases: Clinical manifestations . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 69:605-613, 1965. 13. Hogan MJ: Bruch's membrane and disease of the macula: Role of elastic tissue and collagen . Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 87:113-161, 1967. 14. Hogan MJ: Histology of the Human Eye: An Atlas and Textbook . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1971.

Allen, Muriel;Wright, Peter;Reid, Lynne

1972 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1972.01000030495005pmid: 4117787

Abstract In the human lacrimal gland the type A cell (K or mucous) contributes more to gland volume than the B (G or serous). Histochemical tests and organ culture using radioactive sulfate and glucose showed contradictory results for type A granules—sulfate was taken up in culture but did not stain. Lysozyme was shown to bind sulfate strongly. The granules stain like those of the Paneth cell which also contains lysozyme. Type B granules contain either neutral or acid glycoprotein, the latter being either sialic acid or sulfate, sulfate predominating. A granule may contain one or both types of acid, a cell one or more types of granule. The type A cell is a source of lysozyme, the B of neutral and acid glycoprotein in tears, the latter being a sulfosialomucin. References 1. Kühnel W: Vergleischende histologische, histochemische und elektronenmikroskopische: Untersuchungen an Tränendrüsen: VI. Menschliche Tränendrüse . Z Zellforsch 89:557-572, 1968.Crossref 2. Scott BL, Pease DC: Electron microscopy of the salivary and lacrimal glands of the rat . Amer J Anat 104:115-161, 1959.Crossref 3. Ruskell GL: The fine structure of nerve terminations in the lacrimal glands of monkeys . J Anat 103:65-76, 1968. 4. Ruskell GL: Changes in nerve terminal and acini of lacrimal gland and changes in secretion induced by autonomic denervation . Z Zellforsch 94:261-281, 1969.Crossref 5. Cohn S: A histochemical observation on Harderian gland of the albino mouse . J Histochem Cytochem 3:342-353, 1955.Crossref 6. Spicer SS, Duvenci J: Histochemical characteristics of mucopolysaccharides in salivary and exorbital lacrimal glands . Anat Rec 149:333-358, 1964.Crossref 7. Norn MS: Tear secretion in diseased eyes—kerataconjunctivitis sicca, diseases of the lacrimal system, ectropian lagophthalmos, conjunctivitus etc: Studied by a new method: Lacrimal stream dilution test . Acta Ophthal 44:25-32, 1966.Crossref 8. Davson H: The Physiology of the Eye , ed 2. London, J & A Churchill, 1963. 9. Lamb D, Reid L: Histochemical types of acid glycoprotein produced by mucous cells of tracheobronchial glands of man . J Path 98:213-229, 1969.Crossref 10. Lamb D, Reid L: Histochemical and autoradiographic investigation of the serous cells of the human bronchial glands . J Path 100:127-138, 1970.Crossref 11. Allen M: The Effect of Acid Hydrolysis on Sialomucin at Selected Epithelial Sites, thesis. Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, 1970. 12. Jones R: The Effect of pH on AB Staining of Sialomucin and Sulphomucin at Selected Epithelial Tissue Sites, thesis. Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, 1971. 13. Lamb D: Quantitative distribution of various types of acid glycoprotein in mucous cells in human bronchi. Histochem J, to be published. 14. Scott E, Dorling JC: Differential staining of acid glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides) by Alcian blue in salt solutions . Histochemie 5:221-233, 1965.Crossref 15. Scott JE, Dorling J, Stockwell RA: Reversal of protein blocking in salt solutions: Implications on the localization of polyamions using Alcain blue . J Histochem Cytochem 16:383-386, 1968.Crossref 16. Quintarelli G: Histochemical identification of salivary mucins . Ann NY Acad Sci 106:339-363, 1963.Crossref 17. Sturgess JM: The Control of Bronchial Glands and Their Secretion, thesis. University of London, 1970. 18. Trowell OA: The culture of mature organs in a synthetic medium . Exp Cell Res 16:118-147, 1959.Crossref 19. Pelc SR: Autoradiograph technique . Nature 160:749-750, 1960.Crossref 20. Ghoos Y, Vantrappen C: The cytochemical localization of lysosyme in Paneth cell granules . Histochem J 3:175-178, 1971.Crossref 21. Lemp MA, Holly FJ, Iwata S, et al: The precorneal tear film: I. Factors in spreading and maintaining a continuous tear film over the corneal surface . Arch Ophthal 83:89-94, 1970.Crossref 22. Meyrick B, Reid L: Ultrastructure of cells in the human bronchial submucosal glands . J Anat 107:281-299, 1970.

