A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

SCHEIE, HAROLD G.

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020774001pmid: 14777207

Abstract GONIOPUNCTURE is a filtering operation, developed as a result of experiences with goniotomy, which seems of value in juvenile, and possibly congenital, glaucoma. The operation is done by carrying the tip of a knife, devised for this purpose, across the anterior chamber as in goniotomy; but, instead of sweeping the knife along the angle, a counterpuncture into the subconjunctival space is made through the trabecular region of the corneoscleral wall. When the operation is successful, a permanent fistula is established which permits subconjunctival drainage of aqueous humor, indicated by normalization of tension and diffuse edema of the conjunctiva over the area adjacent to the puncture. A persistent hole usually can be seen by gonioscopic examination in the angle wall at the site of the puncture. Although the data accumulated are as yet insufficient, goniopuncture seems effective in treatment of juvenile glaucoma and may offer promise in congenital glaucoma. It has References 1. Barkan, O.: Technic of Goniotomy for Congenital Glaucoma , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 52:210-226 ( (Jan.-Feb.) ) 1948. 2. Scheie, H. G.: Goniotomy in the Treatment of Congenital Glaucoma , Arch. Ophth. 42:266-282 ( (Sept.) ) 1949.Crossref 3. Chandler, P. A.: Symposium on Primary Glaucoma: V. Complications of Surgery , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 53:224-231 ( (Jan.) ) 1949. 4. Tailor, U.: Sulla incisione dell'angolo irideo (contributione alla cura del glaucoma) , Ann. di ottal. 20:117-127, 1891-1892. 5. de Vincentiis, C.: Incisione dell'angolo irideo nel glaucoma , Ann. di ottal. 22:540-542, 1893. 6. de Wecker, L.: Sclerotomie luterme , Ann. d'ocul. 114: 103-117, 1895. 7. Valude and Duclos: Du débridement de l'angle iridien , Ann. d'ocul. 119:98-116, 241-272, 1898. 8. Bader, C.: Sclerotomy Versus Iridectomy , Ophth. Hosp. Rep. 8:430-433, 1876.

COGAN, DAVID G.;KUBIK, CHARLES S.;SMITH, WILLIAM L.

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020796002

Abstract PARALYSIS of both medial rectus muscles on attempted conjugate lateral gaze without other evidence of third nerve paralysis is an entity known as internuclear ophthalmoplegia. It is relatively common and almost invariably due to multiple sclerosis. Paralysis of one medial rectus muscle on attempted conjugate lateral gaze is much less common. It is the purpose of this communication to present eight cases of the unilateral syndrome and to describe the anatomic lesions in one. The latter is the first case of unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia in which a pathologic study has been carried out. In only a single case of the bilateral syndrome has postmortem examination been made.1 Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is presumed to result from a lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus with consequent interruption of the impulses from a center in the medulla on one side to the medial rectus nucleus on the opposite side. The syndrome has been References 1. Spiller, W. G.: Ophthalmoplegia Internuclearis Anterior: A Case with Necropsy , Brain 47:345, 1924.Crossref 2. (a) Klossowsky, B., and Levikowa, A. M.: Der Mechanismus der vestibularen Nystagmus. (Über die homonyme keineswegs cruciate Innervation der Musculi recti interni von dem Oculomotoriuskern beim Nystagmus) , Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol. 228:198, 1931.Crossref 3. (b) Bender, M. B., and Weinstein, E. A.: Effects of Stimulation and Lesion of Median Longitudinal Fasciculus in the Monkey , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 52:106 ( (Aug.) ) 1944. 4. Cogan, D. G.: Neurology of the Ocular Muscles , Springfield, Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1948. 5. Sauvineau: Un nouveau type de paralysie associée des mouvements horizontaux des yeux , Bull. et mém. Soc. franç. d'opht. 13:524, 1895. 6. Fischer, O.: Isolierte Lähmung eines Musculus rectus internus als Seitenwender , Prag. med. Wchnschr. 30:677, 1905. 7. Jaensch, P. A.: Einseitige supranukleare Medialisparese , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 73:471, 1924. 8. Jaensch, P. A.: Zur Klinik der supranuclearen Medialisparese und internuclearen Ophthalmoplegie , Arch. f. Ophth. 125:592, 1930-1931. 9. Lutz, A.: Über einseitige Ophthalmoplegia internuclearis anterior. (Beschreibung eines neuen Falles in Verbindung mit heterolateraler Herabsetzung des automatischen Blinzelreflexes und Verlust der Reaktionsfähigkeit der homolateralen vertikalen Bogengänge) , Arch. f. Ophth. 115:695, 1924-1925. 10. Lutz, A.: Nachtrag zu meiner Arbeit: Über einseitige Ophthalmoplegia internuclearis anterior , Arch. f. Ophth. 116:376, 1925-1926. 11. Dunphy, E. B.: Ophthalmoplegia Internuclearis: Report of a Case , Arch. Ophth. 55:54 ( (Jan.) ) 1926. 12. Müller, H. K., and Mani, P.: Über die isolierte, einseitige, supranukleare Medialislähmung , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 97:685, 1936. 13. Kubik, C., and Adams, R. D.: Occlusion of the Basilar Artery—Clinical and Pathological Study , Brain 69:73, 1946

