Archives of Ophthalmology

LINKSZ, ARTHUR

1942 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1942.00880120023001

Abstract The therapy of diseases of the skin is still considered an art by many, and it is certainly true that seldom in medicine must schematic therapeutic procedures be avoided and the patient's entire personality borne in mind as much as in the treatment of diseases of the skin. The eyelids are an especially delicate and sensitive region of the skin, the condition and reactivity of which must be well considered before measures are taken for the treatment of their diseases. The healthy skin is characterized by a certain turgescence, elasticity and color, all of which are subject to regular changes with age. The surface of the skin is protected and lubricated by a thin waterproof coating, the product of the sebaceous glands, the sebum. Under normal conditions the emulsion of moisture (sweat) and fat (sebum) on the surface of the skin is such as to maintain proper turgescence and greasiness, References 1. Csillag, J.: Neigung alternder Personen zur Bildung periorbitaler Komedonen , Dermat. Wchnschr. 88:609, 1929. 2. Gifford, S. R.: Meibomian Glands in Chronic Blepharo-Conjunctivitis , Am. J. Ophth. 4:489, 1921. 3. Cowper, H. W.: Meibomian Seborrhea , Am. J. Ophth. 5:25, 1922. 4. Krückmann, E.: Ueber die Seborrhöe und den Komedo der Meibomschen Drüsen , Arch. f. Augenh. 91:167, 1922. 5. The flower head of the so-called Hungarian or German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla Linné) is official in many European pharmacopeias, and chamomile tea is one of the oldest popular medicines in Europe. It is an excellent ingredient for the softening of water and does not seem to be so well known in this country as it deserves to be. It is not listed in the Pharmacopeia of the United States but is mentioned in the National Formulary (ed. 6, p. 257) under the name "matricaria." It can be heartily recommended. 6. Gifford, S. R. : Ocular Therapeutics , ed. 2, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1937, p. 154 7. Carter, R. C.: On the Local Application of Hot and Cold Compresses in Ophthalmic Diseases , Ophth. Rev. 2:126, 1866 8. Strebel, I.: Ueber allergiebedingte Lidödeme und ihre Ursachen , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 97:644, 1936. 9. Ereaux, L. P.: The Cosmetic Eye: A Periocular Dermatitis , Canad. M. A. J. 42:364, 1940. 10. Lipschütz, H.: Ueber die Bedeutung der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration im Bindehautsack , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 82:763, 1929. 11. Hosford, G. H., and Hicks, A. M.: Hydrogen Ion Concentration of Tears , Arch. Ophth. 13:14 ( (Jan.) ) 1935.Crossref 12. Duke-Elder, W. S.: Textbook of Ophthalmology , St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Company, 1938, vol. 2, p. 1523. 13. Feldman, J. B.: ph and Buffers in Relation to Ophthalmology , Arch. Ophth. 17:797 [ (May) ] 1937Crossref 14. Schade, H., and Marchionini, A.: Der Säuremantel der Haut , Klin. Wchnschr. 7:12, 1928.Crossref 15. Perutz, A.: Allgemeine Therapie der Hautkrankheiten , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1930, pp. 4 and 41. 16. Gifford, S. R.: Reaction of Buffer Solution and of Ophthalmic Drugs , Arch. Ophth. 13:78 ( (Jan.) ) 1935.Crossref 17. National Formulary, ed. 6, p. 52. 18. National Formulary,17 p. 64. 19. National Formulary,17 p. 250. 20. Lutz, W.: Die auf das Auge uebergreifende Hautkrankheiten , in Schieck, F., and Brückner, A. : Kurzes Handbuch der Ophthalmologie , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1932, vol. 7, p. 319. 21. It would more appropriately be called "cooling" or "refrigerating" cream. 22. Moncorps, C. : Untersuchungen über die Pharmakologie und Pharmakodynamik von Salben und salbeninkorporierten Medikamenten , Arch. f. exper. Path. u. Pharmakol. 141:25, 1919Crossref 23. Ziele, Wirkungsweisen und Leistungen dermatologischer Heilmethoden und Pharmaka , Jahresk. f. ärztl. Fortbild. (no. (8) ) 20:1, 1929. 24. Pharmacopeia of the United States of America , ed. 11, 1936, p. 417. 25. Siebert, C.: Grundsätze und Verfahren bei der Behandlung von Hautkrankheiten , in Arzt, L., and Zieler, K.: Die Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten , Berlin, Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1934, vol. 1. 26. Pharmacopeia,23 p. 36 27. The Pharmacopeia of the United States of America, eleventh revision, 1937, supp. 1, p. 89. 28. Atkinson, D. T.: External Diseases of the Eye , ed. 2, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1937, p. 86. 29. Atkinson,27 p. 89. 30. Pharmacopeia,23 p. 115 31. Stein, R. O. : Die durch kosmetische Hautaffektionen bedingten Entstellungen des Gesichtes und ihre Behandlung , in Pohl, L. : Chirurgische und konservative Kosmetik des Gesichtes , Berlin, Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1931, p. 61. 32. Light, S. E.: Palliative Treatment of Acute Undiagnosed Skin Diseases , Northwest Med. 40:92, 1941. 33. Pagenstecher, A.: The Yellow Amorphous Oxide of Mercury and Its Application in Conjunctivitis and Corneitis Phlyctenulosa , Ophth. Rev. 2:115, 1866 34. von Liebermann, L.: Ueber Augensalben , Med. Klin. 22:1216, 1926. 35. Unna, E., and Fey, W.: Resorbiert die Oberhaut Fettstoffe? Dermat. Wchnschr. 88:327, 1929. 36. The same effect can be achieved by the addition of an emulsifying agent, for example metacholesterol, to petrolatum, as is the case with vaselinum cholesterinatum of the newest Hungarian Pharmacopeia. Several ointment bases of this type are available in the United States. 37. Bernhardt, H., and Strauch, C. B.: Die Oel-Wasser- und die Wasser-Oel-Emulsionen in ihrer Beziehung zur Medizin , Ztschr. f. klin. Med. 104:723, 1926. 38. Strauch, C. B.: Ueber die Bedingungen der Aufnahme und Abgabe von Wasser oder Medikamenten durch Salbengrundlagen , Beitr. z. klin. Chir. 141:358, 1927. 39. Klein, M., and Scheffer, L.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen am Auge ueber die Resorption aus Salben , Arch. f. Ophth. 