A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

ARENDSHORST, WILLIAM;FALLS, HAROLD F.

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020647001pmid: 14770665

Abstract OPHTHALMOLOGISTS have long been impressed by the favorable, and frequently dramatic, immediate effects of general protein shock in diseases of the uveal tract. Nonspecific foreign protein shock therapy is now widely accepted in the management of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the eye. The agents producing more pronounced febrile reactions have gradually grown in popularity. Milk, milk derivatives and typhoid vaccine have enjoyed worldwide acceptance. Severe, and occasionally fatal, reactions to typhoid vaccine have led many physicians to prefer the milder-acting typhoid H antigen preparation. An explanation of the specific therapeutic effect produced by these agents has been long in forthcoming. The concensus was that the severe general reaction, accompanied with leukocytosis, general and local vasodilatation, increased antibody titer, etc., stimulated the mechanism of immunity of the entire body to excessive response. It was not until 1946, when Selye1 introduced his concept of the "general adaptation syndrome," that References 1. Selye, H.: The General-Adaptation-Syndrome and the Disease of Adaptation , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 6:117, 1946.Crossref 2. Hume, D. M., and Wittenstein, G. J., in Mote, J. R.: Proceedings of the First Clinical ACTH Conference, Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company, 1950, p. 145. 3. Brown, A. L., and Pugh, J.: Effect of Intra-Ocular Concentration of Typhoid Antibodies on Experimental Corneal Ulcers, with a Report of 7 Cases , Arch. Ophth. 16:476 ( (Sept.) ) 1936.Crossref 4. Forsham, P. H., in Mote, J. R.: Proceedings of the First Clinical ACTH Conference, Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company, 1950, p. 21. 5. Randolph, T. G.: Differentiation and Enumeration of Eosinophiles in the Counting Chamber with a Glycol Stain: A Valuable Technique in Appraising ACTH Dosage , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 34:1696, 1949. 6. Morgan, H. R.: Tolerance of Toxic Action of Somatic Antigens of Enteric Bacteria , J. Immunol. 59:129, 1948. 7. Wells, J. A., and Rall, D. P.: Mechanism of Pyrogen Induced Fever , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 68:42, 1948. 8. Sanders, T. E.: Nonspecific Protein Therapy in Ocular Disease , J. Iowa M. Soc. 31:51, 1941. 9. Beeson, P. B.: Tolerance to Bacterial Pyrogens: Factors Influencing Its Development , J. Exper. Med. 86:29, 1947. 10. Kapuscinski, W. J., Jr.: Pyrétothérapie comme provocation diagnostique dans les uvéites , Arch. d'opht. 1:27, 1949. 11. Beeson, P. B.: Tolerance to Bacterial Pyrogens: Role of Retculo-Endothelial System , J. Exper. Med. 86:39, 1947.

LEE, JACK B.;BENEDICT, WILLIAM L.

