Archives of Ophthalmology

S., B. R.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030611001

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract On June 21-23, 1965, the scientific community will again have an opportunity to appreciate the increasingly close relationship between research and the care of patients when the Association for Research in Ophthalmology (ARO) and the American Medical Association Section on Ophthalmology meet at New York's Plaza Hotel. Scheduled to assemble in the morning hours, the ARO will feature the Proctor Lecture by Dr. Zacharias Dische. Meeting during the afternoon periods, the AMA Section on Ophathalmology will highlight the address of the invited guest, Professor Isaac Michaelson. Noteworthy, as an innovation this year, the program of both groups will be coordinated on June 22nd to provide for the timely presentation of basic science and clinical papers related to retinal vascular disease. Considered in conjunction with the simultaneous array of exhibits, specialty programs and interdisciplinary forums that constitute the annual meeting of the American Medical Association, this assembly of the AMA Section

C., D. G.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030611002

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The "Curse of Babel" is what Duke-Elder has called our commitment to multilingual communications. The beauty of individual tongues, so important for the appreciation of literature and to some extent of art, has little to commend itself to science where directness of expression is of supreme importance. It was not a happy day for the scientist when mediaeval man turned away from Latin, the then common language of science, in favor of more secular means of communication. Nor have the several attempts to restore a common tongue in the form of Esperanto or other hybrids made more than symbolic impact. To those of us brought up in an English-speaking country, the prospect of using English as a universal language of science is pleasing and possibly logical. In India, English is the language of communication among the provinces and Japan's scientific journals are published in English, as well as in Japanese.

DeLONG, SAMUEL L.;POLEY, BROOKS J.;McFARLANE, J. R.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030613003pmid: 14281974

Abstract This paper reports characteristic granular changes found in the lens and cornea of patients who had received high dosages of chlorpromazine * for a prolonged period of time. These changes were noted in 49 of 131 patients, some of whom had received chlorpromazine for as long as nine years. Numerous annoying and sometimes harmful side reactions involving many of the body systems have been reported on relative shortterm therapy.1-4 Long-term effects have been reported only recently.5,6 Greiner and Berry described a violaceous, metallic discoloration of the skin of the exposed areas of the face, neck and hands in 70 patients.7 In 12 of the most severely affected individuals they also noticed grossly visible granular deposits in the posterior cornea and the anterior lens. Clinical Study The data presented in this paper were obtained by examining the eyes of 131 patients of Norristown State Mental Hospital who had received References 1. "Thorazine" manufactured by Smith, Kline & French Laboratories. 2. Goldman, D.: Major Complications of Treatment of Psychotic States With Chlorpromazine and Reserpine and Their Management , Psychiat Res 4:79-88, 1955. 3. Sainz, A. A.: Management of Side Effects of Chlorpromazine and Reserpine , Psychiat Quart 30:647-653, 1956.Crossref 4. Hollister, L. E.: Complications From Use of Tranquilizing Drugs , New England J Med 257:170-177, 1957.Crossref 5. Schiele, B. C., et al: Comparison of Low and High Dosage Procedures in Chlorpromazine Therapy , Psychiat Quart 33:252-259, 1959..Crossref 6. Zelickson, A. S., and Zeller, H. C.: New and Unusual Reaction to Chlorpromazine , JAMA 188:144-146, 1964.Crossref 7. Bock, R., and Swain, J.: Ophthalmologic Findings in Patients on Long-Term Chlorpromazine Therapy , Amer J Ophthal 56:808-810, 1962. 8. Greiner, A. C., and Berry, K.: Skin Pigmentation and Corneal and Lens Opacities With Prolonged Chlorpromazine Therapy , Canad Med Assoc J 90:663-665, 1964. 9. deRivas, Carmela F.: Personal communication to the authors, May, 1964. 10. Kinross-Wright, V.: Clinical Trial of New Phenothiazine Compound, NP-207 . Psychiat Res Rep Amer Psychiat Assoc 4:89-94, 1956. 11. Goar, E. L., and Fletcher, M. C.: Toxic Chorioretinopathy Following Use of NP-207 , Trans Amer Ophthal Soc 54:129-139, 1956. 12. Verrey, F.: Dégénéréscence pigmentaire de la rétine d'origine médicamenteuse , Ophthalmologica 131:296-303, 1956.Crossref 13. Rintelen, F. G., et al: Zur Klinik und experimentellen Pathologie der Pigment-epithelerkrankung nach Medikation mit einen Piperidinphenothiazin , Ophthalmologica 133:277-283, 1957.Crossref 14. Weekley, R. D., et al: Pigmentary Retinopathy in Patients Receiving High Doses of New Phenothiazine , Arch Ophthal 64:65-76, 1960.Crossref 15. Connell, M. M.; Poley, B. J.; and McFarlane, J. R.: Chorioretinopathy Associated With Thioridazine Therapy , Arch Ophthal 71:816-821, 1964.Crossref 16. Potts, A. M.: Concentration of Phenothiazine in Eye of Experimental Animals , Invest Ophthal 1:522-530, 1962. 17. Zeller, W. W., et al: Use of Chlorpromazine and Reserpine in Treatment of Emotional Disorders , JAMA 160:179-184, 1956.Crossref 18. Kasak, M.; Schaefer, D. L.; and Winter, W.: Use of Chlorpromazine and Reserpine in Psychiatric Hospital , Marquette Med Rev 21:17-24, 1955. 19. Sinha, G. B., and Mitra, S. K.: Case of Acute Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Poisoning , J Indian Med Assoc 24:557-558, 1955. 20. Carlson, V. R.: Individual Pupillary Reactions to Certain Centrally Acting Drugs in Man , J Pharmacol Exp Ther 121:501-506, 1957.

SMITH, MORTON E.;ZIMMERMAN, LORENZ E.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030620004pmid: 14281975

Abstract In the scleral buckling operation for retinal detachment, the use of circling polyethylene tubing is not without complications. Boniuk and Zimmerman first reported three cases in which extensive necrosis of the iris and ciliary body occurred after this procedure.1 In two of these cases there was also necrosis of the lens and retina. These complications were believed to have been secondary to the interference with the blood supply of the eye as a result of surgery. A later, more extensive study by the same authors revealed that necrosis of the iris and ciliary body occurred in approximately 14% of 150 cases in which retinal detachment operations had been performed.2 Another late complication of this surgical procedure is erosion of the ocular wall by the polyethylene tubing. Recently, Regan and Schepens have reported on 42 eyes with this complication, including the clinical and historical characteristics of these patients.3 References 1. Boniuk, M., and Zimmerman, L. E.: Necrosis of Iris, Ciliary Body, Lens and Retina Following Scleral Buckling Operations With Circling Polyethylene Tubes , Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 65:671-693, 1961. 2. Boniuk, M., and Zimmerman, L. E.: Necrosis of Uvea, Sclera, and Retina Following Operations for Retinal Detachment , Arch Ophthal 66:318-326, 1961.Crossref 3. Regan, C. D. J., and Schepens, C. L.: Erosion of Ocular Wall by Circling Polyethylene Tubing , Amer J Ophthal 57:79-83, 1964. 4. McDonald, P. R., et al: Complications of Scleroplastic Procedures , Amer J Ophthal 55:52-55, 1963.