128:460, 1932. 40. In the papers by Unna and Fey,34 Bernhardt and Strauch,36 Moncorps22 and Klein and Scheffer,37 beautiful photomicrographs demonstrate this fact. 41. Moncorps,22 p. 38 42. Moncorps,22 p. 36-37 43. Deutsches Arzneibuch , ed. 6, 1936, p. 742 44. I am confident that an investigation of these problems conducted under the auspices of the manufacturers, on the one hand, and the competent ophthalmologic societies, on the other, by biochemists and ophthalmologists would be of great value. The study of a new type of ointment bases, called "wetting agents," should prove especially promising in this connection. 45. This is the reason why workmen in certain chemical industries have to rub their hands with petrolatum for protection before going to work. 46. Covering the lids with boric acid ointment after an intrabulbar operation converts the conjunctival sac into a wet chamber, which is considered beneficial. 47. Triebenstein, O.: Die Rosaceaerkrankungen des Auges , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 68:3, 1922. 48. von Liebermann, L.: Zur Therapie der Lidrandentzündungen , Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 38:512, 1912.Crossref 49. Noviform is not sufficiently well known in this country. I know of only one firm (Manhattan Eye Salve Co., Louisville, Ky.), which has a noviform ointment on its list. 50. McCool, J. L.: Diseases of the Eyelids , in Berens, C.: The Eye and Its Diseases , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1936, p. 348. 51. Hosford, G. N., and McKenney, J. P.: Ointment of Yellow Mercuric Oxide [Pagenstecher's Ointment] , J. A. M. A. 100:17 [ (Jan. 7) ] 1933Crossref 52. Linksz, A.: Dermatotherapie in der alltäglichen Praxis des Augenarztes , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 98:435, 1937 53. Treatment of Blepharitis and Seborrhea of the Lid , Therapia, Budapest, 1937, no. 8. 54. von Liebermann44 cautioned against the use of a sharp instrument for cleansing in the treatment of ulcerous blepharitis. Bleeding from the ulcers may prevent the applied ointment from sticking to the skin ; formation of a blood clot prevents it from penetrating into the skin and provides a welcome medium for the growth of bacteria. 55. Selz, E.: Beitrag zur Augenmassage , Ztschr. f. Augenh. 41:272, 1919. 56. Gifford.2 A photograph in this paper illustrates how the massage is done (p. 493). Similar photographs can be found in the two other papers mentioned. 57. Comberg, W.: Physikalische Therapie , in Schieck, F., and Brückner, A.: Kurzes Handbuch der Ophthalmologie , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1932, vol. 7, p. 680. 58. Pharmacopeia of the United States,26 1939, supp. 2, p. 110. 59. (a) Block, H. M.: Chemical Conjunctivitis Following Eyelash-Dyeing , Am. J. Ophth. 18:1052, 1935. 60. (b) Keschner, M., and Rosen, V. H.: Optic Neuritis Caused by a Coal Tar Hair Dye , Arch. Ophth. 25:1020 ( (June) ) 1941.Crossref 61. Lillie, W. I.: Cosmetics Detrimental to Vision , Sight-Saving Rev. 6:163, 1936. 62. Bab, W.: Schädigungen des Auges durch Schönheitspflege , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 80:665, 1928 63. Schädigung des Auges durch Wimpernfärbung , Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 59:1041, 1933Crossref 64. Allergische Augenerkrankungen nach Dauerfärbung der Wimpern , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 97:391, 1936. 65. Sgrosso, S.: Su alcune rare affezioni oculari da tintura per capelli , Arch. di ottal. 32:545, 1925. 66. Neuschüler, I.: Blepharo-conguinctiviti allergiche da cosmetico , Boll. d'ocul. 13:1098, 1934. 67. Mayer, R. L.: Pudern, Schminken, Haarfärben, und ihre gesundheitlichen Schädigungen , Med. Klin. 26:1619, 1930 68. Schrader : Gesundheitsschädigungen durch Haarfärbemethoden , Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 55:1267, 1929.Crossref 69. Berger, E.: Sehstörung in Folge der Anwendung eines anilinhaltigen Haarfärbemittels , Arch. f. Augenh. 50:299, 1904. 70. Moran, C. T.: Bilateral Necrosis of the Cornea Following the Use of a Hair Dye on the Eyebrows and Lashes , J. A. M. A. 102:286 ( (Jan. 27) ) 1934.Crossref 71. McCally, A. W.; Farmer, A. G., and Loomis, E. C.: Corneal Ulceration Following the Use of Lash-Lure , J. A. M. A. 101:1560 ( (Nov. 11) ) 1933.Crossref 72. Greenbaum, S. S.: Dermatoconjunctivitis Due to Lash-Lure, Eyelash and Eyebrow Dye , J. A. M. A. 101:363 ( (July 29) ) 1933.Crossref 73. Harner, C. E.: Dermato-Ophthalmitis Due to the Eyelash Dye Lash-Lure , J. A. M. A. 101:1558 ( (Nov. 11) ) 1933.Crossref 74. Bourbon, O. P.: Severe Eye Symptoms Due to Dyeing of the Eyelashes , J. A. M. A. 101: 1559 ( (Nov. 11) ) 1933.Crossref 75. Jamieson, R. C.: Eyelash Dye (Lash-Lure) Dermatitis with Conjunctivitis , J. A. M. A. 101:1560 ( (Nov. 11) ) 1933.Crossref 76. Report of the Bureau of Investigation of the American Medical Association ( J. A. M. A. 101:1016 [ (Sept. 23) ] 1933).Crossref 77. Forbes, S. B., and Blake, W. C.: Fatality Resulting from the Use of Lash-Lure on the Eyebrow and Eyelashes , J. A. M. A. 103:1441 ( (Nov. 10) ) 1934.Crossref 78. Mayer, R. L.: Ueber die Hautüberempfindlichkeit gegen Körper von Chinonstruktur , Klin. Wchnschr. 7:1958, 1928Crossref 79. Untersuchungen über die durch aromatische Amine bedingten gewerblichen Erkrankungen , Arch. f. Gewerbepath. u. Gewerbehyg. 1:436, 1930. 80. Goodman, H.: Eyelash Dye: Ill Effects and Some Problems Evoked by Them , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 32:258 ( (Aug.) ) 1932. 81. Cole, H. N.: Injuries from Hair Dyes, Furs, Cosmetics , J. A. M. A. 88: 397 ( (Feb. 5) ) 1927. 82. Semon, H. C.: Palpebritis from Eyelid "Shading," Lancet 2:1267, 1936. 83. Ingram, J. T.: Dye-Dermatitis of Eyelids , Lancet 2:1365, 1936. 84. Fox, E. C.: Dermatitis of the Eyelids Due to Rubber on an Eyelash Curler , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 28:222 ( (Aug.) ) 1933. 85. Lancet 2:1281, 1936 86. Clark, A. J. : Applied Pharmacology , ed. 7, Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1940.

