Archives of Ophthalmology

Rubin, Melvin L.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990030393001pmid: 5437897

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract ONE of the strongest trends in present day medicine is the growing demand for continuing education for the practicing physician. Confronted by a tremendous proliferation of new knowledge, the clinician is often at a loss in balancing the demands being made on his time. The problem of "keeping up" is certainly no less acute for the busy ophthalmologist. Yet, it is to his great credit that he so assiduously avails himself of the popular, continuing education courses presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology (AAOO). He also makes time to attend national, regional, and state ophthalmological society meetings. The typical ophthalmologist is an avid reader of medical journals; he is one of the most predictable medical book buyers, as any medical publisher can attest. Fortunately, then, most ophthalmologists make a heroic attempt to keep abreast of new developments. Although optimal learning methods may vary

Sudarsky, R. David;Yannuzzi, Lawrence A.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990030395002pmid: 5437898

Abstract Some degree of pigment migration invariably follows cryosurgery of the retina. Immediately upon thawing, pigment granules lysed from the pigment epithelium of the choroid may migrate through the retinal tear and into the vitreous. Pigment migration may also occur through the subretinal fluid to form a deposit behind the macula, or a pigmented line representing the farthest advance of the retinal separation. Pigment deposited in the foveal area may impair macular function. The important difference between cryopexy and diathermy applications to the choroid is the apparent absence of coagulation of the tissue proteins in the cryosurgical lesion. The complications of pigment migration are perhaps the most serious observed with the cryosurgical method. References 1. Sudarsky RD: Self-contained cryosurgical eye instrument . Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 68:470, 1964. 2. Schepens CL, Okamura ID, Brockhurst RJ: The scleral buckling procedures. I. Surgical techniques and management . Arch Ophthal 58:797-811, 1957.Crossref 3. Bietti GB: Criocausticazioni episclerali como mezzo de terapiz nel distacco retinico . Boll Oculist 13:576, 1934. 4. Sudarsky RD, Hulquist R, Chi HH: Cryogenically induced iris atrophy, iridectomy and cataract in rabbits . Amer J Ophthal 60:217-231, 1965. 5. Sudarsky RD: Thermodynamic considerations in ocular cryosurgery . Proc Roy Soc Med 59:1053-1056, 1966. 6. Bietti GB: Weitere Beitraege cur Kenntnis des retrolentikulaeren Pigmentringes und zu seiner Entstehungsweise . Klin Mbl Augenheilk 93:54-60, 1934.

Levy, Walter J.;Levy, Josef;Clapper, W. E.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990030402003pmid: 5437899

Abstract The ability of pterygium tissue to grow when attached to glass or plastic surfaces has been studied. This growth was achieved in over 50% of the pathological tissues, compared to 5% of normal control tissues. At surgery, without microscopic identification, the pterygium was divided into a corneal and a conjunctival portion. Growth rates of these portions were determined by several methods. Conjunctival pterygium tissue grew faster in the early stages but more slowly in the later stages than the corneal portion. No relation of growth rate and the age of the patient was found. The methods used appeared to be accurate enough to evaluate the effects of various physical and chemical agents on pterygium tissue growth in vitro. No circulating antibodies to pterygium tissue were found in patients serum using the tanned cell hemagglutination technique. References 1. Dixon WJ, Massey FJ Jr.: Introduction to Statistical Analysis , ed 2. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc, 1957, p 19. 2. Hayflick L: Advances in tissue culture methods important to viral disease problems . Postgrad Med 35:503-511, 1964.

Daily, Louis

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990030406004pmid: 5437900

Abstract IN FOCAL illumination by a very narrow slit-lamp beam through the Goldmann contact lens, I have seen a splinter of retinal tissue protruding from the foveola, frequently in persons over 60 years of age and occasionally in persons under the age of 40 (Fig 1 and 2). By direct ophthalmoscopy in parallax, the splinter gives only an impression of a protrusion. It projects forward and axially from the edge of the umbo—the center of the foveolar pit—and varies in length, being no longer than the umbo's width. In some cases it is a nub on the side of the pit, rather than a splinter (Fig 3). In two eyes the splinter was attached to the side of a shallow, narrow, lamellar defect at the foveola. It has been associated in every case with detachment of the posterior hyaloid membrane of the vitreous from the macula. No retinovitreal adhesion or adjacent References 1. Duke-Elder S: Anatomy of the visual system , in System of Ophthalmology . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1961, vol 2, pp 266-269. 2. Duke-Elder S: Congenital deformities , in System of Ophthalmology . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1963, vol 3, p 654. 3. Cibis P: Vitreoretinal Pathology and Surgery in Retinal Detachment . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1965, p 53. 4. Duke-Elder S: Diseases of the retina , in System of Ophthalmology . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1967, vol 10, pp 546-549.

