Archives of Ophthalmology

Schirmer, Kurt E.

1971 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1971.00990050265001pmid: 5542862

Abstract The canal of Schlemm fills promptly and completely with blood on gonioscopy with a special contact lens if conditions for aqueous outflow are normal and the intraocular pressure is also normal. With normal applanation readings and blood appearing promptly within the whole circumference of the angle, the outflow conditions can be presumed normal in persons over the age of 45. References 1. Francois J: La Gonioscopie . Louvain, Belgium, Fonteyn, 1948, p 218. 2. Smith R: Blood in the canal of Schlemm . Brit J Ophthal 40:358-365, 1956.Crossref 3. Kronfeld PC: Further gonioscopic studies on the canal of Schlemm . Arch Ophthal 41:393-405, 1949.Crossref 4. Schirmer KE: Reflux of blood in the canal of Schlemm, quantitated . Canad J Ophthal 4:40-44, 1969. 5. Worst MJ: The reflux of blood into the canal of Schlemm . Bull Soc Franc Ophthal 77:219-222, 1964. 6. Suson EB, Schultz RO: Blood in Schlemm's canal in glaucoma suspects . Arch Ophthal 81:808-812, 1969.Crossref

Cross, Harold E.;Maumenee, A. Edward;Cantolino, Salvatore J.

1971 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1971.00990050270002pmid: 5313141

Abstract Two pedigrees contain seven individuals with documented Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy. A review of all previously reported familial cases reveals one pedigree with sufficient useful data for genetic analysis. Study of these three pedigrees together with segregation analysis suggests an autosomal dominant mutation as the most likely etiology, although alternative etiologies cannot be ruled out for other cases. An apparent female predilection for this disorder is present in the two reported sibships, which is similar to previously reported cases, but reduced penetrance of the gene cannot be documented. References 1. Fuchs E: Dystrophia epithelialis corneae . Graefe Arch Ophthal 76:478-508, 1910.Crossref 2. Clegg JG: Diseases of the cornea: Remarks on dystrophies of the cornea and glaucoma, with especial reference to a familial variety of the former . Trans Ophthal Soc UK 35:245-253, 1915. 3. Juler F: Diseases of the cornea: Some cases of damage to Descemet's endothelium . Trans Ophthal Soc UK 50:118-127, 1930. 4. Mortelmans L: Forme familiale de la dystrophie cornéenne de Fuchs . Ophthalmologica 123:88-99, 1952.Crossref 5. Levitt JM, Lloyd RI: Congenital and familial endothelial defects . Amer J Ophthal 35:342-349, 1952. 6. Stocker FW: The endothelium of the cornea and its clinical implications . Trans Amer Ophthal Soc 51:669-786, 1953. 7. Doggart JH: Fuchs' epithelial dystrophy of the cornea . Brit J Ophthal 41:533-540, 1957.Crossref 8. Falls HF: Clinical detection of genetic carrier state in ophthalmic pathology . Amer J Ophthal 37:841-854, 1954.

Dodick, Jack M.;Galin, Miles A.;Littleton, Jesse T.;Sod, Louis M.

1971 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1971.00990050275003pmid: 5542863

Abstract Medial wall fractures of the orbit should be considered a frequent component of the entity termed blowout fracture. Fracture of the medial wall without fracture of the floor did not occur in this series. Hypocycloidal tomography affords the best radiologic technique for diagnosing orbital fractures. References 1. Smith B, Regan WF Jr: Blow-out fracture of the orbit: Mechanism and correction of internal orbital fractures . Amer J Ophthal 44:733-739, 1957. 2. Last RJ: Wolff's Anatomy of the Eye and Orbit . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1961, p 5. 3. Miller GR, Glaser JS: The retraction syndrome and trauma . Arch Ophthal 76:662-663, 1966.Crossref 4. Edwards WC, Ridley RW: Blowout fracture of medial orbital wall . Amer J Ophthal 65:248-249, 1968. 5. Fischbein FJ, Lesko WS: Blowout fracture of the medial orbital wall . Arch Ophthal 81:162-163, 1969.Crossref 6. Dodick JM, Berrett A, Galin MA: Hypocycloidal tomography and orbital blow-out fracture . Amer J Ophthal 68:483-486, 1969. 7. Dodick JM, Galin MA, Berrett A: Radiographic techniques in the diagnosis of blow-out fracture of the orbit . Ann Ottal 95:377, 1969. 8. Dodick JM, Berrett A, Galin MA: Hypocycloidal tomography of the orbit . Surg Forum 19:484-486, 1968. 9. Dodick JM, Galin MA, Berrett A: Radiographic evaluation of orbital blow-out fracture . Canad J Ophthal 4:370, 1969.

Rodrigues, Merlyn;Zimmerman, Lorenz E.