DUNPHY, EDWIN B.

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020810003pmid: 14777209

Abstract AMONG the various drugs used in the treatment of disease during the past 15 years, four principal groups stand out as revolutionary: the sulfonamides, the antibiotics, the antihistaminics and the recently developed steroids of the adrenal cortex and their activating hormones from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It will be my endeavor to review what is known about the mechanism of action of these drugs and to point out practical applications in the field of ocular therapeutics. The use of the sulfonamides and the antibiotics to attack pathogenic organisms may seem to be a relatively modern procedure, but actually the principles of chemotherapy are not new. Paul Ehrlich,1 of Germany, formulated them as far back as 1913. He defined chemotherapy as the treatment of parasitic disease by direct chemical attack on the responsible organism with a minimum of damage to the tissues of the host. He showed References 1. Ehrlich, P.: Chemotherapeutics: Scientific Principles, Methods, and Results , Lancet 2:45, 1913. 2. Woods, D. D.: Relation of p-Aminobenzoic Acid to Mechanism of Action of Sulphanilamide , Brit. J. Exper. Path. 21:74, 1940. 3. Angier, R. B., and others: Structure and Synthesis of Liver L. Casei Factor , Science 103:667, 1946.Crossref 4. Swan, K. C.: Personal communication to the author. 5. Bellows, J. G.: Chemotherapy in Ophthalmology , Arch. Ophth. 29:888 ( (June) ) 1943.Crossref 6. Davis, B. D.: Binding of Sulphonamides by Plasma Proteins , Science 95: 78, 1942.Crossref 7. Goldstein, A.: Antibacterial Chemotherapy , New England J. Med. 240:98, 1949.Crossref 8. Ehrlich, P.: Chemotherapeutische Trypanosomen-Studien , Berl. klin. Wchnschr. 44:233, 1907. 9. Lehr, O.: Low Toxicity of Sulphonamide Mixtures , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 64:393, 1947. 10. Weinstein, L.: Personal communication to the author. 11. von Sallmann, L.: Controversial Points in Penicillin Therapy in Ocular Disease , Arch. Ophth. 39:752 ( (June) ) 1948. 12. Struble, G. C., and Bellows, J. G.: Studies on Distribution of Penicillin in the Eye and Its Clinical Application , J. A. M. A. 125:685 ( (July 8) ) 1944. 13. von Sallmann, L., and Meyer, K.: Penetration of Penicillin into Eye , Arch. Ophth. 31:1 ( (Jan.) ) 1944. 14. Swan, K. C.: Personal communication to the author. 15. Leopold, I., and LaMotte, W. O., Jr.: Penetration of Penicillin in Rabbit Eyes with Normal Inflamed and Abraded Corneas , Arch. Ophth. 33:43 ( (Jan.) ) 1945. 16. Bellows, J. G., and Farmer, C. J.: Streptomycin in Ophthalmology , Am. J. Ophth. 30:1215, 1947. 17. McDermott, W.: Toxicity of Streptomycin , Am. J. Med. 2:491, 1947. 18. Marshall, E. K., Jr.: Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion of Streptomycin , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 92:43, 1948. 19. Chandler, C. A., and Schoenbach, E. B.: Studies on Bacterial Resistance to Streptomycin , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 64:208, 1947. 20. Woods, A. C., and Wood, R. M.: Studies in Experimental Ocular Tuberculosis: Effects of Streptomycin and "Promizole" on Experimental Ocular Tuberculosis in the Immune-Allergic Rabbit , Arch. Ophth. 40:413 ( (Oct.) ) 1948. 21. Woods, A. C.: Therapeutic Action of Streptomycin and Promizole® in Clinical Ocular Tuberculosis: A Preliminary Report , Arch. Ophth. 42:521 ( (Nov.) ) 1949. 22. Bietti, G. B.: Use of Paraaminosalicylic Acid Alone or in Association with Streptomycin in Ocular Tuberculosis: Experimental and Clinical Investigations , Arch. Ophth. 43:431 ( (March) ) 1950. 23. Bellows, J. G.; Richardson, V., and Farmer, C. J.: Aureomycin in Ophthamology , Am. J. Ophth. 33:273. 1950. 24. Swan, K. C.: Personal communication to the author. 25. Braley, A. E., and Sanders, M.: Aureomycin in Ocular Infections , Ann. New York Acad. Sc. 51:221, 1948.Crossref 26. Leopold, I. H.; Nichols, A. C., and Vogel, A. W.: Penetration of Chloramphenicol U. S. P. (Chloromycetin®) into the Eye , Arch. Ophth. 44:22 ( (July) ) 1950.Crossref 27. Leopold, I. H.; Dean, W., and Blazar, H.: An Evaluation of Antihistaminic Drug in Experimental Uveitis , Am. J. Ophth. 32:31, 1949. 28. Hench, P. S.; Kendall, E. C.; Slocumb, C. H., and Polley, H. F.: Effects of Cortisone Acetate and Pituitary ACTH on Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatic Fever, and Certain Other Conditions: A Study in Clinical Physiology , Arch. Int. Med. 85:545 ( (April) ) 1950.Crossref 29. Sprague, R. G., and others: Observations on Physiological Effects of Cortisone and ACTH in Man , Arch. Int. Med. 85:199 ( (Feb.) ) 1950.Crossref 30. Thorn, G. W., and others: Medical Progress: The Clinical Usefulness of ACTH and Cortisone , New England J. Med. 242:783, 1950.Crossref 31. Gordon, D. M., and McLean, J. M.: Effects of ACTH Therapy in Ophthalmological Conditions , J. A. M. A. 142:1271 ( (April 22) ) 1950.Crossref 32. Olson, J. A., and others: Effect of ACTH on Certain Inflammatory Diseases of the Eye , J. A. M. A. 142:1271 ( (April 22) ) 1950.Crossref 33. Potts, J.; Johnson, L. V.; Orchen, M., and Goodman, D.: Protein Transport in Ocular Structures, read before a Mid-Century Conference on Progress, National Society for the Prevention of Blindness and the Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology, Miami Beach, Fla., March 26-31, 1950, to be published.