Berson, Eliot L.;Goldstein, E. Bruce

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990030412005pmid: 5437901

Abstract Seven children and one adult with dominantly inherited retinitis pigmentosa have early receptor potentials (ERP) that are decreased in amplitude compared with normal. These abnormal ERP amplitudes localize a defect in the receptor outer segments. All five children with dominantly inherited retinitis pigmentosa with complete penetrance have faster-than-normal ERP recovery rates during dark adaptation. This acceleration of ERP recovery compared to normal must be caused by something more than loss of the rod ERP and appears to be due to abnormal cone function. In the two children with dominantly inherited retinitis pigmentosa with reduced penetrance, marked delays exist in the time course of the rod and cone b-waves of the electroretinogram, whereas the latency to peak of the cornea-negative phase (R2) of the ERP is normal or slightly shorter than normal. References 1. Brown KT, Murakami M: A new receptor potential of the monkey retina with no detectable latency . Nature 201:626-628, 1964.Crossref 2. Cone RA: Early receptor potential of the vertebrate retina . Nature 204:736-739, 1964.Crossref 3. Galloway NR: Early receptor potential in the human eye . Brit J Ophthal 51:261-264, 1967.Crossref 4. Yonemura D, Kawasaki K: The early receptor potential in the human electroretinogram . Jap J Physiol 17:235-244, 1967.Crossref 5. Goldstein EB, Berson EL: Cone dominance of the human early receptor potential . Nature 222:1272-1273, 1969.Crossref 6. Pak WL, Ebrey TG: Early receptor potentials of rods and cones in rodents . J Gen Physiol 49:1199-1208, 1966.Crossref 7. Goldstein EB: Early receptor potential of the isolated frog (Rana pipiens) retina . Vision Res 7:837-845, 1967.Crossref 8. Arden GB, Ikeda H: Effects of hereditary degeneration of the retina on the early receptor potential and the corneo-fundal potential of the rat eye . Vision Res 6:171-184, 1966.Crossref 9. Pak WL: Some properties of the early electrical response in the vertebrate retina . Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 30:493-499, 1965.Crossref 10. Cone RA: Rhodopsin transitions and the early receptor potential. Read before the annual meeting of the Association for Research in Ophthalmology, Sarasota, Fla, April 19, 1969. 11. Cone RA: The Early Receptor Potential: Proceedings of the International School of Physics, Enrico Fermi, 1970, to be published. 12. Cone RA: Early receptor potential: Photoreversible changes displacement in rhodopsin . Science 155:1128-1131, 1967.Crossref 13. Cone RA, Brown PK: Dependence of the early receptor potential on the orientation of rhodopsin . Science 156:536, 1967. 14. Brindley GS, Gardner-Medwin AR: The origin of the early receptor potential of the retina . J Physiol 182:185-194, 1966. 15. Pak WL, Rozzi VP, Ebrey TG: Effect of changes in the chemical environment of the retina on the two components of the early receptor potential . Nature 214:109-110, 1967.Crossref 16. Berson EL, Goldstein EB: Recovery of the human early receptor potential during dark adaptation in hereditary retinal disease. Vision Res, to be published. 17. Berson EL, Gouras P, Gunkel RD: Rod responses in retinitis pigmentosa, dominantly inherited . Arch Ophthal 80:58-67, 1968.Crossref 18. Berson EL, Gouras P, Hoff M: Temporal aspects of the electroretinogram . Arch Ophthal 81:207-214, 1969.Crossref 19. Goodman G, Gunkel RD: Familial electroretinographic and adaptometric studies in retinitis pigmentosa . Amer J Ophthal 46:142-178, 1958. 20. Goldstein EB, Berson EL: Rod and cone contributions to the human early receptor potential. Vision Res, to be published. 21. Berson EL, Gouras P, Gunkel RD, et al: Dominant retinitis pigmentosa with reduced penetrance . Arch Ophthal 81:226-234, 1969.Crossref 22. Hays WL: Statistics for Psychologists . New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1967. 23. Rushton WAH: Physical measurement of cone pigment in the living human eye . Nature 179:571-573, 1957.Crossref 24. Rushton WAH: Cone pigment kinetics in the protanope . J Physiol 168:374-388, 1963. 25. Rushton WAH: Rhodopsin measurement and dark adaptation in a subject deficient in cone vision . J Physiol 156:193-205, 1961. 26. Berson EL, Goldstein EB: Early receptor potential in sex-linked retinitis pigmentosa . Invest Ophthal 9:58-63, 1970. 27. Berson EL, Gouras P, Gunkel RD, et al: Rod and cone responses in sex-linked retinitis pigmentosa . Arch Ophthal 81:215-225, 1969.Crossref 28. Berson EL, Kanters LK: Rod and cone responses in a family with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthal, to be published. 29. Berson EL, Gouras P, Gunkel RD: Progressive cone-rod degeneration . Arch Ophthal 80:68-76, 1968.Crossref