LEINFELDER, P. J.;PAUL, W. D.

1942 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1942.00880120047002

Abstract The occurrence of a choked disk type of elevation of the nerve head in the course of a general disease has often led to difficulty and confusion in diagnosis. Examination of the fundus in these circumstances has led to the tentative diagnosis of brain tumor, but further investigation directed toward proving this has been in vain. However, since the spinal fluid pressure is often elevated, the neurologist or the neurosurgeon may be convinced that primary cerebral disease exists. The literature on the subject has been extensive, and the various opinions concerning the meaning of the elevation of the nerve head have been particularly well reviewed by Larson.1 Case reports include Cushing and Bordley's2 description of a case of nephritic neuroretinitis in which relief of the increased intracranial pressure by decompression resulted in improvement in the neuroretinitis. In 1924 Larson1 reported 11 cases in which nephritic retinitis was References 1. Larson, S. W.: Choked Disc in Nephritis , Acta ophth. 1:193, 1924.Crossref 2. Cushing, H., and Bordley, J.: Subtemporal Decompression in a Case of Chronic Nephritis with Uremia , Am. J. M. Sc. 136:484, 1908.Crossref 3. Fishberg, A. M., and Oppenheimer, B. S. : The Differentiation and Significance of Certain Ophthalmoscopic Pictures in Hypertensive Diseases , Arch. Int. Med. 46:901 ( (Dec.) ) 1930.Crossref 4. Koyanagi, Y.: Ueber die Entstehung der Stauungspapille bei Retinitis nephritica , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 95:182, 1935. 5. Watkins, C. H.; Wagener, H. P., and Brown, R. W.: Choked Discs in Types of Blood Dyscrasia , Am. J. Ophth. 24:1374, 1941.

