Archives of Ophthalmology

RADOS, ANDREW

1946 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1946.00890200005001pmid: 21014031

Abstract Heredity depends on the intrinsic factors, the genes, and on extrachromosomal influences. Mendelian inheritance is through the chromosomes, and the various traits are carried by the hypothetic biochemical units called genes. The factor of heredity in malignant tumors is of minor importance, with the exception of glioma and neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease), in which the hereditary influence is generally recognized and accepted. In addition to these two types of tumors, Lehmann1 stated that polyposis of the rectum is irregularly dominant, a precancerous condition, with a possibility of development into cancer in 75 per cent of cases, and that xeroderma pigmentosum has a recessive inheritance, with consanguinity in 25 per cent of cases. Xeroderma pigmentosum, with an inborn excess of porphyrins, like polyposis of the rectum, represents a precancerous state, a hereditary hypersensitiveness of the skin to sunlight, especially the ultraviolet rays, resulting in development of carcinoma of the skin, References 1. Lehmann, W.: Kritische Uebersicht : Krebs und Vererbung , Med. Klin. 38:567, 1942. 2. Wells, H. G.: Occurrence and Significance of Congenital Malignant Neoplasms , Arch. Path. 30:535 ( (Aug.) ) 1940. 3. Weller, C. V.: The Inheritance of Retinoblastoma and Its Relationship to Practical Eugenics , Cancer Research 1:517, 1941. 4. Leber, T.: Die Krankheiten der Netzhaut : Das Gliom , in Graefe, A., and Saemisch, T.: Handbuch der gesamten Augenheilkunde , ed. 2, Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1916, vol. 7 A, p. 1723. 5. Benedict, W. L., and Parkhill, E. M.: Glioma of the Retina in Successive Generations , Am. J. Ophth. 26:511, 1943. 6. Reiser, K. A.: Bemerkungen zur Erblichkeitsfrage beim Glioma retinae , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 99:350, 1937. 7. Griffith, A. D., and Sorsby, A.: The Genetics of Retinoblastoma , Brit. J. Ophth. 28:279, 1944.Crossref 8. Bell, J.: The Treasury of Human Inheritance , London, Cambridge University Press, 1922, vol. 2, pt. 1. 9. Badtke, G.: Zur Erblichkeitsfrage beim Glioma retinae , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 105:451, 1940. 10. McFarland, J.: Problem of Cancer in Twins , Bull. Am. Soc. Control Cancer 25:40, 1943. 11. Silcock, A. A.: Hereditary Sarcoma of Eyeball in Three Generations , Brit. M. J. 1:1079, 1892. 12. Macklin, M. T.: Symposium of Gynecologic Cancer , West. J. Surg. 50:439, 1942 13. An Analysis of Tumors in Monozygous and Dizygous Twins , J. Hered. 31:277, 1940. 14. Charache, H.: Tumors in One of Homologous Twins; Hodgkin's Disease; Osteogenic Sarcoma , Am. J. Roentgenol. 46:69, 1941. 15. Benedict, W. L.: Retinoblastoma in Homologous Eyes of Identical Twins , Arch. Ophth. 2:545 ( (Nov.) ) 1929.Crossref 16. Duncan, W. J. L., and Maynard, R. B. M.: Bilateral Glioma in Twins , Tr. Ophth. Soc. Australia 1: 125, 1939. 17. Moore, E.: Clinical and Pathological Report of Bilateral Glioma Retinae , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 22: 951, 1929. 18. Joughin, J. L.: Coincident Tumor of the Brain in Twins , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 19:948 ( (May) ) 1928. 19. Leavitt, F. H.: Cerebellar Tumors Occurring in Identical Twins , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 19:617 ( (April) ) 1928. 20. Habs, H., and Dietel, H.: Zwillingsforschung bei Uterus-Carcinom , Klin. Wchnschr. 20:8, 1941. 21. Bittner, J. J.: Observations on Genetics of Susceptibility for Development of Mammary Cancer in Mice , Cancer Research 2:540, 1942 22. Possible Relationship of Estrogenic Hormones, Genetic Susceptibility and Milk Influence in Production of Mammary Cancer in Mice , Bittner Cancer Research 2:710, 1942. 23. Militzer, R. E.: Carcinoma of the Stomach in Identical Twins , Am. J. Cancer 25:544, 1940. 24. Ewing, J.: Heredity and Cancer , Bull. Am. Soc. Control Cancer 24:4, 1942. 25. Crabtree, J. A.: Observations on the Familial Incidence of Cancer , Am. J. Pub. Health 31:49, 1941. 26. Wood, D. A., and Darling, H. H.: Cancer Family Manifesting Multiple Occurrences of Bilateral Carcinoma of Breast , Cancer Research 3:509, 1943. 27. Bergen, J. A.; Mayo, C. W., and Giffin, L. A.: Familial Trends in Human Cancer , J. Hered. 31:511, 1940. 28. Hanhart, E.: Auffallend geringe Bedeutung der "Belastung mit Krebs" bewiesen durch das sehr häufige Freibleiben der Nachkommen aus 121 Ehen krebskranker Gatten im Kanton Glarus , Schweiz. med. Wchnschr. 73:446, 1943. 29. McCrea, W. B. E.: Glioma of the Retina: A Review of Twelve Cases , Brit. J. Ophth. 27:259, 1943.Crossref 30. Waardenburg, P. J.: Das menschliche Auge und seine Erbanlagen , Haag, M. Nijhoff, 1932. 31. Franceschetti, A.: Die Vererbung von Augenleiden , in Schieck, F., and Brückner, A.: Kurzes Handbuch der Ophthalmologie , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1930. vol. 1, p. 476. 32. Passow, A.: Hereditäre Augenerkrankungen, das Gliom der Netzhaut , in Bumke, O., and Foerster, O.: Handbuch der Neurologie , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1936, vol. 16, p. 934. 33. Lincoln Park.

