Archives of Ophthalmology

Reinecke, Robert D.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990040131001pmid: 5465266

Abstract THE RESEARCHER studying a disease of humans often attempts to produce an experimental model in one of the common laboratory animals. He then attempts to alter various factors in an effort to learn more of the disease state he has produced. The argument for this type of research is that with a normal animal, the changes which are introduced are controlled, and thus the experiment is "clean," with as few extraneous factors as possible. Recently, the argument has been narrowed to the suggestion that in primates the findings might be analogous to those of human disease states. In view of the expense, it is surprising that only an occasional investigator has done the reverse, namely, studied disease states which occur naturally in animals and are analogous to the human. One of the reasons for seeking natural diseases in animals has been the recent cut-back in research grants. The researcher who References 1. Freeman HM: Retinal detachment, chorioretinal changes and staphyloma in the collie . Arch Ophthal 76:412-421, 1966.Crossref 2. Cogan DG, Kuwabara T: Photoreceptive abiotrophy of the retina in the elkhound . Path Vet 2:101-128, 1965. 3. Potts AM: Tracer studies on transplantable hamster melanoma . Arch Ophthal 72:359-364, 1964.Crossref 4. Lee PF, Schepens CL: Effect of aqueous-venous shunt on rabbit eyes . Invest Ophthal 5:304-311, 1966. 5. Zimmerman LE: Toxoplasma gondii from Toxocara cati . Arch Ophthal 76:159-161, 1966.Crossref 6. Doyle RE, et al: Domesticated farm animals in medical research . Ann NY Acad Sci 147:129-204, 1968.Crossref 7. Cornelius CE: Animal models—A neglected medical resource . New Eng J Med 281:934-944, 1969.Crossref 8. Collins TE: The Erasmus Wilson lectures on the anatomy and pathology of the eye . Lancet 1:435-444, 521-524, 1900. 9. Chimp's a model of mongolism . Med World News 1969, p 26.

Hallett, Mark;Cogan, David G.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990040132002pmid: 5449630

Abstract Eight patients, who are otherwise normal, presented with a clinical syndrome of episodic unilateral mydriasis. Episodes are of various lengths in different patients and occur at random intervals. Head pain and blurring of vision are typical. There is no ocular muscle palsy or lid involvement. Prognosis appears good. There are various syndromes which include the feature of episodic unilateral mydriasis. References 1. Walsh FB, Hoyt WF: Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology , 3 ed. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1969, pp 523-524. 2. Reid WL, Cone WV: The mechanism of fixed dilation of the pupil resulting from ipsilateral cerebral compression . JAMA 112:2030-2034, 1939.Crossref 3. Sunderland S: Mechanism responsible for changes in the pupil unaccompanied by disturbances of extraocular muscle function . Brit J Ophthal 36:638-644, 1952.Crossref 4. Cogan DG: Neurology of the Ocular Muscles , ed 2. Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1956, pp 176-177. 5. Fisher CM: Dilated pupil in carotid occlusion . Trans Amer Neurol Assoc 91:230-231, 1966. 6. Mancall I: Opticociliary neuritis . Arch Ophthal 54:436-437, 1955.Crossref 7. Rieger H: Zur Pathologie des Ganglion ciliare . Klin Mbl Augenheilk 120:337-346, 1952. 8. Bach L: Pupillenlehre . Berlin, S Karger, 1908, pp 153-157. 9. Bielschowsky A: Klin Mbl Augenheilk 80:399-400, 1928. 10. Bumke O: Die Pupillenstörungen . Jena, Germany, G Fischer, 1911, pp 189-192. 11. Erlenmeyer A: Beschreibung von periodischem Auftreten einer wandernden Pupille . Berlin Klin Wschr 49:539-542, 1912. 12. Duke-Elder S: Textbook of Ophthalmology . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1949, vol 4, pp 3763-3768. 13. Bielschowsky A: Lectures on motor anomalies . Amer J Ophthal 22:484-498, 1939. 14. Burian HM, Van Allen MW: Cyclic oculomotor paralysis . Amer J Ophthal 55:529-537, 1963. 15. Lowenstein O, Levine AS: Pupillographic studies . Arch Ophthal 31:74-94, 1944.Crossref 16. Tyrer JH, Sutherland JM, Eadie MJ: Syndrome de Claude Bernard-Horner avec remissions intermittentes pendant de longues années . Rev Neurol 108:329-335, 1963. 17. Smolin G: Unilateral intermittent pupillary dilation . Arch Ophthal 81:705-706, 1969.Crossref 18. Pant SS, Benton JW, Dodge PR: Unilateral pupillary dilatation during and immediately following seizures . Neurology 16:837-840, 1966.Crossref 19. Cramer E: Springende Mydriasis bei einem 7 jährigen Mädchen . Klin Mbl Augenheilk 49:201-204, 1911. 20. Alpers BJ, Yaskin HE: Pathogenesis of ophthalmoplegic migraine . Arch Ophthal 45:555-566, 1951.Crossref 21. Friedman AP, Hartner DH, Merritt HH: Ophthalmoplegic migraine . Trans Amer Neurol Assoc 86:169-172, 1961. 22. Harrington DO, Flocks M: Ophthalmoplegic migraine . Arch Ophthal 49:643-655, 1953.Crossref 23. Wolff HG: Headache and Other Head Pain . New York, Oxford University Press Inc, 1963, pp 333-336. 24. Donahue HC: Migraine and its ocular manifestations . Arch Ophthal 43:96-141, 1950.Crossref 25. Elliot AJ: Ophthalmoplegic migraine with report of a case . Canad Med Assoc J 43:242-244, 1940. 26. Westphal A: Über bisher nicht beschriebene Pupillenerscheinungen im katatonischen Stupor . Z Psychiat 64:694, 1907.