BENEDICT, WILLIAM L.

1942 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1942.00880120052003

Abstract Among the various causes of retrobulbar neuritis, demyelinating diseases of the brain and visual pathways play a most significant role. Prominent in the group of diseases classified as "encephalomyelopathies" is multiple sclerosis, a disease of unknown causation. In contrast to other causes of retrobulbar neuritis, it is characterized by recurrent episodes of symptoms and by remarkable variation in the intensity of disturbance of function in relation to the rapidity of onset of symptoms and to the degree of recovery from a number of episodes. Between attacks, the symptoms of which may be constitutional or local, the patient may experience no general, local or permanent effects. In the great majority of cases, multiple sclerosis begins with comparatively mild symptoms, from which recovery usually is complete. Subsequent attacks may not occur for a number of years. Alpers1 stated : The history of vertiginous attacks over widely scattered periods with what appear to References 1. Alpers, B. J. : Vertigo: Its Neurological Features , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. 46:38-54 ( (Nov.-Dec.) ) 1941. 2. Benedict, W. L.: Retrobulbar Neuritis and Diseases of the Nasal Accessory Sinuses , Arch. Ophth. 9:893-906 ( (June) ) 1933.Crossref 3. Sugar, S.: Papillitis and Papilledema in Multiple Sclerosis , Am. J. Ophth. 22:135-139 ( (Feb.) ) 1939. 4. Brown, M. R., and Putnam, T. J.: Remissions in Multiple Sclerosis , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 41:913-920 ( (May) ) 1939. 5. Sachs, B., and Friedman, E.: General Symptomatology of Multiple Sclerosis , A. Research Nerv. & Ment. Dis., Proc. (1921) 2:49-67, 1922. 6. Verhoeff, F. H.: Discussion , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 39:259-260, 1941. 7. von Hoesslin, R., cited by Putnam, T. J.: The Criteria of Effective Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis , J. A. M. A. 112:2488-2491 ( (June 17) ) 1939.

VERHOEFF, F. H.

1942 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1942.00880120064004

Abstract Previously I have described three tests1 for binocular stereopsis, each of which utilizes one or more new principles. These tests are essentially, only qualitative, although the kinetic test, the most useful of the three, does permit acuity to be estimated with considerable accuracy. About five years ago I devised a test based on an entirely different principle, that of presenting misleading monocular criteria so as to make binocular parallax the only correct evidence of relative depth and to cause perception of false depth when this correct evidence was not perceived. So far as I am aware this principle had never before been purposely employed. During the past year I have made the test accurately quantitative. One of its important advantages is that it reduces to a negligible factor the possibility of correct guessing. The test is simple and is made without the use of a stereoscope, amblyoscope or, in References 1. Verhoeff, F. H.: (a) A Simple Test for Stereoscopic Vision , Ophth. Rec. 12:205, 1903 2. (b) An Improved and a New Test for Stereoscopic Vision , Am. J. Ophth. 16:589, 1933 3. (c) A Kinetic Test for Stereoscopic Vision , Arch. Ophth. 15:833 ( (May) ) 1936.Crossref 4. Frosted transparent nitrate cellulose, obtainable from Landers Brothers Co., Boston. 5. The use of a pseudoscope would make these precautions unnecessary but would introduce serious disadvantages. 6. Verhoeff, F. H.: Anomalous Projection and Other Visual Phenomena Associated with Strabismus , Arch. Ophth. 19:663 ( (May) ) 1938.Crossref 7. Verhoeff, F. H.: A New Theory of Binocular Vision , Arch. Ophth. 13: 151 ( (Feb.) ) 1935.Crossref 8. Armstrong, H. G.: Principles and Practice of Aviation Medicine , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1939, p. 77. 9. Howard, H. J.: A Test for the Judgment of Distance , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 17:195, 1919. 10. I have constructed such an apparatus for the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary.

McBAIN, EARLE H.