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020655002pmid: 14770666

Abstract IN 1947 a young girl and her brother came to one of us (Benedict) for treatment of bilateral cataract. Both patients had had the cataracts since early childhood, and their condition had remained stationary. Although visual efficiency was impaired, especially in bright light, both children had progressed excellently in school and were not obviously handicapped. The cataracts were central only, the nucleus of the lens being clearly outlined as a gray disk and the periphery of the lens being clear. The children's mother had undergone needling for bilateral cataract in childhood, with somewhat disappointing results. The children's aunt exhibited the same gray nuclear cataracts without gross visual difficulty. Three years previously, in 1944, this aunt had brought her two sons (cousins of the children described above) to one of us (Benedict) for treatment, and their clinical records contained a description of bilateral nuclear cataract corresponding exactly with that of their References 1. Nettleship, E., and Ogilvie, F. M.: A Peculiar Form of Hereditary Congenital Cataract , Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom 26:191-207, 1906. 2. Doyne, R. W., cited by Nettleship and Ogilvie.1 3. Nettleship, E.: Lamellar Cataract, "Coppock" or Discoid Cataract, and Retinitis Pigmentosa, Affecting Different Members of the Same Pedigree , Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom 28:226-247, 1908 4. On Some Hereditary Diseases of the Eye , Nettleship Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom 29:lvii-cxcvii, 1909. 5. Chance, B.: An Unusual Form of Hereditary Congenital Cataract Occurring in Several Members of a Family , Arch. Ophth. 36:505-508, 1907. 6. Harman, N. B.: Congenital Cataract: A Pedigree of 5 Generations , Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom 29:101-108, 1909 7. Familial Discoid or "Coppock" Cataract , Harman Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom 30:29-30, 1910. 8. Smith, P.: A Pedigree of Doyne's Discoid Cataract , Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom 30:37-42, 1910. 9. Rados, A.: Central Pulverulent (Discoid) Cataract and Its Hereditary Transmission , Arch. Ophth. 38:57-77 ( (July) ) 1947, p. 62.Crossref 10. Gifford, S. R.: Congenital Anomalies of the Lens as Seen with the Slit Lamp , Am. J. Ophth. 7:678-685 ( (Sept.) ) 1924. 11. Adams, P. H.: Doyne's Discoid Cataract (Coppock) , Brit. J. Ophth 26:152-153 ( (April) ) 1942.Crossref 12. Rosen, E.: Coppock Cataract and Cataracta Pulverulenta Centralis , Brit J. Ophth. 29:641-644 ( (Dec.) ) 1945.Crossref 13. Duke-Elder, W. S.: Text-Book of Ophthalmology: Volume 1: The Development, Form and Function of the Visual Apparatus , St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Company, 1933. 14. Mann, I.: Developmental Abnormalities of the Eye , London, Cambridge University Press, 1937. 15. Bellows, J. G.: Cataract and Anomalies of the Lens: Growth, Structure, Composition, Metabolism, Disorders and Treatment of the Crystalline Lens , St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Company, 1944. 16. Rados, A.: Central Pulverulent (Discoid) Cataract and Its Hereditary Transmission , Arch. Ophth. 38:57-77 ( (July) ) 1947.Crossref

MERRIAM, FREDERIC C.;KINSEY, V. EVERETT

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020663003

Abstract PREVIOUS experiments1 with lenses cultured in vitro with labeled glycine have shown that the tripeptide glutathione turns over continuously, being degraded into its component amino acids and resynthesized at similar rates. A significant amount of labeled glycine in these experiments was also found in the lens proteins. The present study is concerned with whether the lens proteins are similarly in a state of flux and whether interconversions of amino acids occur in the lens. No previous studies of the interconversions of amino acids and the turnover of lens proteins have been made, nor had a detailed analysis of the amino acid composition of lens proteins been reported at the time these studies were performed.2 There has been a recent investigation, however, on the oxidative metabolism of amino acids. De Vincentiis and Auricchio3 demonstrated the ability of the lens to oxidize several amino acids to keto acids, which, References 1. (a) Merriam, F. C., and Kinsey, V. E.: Studies on the Crystalline Lens: I. Technic for in Vitro Culture of Crystalline Lenses and Obesrvations on Metabolism of the Lens , Arch. Ophth. 43:979 ( (June) ) 1950.Crossref 2. (b) Kinsey, V. E., and Merriam, F. C.: Studies on the Crystalline Lens: II. Synthesis of Glutathione in the Normal and Cataractous Rabbit Lens , Arch. Ophth. 44:370 ( (Sept.) ) 1950.Crossref 3. A. J. Schaeffer and J. D. Murray ( Amino Acid Composition of the Lens Proteins of the Bovine Eye , Arch. Ophth. 43:1056 [ (June) ] 1950).Crossref 4. de Vincentiis, M., and Auricchio, G.: Sur le metabolisme des acides aminés dans les tissus oculaires , Acta ophth. 28:7, 1950.Crossref 5. Borsook, H.; Deasy, C. L.; Haagen-Smit, A. J.; Keighley, G., and Lowy, P. H.: Uptake of Labeled Amino Acids by Tissue Proteins in Vitro , Federation Proc. 8:589, 1949. 6. Moore, S., and Stein, W. H.: Chromatography of Amino Acids on Starch Columns: Solvent Mixtures for the Fractionation of Protein Hydrolysates , J. Biol. Chem. 178:53, 1949. 7. Stein, W. H., and Moore, S.: Chromatography of Amino Acids on Starch Columns: Separation of Phenylalanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Tyrosine, and Valine , J. Biol. Chem. 176:337, 1948. 8. Moore, S., and Stein, W. H.: Photometric Ninhydrin Method for Use in the Chromatography of Amino Acids , J. Biol. Chem. 176:367, 1948. 9. Markham, R., and Smith, J. D.: A Source of Error in Amino Acid Analysis , Nature, London 164:1052, 1949.Crossref 10. Mandel, P.; Nordman, J., and Zimmer, J.: Acide nucléique du cristallin , Compt. rend. Acad. sc. 228:516, 1949. 11. von der Becke, C. H.: Perdidas de cisterina durante la hidrolisis acida de proteinas , Semana méd. 57:115, 1950. 12. Melchior, J. B., and Tarver, H.: Studies in Protein Synthesis in Vitro: I. On the Synthesis of Labeled Cystine (S35) and Its Attempted Use as a Tool in the Study of Protein Synthesis , Arch. Biochem. 12:301, 1947. 13. Peterson, E. A.; Greenberg, D. M., and Winnick, T.: Characteristics of the Amino Acid Incorporation System of Liver Homogenates , Federation Proc. 9: 214, 1950. 14. Goldsworthy, P. D.; Winnick, T., and Greenberg, D. M.: Distribution of C14 in Glycine and Serine of Liver Protein Following the Administration of Labeled Glycine , J. Biol. Chem. 180:341, 1949. 15. Ely, L. O.: Metabolism of the Crystalline Lens: II. Respiration of the Intact Lens and Its Separated Parts , Am. J. Ophth. 32:220, 1949.