SCHEIE, HAROLD G.;HODES, PHILIP J.

1946 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1946.00890200017002pmid: 21014032

Abstract injection of contrast mediums into Tenon's capsule, as described by Spackman,1 has proved invaluable in the localization of intraocular foreign bodies. This is especially true of the type of injury incurred in jungle warfare, in which hand grenades, booby traps and small antipersonnel mines are used extensively. These usually cause multiple, small, penetrating wounds, containing opaque foreign bodies of varying sizes, which roentgenographically look like "snow flurry" collections of opaque debris. When the region of the eye is involved, it is frequently impossible to distinguish intraocular foreign bodies from those outside the eyeball by any procedure except roentgenographic study with injection of a contrast medium into Tenon's capsule (fig. 1). This method is also of considerable assistance in the localization of foreign bodies lying near the limits of the globe and in diagnosing double perforations of the eyeball. Early in our experience injections of air References 1. Spackman, E. W.: X-Ray Diagnosis of Double Perforation of Eyeball After Injection of Air into Space of Tenon , Am. J. Ophth. 15:1007-1012 ( (Nov.) ) 1932. 2. Griffin, E. P.; Gianturco, C., and Goldberg, S.: A Stereoscopic Method for Localization of Intraorbital Foreign Bodies , Radiology 40:371-374 ( (April) ) 1943.Crossref

FINK, AUSTIN I.

1946 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1946.00890200019003pmid: 21014033

