Archives of Ophthalmology

C., D.G.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960020697001pmid: 13880171

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Although recent developments in chromosomology have stirred up a tidal wave of interest within biology and some areas of medicine, they have caused scarcely a ripple in ophthalmology. It may be well, therefore, to take note of these new activities outside our immediate orbits (literally) and to ask ourselves what ophthalmology can do, if anything, to participate in them. The new era of chromosome study began in 1949 when Canadian anatomists Barr and Bertram discovered that nerve cells of the female cat could be distinguished from nerve cells of the male cat by a distinctive chromatin mass adjacent to the nuclear membrane. This was found to be true for other species and for a wide variety of tissues (Fig. 1). Currently nuclear sexing, as it may be called, is done on buccal smears with no more elaborate technique than a simple scraping and a basophilic stain. The origin of the

ACKERMAN, ALBERT L.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960020701002pmid: 13859165

Abstract Macroglobulinemia is a disease of the reticuloendothelial system in which the signs and symptoms are associated with an abnormal protein having a high molecular weight. The ocular complications in this disease are being reported with increasing frequency with the spectrum of retinal changes ranging from slight dilatation and fullness of veins, hemorrhages, and exudates to occlusion of the central vein, retinal edema, and exudative retinal detachment. Externally, segmentation and clumping of the red blood cells within conjunctival vessels may be seen. In reviews of the literature, the incidence of retinopathy ranges from 30% to 67%.1,2 Cagianut3 reported 13 of 20 patients were severely incapacitated because of visual impairment. The ocular findings were first emphasized by Waldenström4 in his original report in 1944. Of 3 cases, the initial complaint in one patient was loss of vision due to a central vein occlusion, and the second had prominent dilated References 1. Logothetis, J.; Silverstein, P., and Coe, J.: Neurologic Aspects of Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia , Arch. Neurol. 3:564, 1960.Crossref 2. Schur, P. H., and Appel, L.: Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia with Pleural Effusion , New York J. Med. 61:2431, 1961. 3. Cagianut, B.: Ocular Syndrome of Macroglobulinemia , Ann. Oculist. (Par.) 191:579, 1958. 4. Waldenström, J.: Incipient Myelomatosis with "Essential" Hyperglobulinemia and Fibrinogenopenia: A New Syndrome? Acta Med. Scand. 117:216, 1944.Crossref 5. Waldenström, J.: Abnormal Proteins in Myeloma , Advance. Intern. Med. 5:398, 1952. 6. Willi, H.; Koller, F., and Raaflaub, J.: Symptomatische makroglobulinämie bei Lues congenita: Beitrag zur Frage der Fibrinasthenie Fanconi , Acta Haemat. (Basel) 11:316, 1954.Crossref 7. Wuhrmann, F.: Einige aktuelle klinische Probleme über die Serum-Globuline , Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 82:937, 1952. 8. Habich, H.: Zur Antigenanalyse der Paraproteine bei Makroglobulinämien , Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 83:1957, 1953. 9. Habich, H., and Hässig, A.: Essai d'analyse antigénique des paraprotides dans la macroglobulinémie du Waldenström , Vox Sang. 3:98, 1953. 10. Kanzow, U.; Scholtan, W., and Mütang, A.: Serologische Differenzierung von Makroglobulinämien , Klin. Wschr. 33:1043, 1955.Crossref 11. Sia, R. H. P.: Simple Method for Estimating Quantitative Differences in Kala-Azar , Chin. Med. J. 38:35, 1924. 12. Martin, N. H.: Macroglobulinaemia , Quart. J. Med. 29:179, 1960. 13. Wuhrmann, F.: Makroglobulinämie mit Stimmbandkarzinom , Helv. Med. Acta 24:268, 1957. 14. Schaub, F.: Gleichzeitiges Vorkommen von Makroglobulinämie Waldenström und von malignen Tumoren , Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 83:1256, 1953. 