deROETTH, ANDREW

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020671004

Abstract SINCE preservation of the donor material is one of the most important problems facing the ophthalmologist who is actively engaged in doing corneal transplantations, several investigators1 have studied the question from the clinical, histological and biochemical points of view. In a recent article, Duane2 demonstrated that the oxygen uptake of the cornea remains normal for about seven days when the eye is stored in a moist chamber in the refrigerator. Preliminary experiments3 conducted in this laboratory showed that when the enucleated eyeball is stored in a moist chamber in the refrigerator, the procedure employed by Duane,2 and also the method employed nowadays in most of the eye banks in this country, the cornea rapidly takes up water. Of course, the abnormal hydration will change the corneal architecture and will cause histological and biochemical changes. It is obvious that the excessive water which diffuses into the cornea References 1. Castroviejo, R.: Present Status of Keratoplasty , Arch. Ophth. 22:114 ( (July) ) 1939.Crossref 2. Thomas, J. W. T.: Experimental Transplantation of Cornea , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 51:88, 1931. 3. Katzin, H. M., and Kno, P. H.: Histologic Study of Experimental Corneal Transplantation , Am. J. Ophth. 31:171, 1948. 4. Leopold, I. H., and Adler, F. H.: Use of Frozen-Dried Cornea as Transplant Material , Arch. Ophth. 37:268 ( (March) ) 1947.Crossref 5. Scherschewskaya, O. J.: Keratoplastische Versuche mit Anwendung von Formolloppen , Ophthalmologica 99:4, 1940.Crossref 6. Shestericova, T., and Rosenfeld, E.: Respiration of the Cornea During Preservation , Ukrain. Biochem. J. 18:201, 1946. 7. Duane, T. D.: The Respiration of the Stored Cornea , Am. J. Ophth. 31: 1400, 1948. 8. At the nineteenth annual meeting of the Association for Research in Ophthalmology, held in San Francisco, June 24 and 25, 1950, before this investigation was completed, Buschke reported that the cornea stored in the conventional manner takes up water, whereas the excised cornea maintains its normal wet weight when stored in the refrigerator. The present investigation confirms Buschke's results. 9. deRoetth, A., Jr.: Respiration of the Cornea, Arch. Ophth., this issue, p. 666. Clycolytic Activity of the Cornea, to be published. 10. Dische, Z., and Popper, H.: Über eine neue kolorimetrische Mikrobestimmungsmethode der Kohlehydrate in Organen und Körpersaften , Biochem. Ztschr. 175:371, 1926. 11. Alexander, C., and Dische, Z.: Colorimetric Micromethod for the Determination of Sugars in Polysaccharides and Tissue Extracts, to be published. 12. Leinfelder, P. F.: Aerobic Glycolysis of Corneal Tissue , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 46:412, 1948.