WELSH, ROBERT C.;FALL, E. EUGENE;AHORNER, FRITZ

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030623005pmid: 14281976

Abstract Unexplained visual acuity loss or a complaint of intermittent blurred vision experienced by the contact lens corrected aphakic may all too frequently be caused by surfacing imperfections in the front surface optical zone of these high-plus corneal lenses. The lensometer is a highly inadequate instrument for "checking the optics" of a corneal contact lens; yet it is usually the only instrument used for this purpose. The "radiuscope" can be used to check the "back-surface optics" of a corneal lens; yet it is rarely used to check anything but the radius of the central 3 or 4 mm of the rear surface of the lens. The radiuscope is almost never used to check the peripheral optical portions of the front surface. It can be particularly revealing and useful in front surface checking of the periphery of the lenticular zone of the high-plus corneal lens. After suspecting flaws in peripheral optical quality References 1. Welsh, R. C.: Contact Lenses for Aphakics , AMA Arch Ophthal. 64:251, 1960.Crossref 2. Welsh, R. C.: Corneal Contact Lens Trial Sets for Postoperative Cataract Patients , AMA Arch Ophthal 65:427, 1961.Crossref

HART, DANIEL R. L.;BRIGHTMAN, VERNON J. F.;READSHAW, GRAHAM G.;PORTER, GEOFFREY T. J.;TULLY, MARY J.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030625006pmid: 14281977

Abstract Introduction The original report of Kaufman et al,1 describing treatment of human herpes simplex keratitis with idoxuridine (5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine, IDU) was followed by a series of publications by other workers which provided further evaluation of this drug. The majority of these publications, which were reviewed in an earlier paper,2 described uncontrolled trials, but three reports3-5 were concerned with studies which included controls in their evaluation of the effect of idoxuridine on herpetic keratitis. The uncontrolled trials largely confirmed the results of Kaufman et al, but the three studies which included controls were unable to show that treatment with idoxuridine was remarkably better than treatment with inert eye drops: Luntz and MacCallum,3 in an open trial comparing idoxuridine with neomycin, treated 11 cases of dendritic ulcer with idoxuridine and 11 cases with neomycin and were unable to find any striking advantage for idoxuridine. In two double-blind controlled series, References 1. The results of this trial have been published elsewhere2 and are similar to the results of other uncontrolled studies: epithelial healing occurred in 17 (81%) of the 21 cases within a period of 13 days, the average time of healing being 6.3 days; 12 (57.1%) of the 21 cases healed within 7 days. 2. An ulcer not having a recognizable dendritic pattern. 3. 0.3% neomycin in isotonic saline containing 1% methylcellulose and 0.5% chlorbutol as preservative. 4. We are indebted to Dr. Allan F. Irvine, Medical Director, Smith, Kline & French Laboratories (Australia) Ltd., for his continued support throughout this project. 5. Specimens from cases 42-53 were processed in the same fashion in primary human ammion tissue culture by Dr. Beverley Allen of the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane. 6. The design of the sequential trial and analysis of results were carried out by Dr. H. Silverstone, Reader in Medical Statistics, Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, University of Queensland. 7. Kaufman, H. E.; Martola, E.; and Dohlman, C.: Use of 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine (IDU) in Treatment of Herpes Simplex Keratitis , Arch Ophthal 68:235-239, 1962.Crossref 8. Hart, D. R. L., et al: "Controlled Study of Effectiveness of IDU in Treatment of Human Herpes Simplex Keratitis—Progress Report," in Transactions of the meeting of the Pan-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology, Melbourne, Australia, April, 1964, to be published. 9. Luntz, M. H., and MacCallum, F. O.: Treatment of Herpes Simplex Keratitis with 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine , Brit J Ophthal 47:449-456, 1963.Crossref 10. Burns, R. P.: Double-Blind Study of IDU in Human Herpes Simplex Keratitis , Arch Ophthal 70:381-384, 1963.Crossref 11. Jepson, C. N.: Treatment of Herpes Simplex of Cornea With IDU—Double-Blind Study , Amer J Ophthal 57:213-217, 1964. 12. Ormsby, H. L.: Superficial Forms of Herpetic Keratitis, N.I.H. Symposium on Viral Keratoconjunctivitis , Amer J Ophthal 43:107-109, 1957. 13. Armitage, P.: Sequential Medical Trials , Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, England, 1960. 14. Maloney, E. D., and Kaufman, H. E.: Antagonism and Toxicity of IDU by its Degradation Products , Invest Ophthal 2:55-57, 1963. 15. Rappaport, C.: Trypsinization of Monkey Kidney Tissue: Automatic Method for Preparation of Cell Suspensions , Bull WHO 14:147-166, 1956. 16. Thygeson, P.; Kimura, S. J.; and Hogan, M. J.: Observations on Herpetic Keratitis and Keratoconjunctivitis , Arch Ophthal 56:375-388, 1956.Crossref 17. Corrigan, M. J.; Gilkes, M. J.; and St. Clair Roberts, D.: Treatment of Dendritic Corneal Ulceration , Brit Med J 2:304-305, 1962.Crossref 18. Hertzberg, R.: Use of IDU in Treatment of Herpes Simplex Keratitis , Med J Aust 1:13, 1963. 19. Furgiuele, F. P., et al: Effectiveness of 5-Iodo-2-Deoxyuridine in Treatment of Herpes Simplex Keratitis , Trans Amer Ophthal Soc 60:243-259, 1962. 20. Gordon, D. M., and Karnovsky, D. A.: Chemotherapy of Herpes Simplex Keratitis , Amer J Ophthal 55:229-234, 1963. 21. Havener, W. H., and Wachtel, J.: IDU Therapy of Herpetic Keratitis , Amer J Ophthal 55:234-237, 1963. 22. Maxwell, E.: Treatment of Herpetic Keratitis With 5-Iodo-2-Deoxyuridine (IDU): Clinical Evaluation of 1,500 Cases , Amer J Ophthal 56:571-573, 1963. 23. Swartz, J.: Report on 36 Patients With Dendritic Corneal Ulceration Treated With IDU (Stoxil) , S Afr Med J 37:552-553, 1963. 24. Ey, R. C., et al: Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Idoxyuridine (IDU) Therapy in Herpes Simplex Keratitis , Arch Ophthal 71:325-331, 1964.Crossref 25. Patterson, A., et al: Controlled Studies of IDU in Treatment of Herpetic Keratitis , Trans Ophthal Soc UK 83:583-591, 1963. 26. Thygeson, P.: Personal communication to the authors. 27. Hanna, L.; Jawetz, E.; and Coleman, V. R.: Studies on Herpes Simplex: VIII. Significance of Isolating Herpes Simplex Virus From Eye, N.I.H. Symposium on Viral Keratoconjunctivitis , Amer J Ophthal 43:126-131, 1957. 28. Wolter, J. R.; Shapiro, I.; and Whitehouse, F.: Pathology of Experimental Primary Herpetic Keratitis in Rabbits , Amer J Ophthal 41:639-645, 1956. 29. Cramer, J. W.: Personal communication to the authors. 30. McKenzie, A.: Comparison of IDU Solution, IDU Ointment and Carbolization in Treatment of Dendritic Corneal Ulcer , Brit J Ophthal 48:274-276, 1964.Crossref 31. Kaufman, H. E., et al: Corneal Toxicity of Cytosine Arabinoside , Arch Ophthal 72:535-540, 1964.Crossref 32. Pollack, F. M., and Rose, J.: Effect of 5-Iodo-2-Deoxyuridine (IDU) in Corneal Healing , Arch Ophthal 71:520-527, 1964.Crossref 33. Smith, K. O., and Dukes, C. D.: Effects of 5-Iodo-2-Deoxyuridine (IDU) on Herpesvirus Synthesis and Survival in Infected Cells , J Immun 92:550-554, 1964.