15. Waldenström, J.: Macroglobulinemia , Acta Haemat. (Basel) 20:33, 1958.Crossref 16. Laurell, C. B.; Laurell, H., and Waldenström, J.: Glycoproteins in Serum from Patients with Myeloma, Macroglobulinemia and Related Conditions , Amer. J. Med. 22:24, 1957.Crossref 17. Spalter, H. F.: Abnormal Serum Proteins and Retinal Vein Thrombosis , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 62:868, 1959.Crossref 18. Cagianut, B., and Theiler, K.: Histology of Ocular Changes in Macroglobulinemia , Graefe. Arch. Ophth. 160:628, 1959.Crossref 19. Dutcher, T. F., and Fahey, J. L.: The Histopathology of the Macroglobulinemia of Waldenström , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 22:887, 1959. 20. Pitney, W. R.; O'Sullivan, W. J., and Owen, J. A.: Effect of Prednisolone on Anemia Associated with Macroglobulinemia , Brit. Med. J. 2:1508, 1958.Crossref 21. Mackay, I. R.; Eriksen, N.; Motulsky, A. G., and Volwiler, W.: Cryo- and Macroglobulinemia , Amer. J. Med. 20:564, 1956.Crossref 22. Lawson, H. A.; Stuart, C. A.; Paull, A. M.; Phillips, A. M., and Phillips, R. W.: Observations on the Antibody Content of the Blood in Patients with Multiple Myeloma , New Engl. J. Med. 252:13, 1955.Crossref 23. Pachter, M. R.; Johnson, S. A.; Neblett, T. R., and Truant, J. P.: Bleeding, Platelets, and Macroglobulinemia , Amer. J. Clin. Path. 31: 467, 1959. 24. Macroglobulinemia, Clinicopathological Conference , Amer. J. Med. 28:951, 1960.Crossref 25. Deutsch, H. F., and Morton, J. I.: Dissociation of Human Serum Macroglobulins , Science 125:600, 1957.Crossref 26. Abraham, E. P.; Chain, E.; Baker, W., and Robinson, R.: Penicillamine, a Characteristic Degradation Product of Penicillin , Nature (Lond.) 151:107, 1943.Crossref 27. Walshe, J. M.: Penicillamine: A New Oral Therapy for Wilson's Disease , Amer. J. Med. 21:487, 1956.Crossref 28. Bloch, H. S.; Prasad, A., and Anastasi, A.: Serum Protein Changes in Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia During Penicillamine Administration , J. Lab. Clin. Med. 52:793, 1958. 29. Ritzmann, S. E.; Coleman, S. L., and Levin, W. C.: The Effect of Some Mercaptanes upon a Macrocryogelglobulin: Modifications Induced by Cysteamine, Penicillamine and Penicillin , J. Clin. Invest. 39:1320, 1960.Crossref 30. Levine, M. A.; Hammack, W. J., and Frommeyer, W. B.: Treatment of Macroglobulinemia with Penicillamine , Clin. Res. 8:54, 1960. 31. Strong, J. B., Jr.; Dempsey, H., and Hill, S. R., Jr.: The Successful Management of Hepatolenticular Degeneration with Penicillamine , Ann. Intern. Med. 54:198, 1961.Crossref 32. Scheinberg, I. H., and Sternlieb, I.: Penicillamine as the Basis of Therapy in Wilson's Disease , in Metal-Binding in Medicine , edited by M. J. Seven and L. A. Johnson, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1960, p. 275. 33. Wilson, J. E., and DuVigneaud, V.: Inhibition of the Growth of the Rat by L-Penicillamine and Its Prevention by Aminoethanol and Its Related Compounds , J. Biol. Chem. 184:63, 1950. 34. Kuchinskas, E. J.; Horvath, A., and DuVigneaud, V.: An Anti-Vitamin B6 Action of L-Penicillamine , Arch. Biochem. 68:69, 1957.Crossref 35. DuVigneaud, V.; Kuchinskas, E. J., and Horvath, A.: L-Penicillamine and Rat Liver Transaminase Activity , Arch. Biochem. 69:130, 1957.Crossref 36. Aposhian, H. V., in Metal Binding in Medicine , edited by M. J. Seven and L. A. Johnson, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1960, p. 304. 37. Schwab, P. J.; Okun, E., and Fahey, J. L.: Reversal of Retinopathy in Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia by Plasmapheresis , Arch. Ophthal. 64:515, 1960.Crossref 38. Coyle, J. T.; Frank, P. E.; Leonard, A. L., and Weiner, A.: Macroglobulinemia and Its Effect upon the Eye , Arch. Ophthal. 65:75, 1961.Crossref 39. Skoog, W. A., and Adams, W. S.: Plasmapheresis in a Case of Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia , Clin. Res. 7:96, 1959.