Abstract In 1926 the classic form of the angioscotoma was first described.1 This work has been a source of aid to clinicians investigating disease of the nasal accessory sinuses,2 forms of edema,3 glaucoma4 and menstrual disturbances.5 The research worker, too, has had recourse to angioscotometry in studying the effects of sulfanilamide,6 inhalation of oxygen,7 and amphetamine sulfate,8 and studies of the effects on the visual fields of high altitude9 have been a basis of investigations in World War II. No effort has been made, however, to determine the effect of smoking on the normal angioscotoma. Since tobacco smoking is so widespread, it was thought that knowledge of its effect might be of clinical and experimental value. It was therefore decided to study the effect on the central visual fields of smoking 1 cigaret with inhalation. METHODS AND MATERIAL Angioscotometry was the method References 1. Evans, J. N.: A Preliminary Report of the Retinal Vessel Scotoma , Am. J. Ophth. 9:118-119 ( (Feb.) ) 1926. 2. Evans, J. N.: Application of Angioscotometry to the Study of Nasal Accessory Sinus Disease , Ann. d'ocul. 169:717-730 ( (Sept.) ) 1932. 3. Evans, J. N.: The Scotometry of Retinal Edema , Am. J. Ophth. 16:417-424 ( (May) ) 1933. 4. Evans, J. N.: Transient Fluctuations in the Scotoma of Glaucoma , Am. J. Ophth. 18:333-347 ( (April) ) 1935. 5. Evans, J. N.: A Scotoma Associated with Menstruation , Am. J. Ophth. 24:507-519 ( (May) ) 1941. 6. Rosenthal, C. M.: Changes in Angioscotomas Associated with the Administration of Sulphanilamide , Arch. Ophth. 22:73-81 ( (July) ) 1939.Crossref 7. Rosenthal, C. M.: Changes in Angioscotomas Associated with the Inhalation of Oxygen , Arch. Ophth. 22:385-392 ( (Sept.) ) 1939.Crossref 8. Rosenthal, C. M., and Seitz, C. P.: Alterations in Angioscotomas Following the Oral Administration of Benzedrine Sulphate , Am. J. Ophth. 23:545-549 ( (May) ) 1940.Crossref 9. Evans, J. N., and McFarland, R. A.: Effects of Oxygen Deprivation on Visual Fields , Am. J. Ophth. 21:968-980 ( (Sept.) ) 1938. 10. Evans, J. N.: Angioscotometry , Am. J. Ophth. 9:489-506 ( (July) ) 1926 11. Evans, J. N.: Clinical Scotometry , New Haven, Conn., Yale University Press, 1937. 12. Goodman, L., and Gilman, A.: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1941, 13. Herrell, W. E., and Cusick, P. L.: Vascular and Retinal Abnormalities Following Inhalation of Tobacco Smoke , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 13:273 ( (May 4) ) 1938. 14. Evans, W. F., and Stewart, H. J.: The Effect of Smoking Cigarettes on the Peripheral Blood Flow , Am. Heart J. 26:78-91 ( (July) ) 1943.Crossref 15. Weatherby, J. H.: Skin Temperature Changes Caused by Smoking and Other Sympathomimetic Stimuli , Am. Heart J. 24:17-30 ( (July) ) 1942.Crossref 16. Main, R. J.: Acute Effects of Smoking on Respiration and Circulation , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 48:495-500 ( (Nov.) ) 1941. 17. Haag, H. B., and Larson, P. S.: Some Chemical and Pharmacological Observations on "Low Nicotine" Tobacco , Science 97:187-188 ( (Feb. 19) ) 1943. 18. Main.16 Weatherby.15 Haag and Larson.17

deROETTH, ANDREW

1946 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1946.00890200024004pmid: 21014034

Abstract Rubeosis iridis diabetica is one of the most disastrous ocular diseases, for it usually involves both eyes and, with rare exceptions, causes uncontrollable glaucoma. In none of the 32 cases of this disease found in the literature could miotics control the tension. Surgical procedures, such as iridectomy (Arruga1), iridencleisis (Kurz1), trephination (Motolese,1 Gallino,1 Kurz,1 Fehrmann,1 Sugar1), cyclodialysis (Salus1) and posterior sclerotomy (Fehrmann1), were useless, or even disastrous. The intolerable pain caused by glaucoma necessitated enucleation in several cases. Fralick,1 in his excellent and comprehensive paper on this subject, reported on the removal of 4 eyes in 3 cases of diabetic rubeosis iridis. Any attempt to save a fraction of the vision, or even the eyeball alone, is worth while in a case of this desperate condition. In the 2 cases reported here cyclodiathermy was performed with the latter purpose. REPORT References 1. Fralick, F. B.: Rubeosis Iridis Diabetica , Am. J. Ophth. 28:123, 1945. 2. Since this paper was written, a third case of the same condition has been observed in the blind right eye of M. M., a man aged 62, who had had diabetes for twenty years. Cyclodiathermy was performed on June 5, 1945 for pain and tension of 65 mm. with the same technic as that employed in case 1. On November 6 the tension was 42 mm., and the patient has been free from pain since the operation. 3. Vogt, A. : Cyclodiathermy Puncture in Cases of Glaucoma , Brit. J. Ophth. 24:288, 1940.Crossref 4. Albaugh, C. H., and Dunphy, E. B. : Cyclodiathermy , Arch. Ophth. 27:543 ( (March) ) 1942.Crossref 5. Meyer, S. J., and Sternberg, P.: Surgical Management of Glaucoma in Correlation with Gonioscopy and Biomicroscopy , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. (1944) 49: 147, 1945. 6. Scobee, R. G. : Rubeosis Iridis Diabetica , Texas State J. Med. 40:432, 1944. 7. Guerry, D., III : Angiodiathermy in Treatment of Glaucoma , Am. J. Ophth. 27:1376, 1944.