1942 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1942.00880120084005

Abstract The study of hereditary corneal degenerations has received considerable clarification by the work of Bücklers.1 Since 1890, when Groenouw2 reported the first case, a great many types of familial corneal dystrophy have been described which have differed somewhat in the size, shape and position of the opacities. Most ophthalmologists have agreed with Fleischer3 that all the conditions described were simply morphologic variations of a single disease. However, in 1938 Bücklers published the results of the detailed investigation of several families including 129 patients in whom these diseases were found, and it is now generally accepted that there are actually three distinct types of hereditary corneal dystrophy, which remain essentially unaltered during their transmission from generation to generation. It is true that the corneas of certain patients may sometimes resemble those found in patients of a different group, and it is this fact which has caused so much References 1. Bücklers, M.: Die erblichen Hornhautdystrophien , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. ( (supp. 3) ) 101:1, 1938. 2. Groenouw, A.: Knötchenförmige Hornhauttrübungen (Noduli corneae) , Arch. f. Augenh. 21:281, 1890. 3. Fleischer, B.: Ueber familiäre Hornhautentartung , Arch. f. Augenh. 53: 263, 1905. 4. Judd, J. H.: Nodular Degeneration of the Cornea , Am. J. Ophth. 16:310, 1933. 5. Shapira, T. M.: Lattice Type of Corneal Dystrophy , Arch. Ophth. 14:387 ( (Sept.) ) 1935.Crossref 6. Maury, F. H.: Pathology of Lattice and Nodular Dystrophy , Am. J. Ophth. 19:866, 1936. 7. Mailing, H.: A Family with Groenouw's Keratitis , Acta ophth. 18:58, 1940.Crossref 8. Cavka, V.: Beitrag zur familiären Hornhautdegeneration , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 106:348, 1941. 9. Bücklers, M.: Die drei Formen der familiären Hornhautentartung und ihre Vererbung , Ber. ü. d. Versamml. d. deutsch. ophth. Gesellsch. 51:73, 1936 10. abstracted, Arch. Ophth. 18:331 ( (Sept.) ) 1937. 11. Duke-Elder, S.: Text-Book of Ophthalmology , St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Company, 1937, vol. 2. 12. Bürki, E.: Ueber fleckige Hornhautdystrophie , Ophthalmologica 98:311, 1939.Crossref 13. Adamantiadis, B., and Djacos, C.: Sur une famille atteinte de dystrophie granuleuse de la cornée , Ophthalmologica 100:33, 1940.Crossref 14. Lloyd, R.: A Family with Lattice Dystrophy of the Cornea , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 37:120, 1939. 15. Von der Heydt, R. : Corneal Dystrophies: Types , Am. J. Ophth. 20:738, 1937. 16. Schnyder, W. F. : Scheibenförmige Kristalleinlagerungen in der Hornhautmitte als Erbleiden , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 103:494, 1939. 17. Reichling, W.: Ueber eine noch nicht beschriebene degenerative Hornhautveränderung , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 105:324, 1940. 18. Pillat, A.: Zur Frage der familiären Hornhautentartung über eine eigenartige tiefe schollige und periphere gitterförmige familiäre Hornhautdystrophie , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 104:571, 1940. 19. Meesmann, A., and Wilke, F.: Klinische und anatomische Untersuchungen über eine bisher unbekannte dominant vererbte Epitheldystrophie der Hornhaut , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 103:361, 1939.

BROWN, E. V. L.;IRONS, ERNEST E.;ROSENTHAL, S. R.

1942 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1942.00880120092006

Abstract There is experimental evidence to show that the uveal tract can be sensitized by intraocular injection of protein, so that on later parenteral injection of the same kind of protein a reaction is set up, with redness and exudate in the previously treated eye. In certain cases of recurrent iritis, in which there is no other demonstrable locus of infection, the administration of tuberculin in appropriate doses gives rise to a local (skin), general and focal (eye) reaction. It has been assumed that the uveal tract is sensitized to products of the tubercle bacillus, so that it reacts to relatively small amounts of these products when they are formed and liberated within the body or are introduced into it artificially. If in some way the sensitiveness of the body, including the tissues of the uveal tract, could be reduced, it might be possible to lower the threshold of explosion, so References 1. Rosenthal, S. R.: Proc. Federation Am. Soc. Exper. Biol. 1:182, 1942.

REZENDE, CYRO;de MOURA CAMPOS, F. A.