NAUHEIM, J. S.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960020708003pmid: 14478574

Abstract The occurrence of marginal keratitis and corneal ulceration adjacent to the site of muscle surgery is not as uncommon as the dearth of reports in the recent literature and lack of descriptions in many standard reference books would lead one to believe. An initial experience with this complication can be somewhat disturbing if one does not appreciate its benign nature. Since becoming aware of its existence, I have been able to observe 9 cases personally and have discovered a tenth while reviewing a record for other reasons. The evaluation of this small series along with those cases recently reported in the literature1,2 permits a number of clinically significant conclusions. The first case will be reported in detail, since it demonstrates the pitfalls in diagnosis and therapy that the uninitiated may fall into. This will be followed by a presentation in tabular form of the salient features of the remainder References 1. Active ingredients: prednisolone 21-phosphate and neomycin sulfate. 2. Contains trypsin 68%, chymotrypsin 30%, and ribonuclease 2%. 3. Contains polymixin B sulfate, neomycin sulfate, and bacitracin. 4. Hartmann, E.: Incidents au niveau du segment antérieur au cours des opérations sur les muscles oculaires , Bull. Soc. Ophthal. Franc. 6:314, 1957. 5. Vancea, P.; Vaighel, V., and Vancea, P. P.: L,ulcère trophique de la cornée consécutif aux opérations sur les muscles oculaires , Ann. Oculist. (Par.) 193:28, 1960. 6. Samuels, B., and Fuchs, A.: Clinical Pathology of the Eye , New York, Paul V. Hoeber, Medical Book Department of Harper & Brothers, 1952, pp. 33-37.

FAJARDO, ROMEO V.;FURGIUELE, FRANCIS P.;LEOPOLD, IRVING H.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960020712004pmid: 13891386