Chapman, Lawrence I.;Urist, Martin J.;Folk, Eugene R.;Miller, Marilyn T.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990040139003pmid: 5449631

Abstract Six cases of acquired bilateral superior oblique muscle palsy are presented showing their characteristic history and findings. The possible site or sites of the lesions necessary to produce these palsies are discussed. References 1. Lyle TK: Torsional diplopia due to cyclotropia and its surgical treatment . Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 68:387-411, 1964. 2. Khawam E, Scott AB, Jampolsky A: Acquired superior oblique palsy . Arch Ophthal 77:761-768, 1967.Crossref 3. Wilbrand H, Saenger H: Die Neurologie des Auges . Wiesbaden, Germany, JF Bergman, vol 8, 1922, p 175. 4. Walsh FB: Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology , ed 2. Baltimore, William & Wilkins Co, 1957, p 87. 5. Hugonnier R, Magnard P: Une statistique de 501 paralysies oculo-motrices et diplopia . Bull Soc Franc Ophtal 73:84, 1960.

Crone, Robert A.;van de Gaer, Luc;Bonants, Elisabeth L. M.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990040145004pmid: 5449632

Abstract Two cases of convergent microstrabismus with spontaneous foveal diplopia were seen in which the angle of anomaly in the retinal periphery was different from the one that existed in the retinal center. An explanation has been given of the genesis of this clinical entity. The existence of two angles of anomaly is of importance for the theory of abnormal retinal correspondence. References 1. Cüppers C: Moderne Schielbehandlung . Klin Mbl Augenheilk 129:579-604, 1956. 2. Hamburger FA: Haploskopische Untersuchungen über die Sehweise Schielender . Graefe Arch Ophthal 144:718-785, 1942.Crossref 3. Aulhorn E: Phasendifferenz-Haploscopie . Klin Mbl Augenheilk 148:540-544, 1966. 4. Burian HM: Fusional movements in permanent strabismus . Arch Ophthal 26:626-650, 1941.Crossref 5. Wilczek M: Untersuchung der peripheren Netzhautkorrespondenz mit den Lochprismen . Klin Mbl Augenheilk 149:560-566, 1966. 6. Bredemeyer HG, Bullock K: A case of co-existing normal and abnormal retinal correspondence . Brit Orthop J 25:94-96, 1968. 7. Colenbrander MC: Problems connected with localization . Ophthalmologica 149:111-117, 1965.Crossref 8. Morgan MW: Anomalous correspondence interpreted as a motor phenomenon . Amer J Optom 38:131-148, 1961.Crossref 9. Boeder P: Anomalous retinal correspondence refuted . Amer J Ophthal 58:366-373, 1964. 10. Rock I, Harris CS: Vision and touch . Sci Amer 216:96-104, 1967.Crossref 11. Ronne G, Rindziunski E: The diagnosis and clinical classification of anomalous correspondence . Acta Ophthal 31:321-345, 1953. 12. Holmes G: Ferrier lecture: The organization of the visual cortex . Proc Roy Soc Brit 132:348-361, 1945.Crossref 13. Burian HM: Sensorial retinal relationship in concomitant strabismus . Arch Ophthal 37:336-368, 504-533, 618-648, 1947.Crossref 14. Velzeboer CMJ: Egocentral and reciprocal localization in squint. Thesis. Amsterdam, 1957.