BROWN, STUART I.;DOHLMAN, CLAES H.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030637007pmid: 14281978

Abstract Introduction Knowles,1 utilizing the techniques of Bock and Maumenee,2 implanted plastic membranes in the intralamellar space of animal corneas. He found in rabbit and cat corneas that the stroma anterior to these membranes thinned and frequently degenerated. It was suggested that these findings were the result of pronounced drying and, consequently, these membranes functioned as barriers to water movement across the cornea.Maumenee3 implanted polypropylene membranes with 6 mm diameter into human corneas with bullous keratopathy in an effort to ameliorate the corneal edema. Subsequently, one of us (C. H. D.) implanted polypropylene membranes in seven cases of bullous keratopathy. It was observed that the cornea anterior to the membrane became less edematous and relatively transparent. The posterior portion of the stroma, however, became increasingly edematous and scarred. Therefore, it appeared that a buried corneal implant could be fashioned which would be a combination of the intralamellar References 1. Knowles, W. F.: Effect of Intralamellar Plastic Membranes on Corneal Physiology , Amer J Ophthal 51:274, 1961. 2. Bock, R., and Maumenee, A. E.: Corneal Fluid Metabolism, Experiments and Observations , AMA Arch Ophthal 50:282, 1953.Crossref 3. Maumenee, A. E.: Personal communication to the authors, 1961. 4. Thomas, T.: Considerations Affecting Technique and Results in Keratoplasty , Trans Ophthal Soc UK 75:473, 1955. 5. Thomas, T.: Prognosis in Lamellar Keratoplasty and Possible Use of Buried Acrylic Mushroom Discs in Keratoplasty , An Inst Barraquer 3:776, 1963. 6. Cardona, H.; Castroviejo, R.; and Devoe, A. G.: Personal communication to the author, 1964. 7. Brown, S. I., and Dohlman, C. H.: Buried Corneal Prosthesis, (correspondence) Arch Ophthal 70:736, 1963.Crossref 8. Maurice, D. M., and Giardini, A.: Simple Optical Apparatus for Measuring Corneal Thickness and Average Thickness of Human Cornea , Brit J Ophthal 35:169, 1951.Crossref 9. Cardona, H.: Keratoprosthesis: Acrylic Optical Cylinder With Supporting Intralamellar Plate , Amer J Ophthal 54:284, 1962. 10. Ito, II.: Experimental Acrylic Corneal Implant , Acta Ophthal Jap 67:85, 1963. 11. Hedbys, B. O., and Mishima, S.: Flow of Water in Corneal Stroma , Exp Eye Res 1:262, 1962.Crossref 12. Mishima, S., and Maurice, D. M.: Oily Layer of Tear Film and Evaporation From Corneal Surface , Exp Eye Res 1:39, 1961.Crossref 13. Brown, S.: Unpublished data, 1963.

FRAYSER, REGINA;HICKAM, JOHN B.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030642008pmid: 14281979

Abstract Introduction The regulation of retinal blood flow and vessel size in man is still imperfectly understood. Numerous drugs have been used in an effort to produce vasodilatation and an increase in blood flow to the retina and choroid. Bettman and Fellows1 have shown in cats that many of the peripheral vasodilator and vasoconstrictor drugs do little to influence the intraocular blood volume. Walsh2 has reviewed some of the attempts to evaluate the effect of drugs. Until recently, such studies in the human have been limited to estimations of caliber changes in the retinal vessels. Changes in the size of the resistance vessels cannot be detected with confidence by present techniques because of the small size of the vessels. It is now possible by means of photographic techniques to measure the retinal venous oxygen saturation.3 Such measurements yield an index of flow change provided retinal metabolism is not References 1. Bettman, J. W., and Fellows, V.: Effect of Peripheral Vasodilator and Vasoconstrictor Drugs on Intraocular (Choroidal) Blood Volume , Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryngol 66:480-487, 1962. 2. Walsh, F. B.: Some Considerations Regarding Occlusive Vascular Disease , Amer J Ophthal 55:1-18, 1963. 3. Hickam, J. B.; Frayser, R.; and Ross, J. C.: Study of Retinal Venous Blood Oxygen Saturation in Human Subjects By a Photographic Technique , Circulation 27:375-385, 1963.Crossref 4. Frayser, R., and Hickam, J. B.: Retinal Vascular Response to Breathing Increased Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Concentrations , Invest Ophthal 3:427-431, 1964. 5. Schieve, J. F., and Wilson, W. P.: Changes in Cerebral Vascular Resistance of Man in Experimental Alkalosis and Acidosis , J Clin Invest 32:33-38, 1953.Crossref 6. Wechsler, R. L.; Kleiss, L. M.; and Kety, S. S.: Effects of Intravenously Administered Aminophylline on Cerebral Circulation and Metabolism in Man , J Clin Invest 29:28-30, 1930.Crossref 7. Shenkin, H. A.: Effects of Various Drugs Upon Cerebral Circulation and Metabolism in Man , J Appl Physiol 3:465-471, 1950. 8. Jayne, H. W., et al: Effect of Intravenous Papaverine Hydrochloride on Cerebral Circulation , J Clin Invest 31:111-114, 1952.Crossref 9. Krasno, L. R., and Ivy, A. C.: Response of Flicker Fusion Threshold to Nitroglycerin and Its Potential Value in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy of Subclinical and Clinical Cardiovascular Disease , Circulation 1:1267-1276, 1950.Crossref 10. Gellhorn, E., and Hailman, H.: Effect of Anoxia on Sense Organs , Fed Proc 2:122-126, 1943.

LAIBSON, PETER R.;McDONALD, P. ROBB

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030645009pmid: 14281980

Abstract After-cataract is a remnant of an extracapsular cataract extraction. It may also be seen following a discission or needling or a perforating injury involving the lens. The after-cataract may assume many forms. One of these configurations is a dense ring behind the iris and was first described by Soemmerring in 1828.1 This type of after-cataract is referred to as a "Soemmerring's ring." Dislocation of this ring has rarely been documented. A posterior dislocation is least commonly found and has never been removed operatively and reported. Cortical remains may be entrapped between the anterior and posterior capsule following a penetrating insult to the lens. The cells lining the anterior capsule may continue to form new lens fibers which are entrapped between the anterior and posterior capsular remnants. At times the capsular remains form a ring partly hidden behind the iris and only the edge may be visible through the pupillary References 1. Soemmerring, D. W.: Beobachtungen ueber die organischen Veränderungen im Auge nach Staaroperationen , W. L. Wesché, Frankfurt/M., 1828. 2. Arruga, A.: Dislocations of Soemmerring's Ring , Amer J Ophthal 36:1,727, 1953. 3. Guha, G. S.: After-Cataract, Soemmering's Ring and its Dislocation , J All-India Ophthal Soc 10:39, 1962. 4. Stokoe, N. L.: Soemmerring's Ring, Review and Three Illustrative Cases , Brit J Ophthal 41:348, 1957.Crossref 5. Wessely, K.: Ueber einen Fall von im Glaskörper flottirenden "Soemmerring'schen Crystallwulst," Arch f Augenheilk 66:277, 1910.