1971 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1971.00990050279004pmid: 5100801

Abstract Deposits of amyloid were found in three eyes obtained postmortem from leprosy patients who had died in uremia from renal amyloidosis. We believe this may be the first report of ocular involvement in secondary amyloidosis associated with leprosy. References 1. Powell CS, Swan LL: Pathological changes observed in 50 consecutive necropsies . Amer J Path 31:1131-1147, 1955. 2. Desikan KV, Job CK: A review of postmortem findings in 37 cases of leprosy . Int J Leprosy 36:32-44, 1968. 3. Paton D, Duke JR: Primary familial amyloidosis . Amer J Ophthal 61:736-747, 1966. 4. Ts'o MOM, Bettman JW Jr: Occlusion of choriocapillaries in primary nonfamilial amyloidosis. Arch Ophthal, to be published.

Friedman, Ephraim;Strongin, Michael

1971 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1971.00990050282005pmid: 5100802

Abstract In a recent paper, "holes" were allegedly described in Bruch's membrane, and there has been speculation by the authors and others as to their significance. Utilizing both conventional histologic cross sections and flat preparations of the choroid, we find no evidence for the existence of such holes. Rather, it is clear that these apparent holes seen in flat preparations of the choroid are, in actuality, the lumina of the arterioles and venules supplying the choriocapillaris seen "end-on." References 1. Ring HG, Fujino T: Observations on the anatomy and pathology of the choroidal vasculature . Arch Ophthal 78:431-444, 1967.Crossref 2. Gass JDM: Retinal detachment and narrow-angle glaucoma secondary to inflammatory pseudotumor of the uveal tract . Amer J Ophthal 64( (suppl) ):612-621, 1967. 3. Krill AE, Chishti MI, Klien BA, et al: Multifocal inner choroiditis . Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 73:222-245, 1969. 4. Friedman E, Smith TR, Kuwabara T: Senile choroidal vascular patterns and drusen . Arch Ophthal 69:220-230, 1963.Crossref

Leibowitz, Howard M.;Rosenthal, Perry

1971 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1971.00990050285006pmid: 5542864

Abstract A series of six patients illustrates that a hydrophilic contact lens may be fitted upon an edematous corneal epithelium containing bullae. The lens is well tolerated and may be worn continuously for prolonged periods without adverse effects. The lens produces a rapid and dramatic relief of pain and the accompanying symptoms of chronic bullous keratopathy. The lens itself produces no significant improvement in the clinical pathology of the epithelium, and symptomatic relief is directly dependent upon the lens remaining in place on the diseased cornea. References 1. Wiedman MS, Gundersen T: Conjunctival flaps and cautery in corneal edema . Int Ophthal Clin 8:637-653, 1968. 2. Gasset AR, Kaufman HE. Therapeutic uses of hydrophilic contact lenses . Amer J Ophthal 69:252-259, 1970. 3. Leibowitz HM, Rosenthal PR: Hydrophilic contact lenses in corneal disease: I. Superficial, sterile, indolent ulcers . Arch Ophthal 85:163-166, 1971.Crossref

Chader, Gerald J.;Saunders, Laura;Reif-Lehrer, Liane

1971 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1971.00990050288007pmid: 5100803

Abstract The activity of the enzyme glutamine synthetase was found to be high in the normal human retina. Comparable levels of enzyme were observed when pieces of retina were maintained in tissue culture for 24 hours. Addition of hydrocortisone to such cultures did not increase levels of the enzyme as has been observed in other systems with native retinal tissue. References 1. Moscona AA, Kirk DL: Control of glutamine synthetase in the embryonic retina in vitro . Science 148:519-521,1965.Crossref 2. Reif-Lehrer L, Amos H: Hydrocortisone requirement for the induction of glutamine synthetase in chick-embryo retinas . Biochem J 106:425-430, 1968. 3. Reif-Lehrer L, Chader GJ: The steroid induction of glutamine synthetase in chick embryo retinas in culture . Biochim Biophys Acta 192:310-317, 1969.Crossref 4. Thorndike J, Reif-Lehrer L: A sensitive assay for glutamyl transferase (glutamine synthetase). Enzym Biol Clin, to be published. 5. Reif-Lehrer L: Induction of glutamine synthetase in chick embryo retinas: Effect of serum and of steroid structure . Biochim Biophys Acta 170:263-270, 1968.Crossref 6. Waelsch H: Glutamotransferase (γ-glutamyltransferase) , in Colowick SP, Kaplan NO (eds): Methods in Enzymology . New York, Academic Press, 1955, vol 2, pp 267-272. 7. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, et al: Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent . J Biol Chem 193:265-275, 1951. 8. Moscona AA, Piddington R: Correspondence between glutamine synthetase activity and differentiation in the embryonic retina in situ and in culture . J Cell Biol 27:247-252, 1965.Crossref 9. De Robertis E: Some observations on the ultrastructure and morphogenesis of photoreceptors . J Gen Physiol 43:1-13, 1960.Crossref 10. Weidman TA, Kuwabara T: Postnatal development of the rat retina: An electron microscopic study . Arch Ophthal 79:470-484, 1968.Crossref 11. Bonting SL, Caravaggio LL, Gouras P: The rhodopsin cycle in the developing vertebrate retina: I. Relation of rhodopsin content, electroretinogram and rod structure in the rat . Exp Eye Res 1:14-24, 1961.Crossref 12. Mazlen RG, Meullenberg CG, O'Brien PJ: The control of L-glutamine-D-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase in the bovine retina . Biochim Biophys Acta 171:352-354, 1969.Crossref 13. Mazlen RG, Muellenberg CG, O'Brien PJ: L-glutamine-D-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase from bovine retina . Exp Eye Res 9:1-11, 1970.Crossref