DUNNINGTON, JOHN H.;REGAN, ELLEN F.

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020826004pmid: 14777210

Abstract IT IS UNDERSTANDABLE that the results of the surgical treatment of concomitant convergent strabismus are variable, for, as pointed out by Lancaster,1 "Operation is a vicarious remedy. It does not cure by removing the cause but by substituting a different set of conditions with which the physiologic mechanism must work." Being in complete accord with this statement, we thought that an evaluation of end results could best be accomplished by an analysis of 79 cases of surgically treated concomitant convergent strabismus. All the patients in this series have been followed for at least seven years since operation, for it was felt that any shorter period was inadequate for an accurate determination of the final outcome. Since the number of cases is too small to permit statistical analysis, percentages are given only when they are of real significance. We shall point out some important steps in the preoperative examination and References 1. Lancaster, W. B., in The Eye and Its Diseases , edited by C. Berens, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1949, p. 966. 2. White, J. W., and Brown, H. W.: Occurrence of Vertical Anomalies Associated with Convergent and Divergent Anomalies , Arch. Ophth. 21:999 ( (June) ) 1939.Crossref 3. Burian, H.: Surgery of Extraocular Muscles , Am. J. Ophth. 33:380 ( (March) ) 4. 577 (April) 1950. 5. Prangen, A. deH.: Some Observations on the Surgical Treatment of the Extra Ocular Muscles , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 44:251, 1947. 6. Post, L. T.: Suggestions for the Surgical Management of Strabismus , Am. J. Ophth. 32:345, 1949. 7. Adler, F. H., and Jackson, F. E.: Correlations Between Sensory and Motor Disturbance in Convergent Squint , Arch. Ophth. 38:289 ( (Sept.) ) 1947.Crossref 8. Travers, T. a'B.: The Comparisons Between the Visual Results Obtained by Various Methods Employed for the Treatment of Concomitant Strabismus , London, George Pulman & Sons, Ltd., 1936, p. 34. 9. Dicke, D.: Abnormal Retinal Correspondence , Am. J. Ophth. 25:585 ( (May) ) 1942. 10. Burian, H.: Strabismus: Review of the Literature , Arch. Ophth. 44:146 ( (July) ) 1950.Crossref 11. Travers, T. a'B.: The Practical Importance of Abnormal Retinal Correspondence , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 54:561, 1950. 12. Bressler, J. L.: Treatment of Strabismus , Arch. Ophth. 16:433 ( (Sept.) ) 1936.Crossref 13. Hicks, A. M., and Hosford, G. N.: Orthoptic Treatment of Squint , Arch. Ophth. 13:1026 ( (June) ) 1935.Crossref 14. Berens, C.; Elliot, A. J., and Sobacke, L.: Orthoptic Treatment and the Surgical Correction of Strabismus , Am. J. Ophth. 24:1418, 1941. 15. Lordan, J. P.: Orthoptic and Surgical Management of Strabismus , Arch. Ophth. 12:843 ( (Dec.) ) 1934.Crossref 16. Faulkner, S. H.; Scully, E., and Carter, E. E.: Operation on 100 Cases of Convergent Concomitant Squint , Brit. J. Ophth. 28:403, 1944.Crossref 17. Duthie, O. M.: Operative Impressions in Orthoptic Training , Brit. Orthoptic J. 1:28, 1939. 18. Dejean, C.: Le réglage de l'opération du strabisme , Arch. d'opht. 6:1, 1946. 19. Carroll, F. D., and Blake, E. M.: Repair Following Operations on Extra-Ocular Muscles: Histologic Obervations , Arch. Ophth. 8:711 ( (Nov.) ) 1932.Crossref 20. Chouke, K. S.: Repair Following Tucking Operations on the Extraocular Muscles , Am. J. Ophth. 28:50 ( (Jan.) ) 1945. 21. Gifford, S. R.: Position of Muscles After Operation for Strabismus , Arch. Ophth. 27:443 ( (March) ) 1942.Crossref

