Archives of Ophthalmology

C., D.G.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030005001pmid: 13880169

Abstract High up on the list of "must" reading for ophthalmologists is, or should be, Javal's account of his own blindness.1 This is the introspective story of an ophthalmologist who, becoming blind from glaucoma, dedicated the later years of his life to an analysis of the thoughts and sensations of those who live in darkness. The bondage of blindness is dependence on other people. Javal points out some of the areas of dependence and describes the practical means he has found useful in avoiding them. For instance, articles of everyday usage should be kept in scrupulous order so that the blind will know exactly where to find them. A relatively stable environment is essential; a forced change in residence may be a catastrophe. To orient the blind in relation to their immediate environment and to their interlocutors, physical contact is of prime importance. The constant fear of the blind is References 1. Javal, E.: On Becoming Blind , English Edition, New York, The Macmillan Company, 1905. 2. Carroll, T. J.: Blindness , Boston, Little, Brown & Company, 1961. 3. Farrell, G.: The Story of Blindness , Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1956. 4. Finestone, S., and Gold, S.: The Role of the Ophthalmologist in the Rehabilitation of Blind Patients , New York, American Foundation for the Blind, 1959. 5. Kendrick, B.: Lights Out , New York, William Morrow & Co., Inc., 1945.

C., D.G.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030006002

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The conference on diabetic retinopathy, held at O'Hare Inn, Chicago, in May reflected two trends: first, the increasing attention which this disease, or complication of a disease, is receiving from a wide group of investigators, and secondly, the modern look in conferences with participants from all over the country gathering in meeting halls close by airfields where they can whisk in and whisk out. The present conference, graciously sponsored by the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, and ably organized by Dr. Frank Newell, was mainly concerned with microcirculation and the retina. It brought together ophthalmologists, internists, biochemists, cytogeneticists, physiologists, and histologists of both the classical and electron microscope varieties. Little of immediate practical value to the patient evolved, or was expected, but many penetrating studies were presented that may well have important practical consequences. Although diabetes is a common disease in some animals (dogs, hamsters, and mice) and

ABRAHAMSON, IRA A.;ABRAHAMSON, IRA A.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030008003pmid: 13859028

Abstract With all the progress and advancement in medical education of the lay public, we were amazed to find the occurrence of hypercarotenemia in this modern age. Since the condition is rare and was seen in 2 patients in less than 24 hours, we thought it was worth reporting in the medical literature. Carotenodermia, xanthosis cutis, pseudoicterus, or hyperlipochromemia, are all different terms used to describe a yellowish, or even orange-colored pigmentation of the skin, developing after excessive consumption of carotene-rich foods, such as carrots or carrot juice.1 Intake of large quantities of these products has been practiced by some diabetic patients and has erroneously been thought by many people to be the cure for many eye diseases, such as night blindness or cataracts. The yellowish pigment starts from the nasolabial folds and palms of the hands and gradually extends over the entire body, including the soles of the feet, References 1. Harris, R. S.; Marrian, G. F., and Thiamann, K. V.: Vitamins and Hormones , Vol. XII, New York, Academic, Press, Inc., 1954, pp. 70-86. 2. Spellberg, M. A.: Diseases of the Liver , New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1954, pp. 65-123. 3. Henschen, C.: A-Hypervitaminose des Menschen (atoxische Karotinosen und eigentliche A-Toxihose) , Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 71:331, 1941. 4. Oliver, T. K.: Chronic Vitamin A Intoxication , A.M.A. T. Dis. Child. 95:57, 1958.Crossref

SIMMONS, RICHARD J.;COGAN, DAVID G.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030012004pmid: 13913067

Abstract The classic syndrome of temporal arteritis has been the subject of much attention in general medical and ophthalmic literature, and its features are familiar to most ophthalmologists. However, little emphasis has been given to the fact that temporal arteritis may be a distinctly occult disease without sufficient symptoms and signs to alert the physician to its presence. Because of the devastating ocular complications of the disease and its potential reversibility by appropriate therapy, it is essential that ophthalmologists recognize temporal arteritis at the earliest possible stage of the disease. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the occult nature which this disease may assume and to document this occult form with 5 cases. Classical Temporal Arteritis Temporal arteritis was first described by Hutchinson in 1890,1 but attention was not attracted to it as a significant syndrome until Horton2 in 1932 described it in detail. Since this References 1. References 3, 13, 15, 16, 21, 23, 26, and 28. 2. A combination of tetracycline phosphate and nystatin. 3. References 3, 9, 11, 12, 19, 21, 23, and 27. 4. Hutchinson, J.: Diseases of Arteries , Arch. Surg. (London) 1:323, 1890. 5. Horton, B. T.; Magath, T. B., and Brown, G. E.: An Undescribed Form of Arteritis of the Temporal Vessel , Proc. Mayo Clin. 7:700, 1932. 6. Russell, R. W. R.: Giant-Cell Arteritis , Quart. J. Med. 28:471, 1959. 7. Font, J. H.: Otolaryngological Aspects of the Temporal Arteritis Syndrome , J.A.M.A. 174: 853, 1960.Crossref 8. Bodenhauser, J. H.: Uncommon Findings in Temporal Arteritis and an Etiologic Suggestion , Graefe Arch. Ophthal. 160:113, 1958.Crossref 9. Levy, S., and Liban, E.: Temporal Arteritis: Report of an Unusual Case , Harefuah 54:6, 1958. 10. Venturi, G.: Temporal Arteritis (L'Arterite temporale) , Arch. Ottal. 59:453, 1955. 11. Landblad, Y.: Temporal Arteritis Complicated by Iritis , Nord. Med. 56:1794, 1956. 12. Neu, H. J.: Günstiger Verlauf einer doppelseitigen Erblindung bei Arteriitis temporalis , Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 134:250, 1959. 13. Davenport, R. C.; Meadows, S. P., and Duguid, J. B.: Discussion: Inflammatory Vascular Diseases Affecting Eyes , Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K. 74:5, 1954. 14. Whitfield, A. G. W.; Cook, W. T.; Evans, P. J., and Rudd, C.: Temporal Arteritis and Its Treatment with Cortisone and ACTH , Lancet 1: 408, 1953.Crossref 15. Bennett, G.: Cortisone Therapy of Visual Loss in Temporal Arteritis , Brit. J. Ophthal. 40:430, 1956.Crossref 16. Jager, B. V.: in Harrison, T. R.: Principles of Internal Medicine , New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1958, p. 1708. 17. Cuperstein, R. I.: Affection of the Eyes in the Sensory Syndrome of Temporal Arteritis , Vestn. Oftal 3:11-17, 1958. 18. Meneely, J. K., Jr., and Bigelow, N. H.: Temporal Arteritis , Amer. J. Med. 14:46, 1953.Crossref 19. Savory, M.: in Sorsby, A.: Systemic Ophthalmology , St. Louis, The C. V. Mosby Company, 1958, p. 500. 20. Rizzini, V., and Frassineti, A.: A Fatal Case of Temporal Arteritis , Ophthalmologica (Basel) 130:178, 1955.Crossref 21. Spencer, W. H., and Hoyt, W. F.: A Fatal Case of Giant-Cell Arteritis, (Temporal or Cranial Arteritis) with Ocular Involvement , Arch. Ophthal. 64:862, 1960.Crossref 22. Birkhead, N. C.; Wagener, H. P., and Shick, R. M.: The Treatment of Temporal Arteritis with Adrenal Corticos Steroids , J.A.M.A. 163:821, 1957.Crossref 23. Wagener, H. P., and Hollenhorst, R. W.: Ocular Lesions of Temporal Arteritis , Amer. J. Ophthal. 45:617, 1958. 24. Palm, E.: The Ocular Crisis of the Temporal Arteritis Syndrome (Horton) , Acta Ophthal. 36:208, 1958.Crossref 25. Kreibig, W.: Optikomalazie, die Folge eines Gefässverschlusses im retrobulbären Abschnitt des Sehnerven . Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 122: 719, 1953. 26. Mosher, H. A.: The Prognosis in Temporal Arteritis , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 62:641, 1959.Crossref 27. Kendall, D.: Some Complications of Temporal Arteritis , Brit. Med. J. 2:418, 1953.Crossref 28. Bruce, G. M.: Temporal Arteritis as a Cause of Blindness , Amer. J. Ophthal. 33:1568, 1950. 29. Parsons-Smith, G.: Ophthalmic Manifestations of Temporal Arteritis , Brit. J. Ophthal. 36: 615, 1952.Crossref 30. Parsons-Smith, G.: Sudden Blindness in Cranial Arteritis , Brit. J. Ophthal. 43:204, 1959.Crossref 31. Fisher, C. M.: Ocular Palsy in Temporal Arteritis, I , Minn. Med. 42:1258, 1959. 32. Fisher, C. M.: Ocular Palsy in Temporal Arteritis II , Minn. Med. 42:1430, 1959. 33. Fisher, C. M.: Ocular Palsy in Temporal Arteritis III , Minn. Med. 42:1617, 1959. 34. Anderson, B.: Comments on Bruce's Paper on Temporal Arteritis , Trans. Amer. Ophthal. Soc. 47:300, 1949.