CHAMLIN, MAX

1946 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1946.00890200027005pmid: 21014035

Abstract Lesions of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves are always of interest to the neurologist and the ophthalmologist. Lesions of the third nerve, particularly, attract a great deal of attention because of the widespread distribution of this nerve. The present case is one of paralysis of the third nerve with internal and external ophthalmoplegia in which abnormal reactions to drugs were exhibited. The patient was observed over a long period, during which there was partial recovery with corresponding changes in the drug reactions and the appearance of the pseudo-Graefe phenomenon. A white woman aged 68 was first observed at the Montefiore Hospital in January 1944. The history of her symptoms dated back to May 1943, at which time she complained of the sudden onset of pain in the left side of the head followed by gradual closing of the left eye in the next six days. Soon after the References 1. Dandy, W. E.: Intracranial Arterial Aneurysms , Ithaca, N. Y., Comstock Publishing Co., Inc., 1944, p. 23. 2. Dandy,1 table B. 3. Gifford, S. R.: Ocular Therapeutics , ed. 3, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1942, pp. 50 and 55. 4. Lowenstein, O., and Givner, I.: Cyclic Oculomotor Paralysis , Arch. Ophth. 28:821 ( (Nov.) ) 1942.Crossref 5. Adler, F. H.: Clinical Physiology of the Eye , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1933, p. 375. 6. Smith, H. J.: Am. J. Ophth. 25:211 ( (Feb.) ) 1942. 7. Bielschowsky, A.: Lectures on Motor Anomalies , Hanover, N. H., Dartmouth College Publications, pp. 83 and 84. 8. Dandy,1 pp. 11 and 12.

ROSEN, EMANUEL

1946 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1946.00890200032006pmid: 21014036

Abstract Congenital retinal fold has been reported so infrequently and on such occasions has been explained so incompletely, with so much room for questioning, that any report of a case which might suggest one further point in its development would seem to be welcome. The cases reported of this condition are so few that the presentation of almost any new case should add some new feature, or at least lead to discussion or modification of the present concept of the anomaly. After a review of some of the cases in the literature a few variations seem to present themselves in the 2 cases reported here. Subsequent study might be directed particularly along such lines. Pathologic material was obtained in many of the early cases, since the eye was enucleated for supposed glioma and only on histologic study was the true nature of the "pseudoglioma" worked out. The name "congenital falciform ligament" References 1. Gartner, S.: Congenital Retinal Folds and Microcephaly , Arch. Ophth. 25:93 ( (Jan.) ) 1941.Crossref 2. Theodore, F. H., and Ziporkes, J.: Congenital Retinal Fold , Arch. Ophth. 23:1188 ( (June) ) 1940.Crossref 3. Mann, I.: (a) Congenital Retinal Fold , Brit. J. Ophth. 19:641 ( (Dec.) ) 1935Crossref 4. (b) Case of Congenital Abnormality of Retina , Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom 48:383, 1928. 5. Weve, H.: Ueber "Ablatio falciformis cong.," Arch. f. Augenh. 109:371, 1935 6. Ablatio Falciformis Congenita (Retinal Fold) , Brit. J. Ophth. 22:456 ( (Aug.) ) 1938.Crossref 7. Tillema, A.: Infantile and Congenital Retinal Fold , Brit. J. Ophth. 21:94 ( (Feb.) ) 1937.Crossref 8. Gregg, N. M.: Congenital Cataract Following German Measles in Mother , Tr. Ophth. Soc. Australia (1941) 3:35, 1942. 9. Swan, C., and others: Congenital Defects in Infants Following Infectious Diseases During Pregmancy , M. J. Australia 2:201 ( (Sept. 11) ) 1943. 10. Rados, A.: Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis and Virus Diseases of Eye , Arch. Ophth. 32:308 ( (Oct.) ) 1944.Crossref 11. Van Manen, J. G.: Congenital Anomaly of Fundus Oculi , Arch. Ophth. 26:1 ( (July) ) 1941.Crossref 12. Guerry, DuP., III: Congenital Retinal Folds: Report of Two Cases , Am. J. Ophth. 27:1132 (Oct., (pt. 1) ) 1944.