SUGAR, H. SAUL;WEBSTER, J. E.;GURDJIAN, E. S.

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020836005pmid: 14777211

Abstract ALTHOUGH traumatic or surgical occlusion of one or both common carotid arteries or their branches may be asymptomatic, especially in young persons, spontaneous thrombosis of these vessels in a subject with marked vascular sclerosis is more likely to lead to serious neurologic disturbances. Recent experience with three patients having optic nerve atrophy accompanying proved spontaneous thrombosis of the carotid arteries has prompted this communication. The cause of spontaneous thrombosis of the carotid arteries is generally considered to be atherosclerosis. The thrombosis is commonly associated with sclerosis of the aorta and with aortic aneurysms. However, cases have been reported in which the cause of the thrombosis was thought to be obliterative syphilitic arteritis, embolism or nonsyphilitic arteritis. The recent reports of Galdston and associates,1 Wolfe,2 Erickson3 and Webster, Dolgoff and Gurdjian,4 (the last of which included two of the present cases) show that advanced atheromatous changes are References 1. Galdston, M.; Govons, S.; Wortis, S. B.; Steele, J. M., and Taylor, H. K.: Thrombosis of the Common, Internal and External Carotid Arteries: Report of 2 Cases with a Review of the Literature , Arch. Int. Med. 67:1162 ( (June) ) 1941.Crossref 2. Wolfe, H. R. I.: Unexplained Thrombosis of the Internal Carotid Artery , Lancet 2:567, 1948.Crossref 3. Erickson, S.: Über Arteriographie bei Thrombose in der Carotis interna , Acta radiol. 24:392, 1943.Crossref 4. Webster, J. E.; Dolgoff, S., and Gurdjian, E. S.: Spontaneous Thrombosis of the Carotid Arteries in the Neck: Report of 4 Cases , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 63:942 ( (June) ) 1950. 5. Keele, C. A.: Pathological Changes in the Carotid Sinus and Their Relationship to Hypertension , Quart. J. Med. 2:213, 1933. 6. Dow, D. R.: The Incidence of Arteriosclerosis in the Arteries of the Body , Brit. M. J. 2:162, 1925. 7. Saphir, O.: Serpentine Aneurysm of the Internal Carotid Artery with Resulting Encephalomalacia and Cerebral Hemorrhage , Arch. Path. 20:36 ( (July) ) 1935. 8. Marinesco, G., and Kreindler, A.: Oblitération progressive et complète des deux carotides primitives: Accès épileptiques; considérations sur le rôle des sinus carotidiens dans la pathogénie de l'accès épileptique , Presse méd. 44:833, 1936. 9. Kussmaul, A.: Zwei Fälle von spontaner, allmäliger Verschliessung grosser Halsarterienstämme , Deutsche Klin. 24:461 and 473, 1872. 10. Harbitz, F.: Bilateral Carotid Arteritis , Arch. Path. 1:499, 1926. 11. Raeder, J. G.: Ein Fall von symmetrischer Karotisaffektion mit präseniler Katarakt und "Glaukom" sowie Gesichtsatrophie , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 78:63, 1927. 12. Penzoldt, F.: Über Thrombose (autochthone oder embolische) der Carotis , Deutsches Arch. f. klin. Med. 28:80, 1880-1881. 13. Hunt, R.: The Role of the Carotid Arteries in the Causation of Vascular Lesions of the Brain, with Remarks on Certain Special Features of the Symptomatology , Am. J. M. Sc. 147:704, 1914. 14. Guthrie, L. G., and Mayou, S.: Right Hemiplegia and Atrophy of Left Optic Nerve , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 1:180, 1907-1908. 15. Egas Moniz; Almeida Lima, and de Lacerda, R.: Hémiplégies par thrombose de la carotide interne , Presse méd. 45:977, 1937.