CARR, RONALD E.;GOURAS, PETER

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030648010pmid: 14281981

Abstract Introduction In 1907 Oguchi1 described a form of night blindness associated with a diffuse greyish discoloration of the fundus. Over the next 20 years more than 60 cases were observed, all by Japanese authors. In 1927 Scheerer2 reported the first European cases and since then, 24 patients with this disease have been reported on the continent. Klien,3 in 1939, discussed the first case seen in the United States, and follow-up reports on this patient were subsequently made by Wilder4 and Krill.5The features which differentiate most cases of this type of nyctalopia from other disorders of congenital stationary night blindness are the appearance of the fundus and the fact that prolonged dark adaptation will lead to a disappearance of the abnormal fundus coloration and normalization of all psychophysical testing parameters. Of note also is the peculiar histologic picture. The presence of an abnormally large number References 1. Oguchi, C.: Über die ergenartige Hemeralopie mit diffuser weissgaulicher Verfärbung des Augenhintergrundes , Graefe Arch Ophthal 81:109, 1912.Crossref 2. Scheerer, R.: Der erste sichere Fall von Oguchi's Krankheit ausserhalb Japan , Klin Mbl Augenheilk 78:811, 1927. 3. Klien, B.: Case of So-Called Oguchi's Disease in USA , Amer J Ophthal 22:953, 1939. 4. Wilder, H.: Oguchi's Disease , Amer J Ophthal 36:718, 1953. 5. Krill, A. E.: Clinical Electroretinography, Year Book of Ophthalmology (1959-1960 Series) , Chicago: Year Book Publishers, 1960, p 14. 6. Mann, I.: Developmental Abnormalities of Eye , ed 2, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1957, pp 147-149. 7. Gunkel, R. D., and Bornschein, H.: Automatic Intensity Control in Testing Dark Adaptation , Arch Ophthal 57:681, 1957.Crossref 8. Gouras, P., and Carr, R.: Electrophysiological Studies in Early Retinitis Pigmentosa , Arch Ophthal 72:104, 1964.Crossref 9. Mizuo, A.: On New Discovery in Dark Adaptation in Oguchi's Disease , Acta Soc Ophthal Jap 17:1148, 1913. 10. Nakamura, B.: Über ein neues Phenomen der Farberveränderung des menschlichen Augenhintergrundes in Zusammenhang mit der fortschreitenden Dunkeladaptation , Klin Mbl Augenheilk 65:83, 1920. 11. Gunkel, R. D., and Gouras, P.: Changes in Scotopic Visibility Thresholds With Age , Arch Ophthal 69:4, 1963.Crossref 12. Armington, J. C., and Schwab, G. J.: Electroretinogram in Nyctalopia , Arch Ophthal 52:725, 1954.Crossref 13. Adrian, E. D.: Rod and Cone Components in Electrical Response of Eye , J Physiol 105:24, 1946. 14. Kawakami, R.: Über die Vererbung der Oguchi'schen Krankheit , Klin Mbl Augenheilk 72:340, 1924. 15. Falls, H.: Role of Sex Chromosome in Hereditary Ocular Pathology , Trans Amer Ophthal Soc 50:421, 1952. 16. Takagi, R., and Kawakami, R.: Über das Wesen der Oguchischer Krankheit , Klin Mbl Augenheilk 72:349, 1924. 17. Yamanaka, M., and Iwamoto, S.: Family of Oguchi's Disease With Progressive Muscle Dystrophy From Parents With Retinitis Pigmentosa , Folia Ophthal Jap 13:672, 1962. 18. Oguchi, C.: Weitere Mitteilung über die Oguchischer Krankheit , Graefe Arch Ophthal 117:208, 1926.Crossref 19. Oguchi, C.: Zur Anatomie der sog. Oguchischer Krankheit , Graefe Arch Ophthal 115:234, 1924.Crossref 20. Yamanaka, T.: Existiert die Pigmentverschiebung im Retinalepithel im menschlichen Auge? Der erste Sektionsfall von sogenannter. Oguchischer Krankheit , Klin Mbl Augenheilk 73:742, 1924. 21. Kuwabara, Y.; Ishihara, K.; and Akiya, S.: Histopathological and Electron Microscopic Studies of Retina of Oguchi's Disease , Acta Soc Ophthal Jap 67:1323, 1963. 22. Unpublished data. 23. Rushton, W. A. H.: Dark-adaptation and Regeneration of Rhodopsin , J Physiol 156:166, 1961. 24. Carroll, F. D., and Haig, C.: Congenital Stationary Night Blindness Without Ophthalmoscopic or Other Abnormalities , Trans Amer Ophthal Soc 50:193, 1952. 25. Riggs, L. A.: Electroretinography in Cases of Night Blindness , Amer J Ophthal 38:70, 1954. 26. Goodman, G., and Bornschein, H.: Comparative Electroretinographic Studies in Congenital Night Blindness and Total Color Blindness , Arch Ophthal 58:174, 1957.Crossref 27. Schubert, G., and Bornschein, H.: Beitrag zur Analyse des menschlichen Elektroretinogramms , Ophthalmologica 123:396, 1952.Crossref 28. Muller, L. W.: Elektrophysiologie des Gesichtssinns , Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1959, pp 170-174. 29. Fontan, P.; Perdriel, G.; and Robert C.: Un cas de maladie d'Oguchi: Étude électrorétinographique , Soc d'Ophthal 62:375, 1962. 30. Feigenbaum, A.: Two Cases of Oguchi's Disease , Acta Med Orient 15-234, 1956. 31. Hirose, T.: Electroretinogram in Night Blindness , Acta Soc Ophthal Jap 56:732, 1952. 32. François, J.; Verriest, G.; and DeRouck, A.: La maladie d'Oguchi , Ophthalmologica 131:1, 1956.Crossref 33. Nagata, M.: Studies on Photopic ERG of Human Retina , Jap J Ophthal 7:96, 1963. 34. Dowling, J. E.: Neural and Photochemical Mechanisms of Visual Adaptation in Rat , J Gen Physiol 46:1287, 1963.Crossref 35. Cone, R. A.: Quantum Relation of Rat Electroretinogram , J Gen Physiol 6:1267, 1963.Crossref

SCHLAEGEL, T. F.;WEBER, JANET C.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030659011pmid: 14281982

Abstract Elevation of the sedimentation rate (SR) is a sensitive indicator in a host of ailments. As a general warning of organic troubles, it surpasses most other tests. While the SR test does not aid in the etiologic diagnosis of an individual case of uveitis, a study of it in a large series of uveitis patients is of possible interest in regard to the general subject of etiology and pathogenesis of uveitis. Method Four hundred ninety-one endogenous uveitis patients receiving a complete etiologic examination had a SR performed on the first visit by the method of Wintrobe.1 SR values of 10 mm per hour and below in males were considered normal, those from 11-15 discarded, and those 16 and up called abnormal. In female patients 0-20 was considered normal, values of 21-25 were discarded, and 26 and up called abnormal.The frequencies of normal and abnormal SR values were correlated References 1. Levinson, S. A., and MacFate, R. P.: Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis , ed 6, Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1961, pp 728-730. 2. Bedrossian, R. H.: Sedimentation Rate in Uveitis , Amer J Ophthal 44:393, 1957. 3. Wolkowicz, M. I., et al: Nonspecific Tests in Uveitis , Amer J Ophthal 48:502, 1959. 4. Woods, A. C.: Endogenous Inflammations of Uveal Tract , Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1961, pp 3-11. 5. Oksala, A.: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondylarthritis Ankylopoietica and Focal Infections in Acute Anterior Uveitis; Their Incidence, Effect on SR and Duration of Treatment , Acta Ophthal 38:322, 1960.Crossref 6. Siim J. Chr.: Human Toxoplasmosis , Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1960, p 60.

DRYDEN, ROBERT M.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030661012pmid: 14281983