YONEMURA, DAIZO;AOKI, TATUO;TSUZUKI, KOSAI

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030023005pmid: 14009176

Abstract The classical electroretinogram (ERG) has been intensively studied, mainly concerning its initial deflections (a- and b- waves), in various diseases of the eye since the systematic work initiated by Karpe1 who defined several basic pathologic types of ERG. Several papers have appeared in relation to the classical ERG in diabetic retinopathy. François and Derouck3 recorded the ERG in advanced diabetic retinopathy exhibiting numerous hemorrhages and exudates and saw the values in normal limits. Müller-Limmroth4 and Schmöger5 stated that in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy the ERG was found to be normal. Jacobson6 believes that diabetic retinopathy usually does not compromise the ERG amplitude until the disease has reached far advanced stages, such as retinitis proliferans and detachment of the retina. Straub7 examined the ERG's of 24 diabetic patients with slight retinopathy, demonstrating that the ERG was normal in 20 cases and subnormal in References 1. Karpe, G.: The Basis of Clinical Electroretinography , Acta Ophthal. (Kbh.) (Suppl. 24) , 1945. 2. Karpe, G.: Apparatus and Method for Clinical Recording of the Electroretinogram , Doc. Ophthal. 2:268, 1948. 3. François, J., and Derouck, A.: L'Electroretinographie dans la retinopathie diabetique et dans la retinopathie hypertensive , Acta Ophthal. (Kbh.) 32:391, 1954.Crossref 4. Müller-Limmroth, W.: Elektrophysiologie des Gesichtsinns , Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1959, p. 178. 5. Schmöger, E.: Klinische Elektroretinographie , in Der Augenarzt, Part II , edited by K. Velhagen, Berlin, Georg Thieme, 1959, p. 815. 6. Jacobson, J. H.: Current Status of Clinical Electroretinography , Survey Ophthal. 5:539, 1960. 7. Straub, W.: Das Elektroretinogramm , in Bücherei des Augenarztes , Vol. 36, Stuttgart, Ferdinand Enke, 1961, pp. 99-102. 8. Karpe, G.; Kornerup, T., and Wulfing, B.: The Clinical Electroretinogram: VIII. The Electroretinogram in Diabetic Retinopathy , Acta Ophthal (Kbh.) 36:281, 1958.Crossref 9. Heck, J., and Rendahl, I.: Components of the Human Electroretinogram: An Analysis in Normal Eyes and in Colour Blindness; Preliminary Report , Acta Physiol. Scand. 39:167, 1957.Crossref 10. Bornschein, H., and Goodman, G.: Studies of the A-Wave in the Human Electroretinogram , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 58:431, 1957.Crossref 11. Yonemura, D.; Tsuzuki, K., in Aoki, T.: The Clinical Importance of the Oscillatory Potentials in the Human ERG, presented at The First International Society for Clinical Electroretinography Symposium in Stockholm, June 1-3, 1961, Acta Ophthal. Suppl., to be published. 12. Cobb, W. A., and Morton, H. B.: A New Component of the Human Electroretinogram , J. Physiol. 123:30 P, 1953. 13. Scott, G. I.: Ocular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus , Brit. J. Ophthal. 37:705, 1953.Crossref 14. Armington, J. C.; Johnson, E. P., and Riggs, L. A.: The Scotopic A-Wave in the Electrical Response of the Human Retina , J. Physiol. 118: 289, 1952. 15. Cordes, F. C.: The Diabetic: His Visual Prognosis , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 48:531, 1952.Crossref 16. Noell, W. K.: Studies on the Electrophysiology and the Metabolism of the Retina , Randolph Field, Texas, USAF School of Aviation Medicine, 1953, p. 64. 17. Kolder, H.: Hexachlorcyclohexan-Wirkung auf das Elektroretinogramm des Frosches , Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Exper. Path. Pharmakol. 220:433, 1953. 18. Armington, J. C.: Spectral Sensitivity of the Turtle, Pseudemys , J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 47:1, 1954.Crossref 19. Granit, R.: The Components of the Retinal Action Potential and Their Relation to the Discharge in the Optic Nerve , J. Physiol. 77:207, 1933. 20. Granit, R., and Helme, T.: Changes in Retinal Excitability Due to Polarization and Some Observations on the Relation Between the Processes in Retina and Nerve , J. Neurophysiol. 2:556, 1939. 21. Brindley, G. S.: Physiology of the Retina and Visual Pathway , London, Edward Arnold, 1960, p. 46. 22. Noell, W. K.: Studies on the Electrophysiology and the Metabolism of the Retina , Randolph Field, Texas, USAF School of Aviation Medicine, 1953, p. 74. 23. James, G. R.: Degeneration of Ganglion Cell Following Axonal Injury: An Experimental Study , Arch. Ophthal. 19:338, 1933.Crossref 24. Eayrs, J. T.: Relationship Between the Ganglion Cell Layer of the Retina and the Optic Nerve in the Rat , Brit. J. Ophthal. 36:453, 1952.Crossref 25. Leinfelder, P. J.: Retrograde Degeneration in the Optic Nerves and Tractus: An Experimental Study of Changes in the Axis Cylinders , Amer. J. Ophthal. 23:796, 1940. 26. Mitarai, G.: The Origin of the So-Called Cone Potential , Proc. Japan Acad. 34:299, 1958.Crossref 27. Takagi, S. F., and Shibuya, T.: Studies on the Potential Oscillation Appearing in the Olfactory Epithelium of the Toad , Jap. J. Physiol. 11: 23, 1961.Crossref 28. Wolter, J. R.: Diabetic Retinopathy , Amer. J. Ophthal. 51:1123 (May, (Pt. 2) ) 1961. 29. Ashton, N.: Vascular Changes in Diabetes with Particular Reference to the Retinal Vessels , Brit. J. Ophthal. 33:407, 1949.Crossref 30. Ballantyne, A. J.: Retinal Changes Associated with Diabetes and Hypertension: Comparison and Contrast , Arch. Ophthal. 33:97, 1945.Crossref 31. Cogan, D. G.; Toussaint, D., and Kuwabara, T.: Retinal Vascular Patterns , Arch. Ophthal. 66: 366, 1961.Crossref 32. Friedenwald, J. S.: Diabetic Retinopathy, The Fourth Francis I. Proctor Lecture , Amer. J. Ophthal. 33:1187, 1950.

SHAFFER, ROBERT N.;WEISS, DANIEL I.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030029006pmid: 13911111

Abstract Since 1905, when Heine described his neue glaucomoperation,14 cyclodialysis, this unique procedure has excited continuing interest. After a discussion concerning cyclodialysis and 1 of its complications, hypotony, we shall report on a case of long-standing postoperative hypotony (6 years) and the noteworthy result of therapy. The mode of action of cyclodialysis has been diligently sought. It was Heine's contention that his operation created a pathway through which aqueous could reach the suprachoroidal space, where it would be absorbed. Elschnig10 and then Barkan3 histologically demonstrated the presence of this surgically created pathway or cleft in the successfully cyclodialyzed eye. Some investigators16,19 believe that cyclodialysis promotes the escape of aqueous through the usual exit channels either by facilitating access to, or egress from, the canal of Schlemm. By photographing the aqueous veins before and after transcorneal cyclodialysis, an admittedly crude technique, Saeteren and Thomassen20 concluded that aqueous References 1. Ascher, K.: Some Details of the Technique of Cyclodialysis , Amer. J. Ophthal. 50:1207, 1960. 2. Bárány, E. H.: In Vitro Studies of the Resistance to Flow Through the Angle of the Anterior Chamber , Acta Soc. Med. Upsal. 50:260, 1954. 3. Barkan, O.: Cyclodialysis: Its Mode of Action , Arch. Ophthal. 43:793, 1950.Crossref 4. Barkan, O.; Boyle, S. F., and Maisler, S.: On the Surgery of Glaucoma: Mode of Action of Cyclodialysis , Amer. J. Ophthal. 19:21, 1936. 5. Becker, B., and Friedenwald, J. S.: Clinical Aqueous Outflow , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 50:557, 1953.Crossref 6. Becker, B., and Shaffer, R. N.: Diagnosis and Treatment of the Glaucomas , St. Louis, The C. V. Mosby Company, 1961. 7. Carbajal, U. M.: Cyclodiathermy-Dialysis , Amer. J. Ophthal. 48:341, 1959. 8. Dellaporta, A.: Fundus Changes in Postoperative Hypotony , Amer. J. Ophthal. 40:781, 1955. 9. Duke-Elder, W. S.: Text-Book of Ophthalmology , Vol. 3, St. Louis, The C. V. Mosby Company, 1941, p. 2945. 10. Elschnig, A.: Zur Wirkungsweise der Cyklodialyse , Ber. Deutsch Ophthal. Ges. 49:277, 1932. 11. Goldmann, H.: Über die Wirkungsweise der Cyclodialyse , Ophthalmologica 121:94, 1951.Crossref 12. Gorin, G.: Action of DFP on Cyclodialysis Clefts , Amer. J. Ophthal. 50:789, 1960. 13. Grant, W. M.: Clinical Measurements of Aqueous Outflow , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 46:113, 1951.Crossref 14. Heine, L.: Die Cyklodialyse: Eine Neue Glaucomoperation , Deutsch. Med. Wschr. 31:824, 1905.Crossref 15. Huggert, A.: Obstruction of the Outflow of Aqueous Humour, Produced Experimentally , Acta Ophthal. (Kbh.) 35:1, 1957.Crossref 16. Kleinert, H.: Zur Frage des Kammerwasserabflusses Nach Cyclodialyse , Ophthalmologica 128:43, 1954.Crossref 17. Kronfeld, P. C.: The Fluid Exchange in the Successfully Cyclodialyzed Eye , Trans. Amer. Ophthal. Soc. 52:249, 1954. 18. Levene, R. Z., and Bloomgarden, C.: Experimental Decrease of Aqueous Outflow in the Rabbit , Arch. Ophthal. 66:273, 1961.Crossref 19. O'Brien, C. S., and Weih, J.: Cyclodialysis , Arch. Ophthal. 42:606, 1949.Crossref 20. Saeteren, T., and Thomassen, T. L.: The Escape of Aqueous Humor After Cyclodialysis , Acta Ophthal. (Kbh.) 35:372, 1957.Crossref 21. Salus, R.: Die Zyklodialyse , Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 64:433, 1920. 22. Sears, M. L., and Bárány, E. H.: Outflow Resistance and Adrenergic Mechanisms , Arch. Ophthal. 64:839, 1960.Crossref 23. Sugar, H. S.: Gonioscopy and Glaucoma , Arch. Ophthal. 25:674, 1941.Crossref 24. Sugar, H. S.: The Glaucomas , Ed. 2, New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., Medical Book Department of Harper & Brothers, 1957. 25. Vannas, M., and Björkenheim, B.: On Hypotony Following Cyclodialysis and Its Treatment , Acta Ophthal. (Kbh.) 30:63, 1952. 26. Viikari, K., and Tuovinen, E.: On Cyclodialysis Surgery in the Light of Follow-Up Examination , Acta Ophthal. (Kbh.) 35:528, 1957.Crossref 27. Viikari, K., and Tuovinen, E.: On Hypotony Following Cyclodialysis Surgery , Acta Ophthal. (Kbh.) 35:543, 1957.Crossref 28. Weekers, R., and Prijot, E.: Recherches expérimentales sur les fonctions des veines aqueuses , Ophthalmologica 119:321, 1950.Crossref 29. Chandler, P. A., and Maumenee, A. E.: A Major Cause of Hypotony , Amer. J. Ophthal. 52:609, 1961.