LEOPOLD, IRVING H.;NICHOLS, ANNE

1946 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1946.00890200037007pmid: 21014037

Abstract Waksman and his associates have isolated two apparently related substances, streptothricin1 and streptomycin,2 from the genus Streptomyces which are more bacteriostatic or bactericidal for gram-negative bacilli than is penicillin. Of the two, streptomycin has been shown to be less toxic and to possess greater action against certain gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in vivo3. Streptomycin has been demonstrated to be beneficial in treatment of experimental infections due to Proteus vulgaris4, Pasteurella tularenis,5 Mycobacterium tuberculosis6 and organisms of the Friedländer group7 in animals. Recently streptomycin was shown to have possible benefit in cases of typhoid infection in man.8 Zintel and his co-workers9 have shown that the concentration of streptomycin in the blood following a single intravenous injection is better maintained than that of penicillin. Detectable amounts were usually present six hours after intramuscular administration, as compared with two to three hours in the References 1. Waksman, S. A., and Woodruff, H. B.: Streptothricin—A New Selective Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Agent, Particularly Active Against Gram-Negative Bacteria , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 49:207-210, 1942. 2. Waksman, S. A.: Production and Activity of Streptomycin , J. Bact. 46:299-310, 1943. 3. Schatz, A.; Bugie, E., and Waksman, S. A. : Streptomycin: A Substance Exhibiting Antibiotic Activity Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 55:66-29, 1944. 4. Robinson, H. J.; Smith, D. H., and Graessle, O. E.: Chemotherapeutic Properties of Streptomycin , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 57:226-231, 1944. 5. Waksman, S. A.; Bugie, E., and Shatz, A.: Isolation of Antibiotic Substances from Soil Micro-Organisms, with Special Reference to Streptothricin and Streptomycin , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 19:537-548, 1944. 6. Heilman, F. R.: Streptomycin in the Treatment of Experimental Tularemia , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 19:553-559, 1944. 7. Feldman, W. H., and Hinshaw, H. C.: Effects of Streptomycin on Experimental Tuberculosis in Guinea Pigs , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 19:593-599, 1944. 8. Heilman, F. R.: Streptomycin in the Treatment of Experimental Infection with Micro-Organisms of the Friedländer Group (Klebsiella) , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 20:30-39, 1945. 9. Reimann, H. A.; Elias, W. F., and Price, A. H.: Streptomycin for Typhoid , J. A. M. A. 128:175-180 ( (May 19) ), 1945. 10. Zintel, H. A.; Flippin, H. F.; Nichols, A. C.; Wiley, M. N., and Rhoads, J. E.: Studies on Streptomycin in Man: Absorption, Distribution, Excretion, and Toxicity , Am. J. M. Sc. 210:421-430 ( (Oct.) ) 1945. 11. Leopold, I. H., and LaMotte, W. O., Jr.: Penetration of Penicillin in Rabbit Eyes with Normal, Inflamed and Abraded Corneas , Arch. Ophth. 33:43-46 ( (Jan.) ) 1945. 12. von Sallmann, L. : Personal communication to the authors. 13. Stebbins, R. B., and Robinson, H. J.: A Method for the Determination of Streptomycin in Body Fluids , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 59:255, 1945. 14. Ruehle, G. L. A., and Brewer, C. M.: United States Food and Drug Administration Methods of Testing Antiseptics and Disinfectants , Circular 198, United States Department of Agriculture, December, 1931.

PRENDERGAST, JOHN J.

1946 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1946.00890200043008pmid: 21014038