Abstract The fact that occlusions of the central vein of the retina are frequently followed by secondary glaucoma is well known, but the relationship between preexisting chronic simple glaucoma and the subsequent development of central retinal vein occlusion has received less emphasis. The latter of the above relationships was first reported by Verhoeff in 1913.1 Subsequently other investigators have reported frequent correlation of unilateral retinal vein occlusion and chronic simple glaucoma.2-9 The current two-part study was performed to document the clinical and pathological manifestations of this condition. In the first group of patients histologic confirmation of central retinal vein occlusion was noted in enucleated eyes. An attempt was made in this group to correlate central retinal vein occlusion and chronic simple glaucoma. The second part of the study was a clinical one designed to determine the relative incidence of these two conditions. In the second group there was no References 1. Specimens studied from 1955 through the summer of 1962 were included. 2. Thanks must be extended to ophthalmologists who contributed cases and responded to the questionnaire. 3. Verhoeff, F. H.: Effect of Chronic Glaucoma on Central Retinal Vessels , Arch Ophthal 42:145-155, 1913. 4. Braendstrup, P.: Central Retinal Vein Thrombosis and Hemorrhagic Glaucoma , ACTA Ophthal ( (suppl 135) ) 1950. 5. Larsson, S., and Nord, B.: Some Remarks on Retinal Vein Thrombosis and Its Treatment With Anticoagulants , ACTA Ophthal 28:187-201, 1950.Crossref 6. Vannas, S., and Orma, H.: Experience of Treating Retinal Venous Occlusions With Anticoagulants and Antisclerosis Therapy , Arch Ophthal 58:812-828, 1957.Crossref 7. Becker, B., and Post, L. T.: Retinal Vein Occlusion, Clinical and Experimental Observations , Amer J Ophthal 34:677-686, 1951. 8. Bertelsen, T. I.: Relationship Between Thrombosis in Retinal Veins and Primary Glaucoma , ACTA Ophthal 39:603-613, 1961.Crossref 9. Vannas, S.: Glaucoma Due to Thrombosis of Central Vein of Retina , Ophthalmologica 142:266-280, 1961.Crossref 10. Waubke, T.: Secondary Glaucoma in Occlusion of Retinal Veins , Klin Mbl Augenheilk 136:224-230, 1960. 11. Vannas, S., and Tarkkanen, A.: Chamber Angle in Retinal Vein Occlusions With Glaucoma Involved , ACTA Ophthal 38:50-56, 1960.Crossref 12. Becker, B., and Hahn, K. A.: Topical Corticosteroids and Heredity in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma , Amer J Ophthal 57:543-551, 1964. 13. Behrman, S.: Retinal Vein Obstruction , Brit J Ophthal 46:336-342, 1962.Crossref 14. Hogan, M. J., and Zimmerman, L. E.: Ophthalmic Pathology , ed 2, Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1962, pp 64-66, 495. 15. Verhoeff, F. H.: Obstruction of Central Retinal Vein , Arch Ophthal 36:1-36, 1907.

EHLERS, NIELS

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030666013pmid: 14281984

Abstract The term "divided nevus" or in German "geteilte Naevus" was proposed by A. Fuchs in 1919 to designate the simultaneous occurrence of nevi on opposing parts of the upper and the lower lid. The two nevi form a unit when the lids are closed and are divided when the eye is opened. Fuchs (1919) reported six cases of this rare and peculiar disease. Previously von Michel (1908) had described two similar cases and later Bachstez (1923) and Bardelli (1935) each reported a case. Surgical treatment of divided nevi was reported in two cases by Collenza (1937) and in one case by Callahan (1946). In 1950 Fuchs reviewed the problem and reported three more cases, all of whom were Chinese. The following year Lo (1951) reported three cases among Chinese. Clinically the tumors are of varying size and of varying localization on the lids. The tumors on both lids behave as References 1. Bachstez: Wien Ophthal Ges, 1923 2. Bardelli: Spunti di chirurgia sociale Siena: Stab Artigrafiche San Bernardino, 1935 3. Callahan, A.: Removal of Adjacent Nevi of Eyelids , Amer J Ophthal 29:563-565, 1946. 4. Collenza: Boll Oculist 16:434, 1937 5. Fuchs, A.: Ueber geteilte Naevi der Augenlider , Klin Mbl Augenheilk 63:678-683, 1919. 6. Fuchs, A.: Divided Nevi of Eyelids , Urol Cutan Rev 54:88-90, 1950. 7. Lo, W. B.: Divided Nevus of Eyelids , Chin Med J 69:258-261, 1951 8. abstracted, Excerpta Med XII , 6:518, 1952. 9. von Michel, J.: Graefe Saemisch Hand Ges Augenheilk , 1908, vol 2, p 150. 10. Reese, A. B.: Tumors of Eye , ed 2, New York: Harper & Row, 1963, p 318.

MANSCHOT, W. A.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030668014pmid: 14281985

Abstract Boniuk and Zimmerman1 reported on 57 patients with choroidal melanomas who had been operated on for retinal detachment. These authors estimated that 2% of the choroidal melanoma cases on file in the Registry of Ophthalmic Pathology have had one or more operations for retinal detachment prior to enucleation. In our laboratory two such cases have been encountered, one of them being a case of ring melanoma.2 It was stated in both clinical reports that a retinal hole had been present; this hole, however, could not be detected by histological examination. Boniuk and Zimmerman3 emphasize that the presence of retinal holes or tears does not necessarily rule out a choroidal tumor, since retinal breaks are not infrequently seen in otherwise normal eyes. This statement is endorsed by Okun's4 finding of retinal breaks without detachment in approximately 5% of 250 autopsies, and by pictures of one of the References 1. Boniuk, M., and Zimmerman, L. E.: Occurrence and Behavior of Choroidal Melanomas in Eyes Subjected to Operations for Retinal Detachment , Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 66:642-658, 1962. 2. Manschot, W. A.: Ring Melanoma , Arch Ophthal 71:625-632, 1964.Crossref 3. Boniuk, M., and Zimmerman, L. E.: Problems in Differentiating Idiopathic Serous Detachments From Solid Retinal Detachments , Int Ophthal Clin 2:411-430, 1962.Crossref 4. Okun, E.: Gross and Microscopic Pathology in Autopsy Eyes. III. Retinal Breaks Without Detachment , Amer J Ophthal 51:369-391, 1961.

ABRAMS, J. D.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030671015pmid: 14281986

Abstract Descriptions of the various techniques of muscle recession in standard texts on strabismus and on ophthalmic surgery seem to agree on one point: they suggest that it is customary to sever the tendon from the globe before putting the muscle sutures into the sclera. The purpose of this communication is to indicate some of the advantages of leaving the disinsertion of the muscle until after the scleral sutures have been placed. The technique is standard practice for some surgeons but there is little if any record of it, hence the present note. After the conjunctival incision, Tenon's capsule is opened at one border of the muscle, a squint hook is inserted and the capsule is then split backwards along both edges of the muscle for an appropriate distance. Attachments to the muscle from the conjunctiva are cut through. A second squint hook is temporarily inserted beneath the muscle and moved

SCHEPENS, C. L.;FREEMAN, H. M.;THOMPSON, R. F.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030673016pmid: 14281987

Abstract The use of positioning and head exercises to unfold the inverted edge of a giant retinal break has been reported briefly.1 The inverted retinal flap of a superior giant break may unfold when the patient's head is lowered, as in the Trendelenburg position. In cases where complete unfolding is not accomplished with positioning, the addition of head exercises may achieve the desired result. Positioning and exercises generally are less effective when the patient is supine. They can be very effective when the patient is prone because the vitreous gel moves away from the inverted retinal flap and does not impede its unfolding. Once the retinal flap has unfolded, incarceration of the retina behind the posterior edge of the giant break before scleral buckling seems to be the best method of preventing reinversion and redetachment. It is necessary to incarcerate the retina with the patient in the most favorable position References 1. Instrument Shop, Retina Foundation. 2. Schepens, C. L.; Dobbie, J. G.; and McMeel, J. W.: Retinal Detachments With Giant Breaks: Preliminary Report , Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryngol 66:471-479, 1962.