Abstract Introduction In recent years toxoplasmosis has come to be recognized as the most important etiologic condition of the granulomatous type of uveitis.1,2 Our group has attributed 44% of all of our uveitis cases to toxoplasmosis.3 Hand in hand with this trend the search for an effective therapy for this condition has been going on. To date, the combination of pyrimethamine (Daraprim) and the sulfa drugs seems to be most effective. This had been brought about by the observation of Eyles and Coleman4 on the synergistic actions of these drugs against toxoplasmosis in experimental animals. Ryan, et al.,5 Jacobs, et al.,6a and Perkins6b showed that this combination can be used successfully in human ocular toxoplasmosis. The results were thought to be improved when a systemic steroid was added.7,8Because of the toxicity encountered by the use of these drugs various antibiotics have been screened References 1. Woods, A. C.: Modern Concepts of the Etiology of Uveitis , Amer. J. Ophthal. 50:1170, 1960. 2. Woods, A. C., and Abrahams, I. W.: Uveitis Survey: Sponsored by the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology , Amer. J. Ophthal. 51:761 (May, (Pt. 1) ) 1961. 3. Leopold, I. H.; Hallett, J. W.; Wolkowicz, M. I.; Berebitsky, J., and Fajardo, R. V.: Symposium on Recent Advances in Treatment of Uveitis, Wills Eye Hospital Annual Conference, Feb. 10, 1961. 4. Eyles, D. E., and Coleman, N.: An Evaluation of the Curative Effects of Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine, Alone and in Combination, on Experimental Mouse Toxoplasmosis , Antibiot. Chemother. 5:529, 1955. 5. Ryan, R. W.; Hart, W. M.; Culligan, J. J.; Gunkel, R. D.; Jacobs, L., and Cook, M. K.: Diagnosis and Treatment of Toxoplasmic Uveitis , Trans. Amer. Acad. Ophthal. Otolaryng. 58:867, 1954. 6. (a) Jacobs, L.; Naquin, H.; Hoover, R., and Woods, A. C.: A Comparison of the Toxoplasmin Skin Tests, the Sabin-Feldman Dye Tests and the Complement-Fixation Tests for Toxoplasmosis in Various Forms of Uveitis , Trans. Amer. Acad. Ophthal. Otolaryng. 60:655, 1956. 7. (b) Perkins, E. S.: The Etiology and Treatment of Uveitis , Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K. 78:511, 1958. 8. Hogan, M. J.: Ocular Toxoplasmosis , Trans. Amer. Acad. Ophthal. Otolaryng. 62:7, 1958. 9. Beverly, J. K. A.: A Rational Approach to the Treatment of Toxoplasmosis Uveitis , Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K. 78:109, 1958. 10. Bogacz, J.: Action comparée sur les toxoplasmes de diverses substances synthétiques et de quelques antibiotiques dont la spiramycine , Bull. Soc. Path. Ext. 47:903, 1954. 11. Garin, J. P., and Eyles, D. E.: Le Traitment de la toxoplasmose expérimentale de la souris par la spiramycine , Presse Med. 66:957, 1958. 12. Chodos, J. B., and Habegger-Chodos, H. E.: The Treatment of Ocular Toxoplasmosis with Spiramycin , Arch. Ophthal. 65:401, 1961.Crossref 13. American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology: Diagnostic Procedures and Therapy in Uveitis , Am. J. Ophth. 51:761, 1961. 14. Leopold, I. H., and Kroman, H. S.: Methyl- and Fluoro-Substituted Prednisolones in the Blood and Aqueous Humor of the Rabbit: Concentrations , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 63:943, 1960.Crossref 15. Choi, C. S.: Penetration of Pyrimethamine (Daraprim) into Ocular Tissues of Rabbits , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 60:603, 1958.Crossref 16. Eyles, D. E., and Coleman, N.: The Effect of Sulfadimetine, Sulfisoxazole and Sulfapyrazine Against Mouse Toxoplasmosis , Antibiot. Chemother. 5:525, 1955. 17. Yamamoto, Y., and Namiki, R.: Distribution of Sulfamethoxypyridazine in the Aqueous Humor , J. Clin. Ophthal. 13:853, 1959. 18. Furgiuele, F. P.; Sery, T. W., and Leopold, I. H.: New Antibiotics: Their Intraocular Penetration , Amer. J. Ophthal. 50:614, 1960. 19. Durel, P.: Personal communication to Joel B. Chodos, M.D., 1959. 20. Boland, E. W.: Chemically Modified Adrenocortical Steroids , J.A.M.A. 174:835, 1960.Crossref 21. Frenkel, J. K., and Hitchings, G. H.: Relative Reversal by Vitamins (p-Aminobenzoic, Folic and Folinic Acids) of Effects of Sulfadiazine and Pyrimethamine on Toxoplasma, Mouse and Man , Antibiot. Chemother. 7:630, 1957. 22. Kunin, C. M.; Jones, W. F., and Finland, M.: Enhancement of Tetracycline Blood Levels , Survey Ophthal. 4:24, 1959. 23. Kaufman, H. E., and Caldwell, L. A.: Pharmacologic Studies of Pyrimethamine (Daraprim) in Man , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 61:885, 1959.Crossref 24. Kaufman, H. E., and Geisler, P. H.: The Hematologic Toxicity of Pyrimethamine (Daraprim) in Man , Arch. Ophthal. 64:140, 1960.Crossref 25. Eyles, D. E.: Newer Knowledge of the Chemotherapy of Toxoplasmosis , Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 64:252, 1956.Crossref 26. Winters, W. D., and Foley, G. E.: Chemical and Biologic Studies on 1,2-Dihydro-s-Triazine: XII. Treatment of Experimental Murine Toxoplasmosis, with a Note on Mutation , Antibiot. Chemother. 6:444, 1956. 27. Burnham, C. S., and Beuerman, V. A.: Toxoplasmic Uveitis , Amer. J. Ophthal. 42:217, 1956. 28. Perkins, E. S.; Smith, C. H., and Schofield, P. B.: Treatment of Uveitis with Pyrimethamine (Daraprim) , Brit. J. Ophthal. 40:577, 1956.Crossref 29. Gordon, D. M., in discussion of paper by Kaufman, H. E.: The Effect of Corticosteroids on Experimental Ocular Toxoplasmosis , Amer. J. Ophthal. 50:919, 1960. 30. Feldman, H. A.: Human Toxoplasmosis , J. Chron. Dis. 10:488, 1959.Crossref 31. Woods, A. C.: Endogenous Uveitis , Baltimore, The Williams & Wilkins Co., 1956. 32. Frenkel, J. K.: Pathogenesis of Toxoplasmosis and of Infections with Organisms Resembling Toxoplasma , Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 64:215, 1956.Crossref 33. Beverly, J. K. A.: A Rational Approach to the Treatment of Toxoplasmic Uveitis , Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K. 78:109, 1958. 34. Leopold, I. H.: Treatment of Eye Disorders with Anti-Inflammatory Steroids , Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 82:939, 1959.Crossref