Spencer, Louis M.;Foos, Robert Y.;Straatsma, Bradley R.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990030421006pmid: 5437902

Abstract The relationship between enclosed or partially-enclosed ora bays and retinal tears was studied in 1,000 consecutive autopsy eyes. Enclosed ora bay was present in 4.0% and partially-enclosed ora bay in 0.6% of eyes. Retinal tear was associated with 16.7% of either type of ora bay, and occurred posterior to and meridionally aligned with such bays. All such tears occurred at the posterior border of the vitreous base and were a consequence of posterior vitreous detachment. Retinal tears associated with enclosed or partially-enclosed ora bays were present in 0.5% of the 1,000 eyes examined. References 1. Rutnin, U., and Schepens, C.L.: Fundus Appearance in Normal Eyes: II. The Standard Peripheral Fundus and Developmental Variations , Amer J Ophthal 64:840-852 ( (Nov) ) 1967. 2. Straatsma, B.R.; Landers, M.B.; and Kreiger, A.E.: The Ora Serrata in the Adult Human Eye , Arch Ophthal 80:3-20 ( (July) ) 1968.Crossref 3. Spencer, L.M.; Foos, R.Y.; and Straatsma, B.R.: Meridional Folds and Meridional Complexes of the Peripheral Retina , Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 73:204-221 ( (March-April) ) 1969.

Robb, Richard M.;Watters, Gordon V.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990030426007pmid: 5437903