ORDY, J. M.;SAMORAJSKI, T.;COLLINS, R. L.;NAGY, A. R.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030676017pmid: 14281988

Abstract Introduction In recent years, many theories and a vast amount of empirical data concerning vision have come from various scientific disciplines ranging from electron microscopy, photochemistry, physiology, and ophthalmology to experimental psychology. However, this vast amount of information on vision has been obtained almost exclusively from research on adult subjects. The experimental literature on the postnatal structural and functional development of the visual system in newborn primates is still very fragmentary even though it is generally accepted that high visual acuity must play a basic role in the development of visually-guided behavior of man and the diurnal subhuman primates. Since a number of visual reflexes can be elicited by light at birth or shortly after in newborn primate infants, it is commonly accepted that gross visual sensitivity to light is present at birth. However, in view of the methodologic difficulties in testing neonatal infants and the consequent lack of experimental References 1. Gorman, J. J.; Cogan, D. G.; and Gellis, S. S.: Apparatus for Grading Visual Acuity of Infants on Basis of Optokinetic Nystagmus , Pediatrics , 19:1,088-1,092, 1957. 2. Fantz, R. L.; Ordy, J. M.; and Udelf, M. S.: Maturation of Pattern Vision in Infants During First Six Months , J Comp Physiol Psychol 55:907-917, 1962.Crossref 3. Dayton, G. O., Jr., et al: Developmental Study of Coordinated Eye Movements in Human Infant , Arch Ophthal 71:865-870, 1964.Crossref 4. Ordy, J. M.; Massopust, L. C., Jr.; and Wolin, L. R.: Postnatal Development of Retina, Electroretinogram, and Acuity in Rhesus Monkey , Exp Neurol 5:364-382, 1962.Crossref 5. Ordy, J. M., et al: Visual Acuity in Newborn Primate Infants , Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 1964 , 115:677-680, 1964.Crossref 6. Weinstein, B., and Grether, W. F.: Comparison of Visual Acuity in Rhesus Monkey and Man , J Comp Physiol Psychol 30:187-195, 1940.Crossref 7. Weymouth, F. W., and Hirsh, M.: Relative Growth of Eye , Amer J Ophthal 27:317-328, 1950. 8. Dayton, G. O., Jr., et al: Developmental Study of Coordinated Eye Movements in Human Infant , Arch Ophthal 71:871-875, 1964.Crossref 9. Zetterstroem, B.: Studies on Postnatal Development of Electroretinogram in Newborn Infants, Eye Clinic , Karolinska Sjukhuset, Tryckeri AB Thule, Stockholm, 1956. 10. Horsten, G. P. M., and Winkelman, J. E.: Development of ERG in Relation to Histological Differentiation of Retina in Man and Animals , Arch Ophthal 63:232-242, 1960.Crossref 11. Kolmer, W.: "Entwicklung des Auges," XIX in W. v. Moellendorff (ed.), Handbuch der Mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen: Haut und Sinnesorgane , Berlin: Verlag von Julius Springer, 1936. 12. Mann, I.: Development of Human Eye , New York: Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1950. 13. Barber, A. N.: Embryology of Human Eye , St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Co., 1955. 14. Duke-Elder, S., and Cook, C.: System of Ophthalmology: III. Normal and Abnormal Development , St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Co., 1963, pp 291-313 15. Polyak, S.: Vertebrate Visual System , Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957. 16. Collins, R. L.: Photographic Elimination of Transiants Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, (PET) , 117:724-726, 1964.Crossref 17. David, G. B.; Mallion, K. B.; and Brown, A. W.: Method of Silvering "Golgi Apparatus" (Nissl Network) in Paraffin Sections of Central Nervous System of Vertebrates , Quart J Micr Sci 101:207-221, 1960. 18. Freeman, J., and Spurlock, B.: New Epoxy Embedment for Electron Microscopy , J Cell Biol 13:437-443, 1962.Crossref 19. Millonig, G.: Modified Procedure for Lead Staining of Thin Section , J Biophys Biochem Cytol 11:736-739, 1961.Crossref 20. Collins, R. L., et al: Reliability of Electroretinogram Latencies in Rhesus Monkey , Anat Rec 148:272, 1964.Crossref 21. Slataper, F. J.: Age Norms of Refraction and Vision , Arch Ophthal 43:455-481, 1950. 22. Gesell, A.; Ilg, I.; and Bullis, G.: Vision: Its Development in Infant and Child , New York: P. B. Hoeber, 1949. 23. Walls, G. L.: Vertebrate Eye , Bloomfield Hills, Mich: Cranbrook Press, 1942. 24. Zimmerman, R. R.: Analysis of Discrimination Learning Capacities in Infant Rhesus Monkey , J Comp Physiol Psychol 54:1-10, 1961.Crossref 25. Smelser, G. K.: Structure of Eye , New York: Academic Press, 1961. 26. Zetterstroem, B.: Flicker Electroretinography in Newborn Infants , Acta Ophthal 33:157-166, 1955.Crossref 27. Horsten, G. P. M., and Winkelman, J. E.: Electrical Activity of Retina in Relation to Histological Differentiation in Infants Born Prematurely and at Full-term , Vision Res 2:269-276, 1962.Crossref 28. Cohen, A. I.: Vertebrate Retinal Cells and Their Organization , Biol Rev 38:427-459, 1963.Crossref 29. Dartnall, H. J. A., and Tansley, K.: Physiology of Vision: Retinal Structure and Visual Pigments , Ann Rev Physiol 25:433-458, 1963.Crossref 30. Tokuyasu, G., and Yamada, E.: Fine Structure of Retina Studied With Electron Microscope: IV. Morphogenesis of Outer Segments of Retinal Rods , J Biophys Biochem Cytol 6:225-230, 1959.Crossref 31. Bonting, S. L.; Caravaggio, L. L.; and Gouras, P.: Rhodopsin Cycle in Developing Vertebrate Retina: I. Relation of Rhodopsin Content, Electroretinogram and Rod Structure in Rat , Exp Eye Res 1:14-24, 1961.Crossref 32. Himwich, W. A.: Biochemical and Neun physiological Development of Brain in Neonata Period , Int Rev Neurobiol 4:117-158, 1962.

LEIBOWITZ, HOWARD M.;ELLIOTT, JAMES H.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030689018pmid: 14281989