Cherry, Paul M. H.

1972 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1972.01000030500006pmid: 4634787

Abstract Thirty-four patients had direct and/or indirect rupture of the globe. The commonest site of indirect rupture was the nasal-superior quadrant close to the limbus. The typical clinical presentation was of a chemotic, hypotonous, left eye with a total hyphema; ductions were reduced most in the quadrant of the rupture. Global rupture and blowout fracture were seldom found to occur together. Surgical intervention was always undertaken but produced good visual results in only two of the 34 cases. In both of these cases, primary surgical closure was performed and diathermy was used at the wound edges after suturing. References 1. Duke-Elder S: System of Ophthalmology . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1961, vol 2, p 83. 2. Panico: Lett Oftal 4:552, 1927. 3. Stilling: Z Augenheilk 14:23, 1905. 4. Müller: Ueber Ruptur der Corneo-Skleralkapsel durch stumpfe Verletzung . Leipzig, Germany, Franz Deuticke, 1895. 5. Wagenmann A: Die Verletzungen des Auges , in von Graefe A, Saemisch T (eds.): Handbuch der g. Augenheilk , ed 3, 1915, vol 1. 6. Lister W: Some concussion changes met with in military practice . Brit J Ophthal 8:305-318, 1924. 7. Fuchs A: Spontaneous internal scleral ruptures . Amer J Ophthal 46:855-864, 1958. 8. Last RJ: Wolff's Anatomy of the Eye and Orbit , ed 5. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1961, p 31. 9. Tillema A: Atypical, indirect, incomplete rupture of the sclera . Brit J Ophthal 20:193-198, 1936.Crossref 10. Riffenburgh RS: Contusion rupture of the sclera . Arch Ophthal 69:722-726, 1963.Crossref 11. Moncreiff WF, Scheribel KJ: Penetrating injuries of the eye . Amer J Ophthal 28:1212-1220, 1945. 12. Graves OM Jr: Deep anterior chamber following trauma . Arch Ophthal 52:460, 1954.Crossref 13. Milauskas AT, Fueger GF: Serious ocular complications associated with blowout fractures of the orbit . Amer J Ophthal 62:670-672, 1966. 14. Emery J, von Noorden GK, Schlernitzauer DA: Orbital floor fractures: Long term follow up of cases with and without surgical repair . Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 75:802-820, 1971.

Altrocchi, Paul A.;Reinhardt, Paul H.;Eckman, Paul B.

1972 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1972.01000030510007pmid: 4634788