SCHAEFFER, ALEXANDER J.;MURRAY, JOHN D.

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020846006pmid: 14777212

Abstract A HISTORICAL survey of the available information on the biochemistry of the eye in Krause's monograph1 shows a slow, progressive evolution. This knowledge concerning the protein chemistry of the cornea is relatively poor, and the information of earlier authors is of little value, as they are dated prior to the era of the protein chemistry opened by Fischer's ester method. Quantitatively, the corneal tissue consists chiefly of the substantia propria, and, logically, most attention was given to that part. One of the earlier investigators, Müller,2 found that it consists basically of collagen. Because of its physical characteristics, the protein reminded him of the basic substance of the cartilage, and he called it chondrogen. The investigations of Bruns,2 His,2 Fubini2 and Morochowetz2 moved on a similar plane, until Mörner3 offered more definite details. He found that the corneal tissue contains mainly collagen, with a References 1. Krause, A. C.: The Biochemistry of the Eye , Monograph no. 2, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and University, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1934. 2. Cited by Krause.1 3. Mörner, C. T.: Untersuchungen der Proteinsubstanzen in den lichtbrechenden Medien des Auges: II. , Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 18:213, III., 233, 1894. 4. Jess, A.: Zur vergleichenden Chemie der Hornhaut und der Lederhaut des Auges , Arch. f. Ophth. 112:489, 1923. 5. Schaeffer, A. J., and Shankman, S.: Amino Acid Composition of Proteins of the Ocular Tissues , Am. J. Ophth. 33:1049, 1950. 6. Krause, A. C.: The Chemical Constitution of the Cornea , Am. J. Ophth. 15:422, 1932 7. Die chemische Zusammensetzung der Eiweisse in der Hornhaut , Arch. f. Augenh. 107:453, 1933 8. The Chemical Constitution of the Sclera , Arch. Ophth. 7:598 ( (April) ) 1932Crossref 9. The Chemistry of the Sclera , Am. J. Ophth. 16:214, 1933. 10. Schaeffer, A. J., and Murray, J. D.: Amino Acid Composition of the Lens Proteins of the Bovine Eye , Arch. Ophth. 43:1056 ( (June) ) 1950.Crossref 11. The H. M. Chemical Laboratories, Los Angeles, permitted use of their facilities and rendered technical assistance.