deROETTH, ANDREW

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020678005

Abstract THE RESPIRATORY activity of isolated surviving tissues has been extensively investigated in the last 25 years. The respiration of the cornea has also been studied, but, as compared with what is known of other tissues, knowledge concerning its metabolic activities is somewhat sketchy and confusing. The present study was undertaken in an attempt to fill in some of the gaps remaining in the present concept of corneal respiration and to help in clarifying some of the contradictory reports that have appeared in the literature. I. RESPIRATION OF THE CORNEA IN AIR The first question to be studied was: Can the cornea utilize oxygen from the surrounding atmosphere? Because of its unique position in the body, i. e., its being remote from the blood stream and exposed to the air, this question has interested many investigators. More than 50 years ago, in 1899, long before the Barcroft-Warburg manometric technic for the References 1. Bullot, G., and Lor, L.: De l'influence exercée par l'épithélium de la cornée sur l'endothelium et le tissu cornéens de l'œil transplante , Bull. Acad. roy. de méd. de Belgique 13:421, 1899. 2. Gundersen, T.: Results of Autotransplantation of Cornea , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 36:207, 1938. 3. Fischer, F. P.: Ueber den Gasaustausch der Hornhaut mit der Luft , Arch. f. Augenh. 102:146, 1930. 4. Bakker, A.: Some Researches on the Respiration of the Cornea in Albino Rats , Brit. J. Ophth. 31:100, 1947.Crossref 5. Umbreit, W. W.; Burris, R. H., and Stauffer, J. F.: Manometric Techniques and Tissue Metabolism , Minneapolis, Burgess Publishing Company, 1949. 6. Leinfelder, P. J.: Aerobic Glycolysis of Corneal Tissue , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 46:412, 1948. 7. Herrmann, H.; Moses, S. G., and Friedenwald, J. S.: Influence of Pontocaine Hydrochloride and Chlorobutanol on Respiration and Glycolysis of Cornea , Arch. Ophth. 28:652 ( (Oct.) ) 1942.Crossref 8. Friedenwald, J. S.: Studies on the Physiology, Biochemistry, and Cytopathology of the Cornea in Relation to Injury by Mustard Gas and Allied Toxic Agents: XVII. Summary and Some Possible Interpretations , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 82:326, 1948. 9. Duane, T. D.: Metabolism of the Cornea , Arch. Ophth. 41:736 ( (June) ) 1949.Crossref 10. Herrmann, H., and Hickman, F. H.: Exploratory Studies on Corneal Metabolism , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 82:225, 1948. 11. Dische, Z.: The Aerobic Glycolysis of Avian Red Blood Cells and Its Control by Intracellular Ions in Physiological Concentrations , J. Biol. Chem. 163:575, 1946. 12. Ashwell, G., and Dische, Z.: Inhibition of the Metabolism of Nucleated Red Cells by Intracellular Ions and Its Relation to Intracellular Structural Factors , Acta biochim. et biophys. 4:276, 1950.Crossref 13. Krebs, H. A.: Body Size and Tissue Respiration , Acta biochim. et biophys. 4:249, 1950.Crossref 14. Cited by Duane. 15. Fuhrman, F. A., and Field, J.: Factors Determining the Metabolic Rate of Excised Liver Tissue , Arch. Biochem. 6:337, 1945. 16. Potter, V., and Elvehjem, C. A.: A Modified Method for the Study of Tissue Oxidations , J. Biol. Chem. 114:495, 1936.

SCHEPENS, C. L.;BAHN, G. C.