Abstract When acute or subacute blindness occurs in adult life, meningeal carcinomatosis should be included in the differential diagnosis, even in the absence of other symptoms. Blindness occurs in about one third of cases of meningeal carcinomatosis. Spinal fluid filtration (Millipore) examination and spinal fluid glucose are the most useful diagnostic tests in meningeal carcinomatosis, but results of both may be normal. Meningeal tumor-cuffing around the optic nerves, chronic papilledema, and infiltration of optic nerve parenchyma by tumor cells are the three likeliest causes for blindness in meningeal carcinomatosis, either acting alone or in combination. Some cases of meningeal carcinomatosis, however, are not adequately explained by any of these mechanisms. References 1. Knierim G: Diffuse meningeal carcinomatosis with blindness and deafness from stomach cancer . Beitr Path Anat 44:409-429, 1908. 2. Danis P, Brihaye-van Geertruyden M: Névrite optique rétrobulbaire bilatérale par métastases cancéreuses dans les gaines arachnoïdiennes . Acta Neurol Belg 6:345-359, 1952. 3. Strange L: Metastatic carcinoma to the leptomeninges . Trans Amer Neurol Assoc , 1952, pp 181-184. 4. Fischer-Williams M, Bosanquet FD, Daniel PM: Carcinomatosis of the meninges: A report of three cases . Brain 78:42-58, 1955.Crossref 5. Katz JL, Valsamis MP, Jampel RS: Ocular signs in diffuse carcinomatous meningitis . Amer J Ophthal 52:681-690, 1961. 6. Skeel RT, Yankee RA, Henderson ES: Meningeal leukemia . JAMA 205:863-865, 1968.Crossref 7. Jensen PA, Dockerty MD, Symmonds RE, et al: Endometrioid sarcoma . Amer J Obstet Gynec 95:79-90, 1966. 8. Walshe FMR: Meningitis carcinomatosa . Brit J Ophthal 7:113-123, 1923.Crossref 9. Terry TL, Dunphy EB: Metastatic carcinoma in both optic nerves simulating retrobulbar neuritis . Arch Ophthal 10:611-614, 1933.Crossref 10. Heathfield KWG, Williams JRB: Carcinomatosis of the meninges: Some clinical and pathological aspects . Brit Med J 1:328-330, 1956.Crossref 11. Hughes IE, Adams JH, Ilbert RC: Invasion of the leptomeninges by tumour: The differential diagnosis from tuberculous meningitis . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 26:83-89, 1963. 12. Dinsdale HB, Taghavy A: Carcinomatosis of the meninges . Canad Med Assoc J 90:505-512, 1964. 13. Hawkins D, Brown D: Meningeal carcinomatosis . Canad Med Assoc J 88:225-228, 1963. 14. Kim YS, Resnick JS: Hypoglycorrhachia with meningeal carcinomatosis: Report of two cases . Ann Intern Med 63:115-121, 1965.Crossref 15. Grain GO, Karr JP: Diffuse leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: Clinical and pathological characteristics . Neurology 5:706-722, 1955.Crossref 16. Bertrand I, Aronson L: Etude anatomo-clinique d' un cancer généralisé des méninges cérébrospinales . Rev Neurol 37:145-153, 1921. 17. Globus JH, Meltzer T: Metastatic tumors of the brain . Arch Neurol Psychiat 48:163-226, 1942.Crossref 18. Goldstein I, Wexler D: Metastasis in the sheath of the optic nerve from carcinoma of the stomach . Arch Ophthal 6:414-419, 1931.Crossref 19. Levine S, Bronstein M: The optic nerve sheath pathway . Arch Ophthal 54:369-372, 1955.Crossref 20. Duke JR, Walsh FB: Metastatic carcinoma of the retina . Amer J Ophthal 47:44-48, 1959. 21. Berg L: Hypoglycorrhachia of non-infectious origin: Diffuse meningeal neoplasia . Neurology 3:811-824, 1953.Crossref 22. McKelvey EM: Meningeal involvement with metastatic carcinoma of the breast treated with intrathecal methotrexate . Cancer 22:576-580, 1968.Crossref

Cook, James R.;Brubaker, Richard F.;Savell, Jonathan;Sheagren, John

1972 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1972.01000030515008pmid: 4634789