Schimek, Robert A.;Cooksey, John C.;Landreneau, Michael;Steigner, J. Bruce

1971 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1971.00990050290008pmid: 5542865

Abstract DURING the past 15 years, digital pressure on the eye for five minutes following retrobulbar injections before cataract extraction has been popularized by Kirsch1,2 to decrease the incidence of vitreous loss. Clinically, ocular hypotony to reduce vitreous loss during cataract surgery had been appreciated by Atkinson.3-6 Experimental evidence in rabbits by Robbins et al7,8 has confirmed that ocular compression does squeeze fluid out of the vitreous and reduce its volume for a brief time. This study was prompted by concern over the rapid recovery of the normal untreated eye from this hypotony phase since appreciable time may elapse between the period of digital pressure and the opening of the anterior chamber. Preliminary work by one of the investigators (R.A.S.) indicated that (1) the recovery from hypotony after digital pressure was sometimes surprisingly brief, (2) continuation of pressure on the globe during the early phases of cataract surgery References 1. Kirsch RE, Steinman W: Digital pressure, an important safeguard in cataract surgery . Arch Ophthal 54:697-703, 1955.Crossref 2. Kirsch RE: Further studies on the use of digital pressure in cataract surgery: I. Optimal length of time for application of digital pressure . Arch Ophthal 58:641-646, 1957.Crossref 3. Atkinson WS: Local anesthesia in ophthalmology . Trans Amer Ophthal Soc 32:399-451, 1934. 4. Atkinson WS: Local anesthesia in ophthalmology . Arch Ophthal 30:777-808, 1943.Crossref 5. Atkinson WS: Simple practice methods for intracapsular cataract extraction . Amer J Ophthal 31:1607, 1948. 6. Atkinson WS: Use of hyaluronidase with local anesthesia in ophthalmology: Preliminary report . Arch Ophthal 42:628-633, 1949.Crossref 7. Robbins R, Blumenthal M, Galen MA: Reduction of vitreous weight by ocular massage . Amer J Ophthal 66:603-607, 1970. 8. Robbins R, Galen M: Effect of osmotic agents on the vitreous body . Arch Ophthal 82:694-699, 1969.Crossref

Karp, Louis A.;Zimmerman, Lorenz E.;Payne, Titus

1971 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1971.00990050297009pmid: 5100804