GOLDBERG, ROBERT T.;JAMPEL, ROBERT S.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030036007pmid: 13899711

Abstract Voluntary nystagmus is a rhythmic, rapid, to and fro movement of the eyes, brought on and maintained by conscious effort. The purpose of this paper is to report three siblings with this phenomenon. These patients are unique in that the familial occurrence of voluntary nystagmus has not yet been reported. Motion picture and electro-oculographic records demonstrated that the nystagmus could be produced without the help of fixation or visual stimuli. It was also shown that the nystagmus was symmetrical and of high frequency, that the frequency of the nystagmus was constant despite variations in amplitude, and that the duration of the nystagmus produced by a single voluntary effort was short. Methods The voluntary nystagmus of the 3 siblings was recorded photographically with a Bolex 16 mm. motion-picture camera, using a 25 mm. lens and a 50 mm. telephoto lens at film speeds of 16 and 64 frames per second. Electro-oculographic References 1. Ball, J. M.: Voluntary Unilateral Nystagmus , Amer. J. Ophthal. 4:673, 1921. 2. Brückner, A.: Zur Kenntnis des sogennanten willkürlichen Nystagmus , Z. Augenheilk. 37:184, 1917. 3. Cogan, D.: Neurology of the Ocular Muscles , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, 1956, p. 193. 4. Duke-Elder, S.: Text-Book of Ophthalmology , Vol. 4, London, Henry Kimpton, 1949, pp. 4238-4239. 5. Friedenwald, H.: Voluntary Nystagmus , Amer. J. Ophthal. 9:364, 1926. 6. Friedman, M. W., and Blodget, R. M.: Voluntary Ocular Fibrillation , Amer. J. Ophthal. 39:78, 1955. 7. Jaworska, M.: Voluntary Nystagmus , Klin. Oczna 31:63, 1961. 8. Kestenbaum, A.: Clinical Methods of Neuro-Ophthalmologic Examination , New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1961, p. 389. 9. Kirby, D. B.: Voluntary Nystagmus , Amer. J. Ophthal. 8:810, 1925. 10. Luhr, A. F., and Eckel, J. L.: Fixation and Voluntary Nystagmus , Arch. Ophthal. 9:625, 1933.Crossref 11. Rucker, C. W.: Nystagmus , Amer. J. Ophthal. 36:250, 1953. 12. Smith, H. C., and Riesenman, F. R.: Unusual Forms of Nystagmus , Arch. Ophthal. 33:13, 1945.Crossref 13. Walsh, F. B.: Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology , Baltimore, The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1957, p. 270. 14. Westheimer, G.: A Case of Voluntary Nystagmus , Ophthalmologica 128:300, 1954.Crossref

REINECKE, ROBERT D.;KINDER, ROBERT S. L.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030040008pmid: 14491257

Abstract Five patients who had acute chemical erosion of the cornea secondary to the pediculocide A-200 Pyrinate * have been seen at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary in the past 8 months. The symptoms were acute and severe, but complete healing ensued. All patients were between ages 3 and 8 years, and all had recently applied A-200 Pyrinate to the head region. Two patients were injured with the undiluted agent, 3 with the diluted agent. The agent was diluted when the patients rinsed their hair, which had been previously treated with A-200 Pyrinate. One of the latter patients had gone swimming and allowed water from her hair to run in her eyes immediately after immersion of her head. All patients were examined within 5 hours following the corneal injury, and all showed similar signs. These consisted of blepharospasm, which was relieved with topical anesthetics; absence of the epithelium over most of References 1. A-200 Pyrinate is composed of pyrethrins 0.15%, piperonyl butoxide 1.5%, deodorized kerosene 5%, and inert ingredients (including the detergent) 93.5%. A portion of the testing materials was provided by Norcliff Laboratories, the producer of A-200 pyrinate.

SCHEIE, HAROLD G.;MUIRHEAD, J. FRASER

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030041009pmid: 14498145

Abstract The site of incision for cataract extraction after filtering operations has been a subject of prolonged debate. This presents a serious problem because of the close relationship to delayed reformation of the anterior chamber and failure of the filtering cicatrix with recurrence of glaucoma. The literature was reviewed, and a technique for cataract extraction through a perpendicular incision made superiorly in clear cornea with no conjunctival flap was described by one of us (H.G.S.) in 1956.1 Encouraging results from operating upon 22 eyes were reported. The present paper describes certain modifications of that technique and the results in operating on 65 eyes. These results are compared also with extraction by 2 other methods: (1) a 2-plane incision, as for conventional cataract extraction, made inferiorly with a small conjunctivalcorneal flap; and (2) the same incision made superiorly, the filtering operation having been done inferiorly to permit routine cataract extraction above. References 1. Drawings showing technique for extraction superiorly, through clear cornea: A, Small scratch incision made perpendicularly through clear cornea just within the limbus over the temporal pillar; fixation by scleral pick. Nasal incision avoided because bridge of nose interferes with subsequent insertion of scissors to enlarge incision toward the temporal side. B, Incision extended just within the limbus using corneal scissors cutting at right angles to surface of cornea. Perpendicular incision avoids overhanging ledge. C, Sutures inserted as wound is enlarged to minimize lateral displacement of wound edges. Double-armed appositional mattress suture placed through wound edges, one arm at 11:30 and the other at the 12:30 o'clock meridian. D, Incision enlarged nasally to horizontal meridian. E, Two supplementary sutures placed at 9:30 to 10:30 o'clock. F, Incision enlarged temporally to horizontal meridian. G, Supplementary sutures inserted at 1:30 and 2:30 o'clock. H, Loops of sutures retracted by muscle hook. Free ends of mattress suture at 12:00 o'clock grasped to permit rapid closure of incision upon delivery of lens. I, Lens delivered by tumbling. Traction on ends of mattress suture to close incision. J, Eye protected by mattress suture; supplementary sutures tied. K, Loop of mattress suture pulled downward and divided to provide 2 sutures. L, Divided mattress suture tied. M, Final appearance of eye. 2. Scheie, H. G.: A Method of Cataract Extraction Following Filtering Operations for Glaucoma , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 55:818, 1956.Crossref

KRILL, A. E.;DIAMOND, M.;ISER, G.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030046010pmid: 14459666

Abstract The value of ophthalmodynamometry as a diagnostic aid in carotid artery disease has been established and so have its limitations.1-6 The use of electroretinography for clinical evaluation of the carotid artery system was suggested by previous studies in animals7,8 and in 1 human subject.9 Granit demonstrated a selective disappearance of the b-wave during carotid compression in cats.7 The b-wave resumed a normal amplitude after release of the compression. Horsten and Winkelman showed a gradual, complete disappearance of the a- and b-wave in cats with carotid clamping for 7½ to 15 minutes.8 After release of the clamp, both waves reappeared; however, these were sometimes of smaller amplitude than before clamping, suggesting permanent retinal damage. The greater sensitivity of the b-wave to retinal ischemia was suggested by the faster disappearance and slower reappearance. Kriz found a consistently larger ERG from the right eye References 1. A difference of 5μv.-10μv. (depending on the calibration) could be measured from the film record and 12.5μv. from the paper record. 2. Silverstein, A., et al.: Relation of Certain Diagnostic Features of Carotid Occlusion to Collateral Circulation , Neurology (Minneap.) 10: 409, 1960.Crossref 3. Tindall, G. T., et al.: Simultaneous Determinations of Retinal and Carotid Artery Pulses , Neurology (Minneap.) 10:623, 1960.Crossref 4. Thomas, M. H., and Petrohelos, M. A.: Diagnostic Significance of Retinal Artery Pressure in Internal Carotid Involvement , Amer. J. Ophthal. 36:335, 1953. 5. Hollenhorst, R. W.: The Ocular Manifestations of Internal Carotid Arterial Thrombosis , Med. Clin. N. Amer. 44:897, 1960. 6. Heyman, A., et al.: Determination of Retinal Arterial Pressures in Diagnosis of Carotid Artery Occlusion , Neurology 7:97, 1957.Crossref 7. Van Allen, M. W., et al.: Retinal Artery Blood Pressure Measurements in Diagnosis and Surgery of Spontaneous Carotid Occlusions , Neurosurg. 16:19, 1958.Crossref 8. Granit, R.: Sensory Mechanisms of the Retina , New York, Oxford University Press, p. 46, 1947. 9. Horsten, G. P. M., and Winkelman, J. E.: Effect of Temporary Occlusion of Aorta on Electroretinogram , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 57: 557, 1957.Crossref 10. Kriz, K.: Vyznam elecktroretinografie pri trombose arteria carotis interna (The Importance of Electroretinographic Examination in Thrombosis of the Internal Carotid Artery) , Cesk. Ofthal. 11:307, 1955. 11. Magitot, A. P.: How to Know the Blood Pressure in the Vessels of the Retina , Amer. J. Ophthal. 5:777, 1922. 12. Alpern, M.: Personal communication to the author. 13. Henkes, H.: Electroretinography: An Evaluation of the Influence of the Retinal and General Metabolic Condition on the Electrical Response of the Retina , Amer. J. Ophthal. 42:67, 1957. 14. Henkes, H.: Electroretinogram in Circulatory Disturbances of Retina: Electroretinogram in Cases of Occlusion of Central Retinal Vein or One of Its Branches , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 49: 190, 1953.Crossref 15. Henkes, H.: Electroretinography in Circulatory Disturbances of the Retina: Electroretinogram in Cases of Occlusion of Central Retinal Artery or One of Its Branches , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 49:190, 1953.Crossref

SCHWARTZ, OSCAR;JAMPEL, ROBERT S.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030056011pmid: 13909723

Abstract Congenital blepharophimosis (Phimosis Palpebrum, von Ammon, 1841)1 is described as a general diminution of the palpebral aperture in all its dimensions but with the eyelids normally differentiated.2 It is exemplified by Atkinson's report3 of an adult woman with a palpebral aperture 8 mm. long and 3 mm. wide. Blepharophimosis was dominant in the family pedigrees studied by Dimitry,4 Waardenburg,5 and Klein.6 In a series of 153 cases of ptosis of genetic origin, Edmund7 found 12 cases of congenital blepharophimosis. After hereditary studies, these 12 cases were expanded to 23, of which 8 were isolated cases and 15 were present in 2 families. Eye defects associated with congenital blepharophimosis2,6,7 include strabismus, nystagmus, amblyopia, microphthalmus, anophthalmus, ptosis, epicanthus, inverse epicanthus, microcornea, and hypermetropia. Calmettes8 reported patients with macular heterotopia associated with blepharophimosis. Other defects observed2,7 with blepharophimosis include asymmetry of the ears, References 1. von Ammon, F. A.: Klinische Darstellungen der Krankheiten und Bildungsfehler des Menschlichen Auges, der Augenlider, und der Thränewerkzeuge , Berlin, G. Reimer, 1838-1841. 2. Duke-Elder, S.: Text-Book of Ophthalmology, Vol. 5: Ocular Adnexa , St. Louis, The C. V. Mosby Company, 1952. 3. Atkinson, D. T.: External Diseases of the Eye , London, Butterworth & Co., 1934. 4. Dimitry, T. J.: Hereditary Ptosis , Amer. J. Ophthal. 4:655, 1921. 5. Waardenburg, P. J.: Das menschliche Auge und seine Erbanlagen , Haag, Nijhoff, 1932. 6. Klein, M.: Hereditary Bilateral Ptosis and Blepharophimosis Associated with Other Developmental Abnormalities of the Outer Eye , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 43:1025, 1950. 7. Edmund, J.: Blepharophimosis Congenita , Acta Genet. (Basel) 7:279, 1957. 8. Calmettes, L.; Deodati, F., and Amalric, P.: Hétérotopie maculaire, associeé à un blépharophimosis, au cours de deux générations , Bull. Soc. Belge Ophtal. No. 114:516, 1957. 9. Hughes, W. L.: Surgical Treatment of Congenital Palpebral Phimosis: Y-V Operation , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 54:586, 1955.Crossref 10. Johnson, C. C.: Operations for Epicanthus and Blepharophimosis: An Evaluation and a Method for Shortening the Medial Canthal Ligament , Amer. J. Ophthal. 41:71, 1956. 11. Spaeth, E. B.: Further Considerations on the Surgical Correction of Blepharophimosis (Epicanthus) , Amer. J. Ophthal. 41:61, 1956. 12. Aronson, S. M., and Volk, B. W.: Studies on Serum Aldolase Activity in Neuromuscular Disorders: 1. Clinical Applications , Amer. J. Med. 22:414, 1957.Crossref 13. Banker, B. Q.; Victor, M., and Adams, R. D.: Arthrogryposis Multiplex Due to Congenital Muscular Dystrophy , Brain 80:319, 1957.Crossref 14. Sheldon, W.: Amyoplasia Congenita (Multiple Congenital Articular Rigidity: Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita) , Arch. Dis. Child. 7:117, 1932.Crossref 15. Middleton, D. S.: Studies on Prenatal Lesions of Striated Muscle as Cause of Congenital Deformity; Congenital Tibial Kyphosis; Congenital High Shoulder, Myodystrophia Foetalis Deformans , Edinburgh Med. J. 41:401, 1934. 16. Price, D. S.: Case of Amyoplasia Congenita, with Pathological Report , Arch. Dis. Child. 8:343, 1933.Crossref 17. Brandt, S.: Case of Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenital Anatomically Appearing as Foetal Spinal Muscular Atrophy , Acta Paediat. (Upps.) 34:365, 1947.Crossref 18. Gilmour, J. R.: Amyoplasia Congenita , J. Path. Bact. 58:675, 1946.Crossref 19. Kanof, A.; Aronson, S. M., and Volk, B. W.: Arthrogryposis; Clinical and Pathological Study of 3 Cases , Pediatrics 17:532, 1956.