HAVENER, W. H.;OLSON, R. S.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960020721005pmid: 13905475

Abstract A variety of synthetic materials have been successfully used to create a permanent encircling indentation of the sclera in treatment of certain types of retinal detachment. Although completely inert, these foreign substances may slowly erode through tissue, extruding either externally or into the interior of the eye. The possibility of late infection exists also and is particularly troublesome within the lumen of hollow tubes or surrounding any nonabsorbable foreign material which has eroded to the surface even at a single small area. These problems of erosion and late infection can be eliminated by use of preserved human fascia lata strips in encircling procedures. Fascia lata has the further advantage of being extremely easy to manipulate. It is completely flexible and nonrigid, is smooth and slippery, does not adhere to other tissue, and can be passed easily beneath muscles and around the eye. Most convenient of all is the way in References 1. Each milliliter contains polymyxin B sulfate, 10,000 units, and neomycin sulfate, 5 mg. Burroughs Wellcome & Co.

McKAY, RICHARD A.;SPIVEY, BRUCE E.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960020727006

Abstract Choroidal angiosclerosis not resulting from senile arteriosclerotic changes or from inflammatory conditions of the choroid and retina may occur in 3 forms (Sorsby1). It may be either of the central areolar type, or of the peripapillary type, or it may take the form of a generalized angiosclerosis with or without involvement of the macula. The history and the findings in patients afflicted with choroidal angiosclerosis differ in accordance with the forms under which the condition manifests itself. The disease belongs to the group of the chorioretinal abiotrophies, may be familial in nature, and is closely related to gyrate atrophy, choroideremia, and the chorioretinal degeneration described by Falls and Cotterman,2 on the one hand, and to the retinitis pigmentosa group on the other hand. This position of choroidal angiosclerosis within the chorioretinal abiotrophies has been brought out well by Stanković.3 He has also paid particular attention to its References 1. Sorsby, A.: Choroidal Angiosclerosis , Brit. J. Ophthal. 22:433, 1939.Crossref 2. Falls, H. F., and Cotterman, C. W.: Choroidoretinal Degeneration: A Sex-Linked Form in Which Heterozygous Women Exhibit a Tapetal-Like Retinal Reflex , Arch. Ophthal. 40: 685, 1948.Crossref 3. Stanković, I.: L'Angiosclérose choroidienne familiale liée au sexe , Bull. Mém. Soc. Franc. Ophtal. 71:411, 1958. 4. Franceschetti, A.: In discussion of Stanković, p. 417.3 5. François, J.: In discussion of Stanković, p. 419.3 6. Waardenburg, P. J.: Angio-sclérose familiale de la choroïde , J. Génét. Hum. 1:83, 1952. 7. Wilmer, W. H.: Atlas Fundus Oculi , New York, The MacMillan Company, 1934. 8. Leinfelder, P. J.; Carroll, F.; Falls, H.; Cogan, D.; Fralick, F. B., and Duke-Elder, S.: Symposium: Primary Chorioretinal Aberrations with Night Blindness , Trans. Amer. Acad. Ophthal. Otolaryng. 54:607, 1950. 9. Sorsby, A.: Genetics in Ophthalmology , St. Louis, The C. V. Mosby Company, 1951. 10. François, J., and DeCock, G.: Dégénérescence tapéto-rétinienne à évolution tardive , Ann. Oculist. (Par.) 187:651, 1954. 11. Ascher, K.: Zur Histologie der Pigmentdegeneration der Netzhaut , Arch. Augenheilk. 106: 585, 1932.