Abstract A new concept of certain congenital anomalies has developed in the past few years with the discovery of defects in babies born of mothers who had rubella during the first three months of pregnancy. It has been more than a year now since Reese1 reported 3 cases of congenital cataracts in infants born in the United States of mothers who had rubella in the first month of pregnancy. This report followed the initial ones of Gregg2 and of Swan and his co-workers,3 from Australia, who were the first to call attention to these startling conditions. Gradually cases are being recorded by other men throughout the United States, notably Erickson,4 of Pasadena, Calif., who reported 11 cases in October 1944, and Perera,5 of New York, who recently reported a case. Winter and Lucic6 found 9 cases in the pediatric service of a large naval hospital References 1. Reese, A. B.: Congenital Cataract and Other Anomalies Following German Measles in Mother , Am. J. Ophth. 27:483-487 ( (May) ) 1944. 2. Gregg, N. M.: Congenital Cataract Following German Measles in Mother , Tr. Ophth. Soc. Australia 3:35-46, 1942. 3. Swan, C.; Tostevin, A. L.; Moore, B.; Mayo, H., and Black, G. H. B.: Congenital Defects in Infants Following infectious Diseases During Pregnancy , M. J. Australia 2:201-220 ( (Sept. 11) ) 1943. 4. Erickson, C. A.: Rubella Early in Pregnancy Causing Congenital Malformations of Eyes and Heart , J Pediat. 25:281-283 ( (Oct.) ) 1944.Crossref 5. Perera, C. A.: Congenital Cataract Following Rubella in the Mother : Report of a Case , Am. J. Ophth. 28:186 ( (Feb.) ) 1945. 6. Winter, S. J., and Lucic, H.: Personal communication to the author. 7. Erickson, C. A. : Personal communication to the author. 8. Brennemann, J.: Practice of Pediatrics , Hagerstown, Md., W. F. Prior Company, Inc., 1944, vol. 2, chap. 3, p. 1. 9. Swan, C.: A Study of Three Infants Dying from Congenital Defects Following Maternal Rubella in the Early Stages of Pregnancy , J. Path. & Bact. 51:289-295 ( (July) ) 1944. 10. Terry, T. L.: Personal communication to the author. 11. Mann, I.: The Development of the Human Eye , London, Cambridge University Press, 1928. 12. Brennemann, J.: Practice of Pediatrics , Hagerstown, Md., W. F. Prior Company, Inc., 1944, vol. 3, chap. 13, p. 35.

COWAN, ALFRED

1946 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1946.00890200046009pmid: 21014039

Abstract In von Helmholtz's "Treatise on Physiological Optics,"1 Gullstrand, prefacing the description of his investigations of the actual imagery of the eye, made the following statement: . . . The theory of collinear imagery applied to objects of finite extent and stops with finite apertures, which is the basis of the expositions still to be found in modern text-books, constitutes . . . an essentially arbitrary extension of the region of validity of these laws, inasmuch as a system of fictions had to be introduced in place of the ideal undiscovered law. A misunderstanding of what Gullstrand meant seems to have caused considerable concern among some ophthalmologists. For instance, Lancaster,2 concerning Gullstrand's statement, said : . . . Then a prophet appeared and proclaimed the errors that permeated the current belief and practice. . . . I believe the time is ripe for teaching ophthalmologists the truth about the formation of images . . . the present methods of teaching that subject have been a References 1. von Helmholtz, H.: Treatise on Physiological Optics , translated and edited by J. P. C. Southall, Ithaca, N. Y., Optical Society of America, 1924, pt. 1, appendix, p. 262. 2. Lancaster, W. B.: The Story of Asthenopia , Arch. Ophth. 30:167 ( (Aug.) ) 1943.Crossref 3. Southall, J. P. C.: Mirrors, Prisms and Lenses , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1918, p. 535. 4. Jackson, E.: Skiascopy , Philadelphia, Edwards & Docker Co., 1895. 5. Gullstrand, in von Helmholtz,1 p. 462. 6. Tscherning, M.: Physiologic Optics , translated by C. Weiland, Philadelphia, Keystone Publishing Co., 1924, pp. 129-130. 7. Ames, A., and Proctor, C. A.: Aberrations of the Eye , Am. J. Physiol. Optics 4:3, 1923. 8. von Helmholz,1 p. 443. 9. Southall, J. P. C. : Introduction to Physiological Optics , London, Oxford University Press, 1937, p. 79.

Hoffman, Parker M.

1946 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1946.00890200049010pmid: 21014040

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Venous thrombosis of the retina is a condition rarely seen in young soldiers after vaccination. This case is the first to occur in my experience and presents interesting clinical features. The earliest examination of the fundi was made one week after onset of symptoms. REPORT OF A CASE A 21 year old white soldier was given subcutaneous injections of 1 cc. of typhus vaccine and 0.5 cc. of triple typhoid vaccine (stimulating doses) on March 3, 1945. Intradermal vaccination for smallpox was also done on the same date. One year previously he had received simultaneous inoculations for cholera and typhus and, later, simultaneous inoculations for yellow fever and typhoid, without systemic reactions. He had never before been given typhus and typhoid vaccines on the same day. He had received his last previous injection of a stimulating dose of cholera vaccine on Jan. 5, 1945. His first reaction to vaccine occurred