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020689006pmid: 14770670

Abstract IT HAS long been recognized that ophthalmoscopy of the extreme periphery of the fundus has great significance in evaluating detachments, but few accurate and complete funduscopic observations have been recorded. In the latter part of the nineteenth century, the anterior limits of the visible fundus were determined both in clinical and in laboratory studies. The conclusions, however, were somewhat contradictory. In 1948, further experiments were conducted along these lines at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, in Boston, using the direct and the indirect method of ophthalmoscopy and comparing the results. The ora serrata, which forms a transition zone between the pars optica and the pars ciliaris retinae, is located 7 to 8 mm. back of the limbus.1 The retina is firmly attached to the choroid in this region. The ora makes a well defined serrated line, composed of approximately 48 toothlike projections of retinal tissue, directed anteriorly. These References 1. Salzmann, M.: The Anatomy and Histology of the Human Eyeball in the Normal State: Its Development and Senescence , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1912, p. 84-85. 2. Redslob, E.: Anatomie du globe oculaire , in Bailliart, P.; Coutela, C.; Omfray, R.; Redslob, E., and Velter, E.: Traité d'ophtalmologie , Paris, Masson & Cie, 1939, vol. 1, p. 369-594. 3. Donders, F. C.: Die Grenzen des Gesichtsfeldes in Beziehung zu denen der Netzhaut , Arch. f. Ophth. 23 ( (pt. 2) ):255-280, 1877. 4. Groenouw, A.: Wo liegt die vordere Grenze des ophthalmoskopischsichtbaren Augenhintergrundes? Arch. f. Ophth. 35 ( (pt. 3) ):29-56, 1889. 5. Schoen, W.: Die Funktionskrankheiten der Ora serrata und des Ciliartheiles der Netzhaut , Arch. f. Augenh. 30:128-178, 1895. 6. Magnus, H.: Über ophthalmoskopische Erscheinungen in der Peripherie des Augengrundes , Arch. f. Ophth. 35 ( (pt. 3) ):1-28, 1889. 7. Druault, A.: Note sur la situation des images rétiniennes formées par les rayons très obliques sur l'axe optique , Arch. d'opht. 18:685-692, 1898. 8. Reimar, M.: Über die ophthalmoskopische Sichtbarkeit der Ora serrata und der Processus ciliares , Arch. f. Augenh. 41:102-108, 1900. 9. Schepens, C. L.: A New Ophthalmoscope Demonstration , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 51:298-301, 1947. 10. Dufour, M., and Gonin, J.: Décollement rétinien , Encycl. franç. d'opht. 6:975-1025, 1906. 11. Gonin, J.: Pathogénie et anatomie pathologique des décollements rétiniens , Bull. et mém. Soc. franç. d'opht. 33:1-104, 1920. 12. Leber, T.: Über die Entstehung der Netzhautablösung , Ber. ü. d. Versamml. d. ophth. Gesellsch. Heidelberg 35:120-134. 1908.

SCHEIE, HAROLD G.;FRAYER, WILLIAM

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020703007pmid: 14770671

Abstract THE PURPOSE of this paper is to report observations showing that air injected under normal pressure into the anterior chamber of man and certain experimental animals can induce rapid increases in ocular tension, which may reach very high levels. This action indicates that the injection of air into the anterior chamber is not an innocuous procedure which can be carried out indiscriminately. In certain situations its use is probably contraindicated, the injection of saline solution being preferable. The elevation in tension is caused by obstruction to the flow of aqueous from the posterior to the anterior chamber as a result of a valvelike action between the posterior surface of the air bubble and the anterior surface of the iris. Aqueous therefore is retained behind the iris and, being unable to escape from the eye, causes an increase in ocular tension. As aqueous accumulates in the posterior chamber, the root of References 1. Rohmer: Effets des injections d'air stérilizé dans le vitré contre le décollement de la rétine , Arch. d'opht. 32:257-274, 1912. 2. Jeandelize, P., and Baudot, R.: À propos du traitement chirurgical du décollement spontané de la rétine , Arch. d'opht. 43:413-414 ( (July) ) 1926. 3. Koster, W. O.: Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 40:340, 1902. 4. Selinger, E.: Injection of Air into the Anterior Chamber After Cataract Extraction , Am. J. Ophth. 20:827-828 ( (Aug.) ) 1937. 5. MacMillan, J.: Injection of Air as Factor in Maintaining Filtration After Corneoscleral Trephining in Glaucoma , Arch. Ophth. 22:968-973 ( (Dec.) ) 1939.Crossref 6. Barkan, O.: Cyclodialysis, Multiple or Single, with Air Injection: An Operative Technique for Chronic Glaucoma , Am. J. Ophth. 30:1063-1073 ( (Sept.) ) 1947. 7. Barkan, O.: Goniotomy: Preliminary Deepening of the Anterior Chamber with Air or Saline Solution , Am. J. Ophth. 28:1133-1134 ( (Oct.) ) 1945. 8. Maumenee, A. E.: Personal communication to the authors. 9. Scheie, H. G.: Goniotomy in the Treatment of Congenital Glaucoma , Arch. Ophth. 42:266-282 ( (Sept.) ) 1949.Crossref 10. Hughes, W. L., and Cole, J. G.: Technical Uses of Air in Ophthalmology , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 43:115-135, 1945 11. Arch. Ophth. 35:525-540 ( (May) ) 1946.Crossref 12. von Sallmann, L.: Air Insufflation into the Anterior Chamber , Nat. M. J. China 17:6-17 ( (Feb.) ) 1931. 13. O'Brien, C. S., in discussion on Hughes and Cole.10 14. Friedenwald, J. S., and Pierce. H. F.: The Circulation of the Aqueous Rate of Flow , Arch. Ophth. 7:538-557 ( (April) ) 1932.Crossref