Abstract Case histories of eight patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis are presented, with emphasis on ocular manifestations of the disease. This illness, familiar to European ophthalmologists, is previously unreported in the American ophthalmic literature. Focal chorioretinitis was present in four of the eight patients and was the most striking ocular manifestation. Nystagmus, cortical blindness, papilledema, and optic atrophy were also present in some patients. There is evidence that a myxovirus, probably that of rubeola, is the etiologic agent of this encephalitis; serologic and other tests to identify other etiologies for the chorioretinitis were negative except for possibly coincidental toxoplasmic infections in two patients. Further clarification of the retinal lesions awaits histopathologic study of affected eyes. References 1. Dawson JR Jr: Cellular inclusions in cerebral lesions of lethargic encephalitis . Amer J Path 9:7-15, 1933. 2. Dawson JR Jr: Cellular inclusions in cerebral lesions of epidemic encephalitis: Second report . Arch Neurol Psychiat 31:685-700, 1934.Crossref 3. Pette H, Doring G: Über einheimische Panencephalomyelitis vom Charakter der Encephalitis japonica . Deutsch Z Nervenheilk 149:7-44, 1939.Crossref 4. Van Bogaert L: La leucoencéphalite sclérosante subaiguë . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 8:101-120, 1945.Crossref 5. Haymaker W, Smith MG, Van Bogaert L, et al: Pathology of viral disease in man characterized by nuclear inclusions: With emphasis on herpes simplex and subacute inclusion encephalitis , Fields WS, Blattner RJ (eds): Viral Encephalitis . Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1958, pp 95-204. 6. Zeman W, Kolar O: Reflections on the etiology and pathogenesis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis . Neurology 18:1-7, 1968.Crossref 7. Herndon RM, Rubinstein LJ: Light and electron microscopy observations on the development of viral particles in the inclusions of Dawson's encephalitis (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis) . Neurology 18:8-20, 1968.Crossref 8. Lorand B, Nagy T, Tariska S: Subacute progressive panencephalitis . World Neurol 3:376-394, 1962. 9. Lombroso CT: Remarks on the EEG and movement disorder in SSPE . Neurology 18:69-75, 1968.Crossref 10. Cutler RWP, Watters GV, Hammerstad JP, et al: Origin of cerebrospinal fluid gamma globulin in subacute sclerosing leukoencephalitis . Arch Neurol 17:620-628, 1967.Crossref 11. Van Bogaert L: Die klinische Einheit und die pathologische Variationsbreite der "subakuten sklerosierenden Leuko-enzephalitis." Wien Z Nervenheilk 13:185-203, 1957. 12. Osetowska E, Torck P: Subacute sclerosing leukoencephalitis: Analysis of complementary features . World Neurol 3:566-579, 1962. 13. Otradovec J: Chorioretinitis centralis bei Leucoencephalitis subacuta sclerotisans van Bogaert . Ophthalmologica 146:65-73, 1963.Crossref 14. Sebestyén J, Strenger J: Die ophthalmologischen Beziehungen bei der subakuten progressiven Panenzephalitis: Fälle der zentralen Retinochorioiditis bei subakuter progressiver panenzephalitis . Klin Mbl Augenheilk 145:202-212, 1964. 15. Otradovec J: Centralni chorioretinalni zmeny u subakutní sklerozující leukoencefalitidy (van Bogaert) . Cas Lek Cesk 104:697-702, 1965. 16. Malamud N, Haymaker W, Pinkerton H: Inclusion encephalitis; with a clinicopathological report of three cases . Amer J Path 26:133-153, 1950. 17. Landau WM, Luse SA: Relapsing inclusion encephalitis (Dawson type) of eight years' duration . Neurology 8:669-676, 1958.Crossref 18. Bornhofen JH, Richardson ME: Subacute sclerosing leukoencephalitis in association with toxoplasmic encephalitis . J Lancet 86:109-114, 1966. 19. Metz H, Gregoriou M, Sandifer P: Subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis: A review of 17 cases with special reference to clinical diagnostic criteria . Arch Dis Child 39:554-557, 1964.Crossref 20. Chao DS: Subacute inclusion body encephalitis: Report of 3 cases . J Pediat 61:501-510, 1962.Crossref 21. Jabbour JT, Garcia JH, Lemmi H, et al: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: A multidisciplinary study of eight cases . JAMA 207:2248-2254, 1969.Crossref 22. Rubin RC, Ommaya AK, Henderson ES, et al: Cerebrospinal fluid perfusion for central nervous system neoplasms . Neurology 16:680-692, 1966.Crossref 23. Bouteille M, Fontaine C, Vedrenne C, et al: Sur un cas d'encéphalite subaiguë à inclusions: Etude anatomoclinique et ultrastructurale . Rev Neurol 113:454-458, 1965. 24. Tellez-Nagel I, Harter DH: Subacute sclerosing leukoencephalitis: Ultrastructure of intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions . Science 154:899-901, 1966.Crossref 25. Shaw C, Buchan GC, Coldevin BC: Myxovirus as a possible etiologic agent in subacute inclusionbody encephalitis . New Eng J Med 277:511-515, 1967.Crossref 26. Connolly JH, Allen I, Hurwitz LJ, et al: Measles-virus antibody and antigen in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis . Lancet 1:542-544, 1967.Crossref 27. Sever JL, Zeman W: Serologic studies of measles and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis . Neurology 18:95-97, 1968.Crossref 28. Chen TT, Watanabe I, Zeman W, et al: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: Propagation of measles virus from brain biopsy in tissue culture . Science 163:1193-1194, 1969.Crossref 29. Horta-Barbosa L, Fuccillo DA, Sever JL: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: Isolation of measles virus from a brain biopsy . Nature 221:974, 1969.Crossref 30. Timm G: Histologische Retina-Befunde bei der subakuten sklerosierenden Leukoencephalitis van Bogaert . Confin Neurol 25:147-155, 1965.Crossref 31. Kolar O. Dvorak V, Kubena K, et al: Zur pathogenetischen Problematik der chorioretinalen Erscheinungen in Verlauf der subakuten sklerotisierenden Leukoencephalitis (van Bogaert) . Wien Z Nervenheilk 23:375-387, 1966. 32. Dvorak V, Kolar O, Kubena K: Chorioretinální zmeny u subakutní sklerotizující leukoencefalitidy van Bogaertovy . Cesk Oftal 22:339-344, 1966. 33. Ratcheson RA, Ommaya AK: Experience with the subcutaneous cerebrospinal-fluid reservoir, preliminary report of 60 cases . New Eng J Med 279:1025-1031, 1968.Crossref