TÖRNQUIST, RAGNAR

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020855007pmid: 14777213

Abstract BRILL, Baehr and Rosenthal1 (1925) described a syndrome that is characterized by follicular hyperplasia of the lymph nodes, often accompanied with splenomegaly, and remarkably remediable with roentgen irradiation. It has been accepted generally as a specific disease. Numerous case reports and several monographs have dealt with it. Symmers (1938)2 published the first large paper, and the disease is often called the Brill-Symmers syndrome. The usual terms in the United States literature are "follicular lymphoblastoma" and "giant follicular lymphadenopathy." The disorder is fairly well defined, and after histological examination of a lymph node the diagnosis is usually easy. The number and size of the follicles are increased; the cellular tissue is composed of comparatively large cells with numerous mitoses and tends to invade the fibrous capsule; often the entire lymphadenoid system is involved, but sometimes certain groups of glands only are affected; usually the blood picture is completely normal References 1. Brill, N. E.; Baehr, G., and Rosenthal, N.: Generalized Giant Lymph Follicle Hyperplasia of Lymph Nodes and Spleen , J. A. M. A. 84:668 ( (Feb. 28) ) 1925.Crossref 2. Symmers, D.: Giant Follicular Lymphadenopathy With or Without Splenomegaly: Its Transformation into Polymorphous Cell Sarcoma of the Lymph Follicles and Its Association with Hodgkin's Disease, Lymphatic Leukemia and an Apparently Unique Disease of the Lymph Nodes and Spleen—A Disease Entity Believed Heretofore Undescribed , Arch. Path. 26:603 ( (Sept.) ) 1938. 3. Rubenfeld, S.: The Radiation Treatment of Giant Follicular Lymphadenopathy and Its Polymorphous Cell Sarcoma Derivative (Symmers' Disease) , Am. J. Roentgenol. 44:875, 1940. 4. Brück, C.: Fall av Symmers sjukdom , Nord. med. 17:505, 1943. 5. Combes, F. D., and Bluefarb, S. M.: Giant Follicular Lymphadenopathy: Association of Giant Follicular Lymphadenophy and Its Polymorphous Cell Sarcoma Derivative, Symmers' Disease, with Lesions of Skin , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 44:409 ( (Sept.) ) 1941. 6. Brück, C.: Symmers' disease , Acta dermat-venereol. 25:411, 1945. 7. Braley, A. E., and Alexander, R. C.: Virus Studies in Lymphomatoid Diseases of the Ocular Adnexa , Am. J. Ophth. 30:1369 ( (Nov.) ) 1947. 8. Baehr, G.; Klemperer, P., and Rosenthal, N.: Follicular Lymphoblastoma , Am. J. Path. 7:558, 1931. 9. Heintzelmann, F.: Giant Follicle Lymphadenopathy (Follicular Reticulosis—Brill-Symmers' Disease) , Acta med. Scand. 124:359, 1946. 10. Hammarsten, G.: Klinisk kemi , in Astra: Kliniska laboratoriumsmetoder , Stockholm, 1947. 11. Ljungdahl-Östberg, K., and Mårtensson, E.: Två fall av Symmers syndrom , in M. Ljungdahls Festskrift: Om sjukdom och sjukvård , Gleerup, Lund, 1947. 12. Salm, R.: Het lymphoblastoma folliculare; Dissertation, Amsterdam, 1939. 13. von Bahr, G.: Case of Uveo-Parotitis with Perivasculitis and Other Rare Symptoms , Acta ophth. 16:101, 1938. 14. Rosenthal, N.; Harris, W., and Kean, A.: Clinical and Radiotherapeutic Considerations of Follicular Lymphoblastoma , Am. J. Roentgenol. 29:95, 1933. 15. Ross, J. M.: Classification of Non-Infective Enlargement of Lymph Nodes , Brit. M. J. 2:1029, 1939. 16. Baggenstoss, A. H., and Heck, F. J.: Follicular Lymphoblastoma (Giant Lymph Follicle Hyperplasia of Lymph Nodes and Spleen) , Am. J. M. Sc. 200:17, 1940. 17. Goedbloed, J., and Wijers, H. J. G.: Lymfoblastoma Folliculare (Mitteilung eines Falles mit Augensymptomen) , Acta ophth. 19:28, 1941. 18. Ennema, M. C.: Lymphoma Conjunctivae , Acta ophth. 13:225, 1935. 19. Weve, H. I. M.: Een lymphatische tumor van den traanzak , Nederl. tijdschr. v. geneesk. 1:696, 1928. 20. Sédan, J.: Astier, A., and Caudière, M.: Lymphoblastome du sac lacrymal genéralisé aprés étape orbitaire, à la totalité de l'appareil lymphatique , Bull. et mém. Soc. franç. d'opht. 44:249, 1931.