Abstract The cornea may be sensitized to a soluble protein antigen by the introduction of the antigen directly into the stromal lamellae. One type of reaction which follows such sensitization has been shown to be mediated by specifically induced humoral antibodies. Following a latent period of 10 to 14 days after sensitization, these antibodies combine with residual antigen within the stroma, resulting in the appearance of a clinically observable, pathologic corneal lesion. The lesion is generally manifest by perilimbal injection, small limbal hemorrhages, and a white annular opacity in the corneal stroma.1-5 It has been documented that the white corneal ring is composed of precipitated antigen-antibody complexes and inflammatory cells.6,7 It has also been shown that the immunogenic ring is accompanied by a large inflammatory focus located at the limbus of the involved eye. The predominant cellular element of this inflammatory focus is the plasma cell.2 By means References 1. Parks, J. J.; Leibowitz, H. M.; and Maumenee, A. E.: Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions in Cornea of Guinea Pig , J Immunol 89:323, 1962. 2. Parks, J. J.; Leibowitz, H. M.; and Maumenee, A. E.: Transient Stage of Suspected Delayed Sensitivity During Early Induction Phase of Immediate Corneal Sensitivity , J Exp Med 115:867, 1962.Crossref 3. Morawiecki, J.: Präzipitationsercheinungen in der lebenden Hornhaut bei Antigen-Antikörper-Reaktionen , Ophthalmologica 132:236, 1956.Crossref 4. Nelken, E., et al: Experimental Corneal Allergy: Correlation Between Clinical and Serological Findings , Amer J Ophthal 50:583, 1960. 5. Sery, T. W.; Pinkes, A. H.; and Nagy, R. M.: Immune Corneal Rings: I. Evaluation of Reactions to Equine Albumin , Invest Ophthal 1:672, 1962. 6. Germuth, F. G., Jr., et al: Observations on Site and Mechanisms of Antigen-Antibody Interaction in Anaphylactic Hypersensitivity , in Shaffer, J. H.; Lo Grippo, G. A.; and Chase, M. W.: Mechanisms of Hypersensitivity , Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1959, pp 155-162. 7. Germuth, F. G., Jr., et al: Immunologic Studies on Antigen-Antibody Reactions in Avascular Cornea: I. Reactions in Rabbits Actively Sensitized to Foreign Protein , J Exp Med 115:919, 1962.Crossref 8. Burkl, W., and Schwab, F.: Histologischer und immunhistologischer Nachweis der lokalen Antikörperbildung in der Hornhaut , v. Graefes Arch Ophthal 161:168, 1959.Crossref 9. Leibowitz, H. M., and Parks, J. J.: In Vitro Production of Antibody by Delayed Phase Corneal Limbal Lymphoid Foci , J Exp Med 117:197, 1963.Crossref 10. Leibowitz, H. M., and Elliott, J. H.: Antimetabolite Suppression of Corneal Hypersensitivity , Arch Ophthal 73:94, 1965.Crossref 11. Stavitsky, A. B., and Arquilla, E. R.: Studies on Proteins and Antibodies by Specific Hemagglutination and Hemolysis of Protein-Conjugated Erythrocytes , Int Arch Allerg 13:1, 1958.Crossref 12. Pearse, A. G. E.: Histochemistry—Theoretical and Applied , ed 2, Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1960. 13. Thygeson, J.: Differential Diagnosis of Viral Keratitis , Amer J Ophthal 58:300, 1964. 14. Kaufman, H. E.: Personal communication to the authors. 15. Kaufman, H. E., and Wood, R. M.: Mycotic Keratitis, Amer J Ophthal, to be published. 16. Halbert, S. P., and Ehrlich, G.: Some Aspects of Immunologic Factors in Corneal Grafts , Invest Ophthal 1:233, 1962. 17. Bursuk, G.: Arch Oftal 4:333, 1928 18. abstracted, Poleff: Zbl Ges Ophthal 20:789, 1929. 19. Thompson, R.; Gallardo, E.; and Khorazo, D.: Precipitins in Ocular Tissues of Rabbits Generally and Locally Immunized With Crystalline Egg Albumin , Amer J Ophthal 19:852, 1936. 20. Thompson, R., and Olson, V. H.: Antibody Production in Rabbit's Cornea , J Immunol 65:633, 1950. 21. Thompson, R., and Harrison, V. M.: Factors Affecting Antibody Production in the Rabbit's Cornea , Fed Proc 13:515, 1954. 22. Thompson, R.; Olson, V. H.; and Sibal, L. R.: Conditions For Demonstration of Local Peripheral Antibody Formation and Failure to Show Localization of Antibody by Antigen , J Immunol 79:508, 1957. 23. Schwab, F.: Untersuchungen über den Antikörpergehalt (Präcipitine) der Hornhaut nach gleichzeitiger Einverleibung verschiedener Antigene. Ein Beitrag zur Frage der lokalen Antikörperbildung in der Horhaut , Graefe Arch Ophthal 160:592, 1959. 24. Taliaferro, W. H., and Taliaferro, L. G.: Effect of X-rays on Immunity: Review , J Immunol 66:181, 1951. 25. Dixon, F. J.; Talmage, D. W.; and Maurer, P. H.: Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Phases in Antibody Response , J Immunol 68:693, 1952. 26. Uhr, J. W., and Scharff, M.: Delayed Hypersensitivity: V. Effect of X-Irradiation on Development of Delayed Hypersensitivity and Antibody Formation , J Exp Med 112:65, 1960.Crossref 27. Brooke, M. S.: Effect of Total Body X-irradiation of Rabbit on Rejection of Homologous Skin Grafts and on Immune Response , J Immunol 88:419, 1962. 28. Jacobson, L. O.; Robson, M. J.; and Marks, E. K.: Effect of X-Irradiation on Antibody Formation , Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 75:145, 1950.Crossref 29. Williams, W. L.; Stoner, R. D.; and Hale, W. M.: Correlation of Early Radiation Changes in Lymphatic Tissues With Anti-Toxin Producing Ability , Yale J Biol Med 28:615, 1956.Crossref 30. Seegal, D., and Seegal, B. C.: Local Organ Hypersensitiveness: III. Further Observations on Its Experimental Production in Eye , J Exp Med 54:249, 1931.Crossref 31. Silverstein, A. M.; Welter, S.; and Zimmerman, L. E.: Progressive Immunization Reaction in Actively Sensitized Rabbit Eye , J Immunol 86:312, 1961. 32. Witmer, R. H.: Experimental Leptospiral Uveitis in Rabbits , AMA Arch Ophthal 53:547, 1955.Crossref 33. Witmer, R. H.: Antibody Formation in Rabbit Eye Studied With Fluorescein-Labeled Antibody , AMA Arch Ophthal 53:811, 1955.Crossref 34. Silverstein, A. M.: Effect of X-Irradiation on Development of Immunogenic Uveitis , Invest Ophthal 2:58, 1963. 35. Leibowitz, H. M.; Parks, J. J.; and Maumenee, A. E.: Manifestations of Localized Hypersensitivity in Previously Sensitized Tissue , Arch Ophthal 68:66, 1962.Crossref 36. Silverstein, A. M.: Ectopic Antibody Formation in the Eye—Pathologic Implications, read before the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Third Uveitis Symposium, Bethesda, Md, Sept 5-7, 1963, to be published.

WOLTER, J. REIMER

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030698019pmid: 14281990

Abstract Ovoid bodies are a typical histologic detail of choroidal neurofibromatosis. In the literature these bizarre onion-like formations are mentioned in virtually all studies on ocular involvement in neurofibromatosis and much thought has been given to the question whether the ovoid bodies are nerve end formations or not.1-6 The present paper is to present evidence that nerves enter the ovoid bodies and branch in the spaces of their onion-like layers of Schwann cells in a delicate pattern. This very much resembles the arrangement of terminal nerves in human sensory end organs. Report of Case This 14-year-old boy was first seen on Sept 8, 1953, in this Eye Clinic by Dr. H. F. Falls. There was a history of right unilateral congenital buphthalmus and facial hyperplasia on the same side. The diagnosis of neurofibromatosis involving the eye had already been made early in his life. Several attempts at ocular surgery to References 1. Collins, E. T., and Batten, R. D.: Neurofibroma of Eyeball and Its Appendages , Trans Ophthal Soc UK 25:248, 1905. 2. Wheeler, J. M.: Plexiform Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's Disease) Involving Choroid, Ciliary Body and Other Structures , Amer J Ophthal 20:368, 1937. 3. Davis, F. A.: Plexiform Neurofibromatosis (Recklinghausen's Disease) of Orbit and Globe , Arch Ophthal 22:761, 1939.Crossref 4. Friedenwald, J. S., in Penfield, W.: Cytology and Cellular Pathology of Nervous System , New York: Hoeber Medical Div, Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc., 1932, p 1079. 5. Knight, M. S.: Critical Survey of Neoplasms of Choroid , Amer J Ophthal 8:791, 1925. 6. Wolter, J. R.; Gonzales-Sirit, R.; and Mankin, W. J.: Neurofibromatosis of Choroid . Amer J Ophthal 54:217, 1962. 7. Lisch, K.: Ueber Beteiligung der Augen, insbesondere das Vorkommen von Irisknoetchen bei der Neurofibromatose , Z Augenheilk 93:133, 1937. 8. Wolter, J. R., and Butler, R. G.: Pigment Spots of Iris and Ectropion Uveae, With Glaucoma in Neurofibromatosis , Amer J Ophthal 56:964, 1963. 9. Scharenberg, K., and Zeman, W.: Zur Leistungsfaehigkeit und zur Technik der Hortega'schen Silberkarbonatmethoden , Z Psychiat 188:430, 1952. 10. Wolter, J. R.: Hyper-regeneration of Corneal Nerves in Bullous Keratopathy , Amer J Ophthal 58:31, 1964. 11. Vrabec, F.: Sur les rapports des fibres nerveuses règènèrées de la cornée humaine avec les kérablastoes , Ophthalmologica 130:24, 1955.Crossref 12. Fabritius, R.: Hypertrophy of Corneal Nerves in Human Eye , Amer J Ophthal 58:21, 1964.