Abstract BURKITT'S lymphoma, which is a poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma1,2 with unique epidemiologic features and a characteristic clinical and histologic pattern, is the most common malignant tumor among children in tropical Africa.3-6 It is also by far the most common of all orbital tumors, regardless of age, in Uganda.7 The tumor often arises in the superior portion of the maxilla and erodes the orbit to such an extent that exophthalmos, which may be extreme, is frequently the outstanding clinical feature and presenting symptom (Fig 1). Other clinical manifestations related to the infiltration of orbital soft tissues by the tumor may include chemosis and edema of the lid, tortuosity of retinal vessels, corneal anesthesia, exposure keratitis, corneal ulcers, and panophthalmitis.3-9 Recently we had an opportunity to study an eye that was enucleated from a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma, one in which there was massive invasion of the globe References 1. O'Conor GT, Davies JNP: Malignant tumors in African children . J Pediat 56:526-535, 1960.Crossref 2. O'Conor GT: Malignant lymphoma in African children: II. A pathological entity . Cancer 14:270-283, 1961.Crossref 3. Burkitt D: A sarcoma involving jaws in African children . Brit J Surg 46:218-223, 1958-1959.Crossref 4. Burkitt D, Davies JNP: Lymphoma syndrome in Uganda and tropical Africa . Med Press 245:367-369, 1961. 5. Burkitt D, O'Conor GT: Malignant lymphoma in African children: I. A clinical syndrome . Cancer 14:258-269, 1961.Crossref 6. Wright DH: The epidemiology of Burkitt's tumor . Cancer Res 27( (pt 1) ):2424-2438, 1967. 7. Templeton AC: Tumors of the eye and adnexa in Africans of Uganda . Cancer 20:1689-1698, 1967.Crossref 8. Zimmerman LE: The African malignant lymphoma . Arch Ophthal 63:838-839, 1962. 9. Lambert D: Les hematosarcomes de la face chez l'enfant en Afrique (maladie de Burkitt), thesis. Paris, 1964, pp 41-44. 10. Wright DH: Burkitt's tumor: A post-mortem study of 50 cases . Brit J Surg 51:245-251, 1964.Crossref 11. Quere MA, Camain R, Lambert D: Zur Pathologie der orbito-okularen Tumoren im Tropischen Africa . Klin Mbl Augenheilk 144:829-840, 1964. 12. Feman SS, et al: "Burkitt tumor" with intraocular involvement . Survey Ophthal 14:106-111, 1969. 13. Allen RA, Straatsma BR: Ocular involvement in leukemia and allied disorders . Arch Ophthal 66:490-508, 1961.Crossref 14. Hogan MJ, Zimmerman LE: Ophthalmic Pathology: An Atlas and Textbook , ed 2. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1962, pp 456-458. 15. Haddow AJ: Age incidence in Burkitt's lymphoma syndrome . E Afr Med J 41:1-6, 1964. 16. Simons PJ, Ross MGR: The isolation of herpes virus from Burkitt tumours . Europ J Cancer 1:135-136, 1965.Crossref 17. Griffin ER, Wright DH, Bell TM, et al: Demonstration of virus particles in biopsy material from cases of Burkitt's tumor . Europ J Cancer 2:353-358, 1966.Crossref 18. Wright DH, Bell TM, Williams MC: Burkitt's tumor: A review of clinical features, treatment, pathology, epidemiology, entomology and virology . E Afr Med J 44:51-61, 1967. 19. Harris RJC: A virus aetiology for Burkitt's tumor . Int J Cancer 2:559-561, 1967.Crossref 20. Burkitt DP: Etiology of Burkitt's lymphoma: An alternative hypothesis to a vectored virus . J Nat Cancer Inst 42:19-28, 1969. 21. O'Conor GT, Rappaport H, Smith EB: Childhood lymphoma resembling "Burkitt tumor" in the United States . Cancer 18:411-417, 1965.Crossref 22. Dorfman RF: Childhood lymphosarcoma in St. Louis, Missouri, clinically and histologically resembling Burkitt's tumor . Cancer 18:418-430, 1965.Crossref 23. Burkitt D: Burkitt's lymphoma outside the known endemic areas of Africa and New Guinea . Int J Cancer 2:562-565, 1967.Crossref 24. Fagundes LA, de Oliveira RM, Amaral R: Childhood lymphosarcoma in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: Report of 20 cases histologically similar to Burkitt's tumor . Cancer 22:1283-1291, 1969.Crossref 25. Cohen MH, et al: Burkitt's tumor in the United States . Cancer 23:1259-1272, 1969.Crossref

Graham, Gary C.

1971 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1971.00990050301010pmid: 5100805

Abstract ADENOCARCINOMAS of the retinal pigment epithelium are among the rarest of intraocular tumors.1,2 They are usually diagnosed by the pathologist after the eye has been enucleated as a suspected malignant melanoma or because of unrelated ocular abnormalities, and must be differentiated from the more common focal mass produced by reactive hyperplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium which is often initiated by trauma or focal inflammation. The histologic differentiation of true neoplasms from reactive hyperplasias of the retinal pigment epithelium is often difficult to discern; even for experienced pathologists.2,3 The report of a case which follows exemplifies this difficulty. Report of a Case A 26-year-old white man was seen by an optometrist on Oct 2, 1969, with complaints of decreased right visual acuity and a superior-temporal visual field defect. An intraocular mass was visualized and the patient referred to the ophthalmology clinic.Five years prior to admission, the patient References 1. Hogan M, Zimmerman LE (eds): Ophthalmic Pathology: An Atlas and Textbook , ed 2. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1962. 2. Frayer WC: Reactivity of the retinal pigment epithelium . Trans Amer Ophthal Soc 64:586-643, 1966. 3. Greer CH: Epithelial tumors of the retinal pigment epithelium . Trans Ophthal Soc UK 72:265, 1952. 4. Kurz GH, Zimmerman LE: Vagaries of the retinal pigment epithelium . Int Ophthal Clin 2:441-464, 1962.Crossref 5. Fair JR: Tumors of the retinal pigment epithelium . Amer J Ophthal 45:495-505, 1958. 6. Vogel MH, Zimmerman LE, Gass JDM: Proliferation of the juxtapapillary retinal pigment epithelium simulating malignant melanoma . Docum Ophthal 26:461-481, 1960.Crossref