KING, JOHN HARRY

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020867008

Abstract THE INCIDENCE of pterygium among military personnel in semitropical Hawaii is higher than in most sections of the United States; however, its frequency does not approach that of the more tropical countries. A uniform satisfactory treatment of this ancient problem is far from achievement. One who sees many pterygiums cannot help but be impressed by the large number which have previously been treated surgically. In the published series recurrence rates vary. One may justifiably suspect that in a series in which no failures are reported the patients have not been carefully followed. During the past 18 months, my colleagues and I have treated 300 patients with pterygium at this hospital. In about one third the lesion was recurrent, and previous operation had been done elsewhere. The obvious failure of the usual method of treatment prompted us to employ various technics, in an effort to determine the most satisfactory treatment. ETIOLOGY References 1. Kamel, S.: Pterygium: Its Nature and a New Line of Treatment , Brit. J. Ophth. 30:549 ( (Sept.) ) 1946.Crossref 2. Zubak, M. F. C.: Electrocoagulation of Pterygia , Arch. Ophth. 5:732 ( (May) ) 1931.Crossref 3. Kirby, D. B.: Electro-Surgical Excision of Pterygium; New Method , Am. J. Ophth. 26:301 ( (March) ) 1943. 4. McReynolds, J. O.: The Nature and Treatment of Pterygia , J. A. M. A. 39:296 ( (Aug. 9) ) 1902.Crossref 5. D'Ombrain, A.: The Surgical Treatment of Pterygium , Brit. J. Ophth. 32:65 ( (Feb.) ) 1948.Crossref 6. Rosen, E.: Pterygium , Brit. J. Ophth. 32:300 ( (May) ) 1948.Crossref 7. Weiner, H.: Am. J. Ophth. 11:876 (Nov.) 1928. 8. Miller, H.: Modification of Desmarres' Operation for Transplantation of Pterygium , Am. J. Ophth. 20:165 ( (Feb.) ) 1937. 9. Berens, C., in discussion on Neher, E. M.: New Method for Transplanting Pterygium , Arch. Ophth. 21:30 ( (Jan.) ) 1939.Crossref 10. Ziegler, S. L.: The Subconjunctival Excision of Pterygium , International Congress of Ophthalmology , Philadelphia, 1922, vol. 1, p. 205. 11. Goldenburg, M.: Pterygium Surgery , Proc. Chicago Ophth. Soc. , (Nov.) 21, 1921 12. abstracted, Am. J. Ophth. 5:256 ( (April) ) 1922. 13. Neher, E. M.: A New Method of Transplanting Pterygium , Arch. Ophth. 21:30 ( (Jan.) ) 1939.Crossref 14. Goldsmith, J.: A New Modification of the McReynolds Transplantation for Pterygium , Arch. Ophth. 37:194 ( (Feb.) ) 1947.Crossref 15. Knapp, H.: New Plastic Conjunctival Operation , Arch. f. Ophth. 14:267, 1868. 16. Fuchs, E.: Textbook of Ophthalmology , Am. ed. 2, New York, D. Appleton & Co., 1903, p. 115. 17. Berens, C.: The Eye and Its Diseases , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1936, vol. 20, p. 1078. 18. Wadsworth, J. A. C.: Personal communication to the author, 1949. 19. Campodónico, E.: A New Procedure in the Excision Method of Pterygium Operation , International Congress of Ophthalmology, Washington, D. C. 1:201 ( (April) ) 1922. 20. Bangerter, A.: Pterygium Operation and Covering of Conjunctival Defects , Ophthalmologica 106:316 ( (Dec.) ) 1943.Crossref 21. (b) Spaeth, E. B.: Principles and Practice of Ophthalmic Surgery , ed. 4, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1948, p. 593 22. (a) D'Ombrain, A.: Surgical Treatment of Pterygium , Brit. J. Ophth. 32:65 ( (Feb.) ) 1948.Crossref 23. (b) Sugar, H. S.: Surgical Treatment for Pterygium , Am. J. Ophth. 32:912 ( (July) ) 1949. 24. McGavic, J. S.: Surgical Treatment of Recurrent Pterygium , Arch Ophth. 42:726 ( (Dec.) ) 1949.Crossref 25. Wiener, M.: Treatment of Recurrent Pterygium , Am. J. Ophth. 11:876 ( (Nov.) ) 1928 26. Klein, S.: Zur Operation des Pterygium und zur Transplantation vom Schleimhaut , Allg. Wien. med. Ztg. 21:19; 29, 1876. 27. Elschnig, H. H.: A New Operation for Relapsing Pterygium, Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 76:714, 1926. 28. Gómez-Márquez, J.: New Operative Procedure for Pterygium , Arch. de oftal. hispano-am. 31:87 ( (Feb.) ) 1931. 29. Spaeth, E. B.: Rotated Island Graft Operation for Pterygium , Am. J. Ophth. 9:649 ( (Sept.) ) 1926. 30. Blatt, N.: Replantation of Pterygium as a Method of Operation for Pterygium , Ztschr. f. Augenh. 76:161 ( (Jan.) ) 1932. 31. Duverger, C.: Extirpation of Pterygium and Transplantation of Buccal Mucous Membrane , Arch. d'opht. 43:705 ( (Dec.) ) 1926. 32. Mata, P.: Surgical Treatment of Pterygium with Mucous Autoplasty , Arch. de oftal. hispano-am. 31:177 ( (March) ) 1931. 33. Spaeth,20b p. 313. 34. Panzardi, D.: Use of Fetal Membranes as Material for Plastic Restoration of Conjunctiva, with Special Regard to Their Use in Pterygium , Boll. d'ocul. 26:332 ( (May) ) 1947. 35. Hotz, F. C.: A Few Experiments with Thiersch Grafts in the Operation for Pterygium , J. A. M. A. 19:297 ( (Sept. 10) ) 1892.Crossref 36. Gifford, H.: Treatment of Recurrent Pterygium , Ophth. Rec. 18:1 ( (Jan.) ) 1909. 37. Magitot, A.: A Critical Study of Certain Biological Properties of the Corneal Tissue and of Human Keratoplasty , Ann. d'ocul. 152:417 ( (Oct.) ) 1916. 38. Reis, J. L.: A Corneal Graft Operation for Recurrent Pterygium , Brit. J. Ophth. 29:637 ( (Dec.) ) 1945.Crossref 39. Castroviejo, R., in Spaeth,20b p. 647. 40. Torres Estrada, A.: Treatment of Pterygium , J. Internat. Coll. Surgeons 3:219 ( (June) ) 1940. 41. Wiener, M.: Surgery of the Eye , ed. 2, New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1949, p. 195. 42. Hilgartner, H. L.; Wilson, R. T., and Wilson, J. D.: Surgical Treatment of Pterygia Followed by X-Ray Therapy to Prevent Recurrence , Am. J. Ophth. 31:667 ( (June) ) 1948. 43. Roentgen treatments were administered by Col. Paul Paden, Department of Roentgenology, Tripler Army Hospital. Details of the technic are omitted. 44. Iliff, C. E.: Beta Irradiation in Ophthalmology , Arch. Ophth. 38:415 ( (Oct.) ) 1947.Crossref 45. Ruedemann, A. D.: Beta Radiation Therapy , Arch. Ophth. 41:1 ( (Jan.) ) 1949.Crossref 46. Hughes, W. F., and Iliff, C. E.: Beta Irradiation of the Eye , Am. J Ophth. 32:351 ( (March) ) 1949. 47. Spaeth,20b p. 591. 48. Wiener,38 p. 199. 49. Friedell, H. L.; Thomas, C. I., and Krohmer, J. S.: Beta-Ray Application to the Eye , Am. J. Ophth. 33:525 ( (April) ) 1950. 50. Adler, F. H., in Gifford, S. R.: Textbook of Ophthalmology , edited by Francis H. Adler, ed. 4, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1947, p. 217. 51. D'Ombrain, A.: Personal communication to the author, 1949. 52. Goar, E. L.: Handbook of Ophthalmology , St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Company, 1948, p. 80.