1942 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1942.00880120102007

Abstract Galactose cataract in rats was first reported by Mitchell1 and confirmed by Yudkin and Arnold2 and Day.3 The problem was studied from several points of view by Mitchell and Cook.4 They recorded that galactose cataract develops most easily in young rats. The susceptibility of different strains was analyzed. The sugar content of the blood and of the urine, the influence of protein factors in the diet, changes in other factors and the stages in development and regression of the cataract were problems particularly considered. According to Mitchell and Cook a low protein ration shortened the time of development of the opacity in the lens. On the other hand, a high protein ration tended to retard this pathologic change. Bellows5 pointed out the inhibitory effect of 0.3 per cent cystine added to a low protein diet containing 35 per cent of galactose. Only slight protection of References 1. Mitchell, H. S.: Cataract in Rats Fed on Galactose , J. Nutrition (supp.) 9:14, 1935 2. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 32:971, 1935. 3. Yudkin, A. M., and Arnold, C. H.: Cataract Formation in Rats Fed on a Diet Containing Galactose , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 32:836, 1935 4. Cataracts Produced in Albino Rats on a Ration Containing a High Proportion of Lactose or Galactose , Arch. Ophth. 14:960 ( (Dec.) ) 1935. 5. Day, P. L.: Blood Sugar in Rats Rendered Cataractous by Dietary Procedures , J. Nutrition 12:395, 1936. 6. Mitchell, H. S., and Cook, G. M.: Galactose Cataract in Rats , Arch. Ophth. 19:22 ( (Jan.) ) 1938. 7. Bellows, J. G.: Biochemistry of the Lens : IX. Influence of Vitamin C and Sulfhydrils on the Production of Galactose Cataract , Arch. Ophth. 16:762 ( (Nov.) ) 1936. 8. Mitchell, H. S.; Cook, G. M., and Henderson, M. D.: Anti-Cataractogenic Action of Certain Nitrogenous Factors , Arch. Ophth. 24:990 ( (Nov.) ) 1940. 9. Henderson, M. D., and Mitchell, H. S.: The Effect of Dry Heat upon the Anticataractogenic Quality of Certain Proteins , J. Nutrition 21:115, 1941. 10. de Moura Campos, F. A., and Cavalcanti, T. A. de A. : Considerações sobre o valor `nutritivo da proteina de ervilha: Papel do figado na formação de depositos de proteina , Hospital, Rio de Janeiro 13:247, 1938. 11. de Moura Campos, F. A.: L'immagazzinamento di proteine da parte del fegato , Arch. di sc. biol. 24:500, 1938.

LOWENSTEIN, OTTO;FRIEDMAN, E. D.

1942 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1942.00880120106008

Abstract In 1932 Adie1 described a syndrome consisting of tonicity of the pupils and absence of tendon reflexes. This syndrome manifests itself in several clinical forms, which are referred to as complete and incomplete. The complete form is characterized by the presence of the tonic convergence reaction in a pupil apparently inactive to light and by absence or diminution of one or more of the tendon reflexes of the lower limbs. The incomplete forms exhibit (1) the tonic pupil alone, (2) atypical phases of the tonic pupil alone, (3) atypical phases of the tonic pupil with absence of tendon reflexes and (4) absence of tendon reflexes alone. No hereditary or acquired morbid factor is known to play any part in production of the syndrome. In particular there is said to be no relation to syphilis. The syndrome runs a benign course without the addition of further symptoms and is compatible References 1. Adie, J. W.: Complete and Incomplete Forms of the Benign Disorder Characterized by Tonic Pupils and Absent Tendon Reflexes , Brit. J. Ophth. 16:449, 1932.Crossref 2. Jelliffe, S. E.: Myotonic Pupil : Contribution and Critical Review , J. Neurol. & Psychopath. 13:349, 1933. 3. Alajouanine, T., and Morax, P. : La pupille tonique (pupillotonie) et ses rapports avec le syndrome d'Adie , Ann. d'ocul. 175:205, 1938. 4. Kehrer, F.: Die Kuppelungen von Pupillenstörungen mit Aufhelung der Sehnenreflexe : Adie-Syndrom, Pupillotonie, Pseudotabes ; konstitutionelle Areflexie , Leipzig, Georg Thieme, 1937. 5. A similar case was observed and analyzed in collaboration with Professor Amsler, Lausanne, Switzerland. Twin brothers and a sister had Adie's syndrome, and their mother showed a tendency to pupillotonic reactions. Additional cases of this syndrome will be published later in collaboration with Dr. Amsler. 6. Lowenstein, O., and Westphal, A. : Experimentelle und klinische Studien zur Physiologie und Pathologie der Pupillenbewegungen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Schizophrenie , Berlin, S. Karger, 1933. 7. Lowenstein, O. : L'épreuve à éserine ; son importance pour le diagnostic différentiel entre les troubles syphilitiques du système nerveux central et le syndrome d'Adie , Schweiz med. Wchnschr. 20:377, 1939 8. Réunion de la Société de neurologie de Paris , (April 28) , 1938 9. Société de'ophtalmologie de Bruxelles , (Nov. 26) , 1938 10. Société ophtalmologique du Léman à Genève , (Dec. 10) , 1938. 11. Les troubles du réflexe pupillaire à la lumière dans les affections syphilitiques du système nerveux central , Paris, Gaston Doin & Cie, 1939, p. 16. 12. Kennedy, F.; Wortis, H.; Richard, T. D., and Fair, B. B.: Adie's Syndrome , Arch. Ophth. 19:68-80 [ (Jan.) ] 1938 13. Lowenstein, O.: Der psychische Restitutionseffekt : Das Prinzip der psychisch bedingten Wiederherstellung der ermüdeten, der erschöpften und der erkrankten Funktion , Basel, Benno Schwabe & Co., 1937, pp. 58-68. 14. Our observations will be published in collaboration with Dr. M. B. Bender.