SEBESTYEN, J. G.;SCHEPENS, C. L.;ROSENTHAL, M. L.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960020736007

Abstract It is well known that in cases of rhegmatogenous * retinal detachment1 the ocular tension does not remain at its normal level. Fresh retinal detachments generally show a certain degree of ocular hypotony, whereas long-standing cases may have a tendency toward glaucoma. Surgical reattachment of the retina is also followed by a change of the ocular tension, which is low immediately after a successful operation and rises gradually to a normal level during the ensuing weeks or months. The mechanisms of tension changes associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment are not well understood. In addition, the effects on the ocular tension of surgical procedures for reattachment of the retina have not been investigated in detail. In this respect, it is sometimes felt that surgical procedures which markedly modify the shape of the globe may influence the ocular pressure to a greater degree than simple diathermy procedures. The purpose of this series References 1. Due to a retinal break. 2. Schepens, C. L., and Marden, D.: Data on the Natural History of Retinal Detachment: I. Age and Sex Relationships , Arch. Ophthal. 66: 631, 1961.Crossref 3. Schepens, C. L.; Okamura, I. D., and Brockhurst, R. J.: The Scleral Buckling Procedures: I. Surgical Techniques and Management , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 58:797, 1957.Crossref 4. Schepens, C. L.; Okamura, I. D.; Brockhurst, R. J., and Regan, C. D. J.: The Scleral Buckling Procedures: V. Synthetic Sutures and Silicone Implants , Arch. Ophthal. 64:868, 1960.Crossref 5. Brockhurst, R. J.; Schepens, C. L., and Okamura, I. D.: Uveitis: I. Gonioscopy , Amer. J. Ophthal. 42:545, 1956. 6. Schepens, C. L.: Progress in Detachment Surgery , Trans. Amer. Acad. Ophthal. Otolaryng. 55:607, 1951. 7. François, J.; Rabaey, M., and Neetens, A.: Perfusion Studies on the Outflow of Aqueous Humor in Human Eyes , Arch. Ophthal. 55:193, 1956.Crossref 8. Chandler, P. A., and Maumenee, A. E.: A Major Cause of Hypotony , Trans. Amer. Acad. Ophthal. Otolaryng. 65:563, 1961. 9. Schepens, C. L.; Okamura, I. D.; Brockhurst, R. J.; Regan, C. D. J., and McMeel, J. W.: The Scleral Buckling Procedures: VIII. Complications, in preparation. 10. Grant, W. M.: Personal communication to the author. 11. Csillag, F.: Early Postoperative Detachment of the Choroid , Brit. J. Ophthal. 33:694, 1949.Crossref 12. Fronimopoulos, J.: Cited by Capper and Leopold.13 13. O'Brien, C. S.: Further Observations on Detachment of Choroid After Cataract Extraction , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 16:655, 1936.Crossref 14. Capper, S. A., and Leopold, I. H.: Mechanism of Serous Choroidal Detachment: A Review and Experimental Study , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 55:101, 1956.Crossref