Flaxel, John T.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990030436008pmid: 5437904

Abstract Collagen deposition in healing stromal wounds under limbus-based flaps was studied in nine human eyes obtained postmortem from 1 to 46 days after senile cataract extraction. Collagen was present under the flap in the five day specimen, but was not seen bridging the stromal wound except in specimens 15 days or longer after surgery. In the 46 day specimen stromal wound collagen was still not mature or well remodeled. A unique specimen obtained only 25 hours after cataract extraction by cryoprobe with enzymatic zonulolysis had endothelial damage and stromal edema related to inadvertent corneal cryo-adhesion. Zonule entrapment and iris wound exudate were found, in addition to other interesting histological findings. Clinical implications are discussed. References 1. Flaxel, J.T., and Swan, K.C.: Limbal Wound Healing After Cataract Extraction: A Histologic Study , Arch Ophthal 81:653-659 ( (May) ) 1969.Crossref 2. Pearse, A.G.E.: Histochemistry: Theoretical and Applied , ed 2, London: J. & A. Churchill, Ltd., 1960, pp 164-172, 248-265. 3. Henderson, T.: A Histological Study of the Normal Healing of Wounds After Cataract Extraction , Ophthal Rev 26:127-144, 1907. 4. Thorpe, H.E.: Enzymatic Zonulolysis , Amer J Ophthal 49:531-548 ( (March) ) 1960. 5. Ashton, N.: Histochemical Studies on the Normal and Swollen Cornea , Amer J Ophthal 47:229-232 ( (May) ) 1959. 6. McCormick, G.L.; Macaulay, W.L.; and Miller, G.E.: Talc Granulomas of the Eye , Amer J Ophthal 32:1252-1254 ( (Sept) ) 1949. 7. Talbot, T.E., and Christensen, L.: Some Postoperative Foreign Body Reactions in the Ocular Tissues , Trans Pacif Coast Otoophthal Soc 32:200-210, 1951. 8. Atkinson, W.S.: Correction of Up-Drawn or "Tear-Drop" Pupil , Amer J Ophthal 47:227-229 ( (May) ) 1959. 9. Scheie, H.G.: Stripping of Descemet's Membrane in Cataract Extraction , Arch Ophthal 73:311-314 ( (March) ) 1965.Crossref 10. Wyatt, H., and Ghosh, J.: Reposition of Descemet's Membrane After Cataract Extraction , Brit J Ophthal 55:267-269 ( (April) ) 1969.Crossref 11. Henderson, T.: The Histology of Iridectomy , Ophthal Rev 26:191-203 ( (May) ) 1907. 12. McBurney, M.: The Absence of Cicatrization in the Iris After Operation or Injury , Arch Ophthal 43:12-15, 1914. 13. McBurney, M.: The Absence of Cicatrization in the Iris After Operation or Injury , Arch Ophthal 43:12-15, 1914. 14. Teng, C.C.; Chi, H.H.; and Katzin, H.: The Histology of Iridectomy , Amer J Ophthal 54:204-217 ( (Aug) ) 1962. 15. Snell, A.C.: Wound Healing of the Iris , Amer J Ophthal 41:499-505 ( (March) ) 1956. 16. Von Sallmann, L.: Experimental Studies of Some Ocular Effects of Alpha-Chymotrypsin , Trans Amer Acad Ophthal 64:25-32, 1950. 17. Radnot, M., and Pajor, R.: Effect of Alpha-Chymotrypsin on the Cornea , Amer J Ophthal 51:598-601 ( (April) ) 1961. 18. Bedrossian, R.H.: Alpha-Chymotrypsin: Its Effect on the Rabbit Zonule, Lens Capsule, and Corneal Wound Healing , Arch Ophthal 62:216-222 ( (Aug) ) 1959.Crossref 19. Ley, A.P.; Hohnberg, A.S.; and Yamashita, T.: Histology of Zonulolysis With Alpha-Chymotrypsin Employing Light and Clean Microscopy , Amer J Ophthal 49:67-80 ( (Jan) ) 1960. 20. Bedrossian, R.H., and Lalli, R.A.: Clinical Application of New Laboratory Data on Alpha Chymotrypsin , Arch Ophthal 67:616-621 ( (May) ) 1962.Crossref 21. Stocker, F.W.; Matton-Van Leuven, M.; and Georgiade, H.: Influence of Alpha-Chymotrypsin on Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy , Amer J Ophthal 55:547-551 ( (March) ) 1963. 22. Worthen, D.M., and Brubaker, R.F.: An Evaluation of Cataract Cryoextraction , Arch Ophthal 79:8-9 ( (Jan) ) 1968.Crossref 23. Taylor, D.M., and Dalburg, L.A., Jr.: Corneal Complications From Cryoextraction of Cataracts , Arch Ophthal 79:3-7 ( (Jan) ) 1968.Crossref 24. Croll, M., and Croll, L.J.: Cryoextraction of Cataracts in 351 Consecutive Cases , Amer J Ophthal 66:875-880 ( (Nov) ) 1968. 25. Brown, S.I., and McLean, J.M.: Peripheral Corneal Edema After Cataract Extraction: A New Clinical Entity , Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 73:465-470 ( (May-June) ) 1969.