Abstract Two patients with lacrimal sarcoidosis showed improvement on alternate day prednisone therapy. One patient had keratitis sicca and became asymptomatic after treatment, demonstrating a return to normal visual acuity, increased tear production, and disappearance of corneal staining. The second patient had greatly enlarged lacrimal glands which were a cosmetic problem and led to the erroneous diagnosis of glaucoma. The lacrimal glands in this patient returned to near normal size following a course of prednisone. References 1. James DG: The diagnosis and treatment of ocular sarcoidosis . Acta Med Scand 76( (suppl 425) ): 202-208, 1964. 2. James DG, Anderson R, Langley D, et al: Ocular sarcoidosis . Brit J Ophthal 48:461-470, 1964.Crossref 3. Jvette A, Lemke L: Fundus changes in Boeck's sarcoidosis . Ophthalmologica 149:3-11, 1965.Crossref 4. James DG, Zatouroff MA, Trowell J, et al: Papilloedema in sarcoidosis . Brit J Ophthal 51:526-529, 1967.Crossref 5. Blain JG, Riley W, Logothetics S: Optic nerve manifestations of sarcoidosis . Arch Neurol 13:307-309, 1965.Crossref 6. Quock CP, Donohoe RF: Flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages in sarcoidosis . JAMA 202:239-241, 1967.Crossref 7. Ardouin M, Urvoy M: Ophthalmic manifestations of Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann's disease: Some rare types . Clin Ophthal , 1964, pp 4-30. 8. Stalland HB: Boeck's sarcoidosis of the lacrymal gland . Brit J Ophthal 24:451-457, 1940.Crossref 9. Cullom MM, Goodpasture EW: Boeck's sarcoid: A case of bilateral tumor of the lacrimal gland . Arch Ophthal 26:57-60, 1941.Crossref 10. Rosenbaum J: Boeck's sarcoid of the lacrimal gland: Report of a case . Arch Ophthal 25:477-482, 1941.Crossref 11. Sniderman HR: Boeck's sarcoid of the lacrimal gland with bilateral iridocyclitis . Amer J Ophthal 24:675-679, 1941.

Brais, Pierre;Drance, Stephen M.

1972 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1972.01000030520009pmid: 4634790

Abstract The temporal visual field shows characteristic nerve fiber bundle defects in chronic simple glaucoma, which have been neglected in the past. Thirty patients with the disease were found to have such temporal field defects in association with classical nasal nerve fiber bundle defects, but sometimes without any other visual field change. The temporal field changes were sometimes found to be the only area of the field showing progression. The characteristics of these temporal defects are presented, and the correlation with disc changes is described. References 1. Traquair HM: An Introduction to Clinical Perimetry , ed 2. London, Henry Kimpton, 1931, p 102. 2. Posner A, Schlossman A: Development of changes in visual fields associated with glaucoma . Arch Ophthal 39:623-639, 1948.Crossref 3. Dubois-Poulsen A: Le Champ Visuel . Paris, Masson et Cie, 1952, p 685. 4. Harrington DO: The Visual Fields . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1971, p 190. 5. François J, Verriest G: Contribution à l'etude des deficits périmétriques dans le glaucome . Ann Oculist 187:985-1045, 1954. 6. Kurz O: On visual field defects in glaucoma not usually noticed . Acta Med Orient 16:139, 1957. 7. Keerl G: Ein Beitrag zum Atypischen Glaukomgesichtsfeld . Klin Mbl Augenheilk 131:505-512, 1957.

Rossomondo, Roger M.;Carlton, William H.;Trueblood, Jon H.;Thomas, Robert P.

1972 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1972.01000030525010pmid: 4634791

Abstract Using a gamma camera and specially developed micropinhole collimator, the dynamics of the lacrimal drainage apparatus in man were studied in vivo with a radioactive tracer for the first time. Because of the much lower dosage of radiation and the more physiologic nature of demonstrating the lacrimal apparatus, this technique is suggested as an adjunct or replacement for the radiopaque dye studies (dacryocystogram). This first reported use of microscintigraphy suggests applications in other medical disciplines. References 1. Jones LT, Boyden GL: Otolaryngology , Hagerstown, Md,, WF Prior Inc, 1955, vol 3. 2. Callahan WP, Forbath PG, Besser WDS: A method of determining the patency of the nasolacrimal apparatus . Amer J Ophthal 60:475-481, 1965. 3. Campbell W: The radiology of the lacrimal system . Brit J Radiol 37:1-26, 1964.Crossref 4. Rogers RT: Radiation dose to the skin in diagnostic radiography . Brit J Radial 42:511-518, 1969.Crossref 5. Jones LT: Epiphora: Its causes and new surgical procedures for its cure . Amer J Ophthal 38:824-830, 1954.