TOLENTINO, FELIPE I.;DONOVAN, RICHARD H.;FREEMAN, HAL M.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030702020pmid: 14281991

Abstract Rhegmatogenous * retinal detachment, retinal breaks, developmental abnormalities, degeneration of the peripheral retina, juxtapapillary staphyloma, chorioretinal dysplasia, and retinoschisis have been described in several breeds of dog.1-5 To determine whether clinically detectable changes in the vitreous body are related to these conditions, the vitreous cavities of 24 affected collies were examined in detail. This paper is a description of the biomicroscopic findings and their correlation with the fundus abnormalities previously reported in these animals.1 Materials and Methods The collies, 9 males and 15 females, ranged in age from 5 months to 4 years. A complete fundus drawing was made of each of the 48 eyes and was used as a guide for study of the vitreous with the Zeiss Opton slit lamp and a three-mirror contact lens. When a small palpebral fissure precluded the use of the standard three-mirror lens, an especially designed contact lens with an adjustable mirror References 1. Due to a retinal break 2. Liquefaction of the vitreous gel. 3. Freeman, H.; Donovan, R.; and Schepens, C. L.: Fundus Anomalies in Collie Dog, to be published. 4. Okun, E.; Rubin, L. F.; and Collins, E. M.: Retinal Breaks in Senile Dog Eye , Arch Ophthal 66:702-707, 1961.Crossref 5. Roberts, S. R.: Congenital Posterior Ecstasia of Sclera in Collie Dogs , Amer J Ophthal 50:451-465, 1960. 6. Everett, W. G.: Peripheral Cystic Degeneration of Retina: Preliminary Report , Amer J Ophthal 43:472-473, 1957. 7. Parry, H. B.: Degeneration of Dog Retina. II. Generalized Progressive Atrophy of Hereditary Origin , Brit J Ophthal 37:487-502, 1953.Crossref 8. Wolff, E.: Anatomy of Eye and Orbit , ed 4, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1954, p 119.

JOCSON, V. L.;GRANT, W. M.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030709021pmid: 14281992

Abstract During the past 80 years a number of studies have been performed on intrascleral vessels, but none of these investigations has really established whether connections between channels for aqueous outflow and vessels of the uveal vascular system deep within the sclera do or do not influence the outflow of aqueous humor from human eyes. This is a potentially significant consideration, especially in relation to glaucoma and its treatment. To gain more information on how freely blood vessels and aqueous outflow channels interconnect within the sclera, and how readily a fluid may flow from one of these systems to the other, we have carried out experiments in enucleated normal human eyes. Our results do not achieve the ultimate and difficult goal of clearly defining the functional relationship of uveal vessels to aqueous vessels, but we believe our testing of the interconnections offers a step in that direction. Methods We have employed References 1. The materials were purchased from Aloe Scientific Co., 1831 Olive St, St. Louis 03. 2. Ashton, N.: Anatomy and Pathology of Drainage Channels, Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences Symposium on Glaucoma , Oxford, Eng: Blackwell, 1955, pp 13-22. 3. Grant, W. M.: Experimental Aqueous Perfusion in Enucleated Human Eyes , Arch Ophthal 69:783-801, 1963.Crossref 4. Leber, T.: " Die Cirkulations -und Ernährungsverhältnisse des Auges ," Graefe-Saemisch Handbuch des ges Augenheilk , ed 2, 1903, vol 2 (pt 2) pp 1-89, 207-293. 5. Maggiore, L.: Struttura, comportamento e significato del canale di Schlemm nell'occhio umano in conditioni normale e patologiche , Ann Ottal 40:317-462, 1917.

HITZ, JOHN B.;O'DELL, LAWRENCE;HILL, CHARLOTTE W.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030723022pmid: 14281993

Abstract Introduction For sometime now, we have been intrigued with the possibility of treating retinal detachment by placing an inert substance in the suprachoroidal space in order to elevate the choroid over the area of the tear, draining the subretinal fluid and treating the retina and choroid with light coagulation. In order to further this idea, it was decided to test the tissue reactions of various types of silicone rubbers, Dow Corning Silastic, in the suprachoroidal space of the dog eye.Previously, one of us1 had attempted to insert polyethylene tubing and polyvinyl sponge into the suprachoroidal space after coagulating the choroid lightly with diathermy. The incidence of choroidal rupture and vitreous loss was too great to be practical.Recently, McDonald et al2 have placed silicone implants (Dow Corning Silastic 372) in the suprachoroidal space. These implants had a steel wire connected to them and were arranged so that References 1. Hitz, J. B.: Techniques in Retinal Detachment Surgery, Evaluation and Critique , Trans Amer Ophthal Soc 55:477-504, 1957. 2. McDonald, R. K.; Pierce, H.; and Basy, P. K.: Subscleral Implants , Amer J Ophthal 56:450-453 ( (Sept) ) 1953. 3. Girard, L. J.; Soper, J. W.; and McPherson, A. R.: Scleral Buckling , Arch Ophthal 67:409-421, 1962.Crossref 4. Bromley, S., et al: Use of Injectable Silastic in Treatment of Deformities of Facial Skeleton, abstracted , Bull Dow Corning Center for Aid to Med Res 6:11 (July, No. (3) ) 1964.

ADAMS, SAMUEL T.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030726023pmid: 14281994

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1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030748024pmid: 14281995

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.

SNYDER, CHARLES

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030751025pmid: 14281996

Straatsma, Bradley R.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030755026

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract CALENDAR OF COMING EVENTS COURSES AND MEETINGS Please. —Items for publication in this department are sent to the office of the AMA in Chicago two months prior to the time of issue of the Archives. Consequently, the editor of News and Comment must receive his material three months before publication date. Too many notices arrive too late for publication, to the disappointment of the sender and to the sadness of the editor. A little foresight would assure more certainty of publication. The editors are eager to be of service. Please help them. Postgraduate Program. —The Postgraduate Medical Program of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine will sponsor a conference on "Medical Diagnostic Applications of Ultrasound," May 20-21, 1965 at the Hilton Hotel, Pittsburgh. The program will include discussion of the basic principles relating to ultrasonic diagnostic applications and the most effective equipment development necessary to achieve maximum diagnostic information.

Breed, Frederic B.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030760029

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor: An article by Tom Harbin, MD, entitled "Correction of Spastic Entropion, an Effective Cautery Technique" appeared in the April 1965 issue of the Archives.His excellent results in the correction of this common condition by the use of cautery would be of great satisfaction to the late Dr. Ziegler, not only because Dr. Ziegler seems to have been the original proponent of this method, but also because there seem to be very few oculists currently using cautery for this problem. The lack of consistent results with any one form of treatment is probably the reason for the great volume of literature and the numerous operations described for this annoying defect.I share with Dr. Ziegler and Dr. Harbin their enthusiasm and confidence in this choice of treatment. During the last 12 years I have had the opportunity to treat or supervise the treatment of at least 70

Magnuson, Robert H.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030760027

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor: From the editorial in the February Archives, one would gather that all tiger tails do not extend from gasoline tanks. Dr. Allen's point is well taken, but his method of avoidance leaves much to be desired. Unless one is working in an "ivory tower" or for the government, judicious smears, scrapings, and cultures cannot be the first line of attack because of the extreme expense. All good ophthalmic clinicians should effectively treat over 99% of the external diseases they encounter without such tests. The remaining less than 1% should have all medication stopped while an attempt is made to determine the exact etiological agent. In our experience with this method, we have avoided these topical tigers.The Correspondence Section welcomes inquiries and comments of a general or specific nature. The Editors may try to answer some of the questions, but more valuable will be the answers volunteered

Allen, Henry F.

1965 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030760028

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Dr. Magnuson's letter was referred to Dr. Allen who offers the following reply: To the Editor: Although Dr. Magnuson's estimate of 99% treatment "by the seat of one's pants" seem optimistic, clinicians who correlate external ocular signs with etiologic agents can cope with most external ocular disease by empirical methods.The "extreme expense" of smears and scrapings seems inflated. A Wright's stain requires, not an "ivory tower," but, merely the microscope used in medical school. Cultures require a competent laboratory, but what other branch of medicine can do without them?