GEERAETS, WALTER J.;WILLIAMS, RAY C.;HAM, WILLIAM T.;GUERRY, DUPONT

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030062012pmid: 13897481

Abstract In previous articles1,2 the authors have discussed the spectral absorption characteristics of human and rabbit eyes. The distribution of energy, absorbed by the different fundus pigments has been determined for light of uniform intensity, for the XBO 2001 Xenon high pressure lamp as used in the Zeiss light coagulator, and for radiant energy emitted by a black body at 5,600 K. In the present paper the role of blood flow in retinal burn production is reported. The influence of blood flow on the production of fundus threshold burns was studied in the rabbit fundus by comparing the amount of energy necessary to produce threshold lesions before and immediately after the animals were killed. Since the required energy for the production of such lesions depends, in part, on the retinal image size, this factor was kept constant throughout the experiment. Methods and Materials Variation due to differences in fundus pigmentation References 1. Geeraets, W. J.; Williams, R. C.; Chan, G.; Ham, W. T., Jr.; Guerry, D., and Schmidt, F.: The Loss of Light Energy in Retina and Choroid , Arch. Ophthal. 64:606, 1960.Crossref 2. Geeraets, W. J., et al.: The Distribution of Light Absorbed in Retina and Choroid, submitted for publication.

ENGERMAN, RONALD L.;BUESSELER, JOHN A.;MEYER, ROLAND K.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030066013pmid: 13890263

Abstract Introduction Study of the vasculature in rat retina has been largely dependent upon methods which involve intravascular injection or serial tissue sections. The method that Friedenwald and Becker developed (Friedenwald, 1949), whereby human retinae were stained with a periodic acid-Schiff reaction and examined as flat mounts, revealed the vascular tree by staining its endothelial basement membrane. The method has appeared to offer a convenient and new approach to studies of retinopathy in the rat. However, the method has been reported to overstain rat retina (Keeney and Barlow, 1955, 1956), and a similar difficulty has been encountered with other mammalian retinae unless autolyzed prior to fixation. Kuwabara and Cogan (1960) have digested retinae of rats and other mammals with trypsin and have removed the extravascular tissue, the resulting networks of vessels later being stained with hematoxylin and eosin in addition to a periodic acid-Schiff reaction.Keeney and Barlow (1956) reported that References 1. Reagents described by Hotchkiss (1948), Friedenwald (1949). 2. Bruns, L.: Vergleichend-anatomische Studien über das Blutgefässsystem der Netzhaut , Z. Vergleich. Augenheilk. 1:77, 1882. 3. Engerman, R. L.; Buesseler, J. A., and Meyer, R. K.: Flat Preparation of the Rat Retina Stained with PAS, presented at the Meeting of the Midwest Section of the Association for Research in Ophthalmology, Denver, April 18-19, 1959 4. abstracted, Amer. J. Ophthal. 47:881, 1959. 5. Friedenwald, J. S.: A New Approach to Some Problems of Retinal Vascular Disease , Amer. J. Ophthal. 32:487, 1949. 6. Hotchkiss, R. D.: A Microchemical Reaction Resulting in the Staining of Polysaccharide Structures in Fixed Tissue Preparations , Arch. Biochem. 16:131, 1948. 7. Keeney, A. H., and Barlow, F. D.: Supplemental Testosterone and Estrone in Alloxan Diabetes in the Rat , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 53:407, 1955.Crossref 8. Keeney and Barlow, F. D.: Histologic Methods in the Study of Retinal Vascular Patterns in the Albino Rat , Amer. J. Ophthal. 42:554, 1956. 9. Kuwabara, T., and Cogan, D. G.: Studies of Retinal Vascular Patterns: Part I. Normal Architecture , Arch. Ophthal. 64:904, 1960.Crossref 10. Lillie, R. D.: Histopathologic Technic and Practical Histochemistry , New York, Blakiston Co., Division of McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1954. 11. Lison, L.: Histochimie et Cytochimie Animales: Principes et Methodes , Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1953. 12. Wolman, M., and Greco, J.: The Effect of Formaldehyde on Tissue Lipids and on Histochemical Reactions to Carbonyl Groups , Stain Techn. 27:317, 1952.

LEIBOWITZ, HOWARD M. I.;PARKS, JAMES J.;MAUMENEE, A. EDWARD

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030070014

Abstract One of the consequences of introducing an antigen into the tissues of an animal is the induction of a specific hypersensitive state. The characteristics of this state are such that reexposure to the antigen, in amounts that are innocuous in the normal animal, produces in the sensitized animal a toxic and exaggerated inflammatory reaction. The specificity of the reaction is such that it can be induced only by the sensitizing antigen, by nonantigenic haptenic fragments of the antigen, or by substances serologically related to it. It is a well-documented observation that the eye, as an integral part of the body, participates in generalized systemic hypersensitivity reactions.1 This observation, however, fails to explain a specific local reaction of the eye in the absence of systemic allergic manifestations.2,3 The idea of a local, selective tissue sensitization per se has been of great interest to ophthalmologists for many years, especially with References 1. Theodore, F. H., and Lewson, A. C.: Bilateral Iritis Complicating Serum Sickness , Arch. Ophthal. 21:828, 1939Crossref 2. Anneberg, A. R.: Corneal Reaction to Weed Pollen , Amer. J. Ophthal. 21:1265, 1938. 3. Dean, A. B.; Dean, F. W., and McCutchan, G. R.: Interstitial Keratitis Caused by Specific Sensitivity to Ingested Foods , Arch. Ophthal. 23: 48, 1940.Crossref 4. Woods, A. C.: Endogenous Uveitis , Baltimore, The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1956. 5. Rich, A. R., and Follis, R. H., Jr.: Studies on the Site of Sensitivity in the Arthus Phenomenon , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 66:106, 1940. 6. Ovary, Z.: Immediate Reactions in the Skin of Experimental Animals Provoked by Antigen-Antibody Interaction , Progr. Allergy 5:459, 1958. 7. Wessely, K.: Über anaphylaktische Erscheiningen an der Hornhaut (Experimentelle Erzeugung einer parenchymatösen Keratitis durch artfremdes Serum) , Muench. Med. Wschr. 58: 1713, 1911. 8. Germuth, F. G.; Maumenee, A. E.; Pratt-Johnson, J.; Senterfit, L. B.; Van Arnam, C. E., and Pollack, A. D.: Observations on the Site and Mechanisms of Antigen-Antibody Interactions in Anaphylactic Hypersensitivity , Amer. J. Ophthal. 46:282 (Nov. (Pt. 2) ) 1958. 9. Breebaart, A. C., and James-Witte, J.: Studies on Experimental Corneal Allergy , Amer. J. Ophthal. 48:37, 1959. 10. Schwab, F.: Untersuchungen über den Antikorpergehalt (Präcipitine) der Hornhaut nach gleichzeitinger Einverleibung verschiedener Antigene: Ein Beitrag zur Frage der lokal en Antikörperbildung in der Hornhaut , Graefe Arch. Ophthal. 160:592, 1959.Crossref 11. Brown, A. L.: Considerations Underlying the Experimental Production of Uveitis , Amer. J. Ophthal. 15:19, 1932. 12. Woods, A. C.: Use of Specific Streptococcus Vaccine in Nongranulomatous Uveitis , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 50:129, 1953.Crossref 13. Woods, A. C.: The Influence of Hypersensitivity on Endogenous Uveal Disease (Jackson Memorial Lecture) , Amer. J. Ophthal. 30:257, 1947. 14. Parks, J. J.; Leibowitz, H. M. I., and Maumenee, A. E.: A Histological Study of the Cellular Response to Intracorneal Inoculation of Protein Antigens in Rabbits: II. The Anamnestic Response, to be published. 15. Fagraeus, A.: The Plasma Cellular Reaction to the Formation of Antibodies in Vitro , J. Immun. 58:1, 1948. 16. Good, R. A.: Effect of Passive Sensitization and Anaphylactic Shock on Rabbit Bone Marrow , Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 67:203, 1948.Crossref 17. Ehrich, W. E.: The Significance of the Tissue Reactions Caused by Antigens , J.A.M.A. 135:94, 1947.Crossref 18. Robertson, T.: Plasmacytosis and Hyperglobulinemia as Manifestations of Hypersensitivity , Amer. J. Med. 9:315, 1950.Crossref 19. Kolouch, R.; Good, R. A., and Campbell, B.: The Reticulo-Endothelial Origin of the Bone Marrow Plasma Cells in Hypersensitive States , J. Lab. Clin. Med. 32:749, 1947. 20. Hayhoe, F. G. J., and Smith, D. R.: Plasmacytosis in the Bone Marrow in Rheumatoid Arthritis , J. Clin. Path. 4:47, 1951.Crossref 21. Robertson, T.: Extensive Plasmacytosis and Hypersensitive States , New York J. Med. 50:2807, 1950. 22. Leduc, E. H.; Coons, A. H., and Connolly, J. M.: Studies on Antibody Production: II. The Primary and Secondary Responses in the Popliteal Lymph Node of the Rabbit , J. Exp. Med. 102:61, 1955.Crossref 23. Attardi, G.; Cohn, M.; Horibata, K., and Lennox, E. S.: On the Analysis of Antibody Synthesis at the Cellular Level , Bact. Rev. 23: 213, 1959. 24. Nossal, G. J. V.: Antibody Production by Single Cells: III. The Histology of Antibody Production , Brit. J. Exp. Path. 40:301, 1959. 25. Gonzalez-Guzman, I.: Some Experimental Data That Show the Presence of Antibodies in Histiocytes , in Reticuloendothelial Structure and Function , edited by J. H. Heller, New York, Ronald Press, 1960, p. 39. 26. Roberts, J. C., Jr.: Role of the Lymphocyte in Antibody Formation , in The Lymphocyte and Lymphocytic Tissue , edited by J. W. Rebuck, New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., Medical Book Department of Harper & Brothers, 1960, p. 82. 27. Roberts, J. C., Jr., and Dixon, F. J.: The Transfer of Lymph Node Cells in the Study of the Immune Response to Foreign Proteins , J. Exp. Med. 102:379, 1955.Crossref 28. Roberts, J. D., Jr.: Dixon, F. J., and Weigle, W. D.: Antibody-Producing Lymph Node Cells and Peritoneal Exudate Cells , A.M.A. Arch. Path. 64:324, 1957. 29. Neil, A. L., and Dixon, F. J.: Immunohistochemical Detection of Antibody in Cell-Transfer Studies , A.M.A. Arch. Path. 67:643, 1959. 30. Rebuck, J. W.; Veldhuis, A. H., and Swinehart, L. A.: Rapid Production of Plasmacytoses in Rabbit Lymph Nodes , Fed. Proc. 15:529, 1956. 31. Rappaport, H., and Johnson, F. B.: Intracellular Protein Resembling Russell Bodies in Malignant Lymphomas Associated with Acquired Hemolytic Anemia , Blood 10:132, 1955. 32. Tompkins, E. H.: The Conversion of Lymphocytes with "Atypical Nuclei" into Plasma Cells of the Marschalko Type , Amer. J. Path. 37:175, 1960.