Leone, Charles R.;Marlowe, Julius F.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990030445009pmid: 5437905

Abstract ENCEPHALOCELES are lesions that usually cause signs and symptoms that are misleading.1 The cranial contents may herniate through one of the natural openings, such as the optic foramen or the sphenoid fissure, or through an embryonic defect in the bony orbit.2 Anteriorly, a transethmoidal defect may occur through the lamina cribrosa and present as an orbital tumor. This report describes a case of an ethmoid encephalocele presenting as an orbital tumor. Report of a Case This 62-year-old white woman was in good health until three weeks prior to admission, when a tender swelling developed rather suddenly in the superior nasal aspect of her right orbit (Fig 1). On the previous day, she had been mowing her lawn and had gotten grass in her nose causing her to sneeze and have hayfever like symptoms. Because of her past history of sinus trouble, she was considered to have acute ethmoiditis References 1. Pollock JA, Newton TH, Hoyt, WF: Transphenoidal and transethmoidal encephaloceles . Radiology 30:442-453, 1968.Crossref 2. Reese A: Tumors of the Eye . New York, Paul B Hoeber Inc, Medical Book Dept of Harper & Row, 1963, p 547. 3. Consul BN, Kulshrestha OP: Orbital meningocele . Brit J Ophthal 49:374-376, 1965.Crossref 4. Mortada A, El-Toraei I: Orbital meningo-encephalocele and exophthalmos . Brit J Ophthal 44:309-314, 1960.Crossref 5. Mood GF: Congenital anterior herniations of brain . Ann Otol 47:391-401, 1938.

Weisman, Harold;Christensen, Robert E.;Dillon, John B.

1970 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990030448010pmid: 5437906

Abstract CATARACT surgery under local anesthesia is a widely accepted technique among ophthalmologists. A significant problem, however, is that of providing adequate circulation of air or oxygen underneath the drapes. We have attempted to resolve this by designing a frame which would hold the drapes away from the patient, and at the same time, deliver him a supply of air or oxygen. After much deliberation and examination of various possible designs, the present prototype frame was constructed (Fig 1 and 2). The frame was made to adjust to various positions and yet to support the weight of the surgeon's arm when necessary. Patients undergoing cataract surgery under regional anesthesia are usually sedated. It is important, therefore, for safety's sake and for comfort that no fixed objects be placed above the patient's face, in case he should suddenly raise his head. It is for this reason that we have constructed the frame