GALIN, MILES A.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960020746008pmid: 13896360

Abstract Blepharitis represents one of the more common lid disorders. Classification of this disease into 2 distinct entities has been well accepted.1 Seborrheic blepharitis, in which a budding yeast, Pityrosporum ovale, is frequently associated, is statistically the more common. In the second group the ulcerative type, Staphylococcus aureus, has been incriminated.2 Therapy, therefore, has been related to the diagnostic classification to which a given patient is assigned. It is the purpose of this communication to reassess the relationship between lid flora and blepharitis and to compare the clinical and bacteriological results obtained from steroid, antibiotic, and keratolytic agents. Materials and Methods Patients were obtained from the private and clinic services of the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center. Thirty-seven consecutive patients with blepharitis were studied. In 30 of these, bacteriological studies were complete and follow-up adequately detailed to permit reporting. Two patients with more esoteric causes for blepharitis (fungal and References 1. Kindly supplied as Blef-Dome Ointment by Dome Chemicals Inc., New York 23. 2. Kindly supplied as Hydro-Cortone Acetate Ointment by Merck Sharp & Dohme, Philadelphia. 3. Kindly supplied as Neosporin Ointment by Burroughs-Wellcome & Co., Tuckahoe, N.Y. 4. Thygeson, P.: Etiology and Treatment of Blepharitis , Arch. Ophthal. 36:445, 1946.Crossref 5. Thygeson, P., and Vaughan, D. G.: Seborrheic Blepharitis , Trans. Amer. Ophthal. Soc. 52: 173, 1954. 6. Hickey, C. S.: Pityrosporum Ovale: A Cause of Blepharitis , J. Maine Med. Ass. 41:135, 1950. 7. Bahn, G. C.: The Treatment of Seborrheic Blepharitis , Southern Med. J. 47:749, 1954.Crossref 8. Lavyel, A.: Selsunef Ointment to Treat Squamous Blepharitis , Amer. J. Ophthal. 49:820, 1960. 9. Wong, A. S.; Fasanella, R. M.; Haley, L. D.; Marshall, C. L., and Krehl, W. A.: Selenium (Selsun) in the Treatment of Marginal Blepharitis , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 55:246, 1956.Crossref 10. Quintieri, C.: Treatment of Squamous Blepharitis by Selenium Sulphide , Boll. Oculist. 34:687, 1955. 11. Ainslie, D.: The Treatment of Blepharitis , Brit. Med. J. 4731:582, 1951.Crossref 12. Repaski, R.: Lysis of Gram-Negative Organisms and the Role of Versene , Biochim. Biophys. Acta 30:225, 1958.Crossref 13. MacGregor, D. R., and Elliker, P. R.: A Comparison of Some Properties of Strains of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Sensitive and Resistant to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds , Canad. J. Microbiol. 4:499, 1958.Crossref