LIEBMAN, SUMNER D.;POLLEN, ABRAHAM;PODOS, STEVEN M.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030076015pmid: 14465192

Abstract Traumatic hyphema is always potentially dangerous. Total hyphema ("eight-ball hemorrhage") has an especially poor prognosis because it often results in glaucoma, iris atrophy, and hematogenous pigmentation of the cornea. The types of treatment advocated for traumatic hyphema include bed rest, sedatives, miotics, mydriatics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and cold compresses. Some favor repeated paracenteses if the intraocular pressure rises.2 Early paracentesis and injection of air have been advocated.3 When there is secondary bleeding and the anterior chamber becomes filled with blood, many operators advocate early surgery with irrigation and manual removal of clot.1 Enzymatic dissolution of hyphema has also been attempted. Results with intramuscular trypsin are equivocal.4,5 Jukofsky6 first suggested the use of streptokinase. When rabbit blood was injected into rabbit eyes with streptokinase, clots dissolved, but corneas became opaque. One total hyphema in a human patient cleared. Adverse reactions to streptokinase, including chemosis and iritis, References 1. Material provided by Merck Sharp & Dohme as Thrombolysin. 2. Material provided by Merck Sharp & Dohme as Kinalysin. 3. Monoject disposable syringes had this capability. 4. Thygeson, P., and Beard, C.: Observations on Traumatic Hyphema , Amer. J. Ophthal. 35:977, 1952. 5. Rychener, R. O.: The Management of Traumatic Hyphema , J.A.M.A. 126:763, 1944.Crossref 6. Wilson, J. M., et al.: Air Injection in the Treatment of Traumatic Hyphema , Amer. J. Ophthal. 37:409, 1954. 7. Hagen, J. M., and Campagna, F. N.: Use of Intramuscular Trypsin , Amer. J. Ophthal. 40:209, 1955. 8. Keeney, A. H., and Zaki, H. A.: The Role of Trypsin in Experimentally Induced Hyphema , Amer. J. Ophthal. 43:275, 1957. 9. Jukofsky, S. L.: A New Technique in the Treatment of Hyphema , Amer. J. Ophthal. 34:1692, 1951. 10. Friedman, M. W.: Streptokinase in Ophthalmology , Amer. J. Ophthal. 35:1184, 1952. 11. Smillie, J. W.: The Effect of Streptokinase on Simulated Hyphema , Amer. J. Ophthal. 37:911, 1954. 12. O'Rourke, J. F.: An Evaluation of Intraocular Streptokinase , Amer. J. Ophthal. 39:119, 1955. 13. Tillett, W. S.: The Fibrinolytic Activity of Hemolytic Streptococci , Bact. Rev. 2:161, 1938. 14. Christensen, L. R., and Macleod, L. M.: A Proteolytic Enzyme of Serum , Gen. Physiol. 28: 363, 1945.Crossref 15. Milstone, H.: A Factor in Normal Human Blood Which Participates in Streptococcal Fibrinolysis , J. Immun. 42:109, 1941. 16. Garner, R. L., and Tillett, W. S.: Isolation and Characterization of Fibrinolysin , J. Exp. Med. 60:239, 1934.Crossref 17. Symposium on Fibrinolysis , Amer. J. Cardiol. 6:361, 1960. 18. Scheie, H. G., et. al.: The Treatment of Total Hyphema with Fibrinolysin (Plasmin) , Arch. Ophthal. 66:226, 1961.Crossref 19. Appleman, S. M.; Michiels, J., and Missotten, N. L.: Arch. Soc. Belg. Ophthal. 107:413, 1955.

COLES, ROBERT S.;LEVENE, RALPH Z.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030083016pmid: 13880495

Abstract Antistreptolysin titers (ASLO) have been used for the evaluation of the role of the Streptococcus in the pathogenesis of uveitis. Past studies of serum ASLO titers in uveitis by the author and others1-3 have been uniformly negative. Laffers and Bozsoky4 have recently reported finding elevated ASLO titers in the aqueous of patients with uveitis, as did Remky,5 who found higher aqueous ASLO titers than serum titers in patients with anterior uveitis. He considered this evidence of local antibody formation in the ocular structures. Method Fourteen aqueous and 13 serum samples were collected from 9 uveitis patients. The initial samples were taken within 48 hours of the onset of the attack. Aqueous taps were performed with the Amsler needle on an ambulatory basis. No untoward reactions were noted. The specimens were collected in small glass-stoppered centrifuge tubes and frozen immediately. Blood samples were also taken, centrifuged, and frozen. References 1. Coles, R. S., and Nathaniel, A.: The Role of the Streptococcus in the Pathogenesis of Anterior Uveitis , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 61:45, 1959.Crossref 2. Vesterdal, E.: Acute Fibrinous Iridocyclitis: Studies on the Etiological Diagnosis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment with ACTH and Cortisone , Acta Ophthal. (Kbh.) 29:509, 1951.Crossref 3. Hallett, J. W.; Wolkowicz, M. I.; Feria, Q. A.; Leopold, I. H., and Wijewski, E.: Streptococcal Serology in Uveitis , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 61:79, 1959.Crossref 4. Laffers, Z., and Bozsoky, S.: Clinical Significance of the Determination of Antistreptolysin in the Aqueous Humor , Szemeszet 95:49, 1958. 5. Remky, H.: L'uveite streptococcique: Récherches experimentales et cliniques , Bull. Soc. Ophtal. Franc. 17:461, 1958.

van ALPHEN, G. W. H. M.;ROBINETTE, SARAH L.;MACRI, FRANK J.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030085017pmid: 13924457

Abstract The muscular effects of pharmacological substances on isolated iris preparations have been reported by Wessely,1 Poos,2 and many others. However, similar experiments with isolated ciliary muscle preparations have failed. Poos encountered technical difficulties and did not pursue the matter further. Meesmann3 compared the relatively easy task of obtaining preparations from the isolated iris with the "almost hopeless" endeavor to obtain similar preparations from the ciliary muscle. In a previous report, we briefly mentioned an in vitro method of studying the effects of drugs on the ciliary muscle of the cat, using segments of the ciliary body4 (henceforth referred to as ciliary muscle preparations or ciliary muscle strips). The present investigation attempts to compare drug effects on similar preparations of ciliary muscle and choroid, obtained from several species. The emphasis was placed on the musculature of the cat eye. Monkey and rabbit eyes were included to screen References 1. Wessely, K.: Zur Frage der Existenz eines Dilatator iridis , Ber. Dtsch. Ophthal. Ges. 42:26, 1921. 2. Poos, F.: Zur Frage der sympathischen Innervation des Ziliarmuskels und ihrer Bedeutung für die Akkommodation , Klin. Msbl. Augenheilk. 80: 749, 1928. 3. Meesmann, A.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die antagonistische Innervation der Ciliarmuskulatur , Graefe. Arch. Ophthal. 152:335, 1952.Crossref 4. van Alphen, G. W. H. M.: On Emmetropia and Ametropia , Ophthalmologica (Suppl.) 1961. 5. Feldberg, W.: Effects of Ganglion-Blocking Substances on the Small Intestine , J. Physiol. 113: 483, 1951. 6. Monjé, M.: Über pharmakodynamische und klinische Untersuchungen der Akkommodation , Graefe. Arch. Ophthal. 152:357, 1952.Crossref 7. Boeke, J.: Innervationsstudien: III. Die Nervenversorgung des M. ciliaris und des M. sphincter iridis bei Säugern und Vögeln , Z. Mikroskopischanat. Forsch. 33:233, 1933. 8. Ballintine, E. J., and Garner, L. L.: Improvement of the Coefficient of Outflow in Glaucomatous Eyes , Arch. Ophthal. 66:314, 1961.Crossref 9. Thompson, J. W.: Studies on the Responses of the Isolated Nictitating Membrane of the Cat , J. Physiol. 141:46, 1958. 10. Feeney, L., and Hogan, M. J.: Electron Microscopy of the Human Choroid: I. Cells and Supporting Structures , Amer. J. Ophthal. 51:1058, 1961.