Buxton, Jorge N.;Brownstein, Seymour

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990040150005pmid: 4915577

Abstract One-hundred donor eyes were removed with aseptic precautions and bathed in a solution of thimerosal before corneal grafting. With this treatment, there was an incidence of only 22% positive bacterial cultures, one-half of which were considered potentially pathogenic. This suggests that thimerosal is an effective antibacterial agent. Antibiotic solutions, in particular those containing neomycin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate, appear to be more specific than thimerosal and may be used as a replacement for the latter or in conjunction with it in treating donor eyes prior to corneal grafting. References 1. Polack FM, Locatcher-Khorazo D, Gutierrez E: Bacteriological study of "donor" eyes: Evaluation of antibacterial treatments prior to corneal grafting . Arch Ophthal 78:219-225, 1967.Crossref 2. Paton R: Keratoplasty . New York, McGraw Hill Book Co Inc, 1955. 3. Rollins HJ Jr, Stocker FW: Bacterial flora in donor corneas . Amer J Ophthal 59:247-249, 1965. 4. Doctor D, Hughes I: Neosporin for donor eyes . Amer J Ophthal 46:351-353, 1958. 5. Rycroft P: Method for the preservation and sterilization of fresh donor material for full thickness keratoplasty . Brit J Ophthal 49:251-258, 1965.Crossref

Gottlieb, Fred;Castro, Joseph L.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990040153006pmid: 5449633

Abstract Perforation of the choroid and retina during strabismus surgery is considered the etiology in two cases of retinal detachment, a case of vitreal hemorrhage, and an endophthalmitis. The growth of connective tissue into the vitreous from the site of perforation may be an important factor in the prognosis of a detached retina resulting from this complication. Among 65 children who had undergone corrective surgery for strabismus, six (9.2%) had funduscopic lesions indicating perforation of the globe with a needle. The proper choice of needles, and great care in passing them through thin sclera is stressed. References 1. Wolff E: Wolff's Anatomy of the Eye and Orbit , ed 15. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1961, p 41. 2. Brown HW: Complications in surgery of the extraocular muscles , in Fasanella RM (ed): Complications in Eye Surgery , ed 2. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1965 pp 280-281. 3. McLean JM, Galin MA, Baras I: Retinal perforation during strabismus surgery . Amer J Ophthal 50:1167, 1960. 4. Havener WH, Kimball OP: Scleral perforation during stabismus surgery . Amer J Ophthal 50:807, 1960. 5. Schepens CL (ed): Importance of the Vitreous Body in Retina Surgery . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1960, pp 118-123. 6. Schepens CL, Regan CDJ (eds): Controversial Aspects of the Management of Retinal Detachment . Boston, Little Brown & Co, 1965, p 251.