DeVOE, GERARD

1942 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1942.00880120133009

Abstract Postoperative hemorrhage following cataract extraction has long been recognized as one of the more common accidents that may disturb an otherwise uneventful convalescence. The reported incidence of its occurrence varies from 1 to 35 per cent, the extremes representing, perhaps, differences in technic and skill or, more probably, differences in the manner in which examinations were made and recorded. At the Institute of Ophthalmology it was felt that such hemorrhage was occurring with more than the usual frequency. Accordingly it was decided to investigate a series of consecutive cataract operations from a number of different aspects to determine (a) the true incidence of this complication and, (b) whether any contributing factor or factors could be discovered. If such factors could be discovered, more logical treatment or preventive measures could obviously be initiated. Four hundred and fifty-three cases were studied and the following points investigated: (1) incidence, (2) severity of hemorrhage, References 1. (a) Wheeler, J. M.: A Study of Hemorrhage into the Anterior Chamber Subsequent to Operation for Hard Cataract , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 14:742, 1916. 2. (b) Marshall, C. D.: On the Immediate and Remote Results of Cataract Extraction , Roy. London Ophth. Hosp. Rep. 14:56, 1895. 3. (c) Derby, H. : Report on Sixty-Four Cataract Extractions According to the Method of von Graefe , Arch. Ophth. 3:74, 1873 4. (d) One Hundred Cases of Cataract Extractions with a Single Failure, with a Discussion of Advantages of Non-Anesthesia in This Operation , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 3:195, 1881. 5. (e) Franke, E.: On the Extraction of Cataract According to Jacobson's Method , Arch. Ophth. 10:121, 1881. 6. (f) Strawbridge, G.: Report of Two Hundred and Sixty-One Cases of Cataract Extractions , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 4:298, 1885. 7. (g) Vail, D.: On the Mechanism and Causes of Hyphema After Cataract Extraction , Am. J. Ophth. 24:922, 1941. 8. (h) Arnold, T.: Mitteilungen über vier hundert Staroperationen , Arch. f. Augenh. 25:41, 1892. 9. (i) Köllner, H.: Erfahrungen an 1,284 Kataraktextractionen mit Iridektomie , Ztschr. f. Augenh. 15:506, 1906. 10. (j) Schreiber, L.: Bemerkungen über die Kataraktextractionen in den Jahren 1893/96 , Jahresb. ü. d. Leistung. d. Ophth. 27:98, 1896. 11. (k) Uhthoff, W.: Cataract Operations in Diabetics , Arch. Ophth. 38:49, 1909. 12. (l) Knapp, H.: Bericht über hundert Staarextractionen nach der neuen von Graefe'schen Methode eingeführt , Arch. f. Ophth. 13:85, 1867 13. Bericht über ein zweiter Hundert Staarextractionen durch den Linearschnitt im Scleralbord , Knapp Arch. f. Ophth. 14:285, 1868 14. Bericht und Bemerkungen über ein drittes Hundert Staaroperationen nach der peripherlinearen Extractionsmethode , Arch. f. Augen-u. Ohrenh. 1:44, 1869-1870 15. translated, Arch. Ophth. 1:103, 1869 16. Bericht und Bemerkungen über ein viertes und fünftes Hundert Staarextractionen nach Gräfes Methode , Arch. f. Augen- u. Ohrenh. 6:314, 1877 17. translated, Arch. Ophth. 6:3, 1877 18. Bericht über ein sechstes Hundert Staarextractionen , Arch. f. Augenh. 8:378, 1879 19. translated, Arch. Ophth. 8:200, 1879 20. Report of a Seventh Hundred of Cataract Extractions, with Historical and Critical Remarks, Particularly on the Peripheral Opening of the Capsule , Arch. Ophth. 10:295, 1881 21. Report of the Eighth Series of One Hundred Consecutive Cataract Extractions, with Remarks , Arch. Ophth. 12:69, 1883 22. Cataract Extraction, Without Iridectomy , Arch. Ophth. 16:54, 1887 23. Report on the First Series of One Hundred Cataract Extractions Without Iridectomy , Arch. Ophth. 17:51, 1888 24. Report on a Second Series of One Hundred Successive Cataract Extractions Without Iridectomy , Arch. Ophth. 18:1, 1889 25. Report of a Third Series of One Hundred Cataract Extractions Without Iridectomy , Arch. Ophth. 19:280, 1890. 26. (m) Vail, D., Jr.: Hyphema After Cataract Extraction , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 31:496, 1933. 27. (n) Philps, A. S.: Post-Cataract Hyphaema , Brit. J. Ophth. 