HOYT, WILLIAM F.;LUIS, OSMAN

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030098018pmid: 14449443

Abstract The classical approach to the topographical representation of the retina in the anterior visual system has been to produce specific retinal lesions in experimental animals, followed by histoanatomic demonstration of nerve-fiber degeneration (by the Marchi technique) in sections of the optic nerves, chiasm, and optic tracts. Despite the competent investigations of the past, many details of the organization of the infrageniculate visual fibers are lacking. During the past decade a silver-staining technique has been developed for demonstration of degenerating axons (rather than the staining of degenerating myelin by the Marchi technique). This technique and the Zeiss retinal photocoagulator provide a new approach for observations of the nerve-fiber organization in the optic nerves, chiasm, and optic tracts. We wish to report anatomic studies which employ these techniques. Previous Experimental Studies For more than a century it has been believed that the nerve fibers originating from specific retinal areas have a definite, References 1. It is recognized that the retinal lesions used in these experiments undoubtedly involved efferent as well as afferent retinal fibers. Only the latter were considered in interpreting degeneration patterns higher in the visual pathways. 2. Serial histologic sections were made of each eye with a photocoagulator lesion to confirm microscopically the location of the lesion and the completeness of destruction of ganglion cells and nerve fibers. 3. A total of 30 separate lesions and their degenerating "pathways" have been studied thus far. 4. Munk, H.: Physiologie der Sehsphäre der Grosshirnrinde , Zbl. Prakt. Augenheilk. 3:255, 1879. 5. Schäfer, E. A.: Experiments on Special Sense Localizations in the Cortex Cerebri of the Monkey , Brain 10:362, 1888.Crossref 6. Wilbrand, H. L., and Saenger, A.: Die Neurologie Des Auges: Ein Handbuch für Nerven- und Augenärzte , Vol. 3, Wiesbaden-Munchen, J. F. Bergmann, 1906. 7. Henschen, S. E.: On the Visual Path and Centre , Brain 16:170, 1893.Crossref 8. Rønne, H.: Die anatomische Projektion der Macula im Corpus Geniculatum Externa , Z. Ges. Neurol. Psychiat. 22:469, 1914.Crossref 9. Pick, A.: Über die topographischen Beziehungen zwischen Retina, Opticus und gekreuztem Tractus beim Kaninchen , Neurol. Z. 13:729, 1894. 10. Usher, C. H., and Dean, G.: Experimental Research on the Course of the Optic Nerve Fibers , Brit. Med. J. 2:71, 1896.Crossref 11. Parsons, H.: Degenerations Following Lesions of the Retina in Monkeys , Brain 25:257, 1902.Crossref 12. Brouwer, B., and Zeeman, W. P. C.: The Projection of the Retina in the Primary Optic Neuron in Monkeys , Brain 49:1, 1926.Crossref 13. Polyak, S.: The Vertebrate Visual System , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1957, pp. 334-353. 14. Nauta, W. J. H., and Gygax, P. A.: Silver Impregnation of Degenerating Axon Terminals in the Central Nervous System: Technic, Chemical Notes , Stain Techn. 26:5, 1951. 15. Clark, W. E. L., and Penman, G. G.: The Projection of the Retina in the Lateral Geniculate Body , Proc. Roy. Soc. [Biol.] ser. B , 114:291, 1934.Crossref 16. Wolff, E., and Penman, G. G.: The Position Occupied by the Peripheral Retinal Fibers in the Nerve Fiber Layer and the Nerve Head , Acta XVI Conc. Ophthal. (1950) , pp. 625-635, 1951. 17. Traquair, H. M.: Introduction to Clinical Perimetry , Ed. 6, St. Louis, The C. V. Mosby Company, 1949, p. 73.

BAIR, HUGO L.;MARTENS, THEODORE G.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030111019pmid: 13864057