Brockhurst, Robert J.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990040160007pmid: 5449634

Abstract Photocoagulation applied to the retinoschisis cavity in five eyes with congenital retinoschisis not only failed to ameliorate the disease but caused holes in the external layer, or both layers, and subsequent retinal detachment. Until more is learned about the pathogenesis and course of congenital retinoschisis, it is recommended that photocoagulation treatment of the external layer not be performed. Photocoagulation applied in intact retina just posterior to the advancing edge of the congenital retinoschisis in two eyes did not aggravate the disease. Moreover, the retinoschisis has been stationary for three years in each patient. References 1. Schepens CL: New ophthalmoscope demonstration . Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 51:298-301, 1947. 2. Schepens CL: Examination of the ora serrata region: Its clinical significance . Acta XVI Concilium Ophthalmologicum (Britannia) , 1950, pp 1384-1392. 3. Shea M, Schepens CL, Von Pirquet SR: Retinoschisis: I. Senile type: A clinical report of one hundred-seven cases . Arch Ophthal 63:1-9, 1960.Crossref 4. Pischel DK: Surgical treatment of retinal cysts . Amer J Ophthal 65:1-16, 1963. 5. Okun E, Cibis P: The role of photocoagulation in the management of retinoschisis . Arch Ophthal 72:309-314, 1964.Crossref 6. Cibis P: Vitreoretinal Pathology and Surgery in Retinal Detachment . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1965, p 92. 7. Harris GS: Retinoschisis: Pathogenesis and treatment . Canad J Ophthal 3:312-317, 1968.

Johnson, Bruce L.;Storey, James D.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990040168008pmid: 5449635

Abstract Protein filled cysts of the ciliary epithelium are found in a patient with multiple myeloma. The supposedly characteristic white appearance of the cysts was found to be a laboratory artifact due to formaldeyhyde fixation. Immunoelectrophoretic studies of the cyst contents demonstrated the presence of gamma globulin which was identical to that present in the patient's serum. Associated proteinaceous cysts of the choriod plexus of the brain were also present. References 1. Clark E: Ophthalmological complications of multiple myelomatosis . Brit J Ophthal 39:233-236, 1955.Crossref 2. Donnelly EJ: Ocular complications of multiple myelomatosis . Amer J Ophthal 47:211-214, 1959. 3. Danis P, Brauman S, Coppez P: Lesions of the fundus of the eye found in certain hyperproteinemias, particularly those of myelomatous origin . Acta Ophthal 33:33-52, 1955.Crossref 4. Ashton N, Kok DA, Foulds WS: Ocular pathology in macroglobulinaemia . J Path Bact 86:453-461, 1963.Crossref 5. Carr R, Henkind P: Retinal findings associated with serum hyperviscosity . Amer J Ophthal 56:23-31, 1963. 6. Holt JM, Gordon-Smith EC: Retinal abnormalities in diseases of the blood . Brit J Ophthal 53:145-160, 1969.Crossref 7. Allen RA, Miller DH, Straatsma BR: Cysts of the posterior ciliary body (pars plana) . Arch Ophthal 66:302-313, 1961.Crossref 8. Ashton N: Ocular changes in multiple myelomatosis . Arch Ophthal 73:487-494, 1965.Crossref 9. Slansky HH, Bronstein M, Gartner S: Ciliary body cysts in multiple myeloma: Their relation to urethane, hyperproteinemia, and duration of the disease . Arch Ophthal 76:686-689, 1966.Crossref 10. Sanders TE, Podos S: Pars plana cysts in multiple myeloma . Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 70:951-958, 1966. 11. Sanders TE, Podos SM, and Rosenbaum LJ: Intraocular manifestations of multiple myeloma . Arch Ophthal 77:789-794, 1967.Crossref 12. Scheidegger JJ: Une micro-methode de l'immuno-electrophorese . Int Arch Allerg 7:103-110, 1955.Crossref 13. Iammarino RM: Immunoelectrophoresis adapted for the clinical laboratory . Clin Biochem 2:447-453, 1969.Crossref 14. Tormey JM: The ciliary epithelium: An attempt to correlate structure and function . Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 70:755-766,1966. 15. Bairati A, Orzalesi N: The ultrastructure of the epithelium of the ciliary body . Z Zellforsch 69:635-658, 1966.Crossref

Johnson, Bruce L.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990040173009pmid: 4194761