SEZER, NECDET

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020715008pmid: 14770672

Abstract THE CULTIVATION of the viruses of inclusion conjunctivitis and trachoma in tissue culture, even of susceptible human conjunctival epithelium, has failed up to the present time. Unlike most other viruses, neither the virus of trachoma nor that of inclusion conjunctivitis has been cultivated with certainty on the developing chick embryo. The present study was undertaken in an attempt to transplant conjunctival and corneal tissue of the rabbit to the chorioallantoic membrane of the developing chick embryo and to determine whether or not the transplanted conjunctiva and cornea would support the growth of various viruses. It was hoped that the results might provide a key to the successful cultivation of the viruses of trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis. In 1912 Murphy1 demonstrated the possibility of grafting malignant tumors on the chorioallantois of the chick embryo. The grafts grew until the eighteenth or nineteenth day of incubation. In 1938 Goodpasture and co-workers References 1. Murphy, J. B.: Transplantability of Tissues to the Embryo of Foreign Species: Its Bearing on Questions of Tissue Specificity and Tumor Immunity , J. Exper. Med. 17:482-493, 1913.Crossref 2. Goodpasture, E. W.; Douglas, B., and Anderson, K.: A Study of Human Skin Grafted upon the Chorio-Allantois of Chick Embryos , J. Exper. Med. 68:891-904, 1938.Crossref 3. Goodpasture, E. W., and Anderson, K.: Virus Infection of Human Fetal Membranes Grafted on the Chorio-Allantois of Chick Embryos , Am. J. Path. 18:563-575, 1942. 4. Goodpasture, E. W., and Anderson, K.: Infection of Human Skin Grafted on the Chorio-Allantois of Chick Embryos, with the Virus of Herpes Zoster , Am. J. Path. 20:447-455, 1944. 5. Blank, H.; Coriell, L. L., and Scott, M.: Human Skin Grafted upon the Chorio-Allantois of the Chick Embryo for Virus Cultivation , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 69:341-345, 1948.

JAFFE, NORMAN S.