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J.: The Saturation of Spectral Colours Viewed in a Small Field , Optica Acta 8:21, 1961.Crossref 139. Middleton, W. E. K., and Wyszecki, G. W.: Visual Thresholds in the Retinal Periphery for Red, Green, and White Signal Lights , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51:54, 1961.Crossref 140. Pastore, N.: Color Phenomena , Percept. Motor Skills 12:10, 1961.Crossref 141. Rubin, M. L.: Spectral Hue Loci of Normal and Anomalous Trichromates , Amer. J. Ophthal. 52:166, 1961. 142. Rushton, W. A. H.: The Eye, the Brain and Land's 2-Colour Projections , Nature (Lond.) 189: 440, 1961.Crossref 143. Sarwar, M.: Colour Vision and Defects in the Posterior Chambers , Brit. J. Physiol. Opt. 18: 171, 1961. 144. Sloan, L. L.: Evaluation of the Tokyo Medical College Color Vision Test , Amer. J. Ophthal. 52:650, 1961. 145. Sperling, H. G.: Prediction of Relative Luminous Efficiency From Fundamental Sensation Curves , Vision Res. 1:42, 1961.Crossref 146. Thomas, F. H.: Dimmick, F. L., and Luria, S. M.: A Study of Binocular Color Mixture , Vision Res. 1:108, 1961.Crossref 147. Traub, A. C., and Balinkin, I.: Proximity Factor in the Judd Color Difference Formula , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51:755, 1961.Crossref 148. Vajda, G.: Messung der Adaptation und von Schwellenwerten für Licht und Farben , Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 139:298, 1961. 149. Walraven, P. L.: On the Bezold-Brücke Phenomenon , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51:1113, 1961.Crossref 150. Willmer, E. N.: Human Colour Vision and the Perception of Blue , J. Theor. Biol. 1:141, 1961.Crossref 151. Zanen, M. J.: L'Intervalle Photochromatique en pathologie oculaire , Bull. Soc. Franc. Ophtal. 72:498, 1959. 152. Anstis, S. M.; Shopland, C. D., and Gregory, R. L.: Measuring Visual Constancy for Stationary or Moving Objects , Nature (Lond.) 191:416, 1961.Crossref 153. Baker, C. A., and Steedman, W. C.: Perceived Movement in Depth as Function of Object Luminance , Science 133:1356, 1961.Crossref 154. Baumgardt, E., and Hillmann, B.: Duration and Size as Determinants of Peripheral Retinal Response , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51:340, 1961.Crossref 155. Benarie, M. M.: Optimal Encoding of the Visual Image, (Letter to the Editor) , J. Optic Soc. Amer. 51:371, 1961.Crossref 156. van Beuningen, E. G. A.: Eine neue stereoskopische Prüftafel , Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 138: 339, 1961. 157. Blank, A. A.: Curvature of Binocular Visual Space: An Experiment , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51: 335, 1961.Crossref 158. Bodmann, H. W.: Universally Applicable Scale of Brightness Sensation , Lichttechnik (Germany) 13:19, 1961. 159. Brown, R. H.: Visual Sensitivity to Differences in Velocity , Psychol. Bull. 58:89, 1961.Crossref 160. Bryngdahl, O.: Effect of Retinal Image Motion on Visual Acuity , Optica Acta 8:1, 1961.Crossref 161. Clarke, F. J. J.: Visual Recovery Following Local Adaption of the Peripheral Retina (Troxler's Effect) , Optica Acta 8:121, 1961.Crossref 162. Clowes, M. B.: Some Factors in Brightness Discrimination With Constraint of Retinal Image Movement , Optica Acta 8:81, 1961.Crossref 163. Crain, K.: Binocular Rivalry: Its Relation to Intelligence, and General Theory of Its Nature and Physiological Correlates , J. Gen. Psychol. 64: 259, 1961.Crossref 164. Crovitz, H. F.: Differential Acuity of the 2 Eyes and the Problem of Ocular Dominances , Science 134:614, 1961.Crossref 165. Day, R. H.: On the Stereoscopic Observation of Geometrical Illusions , Percept. Motor Skills 13:247, 1961.Crossref 166. Domey, R. G., and McFarland, R. A.: Dark Adaptation as a Function of Age: Individual Prediction , Amer. J. Ophthal. 51:1262, 1961. 167. Dreyer, V.: On Visual Contrast Thresholds: V. The Influence of the Background Area on Thresholds, Determined by the Method of Constant Stimuli , Acta Ophthal. (Kbh.) 39:102, 1961.Crossref 168. Dreyer, V.: Are Contrast Thresholds Influenced by the Area of the Background? Acta Ophthal. (Kbh.) 39:673, 1961.Crossref 169. Dunn, B., and Leibowitz, H.: The Effect of Separation Between Test and Inducing Fields on Brightness Constancy , J. Exp. Psychol. 61:505, 1961.Crossref 170. Edmonds, I. A.: Visual Perception of Orientation , Percept. Motor Skills , 13:91, 1961.Crossref 171. Emmes, A. B.: A Statistical Study of Clinical Scores Obtained in the Wirt Stereopsis Test , Amer. J. Optom. 38:398, 1961.Crossref 172. Enoksson, P.: A Method for Investigation of Ocular Dominance Based on Optokinetic Nystagmus , Acta Ophthal. (Kbh.) 39:115, 1961.Crossref 173. Epstein, W.: The Known-Size-Apparent-Distance Hypothesis , Amer. J. Psychol. 74:333, 1961.Crossref 174. Fantz, R. L.: The Origin of Form Perception , Sci. Amer. 204:66, 1961.Crossref 175. Fiorentini, A., and Radici, T.: Sur en effet d'interaction binoculaire , Vision Res. 1:244, 1961.Crossref 176. Fishman, R., and Tallarico, R. B.: Studies of Visual Depth Perception: I. Blinking as an Indicator Response in Prematurely Hatched Chicks , Percept. Motor Skills , 12:247, 1961.Crossref 177. Fishman, R., and Tallarico, R. B.: Studies of Visual Depth Perception: II. Avoidance Reaction as an Indicator Response in Chicks , Percept. Motor Skills 12:251, 1961.Crossref 178. Flom, M. C., and Weymouth, F. W.: Retinal Correspondency and the Horopter in Anomalous Correspondence , Nature (Lond) 189:34, 1961.Crossref 179. Flom, M. C., and Weymouth, F. W.: Centricity of Maxwell's Spot in Strabismus and Amblyopia , Arch. Ophthal. 66:260, 1961.Crossref 180. Fry, G. A.: Relation of Blur Functions to Resolving Power , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51:560, 1961.Crossref 181. Ghent, L.: Form and Its Orientation: A Child's-Eye View , Amer. J. Psychol. 74:177, 1961.Crossref 182. Ghent, L., and Bernstein, L.: Influence of the Orientation of Geometric Forms on Their Recognition by Children , Percept. Motor Skills 12: 95, 1961.Crossref 183. Gibson, J. J.: Ecological Optics , Vision Res. 1:253, 1961.Crossref 184. Gogel, W. C.: Convergence as a Cue to Absolute Distance , J. Psychol. 52:287, 1961.Crossref 185. Gogel, W. C.: Convergence as a Cue to the Perceived Distance of Objects in a Binocular Configuration , J. Psychol. 52:303, 1961.Crossref 186. Goldberger, L.: Homogeneous Visual Stimulation (Ganzfeld) and Imagery , Percept. Motor Skills 12:91, 1961.Crossref 187. Gougnard, L.: Étude des sommations spatieles chez la sujet normal par la périmétrie statique, Ophthalmologica 142:469, 1961.Crossref 188. Granger, G. W.: Effect of Amobarbital on the Course of Human Dark Adaptatism , J. Appl. Physiol. 16:361, 1961. 189. Grognot, P., and Perdriel, G.: Influence du Bruit sur certaines fonctions visuelles , Vision Res. 1:269, 1961.Crossref 190. 189. Heinemann, E. G.: The Relation of Apparent Brightness to the Threshold for Differences in Luminance , J. Exp. Psychol. 61:389, 1961.Crossref 191. Hess, E. H.: Shadows and Depth Perception , Sci. Amer. 204:139, 1961.Crossref 192. Hollis, J. H.: A Variable Multidimensional Dark Adaptometer , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51:794, 1961.Crossref 193. Howell, W. C., and Kraft, C. L.: The Judgment of Size, Contrast, and Sharpness of Letter Forms , J. Exp. Psychol. 61:30, 1961.Crossref 194. Jameson, D., and Hurvich, L. M.: Complexities of Perceived Brightness , Science 133:174, 1961.Crossref 195. Junes, E.: Remarques sur la vision binoculaire envisagée dans le cas des stéréogrammes , Ann. Oculist 194:527, 1961. 196. Kleman, J. P.; Diamond, A. L., and Smith, E.: Effects of Caffeine on Enhancement in Foveal Simultaneous Contrast , J. Exp. Psychol. 61:18, 1961.Crossref 197. Lichenstein, M., and White, C. T.: Relative Visual Latency as a Function of Retinal Locus (Letter to the Editor) , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51: 1033, 1961.Crossref 198. Lowry, E. M., and DePalma, J. J.: SineWave Response of the Visual System: I. The Mach Phenomenon , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51:740, 1961.Crossref 199. Luria, S. M.: Accommodation and Scotopic Visual Acuity , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51:214, 1961.Crossref 200. Lynn, R.: Reversible Perspective as a Function of Stimulus-Intensity , Amer. J. Psychol. 74: 131, 1961.Crossref 201. Marton, H. B.: The Essentials of Stereopsis , Brit. J. Physiol. Opt. 18:209, 1961. 202. Merton, P. A.: The Accuracy of Directing the Eyes and the Hand in the Dark , J. Physiol. (Lond.) 156:555, 1961. 203. Ments, M.: The Sensitivity Performance of the Eye, in the Presence of Various Limiting Mechanisms of Different Origin , Optica Acta 8:313, 1961.Crossref 204. Miller, J. W., and Ludvigh, E.: The Perception of Movement Persistence in the Ganzfield , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51:57, 1961.Crossref 205. Mote, F. A.; Grant, D. A., and Hoffman, G. K.: The Effect of Brief Flashes of Light Upon Peripheral Dark Adaptation , J. Gen. Psychol. 64: 233, 1961.Crossref 206. Nachmias, J.: Determiners of the Drift of the Eye During Monocular Fixation , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51:761, 1961.Crossref 207. Ogle, K. N.: Foveal Contrast Thresholds With Blurring of the Retinal Image and Increasing Size of Test Stimulus , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51:862, 1961.Crossref 208. Ogle, K. N.: Blurring of Retinal Image and Foveal Differential Light Thresholds , Amer. J. Ophthal. 52:755, 1961. 209. Ogle, K. N.: Peripheral Contrast Thresholds and Blurring of the Retinal Image for a Point Light Source , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51:1265, 1961.Crossref 210. Ohwaki, S.: On the After-Image of Geometrical Illusions , Percept. Motor Skills 13:326, 1961.Crossref 211. Onley, J. W.: Light Adaptation and the Brightness of Brief Foveal Stimuli , J. Optic Soc. Amer. 51:667, 1961.Crossref 212. Palmer, D. A.: Measurement of the Horizontal Extent of Panum's Area by a Method of Constant Stimuli , Optica Acta 8:151, 1961.Crossref 213. Papert, S.: Centrally Produced Geometrical Illusions , Nature (Lond.) 191:733, 1961.Crossref 214. Potter, B.: The Perception of Relative Movements of Illuminated Objects Along the Visual Axis , Brit. J. Physiol. Opt. 18:117, 1961. 215. Pritchard, R. M.: Stabilized Images on the Retina , Sci. Amer. 204:72, 1961.Crossref 216. Raab, D.; Fehrer, E., and Hershenson, M.: Visual Reaction Time and the Broca-Sulzer Phenomenon , J. Exp. Psychol. 61:193, 1961.Crossref 217. Riggs, L. A.; Ratliff, F., and Keesey, U. T.: Appearance of Mach Bands With a Motionless Retinal Image (Letter to the Editor) , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51:702, 1961.Crossref 218. Sachsenweger, R.: Studies on the Localization of Stereoscopic Perception in the Cerebrum , Graefe. Arch. Ophthal. 163:215, 1961.Crossref 219. Shipley, T.: An Experimental Study of the Frontal Reference Curves of Binocular Visual Space , Docum. Ophthal. 15:321, 1961.Crossref 220. Shortess, G. K., and Krauskopf, J.: Role of Involuntary Eye Movements in Stereoscopic Acuity , J. Optic. Soc. Amer. 51:555, 1961.Crossref 221. Sloan, L. L.: Area and Luminance of Test Object as Variables in Examination of the Visual Field by Projection Perimetry , Vision Res. 1:121, 1961.Crossref 222. Smith, P. C., and Smith, O. W.: Veridical Perceptions of Cylindricality: A Problem of Depth Discrimination and Object Identification , J. Exp. Psychol. 62:145, 1961.Crossref 223. Stevens, S. S.: To Honor Fechner and Repeal His Law , Science 133:80, 1961.Crossref 224. Tallarico, R. B.: Studies of Visual Depth Perception: III. Choice Behavior of Newly Hatched Chicks on Visual Cliff , Percept. Motor Skills 12: 259, 1961.Crossref 225. Taylor, J. H.: Contrast Thresholds as a Function of Retinal Position and Target Size for the Light-Adapted Eye, SIO Reference 61-10, AF Project 7621, Task 76222, 1961. 226. Taylor, M. M.: Effect of Anchoring and Distance Perception on the Reproduction of Forms , Percept. Motor Skills 12:203, 1961.Crossref 227. Trevarthen, C. B.: Double Visual Learning in Split-Brain Monkeys , Science 134:1436, 1961. 228. Verhoeff, F. H.: The Kundt and the Tschermak-Seysenegg Illusions: Both Explained by Angle Alpha and the Pin-Hole Camera , Arch. Ophthal. 66:347, 1961.Crossref 229. Vogelsang, C. J.: The Perception of a Visual Object During Stimulation of the Vestibular System , Acta Otolaryngol. (Stockh.) 53:461, 1961.Crossref 230. Voneida, T. J.: Further Studies in Learning With "Split-Brain" Cats , Science 134:1437, 1961. 231. Weale, R. A.: Limits of Human Vision , Nature (Lond.) 191:471, 1961.Crossref 232. Wertheimer, M.: Psychomotor Coordination of Auditory and Visual Space at Birth , Science 134:1692, 1961.Crossref 233. Zajac, J. L.: Depth-Perception and Astigmatism , Amer. J. Psychol. 74:133, 1961.Crossref 234. Bablola, J.: The Facilitation of Reading by Partially Blinded Persons: Including an Investigation of Relative Visual Acuities With White Letters on Black Background and Black Letters on White Background in the Presence of Veiling Glare , Brit. J. Physiol. Opt. 18:220, 1961. 235. Bartlett, N. R.; Eason, R. G., and White, C. T.: Latency of Ocular Fixation Upon the Second of 2 Successive Stimuli , Percept. Motor Skills 13: 259, 1961.Crossref 236. Bernstein, J. J.: Loss of Hue Discrimination in Forebrain-Ablated Fish , Exp. Neurol. 3:1, 1961.Crossref 237. Bernstein, J. J.: Brightness Discrimination Following Forebrain Ablation in Fish , Exp. Neurol. 3:297, 1961.Crossref 238. Blough, D. S.: Experiments in Animal Psychophysics , Sci. Amer. 205:113, 1961.Crossref 239. Demorest, B. H., and Berg, J. A.: Industrial Visual Screening , Guildcraft 7:23, 1961. 240. Experimental Eye Research, London, Academic Press, Inc. Ltd. 241. Fuelling, J. L.: Aviation Ophthalmology , in Armstrong, H. G.: Aerospace Medicine , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1961, pp. 401-414. 242. Gentile, J. F., and Johnston, P. W.: A Comparison of 2 School Vision Screening Tests , Amer. J. Ophthal. 52:511, 1961. 243. Gooddy, W., and Reinhold, M.: Congenital Dyslexia and Asymmetry of Cerebral Function , Brain 84:231, 1961.Crossref 244. Graybiel, A.; Guedry, F. E.; Johnson, W., and Kennedy, R.: Adaptation to Bizarre Stimulation of the Semicircular Canals as Indicated by the Oculogyral Illusion , Aerospace Med. 32:321, 1961. 245. Heinemann, E G.: Photographic Measurement of the Retinal Image , Amer. J. Psychol. 74: 440, 1961.Crossref 246. Howarth, C. I., and Gibbins, K.: The Response of the Human Eye to Short Flashes of Light , Brit. J. Physiol. Opt. 18:160, 1961. 247. Illingworth, R. S.: Delayed Visual Maturation , Arch. Dis. Child. 36:407, 1961.Crossref 248. Kagan, J., and Lemkin, J.: Form, Color, and Size in Children's Conceptual Behavior , Child. Develop. 32:25, 1961. 249. Kalmus, H.: The Attentuation of Optomotor Responses in White-Eyed Mutants of Musca domestica and of Coelopa frigida , Vision Res. 1:192, 1961.Crossref 250. Krause, R., and Krause-Liebscher, I.: Zur Erklärung des Phänomens der Nachtmyopie , Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 139:338, 1961. 251. McCleary, R. A., and Longfellow, L. A.: Interocular Transfer of Pattern Discrimination Without Prior Binocular Experience , Science 134: 1418, 1961.Crossref 252. Mueller, C. G.: Visual Sensitivity , Ann. Rev. Psychol. 12:311, 1961.Crossref 253. Ogle, K. N.: Optics: An Introduction for Ophthalmologists , Springfield, Illinois, Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1961. 254. Pasik, T.; Pasik, P., and Bender, M. B.: Optokinetic Nystagmus Upon Stimulation of an Akinetic Eye in the Monkey , Confin. Neurol. 21: 109, 1961.Crossref 255. Schöne, H., and Schöne, H.: Eyestalk Movements Induced by Polarized Light in the Ghost Crab, Ocypode Quadrata , Science 134:675, 1961.Crossref 256. Smelser, G. K.: The Structure of the Eye , New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1961. 257. Smythe, R. H.: Animal Vision: What Animals See , Springfield, Illinois, Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1961. 258. Snydacker, D.: Optics and Visual Physiology: Annual Review , Arch. Ophthal. 65:859, 1961.Crossref 259. Teevan, R. C., and Birney, R. C.: Colour Vision , London, D. Van Nostrand Company, Ltd., 1961. 260. Trendelenburg, W.; Monjé, M.; Schmidt, I., and Schütz, E.: Der Gesichtssinn: Grundzüge der Physiologischen Optik , Ed. 2, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1961. 261. Verheijen, F. J.: A Simple After-Image Method Demonstrating the Involuntary Multidirectional Eye Movements During Fixation , Optica Acta 8:309, 1961.Crossref 262. Vision Research , Vol. 1, Oxford and New York, Pergamon Press, Inc., 1961. 263. Voipio, H.: The Objective Measurement of Visual Acuity by Arresting Optokinetic Nystagmus Without Change in Illumination , Acta Ophthal. (Kbh.) ( (Supple 66) ) 1961. 264. Von Gramberg-Danielsen, B.: Dunkeladaptation, Beleuchtung und Blendung im Strassenverkehr , Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 138:403, 1961. 265. Von Gramberg-Danielsen, B.: Optische Probleme der Luftfahrt , Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 138:562, 1961. 266. Von Gramberg-Danielsen, B.: Untersuchungen über die Unfallhäufigkeit von Farbenuntüchtigen im Strassenverkehr , Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 139:677, 1961. 267. Weale, R. A.: Notes on the Photometric Significance of the Human Crystalline Lens , Vision Res. 1:183, 1961.Crossref 268. Weale, R. A.: The Eye and Its Function , London, The Hatton Press, 1961. 269. Wells, M. J.: What the Octopus Makes of It: Our World From Another Point of View , Amer. Scientist 49:215, 1961.