Abstract Protein filled cysts of the ciliary epithelium are found in five patients with hypergammaglobulinemia but without evidence of multiple myeloma. The findings indicate that proteinaceous ciliary cysts are not unique to multiple myeloma and may be found in a variety of conditions with increased levels of immunoglobulin. References 1. Allen RA, Miller DH, Straatsma BR: Cysts of the posterior ciliary body (pars plana) . Arch Ophthal 66:302-313, 1961.Crossref 2. Ashton N: Ocular changes in multiple myelomatosis . Arch Ophthal 73:487-494, 1965.Crossref 3. Sanders TE, Podos S: Pars plana cysts in multiple myeloma . Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 70:951-958, 1966. 4. Slansky HH, Bronstein M, Gartner S: Ciliary body cysts in multiple myeloma . Arch Ophthal 76: 686-689, 1966.Crossref 5. Sanders TE, Podos SM, Rosenbaum LJ: Intraocular manifestations of multiple myeloma . Arch Ophthal 77:789-794, 1967.Crossref 6. Grignolo A, Schepens, CL, Heath P: Cysts of the pars plana ciliaris . Arch Ophthal 58:530-543, 1957.Crossref 7. Okun E: Gross and microscopic pathology in autopsy eyes . Amer J Ophthal 51:1221-1228, 1961. 8. Zimmerman LE, Fine BS: Production of hyaluronic acid by cysts and tumors of the ciliary body . Arch Ophthal 72:365-379, 1964.Crossref 9. Waldmann TA, Strober W: Metabolism of immunoglobulins . Progr Allerg 13:1-110, 1969. 10. Alper CA, Rosen FS, Janeway CA: The gamma globulins: II. Hypergammaglobulinemia . New Eng J Med 275:591-596, 1966.Crossref 11. Johnson BL, Storey JD: Proteinaceous cysts of the ciliary epithelium: I. Their clear nature and immunoelectrophoretic analysis in a case of multiple myeloma . Arch Ophthal 84:166-170, 1970.Crossref

Halasa, Adnan

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990040178010pmid: 5449636

Abstract THE NEVUS of Ota is characterized by melanosis oculi associated with ipsilateral pigmentation of the tissues around the eye. The condition is quite common in Orientals but occurs less frequently in whites and Negroes. Malignant change has never been recorded in Orientals, and there are only eight reported cases of uveal melanomas developing in a nevus of Ota in whites.1-8 This is in contrast to the more common occurrence (25%) of extraocular or intraocular malignant melanomas developing in cases of melanosis oculi.9 The condition is bilateral in less than 5% of the cases.10 The purpose of this paper is to record the unique occurrence of a malignant melanoma of the ciliary body in the right eye of a patient with bilateral nevus of Ota, associated with multiple nevi flammei and vitiligo. No similar case has been reported previously. Report of a Case A 58-year-old white priest was References 1. Hulke JW: A series of cases of carcinoma of the eyeball . Ophthal Hosp Rep 3:279, 1860. 2. Albert DM, Scheie HG: Nevus of Ota with malignant melanoma of the choroid . Arch Ophthal 69:774-777, 1963.Crossref 3. Tosti E, Renna V: Insorgenza di melanoblastoma della coroid in sindrome di Ota . Boll Oculist 45:862-870, 1966. 4. Volpi U: Melanoblastoma della coroid in sindrome di Ota . Ann Ottal 92:219-227, 1966. 5. Makley TA, King CM: Malignant melanoma in melanosis oculi . Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolarying 71:638-641, 1967. 6. Roy PE, Schaeffer EM: Nevus of Ota and choroidal melanoma . Survey Ophthal 12:130-140, 1967. 7. Font RL, Reynolds AM, Zimmerman LE: Diffuse malignant melanoma of the iris in the nevus of Ota . Arch Ophthal 77:513-518, 1967.Crossref 8. Frezzotti R, Guerra R, Dragoni GP, et al: Malignant melanoma of the choroid in a case of naevus of Ota . Brit J Ophthal 52:922-924, 1968.Crossref 9. Reese AB: Ocular and Adnexal Tumors: New and Controversial Aspects . M Boniuk (ed), St. Louis, CV Mosby, 1964, p 353. 10. Lever WF: Histopathology of the Skin , ed 4. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, 1967, p 725.