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020722009pmid: 14770673

Abstract THE LESIONS which can cause the Horner syndrome are so numerous and widespread that they are important in every medical and surgical specialty. In many instances the signs and symptoms associated with the Horner syndrome give the physician and surgeon an exact insight into the nature and localization of the disease process. However, in far too many instances the etiologic process remains obscure because of a paucity of other helpful symptoms. An attempt is made in this paper to provide a system for localization of lesions causing the Horner syndrome. In addition, the numerous lesions responsible will be outlined. Considering the anatomic relations of the sympathetic chain involved, it is no wonder that so many systems may be implicated in association with interruption of the chain. There is increasing evidence that there exist autonomic centers in the cortex. Barris1 demonstrated constriction of the pupil on stimulation of the peristriate References 1. Barris, R. W.: Pupillo-Constrictor Area in the Cerebral Cortex of the Cat and Its Relationship to the Pretectal Area , J. Comp. Neurol. 63:353-368, 1936.Crossref 2. Parsons, J. H.: On Dilatation of the Pupil from Stimulation of the Cortex Cerebri , J. Physiol. 26:366-379, 1900-1901. 3. Cogan, D. G.: Accommodation and the Autonomic Nervous System , Arch. Ophth. 18:739-766 ( (Nov.) ) 1937.Crossref 4. Horner, F.: Über eine Form von Ptosis , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 7:193-198, 1869. 5. Bernard, C.: Recherches expérimentales sur le grand sympathique et specialment sur l'influence que le section de ce nerf exerce sur la chaleur animal , Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 5:277, 1853. 6. Walsh, F. B.: Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1946, p. 188. 7. Jaffe, N. S.: Practical Application of the Denervated Iris , Arch. Ophth. 40:317-325 ( (Sept.) ) 1948.Crossref 8. Cannon, W. B.: Law of Denervation, Hughlings Jackson Memorial Lecture , Am. J. M. Sc. 198:737-750, 1939.Crossref 9. Hampel, C. W.: Effect of Denervation on Sensitivity to Adenine of Smooth Muscle in the Nictitating Membrane of the Cat , Am. J. Physiol. 111:611-621, 1935. 10. Walsh, F. B., and Sloan, L. L.: Results of Cervical Sympathectomy in Pigmentary Degeneration of the Retina , Arch. Ophth. 14:699-714 ( (Nov.) ) 1935.Crossref 11. Whitnall, S. E.: Anatomy of the Human Orbit and Accessory Organs of Vision , ed. 2, London, Oxford University Press, 1932. 12. Jaffe, N. S.: Sympathetic Nervous System and Intraocular Pressure , Am. J. Ophth. 31:1597-1603, 1948. 13. Schiff, A.: Über zwei Fälle von intramedullären Rückenmarkstumoren , Arb. a. d. Neurol. Inst. a. d. Wien. Univ. 2:137-157, 1894. 14. Schirmer, O.: Über den Einfluss des Sympathicus auf die Funktion der Tränendrüse , Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol. 126:351-370, 1909.Crossref 15. Wilbrand, H., and Saenger, A.: Die Neurologie des Auges: Ein Handbuch für Nerven- und Augenärzte , Wiesbaden, J. F. Bergmann, 1901, vol. 2. 16. Duke-Elder, W. S.: Text-Book of Ophthalmology , London, Henry Kimpton, 1949, vol. 4. 17. Foerster, O.; Gagel, O., and Mahoney, W.: Über die Anatomie, Physiologie und Pathologie der Pupillarinnervation , Verhandl. d. deutsch. Gesellsch. f. inn. Med. 48:386-398, 1936. 18. Ury, B., and Gellhorn, E.: Role of Sympathetic System in Reflex Dilatation of Pupil , J. Neurophysiol. 2:268-275, 1939. 19. Jaffe, N. S.: True Psychosensory Dilatation and Delayed Psychosensory Dilatation of the Pupil , Am. J. Ophth. 32:1681-1687. 1949. 20. Richter, C. P., and Woodruff, B. G.: Changes Produced by Sympathectomy in the Electrical Resistance of the Skin , Surgery 10:957-970, 1941. 21. Penfield, W.: Diencephalic Autonomic Epilepsy , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 22:358-374 ( (Aug.) ) 1929. 22. Lutz, A.: Light Pupillary Reflex: Its Path and Abolition , Arch. Ophth. 47:266 ( (May) ) 1918. 23. Hammer, C.: Einseitiger Hornerscher Symptomenkomplex nach beiderseitiger Gaumenmandelausschälung , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 90:79-80, 1933. 24. Metzner, R., and Wölfflin, E.: Klinische und experimentelle Untersuchungen über Halssympathicuslähmung , Arch. f. Ophth. 89:308-322, 1915. 25. Passow, A.: Hornersyndrom, Heterochromie und Status dysraphicus, ein Symptomenkomplex , Arch. f. Augenh. 107:1-51, 1933. 26. Bing, R.: Gehirn und Auge , ed. 2, Munich, J. F. Bergmann, 1923. 27. Raeder, J. G.: "Paratrigeminal" Paralysis of Oculo-Pupillary Sympathetic , Brain 47:149-158, 1924.Crossref

LANDEGGER, GEORGE P.

1950 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020741010pmid: 14770674

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract A new covered implant which has all six extrinsic muscles attached to it is herewith presented. It is a modification of Dr. Orwyn Ellis' plastic implant, made of lucite.® It comes in two sizes, 18 by 18 and 16 by 16 mm., over-all dimensions. It weighs 2.94 Gm. There are two slots for the oblique muscles on the temporal side behind the equator of the implant. The slots run in a horizontal direction. In front of the equator there is a ring. Beneath are openings for the rectus muscles. All the ocular muscles are preserved during the enucleation procedure, and 0000 chromic surgical sutures U. S. P. are passed through their insertions. The oblique muscles are passed through their respective slots first and tied onto each other behind the equator. The superior and inferior rectus muscles are passed through their respective openings beneath the ring in front and are tied