SNYDER, CHARLES

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030143020

von Sallmann, Ludwig

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030146021

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030149022

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract ANNOUNCEMENTS Calendar of Coming Events Special Meetings Regular Meetings Chicago Ophthalmological Society—Third Monday of every month, October-May, Student Union Building, University of Illinois, 715 Wood St., Chicago.New England Ophthalmological Society—Third Wednesday of every month, November-April, Museum of Science, Boston.New York Academy of Medicine Section on Ophthalmology—Third Monday of every month, November-May, New York Academy of Medicine, 2 E. 103d St., New York 29. Home Study Courses. —The 1962-1963 Home Study Courses in the basic sciences related to ophthalmology and otolaryngology, which are offered as a part of the educational program of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, will begin on Septemper 1 and continue for a period of 10 months. Detailed information and application forms can be secured from Dr. William L. Benedict, the executive secretary-treasurer of the Academy, 15 Second St., S.W., Rochester, Minn. Registrations should be completed before August 15. Fortbildungskurs für Augenärtze. —A postgraduate

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030151023

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.

Swan, Kenneth C.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030151024

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Practicing ophthalmologists frequently have asked me to recommend a readable textbook of modern general pharmacology. In a few instances, these ophthalmologists have wanted to prepare for State Board Examinations, but for the most part, the requests have come from clinicians concerned with maintaining a working knowledge of the therapy prescribed for their patients by internists and other physicians; further, they have wanted enough basic understanding of pharmacology to properly classify and evaluate the bewildering array of new analgesics, sedatives, muscle relaxants, and other drugs which may have usefulness or potential dangers for the patient with ophthalmic disease. Medical Pharmacology by Goth is recommended to ophthalmologists for these specific purposes. The subject material is nicely organized in concise chapters, each followed by literature references. The author is primarily concerned with general principles and the more important agents and developments. He has not cluttered his text with factual details or highly technical

Swan, Kenneth C.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030152025

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The First Congress of the European Ophthalmological Society, held at Athens in 1960, concerned secondary glaucoma. The Proceedings contain a large number of papers on various aspects of secondary glaucoma with discussions by distinguished physicians from many countries. The subject is comprehensively covered with little duplication. The volume will provide the American readers with contemporary European thinking about glaucoma. It will be of greatest value to ophthalmologists who read French and German; however, about 15 articles are in English, and there are English summaries at the end of each report. The papers are primarily clinical, but basic problems also receive consideration. To a certain degree, the papers reflect the character of ophthalmological practice in the various countries represented. Therefore, purchase of this volume is especially recommended for American ophthalmologists planning to visit European clinics.

Fischer, Robert E.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030152027

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract This is an excellent book which deals with the clinical aspects of contact lens practice. Written entirely by ophthalmologists, it was published originally as one of the quarterly International Ophthalmology Clinics (Little, Brown & Company) but has been republished under this title to make it available to a larger group of interested clinicians. It condenses in one volume a great deal of interesting and useful information, from the history and development of contact lenses through their present clinical status to a consideration of the future potential of these lenses. There are 14 sections discussing details of the examination of the patient, determination of specifications, and modifications of the lenses. The physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and applied optics of contact lenses also are considered. There is a particularly thorough and thought-provoking section on contact lenses for aphakia. As in any cooperative effort of this type there are some minor duplications and differences

Fischer, Robert E.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030152026

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract This book written by two optometrists from Indiana University presents a general procedure for fitting corneal contact lenses. The authors present the principles of fitting which they have found to be most satisfactory. They do not consider all the anatomical and physiological factors which influence the acceptance of the lenses, but they do present a workable plan for the determination of basic specifications of the lenses and methods of modification. The book is well written and adequately illustrated, but it does not offer any great advantage over the fitting manuals issued by several of the contact lens manufacturers.

Anderson, Sid R.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030153028

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To The Editor: —As a layman I have been interested for some years in an effect which many people see when looking into the blue sky on a sunny day. They see what appear to be many thousands of actively moving specks or points of light which seem to be in the air a few inches or a few feet in front of them. Many report that this effect is seen most easily when shielding the eyes from direct sunlight and looking "past the objects into space."Of course there is the question as to whether this may be a "projection" of blood corpuscles or something else within the eye, or whether the eye is seeing a real source of light outside. All reporters express difficulty in estimating how far from the eye this effect is.I am wondering if you know of any professional report on this phenomenon which

Chatzinoff, Albert B.;Haig, Charles

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030153029

Abstract To the Editor: —From 1956 to 1958, animal studies were performed using newborn white rats1 which demonstrated that subminimal doses of 11-cis vitamin A will protect the retina of a newborn rat and prevent retinal rod degeneration but would not prevent somatic changes of vitamin A deficiency. This indicated that in the newborn white rat, 11-cis vitamin A was necessary for the metabolism and viability of the retinal rods.The vitamin A in our normal diets and in vitamin capsules is in the all-trans form and must be isomerized somewhere in the body to produce 11-cis vitamin A to be utilized by the retinal rods. In retinitis pigmentosa there is progressive degeneration of the retinal rods. It is postulated that individuals with this disease have an hereditary or constitutional inability to make the normal isomerization from all-trans to 11-cis vitamin A, thereby resulting in gradual retinal rod degeneration. The References 1. Chatzinoff, A.; Millman, N.; Oroshnik, W., and Rosen, F.: 11-Cis Vitamin A in the Prevention of Retinal Rod Degeneration , Amer. J. Ophthal. 46:205, 1958. 2. Hubbard, R.: Retinene Isomerase , J. Gen. Physiol. 39:935, 1956.Crossref

Macri, Frank J.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030154031

Abstract To the Editor: —In 2 recent articles,1,2 Bill challenged the validity of values for intrascleral venous pressure reported by me for cat eyes. My values were described as ``artifactual'' and due to "faulty technique."Bill's criticisms may be answered as follows: I pointed out in my first report3 that the values obtained by the occlusion technique increased both the venous and intraocular pressures, and I stated that these paired data did not indicate normal values. The individual values, however, demonstrated a statistically significant (P<.001) linear relationship between these 2 functions. It was apparent to me that if the intraocular pressure was dependent upon the venous pressure, then the above function would be valid even though the absolute values of both pressures had been changed by the technique of venous pressure measurement. In a subsequent publication4 I showed, using a microcannulation technique (which had no apparent effect References 1. Bill, A.: Aspects of the Drainage of Aqueous Humor in Cats , Arch. Ophthal. 67:148, 1962.Crossref 2. Bill, A.: A Method for the Quantitative Determination of the Blood Flow Through the Cat Uvea , Arch. Ophthal. 67:156, 1962.Crossref 3. Macri, F. J.: Acetazolamide and the Venous Pressure of the Eye , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 63:953, 1960.Crossref 4. Macri, F. J.: Interdependence of Venous and Eye Pressure , Arch. Ophthal. 65:442, 1961.Crossref

McGarry, H. Isabelle

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030154030

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor: —Drs. S. Vannas and A. Tarkkanen have called my attention to a typographical error in the Glaucoma review in the December Archives of Ophthalmology Since it is important in their study of retinal vein occlusion and glaucoma, I would like to correct it.Under "Secondary Glaucoma," page 882, in a study of retinal vein occlusion and glaucoma, it states that "hemorrhagic glaucoma developed in 11 eyes; NONE of the fellow eyes had simple glaucoma." This should be corrected to read that NINE of the fellow eyes had simple glaucoma.

Bill, Anders

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030154032

Abstract Dr. Macri''s letter was referred to Dr. Bill, who offers the following reply: To the Editor: —In his discussion of my criticism Macri points out that the reason for the discrepancy between his and my results might be that in my experiments the intraocular pressure (IOP) was stabilized with a leveling manometer. To demonstrate that this is not the case, I would like to present, in brief, the results of some experiments (see the Table) which are to be presented in detail later, experiments in which the IOP was not stabilized. The intrascleral venous pressure (ISVP) was measured with the technique used previously which does not cause any occlusion that may raise the pressure measured.1 The values for intrascleral venous pressure expected if Macri's equation (IOP=0.82·ISVP +6.51) was correct are given in parentheses.It can be seen even without statistical analysis that my figures for ISVP completely disagree with References 1. Bill, A.: Aspects of the Drainage of Aqueous Humor in Cats , Arch. Ophthal. 67:148, 1962.Crossref

Rubin, Irving

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030156033

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor: —Mail order prescriptions represent a mushrooming problem in connection with public health. A few of the dangers inherent in this type of operation include: Absence of the physician-pharmacist-patient relationship, difficulties in checking prescription files, delay in obtaining medication, and great costs involved in determining whether a mailed prescription was actually written by a physician.There is no substitute for the close physician-patient-pharmacist relationship—which operates for the benefit of the patient.

Tamler, Edward

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030157035

Abstract The letter of Dr. G. M. Howard "A-V Syndromes" published in the May issue of the Archives of Ophthalmology was referred to the author of the paper in question, who offers the following reply. To the Editor. —Dr. Howard feels that the attempt to explain the A-V syn dromes on the basis of underaction or overaction of one pair of extraocular muscles is unsatisfactory in the light of vector analysis computations and the anatomy of the extraocular muscles. Furthermore, he concludes that as the result of these factors, horizontal muscles must contract and enter into vertical movements of the eye in order to avoid severe adduction due to the overpowering adducting ability of the vertical recti, as compared to the obliques.Though based on careful anatomic dissection and sound mathematical computations, Dr. Howard's conclusions are nonetheless theoretical and raise further questions since they are not borne out by the following References 1. Tamler, E.; Marg, E., and Jampolsky, A.: An Electromyographic Study of Coactivity of Human Extraocular Muscles in Following Movements , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 61:270, 1959.Crossref 2. Breinin, G. M.: Quantitation of Extraocular Muscle Innervation , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 57:644, 1957.Crossref 3. Jampolsky, A.: Bilateral Anomalies of Oblique Muscles , Trans. Amer. Acad. Ophthal. Otolaryng. 61:689, 1957.

Trevor-Roper, P. D.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030157034

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor: —Your reviewer of my little guide Lecture Notes in Ophthalmology (Arch. Ophthal. 67:110-111, 1962) had such a generous opening paragraph that it would seem ungracious to cavil at the friendly digs that followed; but even if my "healthy cadaver eye" admitted a rather grisly ambiguity, some misquotations at least cry out for redress.In answer to his specific objections: I did not say that conjunctivitis was a cause of an acutely painful eye, but that acute conjunctivitis was a cause of a painful, red eye (p. 34). Surely rather different! And was I so wrong? Of course the English and Americans tend to differ about the underlying mechanism of angle-closure in congestive glaucoma. And if I rashly said that these attacks were "largely precipitated by a swelling of the iris root,'' and that "this swelling is largely due to vasodilatation and oedema, but may be