KORNBLUETH, WALTER;ABRAHAMOV, ABRAHAM;ALADJEMOFF, LEONIE;MAGORA, FLORELLA;GOMBOS, GEORG

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960020750009pmid: 14458451

Abstract Only a few studies have been made on the intraocular pressure in full-term newborn infants. Dolcet1 found that these values ranged from 41-56 mm. Hg, while Giles2 reported that the intraocular pressure in the newborn approached the upper limit of that in adults (25.8 mm. Hg). Similar readings have been obtained previously by Brockhurst.3 The above measurements were made without the use of general anesthesia which might have resulted in gross inaccuracies of the readings due to restlessness of the infant during tonometry. It therefore seemed important to measure the range of the normal intraocular pressure in the newborn under general anesthesia in order to evaluate, under comparable conditions, the borderline between the normal intraocular pressure and that of early congenital glaucoma. This report describes the results of tonometric and tonographic measurements of the intraocular pressure in newborn infants performed under general anesthesia. Material and Methods The References 1. Dolcet, L.: Tension ocular del recien nacido , Arch. Soc. Oftal. Hisp.-Amer. 12:1057, 1952 2. Wolfgang Leydhecker , Glaukom, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1960, p. 2. 3. Giles, C. L.: Tonometer Tensions in the Newborn , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 61:517, 1959.Crossref 4. Brockhurst, R. J.: The Intraocular Pressure of Premature Infants , Amer. J. Ophthal. 39:808, 1955. 5. Kornblueth, W.; Aladjemoff, L.; Magora, F., and Gabbay, A.: Influence of General Anesthesia on Intraocular Pressure in Man , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 61:84, 1959.Crossref 6. Becker, B.: The Decline in Aqueous Secretion and Outflow Facility with Age , Amer. J. Ophthal. 46:731, 1958. 7. Kinsey, E., and Jackson, B.: Investigation of the Blood Aqueous Barrier in the Newborn , Amer. J. Ophthal. 32:374, 1949. 8. Coulombre, A. J.: The Role of Intraocular Pressure in the Development of the Chick Eye , A.M.A. Arch. Ophthal. 57:250, 1957.Crossref

SOPER, JOSEPH W.;SAMPSON, WHITNEY G.;GIRARD, LOUIS J.

1962 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960020753010pmid: 13915228

Abstract Introduction Within the last decade, the corneal contact lens has evolved from an optical curiosity into a widely accepted visual aid. The manufacturing and fitting techniques have become an exacting science. However, expedient clinical methods for the measurement and evaluation of the corneal curvatures have significantly lagged behind those of lens production and modification.The use of standard instruments to measure the radius of curvature of the cornea ordinarily requires that the patient sight a fixed target, either a mirrored image of the eye itself or some form of stationary fixation object, while the keratometric reading is made.* In the majority of normal eyes this method is satisfactory. There are, however, a number of normal as well as many abnormal conditions in which this technique will not always produce so-called true measurements. These conditions may be unusually high astigmatism, keratoconus, or the result of cataract extraction, keratoplasty, pterygium resection, or References 1. The measurement of corneal curvatures is more accurately described as keratometry than ophthalmometry, and instruments designed for this purpose will be referred to, in general terms, as keratometers. However, the Bausch & Lomb Optical Company has patented their instrument as the Keratometer, and measurements performed with this specific instrument will be referred to as keratometry. 2. Paralleling the steepest zone of the flattest primary meridian is popularly referred to as fitting "on k." If the lens is not fitted "on k" then one refers to "steeper or flatter so many diopters or millimeters." Therefore, accurate determination of "k" before the fitting of a lens is of the utmost importance. 3. In the Bausch & Lomb Keratometer, which was used in this study, a fixed target size and variable doubling in the primary meridians are used to maintain a "one position" setting. In the "two position" instruments a constant doubling value is maintained, and the size of the target is varied in the primary meridians. Although this will cause a variation in the size of the zone measured between different types of instruments over the same range of corneal curvatures, the fallacies in the interpretation of measurements to be discussed apply to all types of keratometers. 4. Patents pending. 5. Reynolds, A. E., and Kratt, H. J.: The Photo-Electronic Keratoscope , Contacto 3:53, 1959. 6. Bonnet, R., and Cochet, P.: Nouvelle methode d'ophthalmometrie topographique sa valeur theorique: Ses Applications cliniques , Bull. Mem. Soc. Franc. Ophthal. 73:687, 1960. 7. Sheard, C.: Physiological Optics , Chicago, Cleveland Press, 1918, pp. 46-67. 8. Emsley, H. H.: Visual Optics , Vol. 1, London, Hatton Press Ltd., 1953, pp. 309-335. 9. Javal, E.: Troisième contribution a l'Ophthalmométrie: Description de quelques images keratoscopiques , Ann. Oculist. (Par.) 89:5, 1883. 10. Gullstrand, A.: Practical Method of Define the Astigmatism of the Cornea by the So-Called Denivellation of Ophthalmometric Pictures , Nord. Ophthal. T. (Kbh.) 2:93, 1889.