JOHNSON, LORAND V.

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020883009

Abstract ADHERENCE of the lateral rectus to the insertion of the inferior oblique muscle has been observed by many surgeons. After my demonstration of such an adherence at the 1946 meeting of the American College of Surgeons, in Cleveland, Dr. Bruce Fralick expressed it as his opinion that such an adherence might be postinflammatory, a view also expressed by Dr. Virgil Casten and Dr. Albert Ruedemann. Dr. Walter H. Fink1 appears to have made the only recorded mention of this anomaly, when he stated: ... In addition to the above [the insertion of the inferior oblique was unusually long and surrounded the optic nerve], it seems advisable to mention that on two occasions during operation, a fusion of the inferior oblique and the lateral rectus was noted. This anomaly apparently attributed [sic] to the unusual type of strabismus noted in the patient pre-operatively. Whitnall did not note any anomalies in the References 1. Fink, W. H.: A Study of the Anatomical Variations in the Attachment of the Oblique Muscles of the Eyeball , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 51:500-513 ( (May-June) ) 1947. 2. Except as shown by moving pictures to a selected group attending the 1949 meeting of the Association for Research in Ophthalmology in Philadelphia and, again, to a similar group during the 1949 meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, in Chicago.

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020892010pmid: 14777216

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The contributions which the late Dr. Harry Friedenwald made were numerous and his interests were widespread. The Archives believes that his medical writings should be listed because of their value to ophthalmology. ORIGINAL ARTICLES Two Cases of Unsuspected Fracture of the Skull, Philadelphia M. Times 17:249, 1886-1887. Ein Fall von Iriscyste nach Magnetextraction: Heilung durch Excision mit Erzielung guter Sehschärfe, Centralbl. f. prakt. Augenh. 12:341, 1888. Der sichtbare Blutstrom in neugebildeten Hornhautgefässen, ibid. 12:33, 1888. Cases of Phlegmonous Gangrene of the Lid, Am. J. Ophth. 7:285, 1890. Recent Investigations in Strabismus, New York M. J. 52:179, 1890. The Visual Symptoms of Migraine, Maryland M. J. 24:133, 1890. Report of the Ophthalmoscopic Examination of Dr. Preston's Cases of Arterio-Sclerosis, J. A. M. A. 16:622 (May 2) 1891. Retinitis Diabetica, Arch. Ophth. 20:544, 1891. A Case of Extensive Caries and Cholesteatoma of the Mastoid Process Without Local Signs of Inflammation: Death from