24:122, 1940.Crossref 28. (o) Berens, C., and Bogart, D.: Certain Postoperative Complications of Cataract Operations, with Especial Reference to Study of 1,004 Operations , Am. J. Surg. 42:38, 1938.Crossref 29. (p) Stallard, H. B.: A Corneo-Scleral Suture in Cataract Extractions: Its Technique and Advantages , Brit. J. Ophth. 22:269, 1938.Crossref 30. (q) Davis, F. A.: Personal Experiences with Intracapsular Cataract Extractions , Arch. Ophth. 19:867 ( (June) ) 1938.Crossref 31. (r) Wright, R. E.: Lecture on Cataract Surgery , Am. J. Ophth. 20:248, 1937. 32. (s) Lehrfeld, L., and Donnelly, E. J. : Corneoepiscleral Suture in Cataract Extraction , Arch. Ophth. 24:401 ( (Aug.) ) 1940.Crossref 33. (t) McLean, J. M.: A New Corneoscleral Suture , Arch. Ophth. 23:554 ( (March) ) 1940.Crossref 34. (u) Leech, V. M., and Sugar, H. S. : Reduction of Postoperative Complications in Cataract Operations with Corneoscleral Sutures , Arch. Ophth. 21:966 ( (June) ) 1939.Crossref 35. (v) Vogt, A. : Zur Stardiskussion in Heidelberg , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 101:530, 1938. 36. (w) von Herrenschwand, F.: Die Wundsprengung nach Altersstar-Extraktion und ihre Verhütung durch die Anlegung eines vorbereitenten Bindehautlappens , Ztschr. f. Augenh. 83:87, 1934. 37. (x) Kawahara, G.: Ueber die Vorder-Kammerbildung und Vorder-Kammerbildungblutung nach Kataraktextraktion , Zentralbl. f. d. ges. Ophth. 31:693, 1934. 38. (y) Reiser, K. : Unsere Erfahrungen mit der intracapsularen Starextraktion , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 101:692, 1938. 39. (z) Schmidt, K. : Prognose der Operationsmöglichkeit bei verschiedenen Starformen , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 96:118, 1936. 40. 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M.: Normal Cevitamic Acid Determinations in Blood Plasma and Their Relationship to Capillary Fragility , J. Pediat. 8:1, 1936. 65. (b) Crandon, J. H.; Lund, C. C., and Dill, D. B.: Experimental Human Scurvy , New England J. Med. 223:353, 1940. 66. Scarborough, H., and Stewart, C. P.: Effect of Hesperidin (Vitamin P) on Capillary Fragility , Lancet 2:610, 1938.Crossref 67. Bentsath, A.; Rusznyak, S., and Szent-Györgi, A.: Vitamin Nature of Flavones , Nature, London 138:798, 1937Crossref 68. Vitamin P , Bentsath Nature, London 139:326, 1937Crossref 69. 140:426, 1937. 70. Jersild, T.: Therapeutic Effect of Vitamin P in Schönlein-Henoch Purpura , Lancet 1:1445, 1938.Crossref 71. Ivy, A. C., and Gray, J. S.: The Application of Recent Contributions in Basic Medical Sciences to Surgical Practice : Vitamin P and Capillary Fragility , Internat. Abstr. Surg. 69:1939 72. Surg., Gynec. & Obst. , (July) 1939. 73. Lund, C. C, and Crandon, J. H.: Human Experimental Scurvy and the Relation of Vitamin C Deficiency to Postoperative Pneumonia and to Wound Healing , J. A.M. A. 116:663 ( (Feb. 22) ) 1941.Crossref 74. Lanman, I. H., and Ingalls, T. H.: Vitamin C Deficiency and Wound Healing , Ann. Surg. 105:616, 1937.Crossref 75. Hartzell, J. B.; Winfield, J. M., and Irvin, J. L.: Plasma Vitamin C and Serum Protein Levels in Wound Disruption , J. A. M. A. 116:669 ( (Feb. 22) ) 1941.Crossref 76. Hunt, A. H.: Role of Vitamin C in Wound Healing , Brit. J. Surg. 28:436, 1941.Crossref 77. Urbanek, J., and Albrecht, W.: C Vitamin und Lebensalter , Ztschr. f. Augenh. 95:129, 1938. 78. Bartlett, M. K.; Jones, C. M., and Ryan, A. E.: Vitamin C Studies in Surgical Patients , Ann. Surg. 111:1, 1940.Crossref 79. Holman, E. F.: Vitamins and Protein Factors in the Preoperative and Postoperative Care of the Surgical Patient , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 70:261, 1940. 80. Abt and Farmer.16 Urbanek and Albrecht.25 81. 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Benedict, W. L.

1942 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1942.00880120161010

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract GENERAL NEWS Prize Offered for Contribution on Glaucoma. —A prize of $250 is offered for the most valuable original contribution adding to existing knowledge about the diagnosis of early glaucoma during 1943. The award will be made through the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness with the guidance of an ophthalmologic committee composed of Drs. Arnold Knapp, Manuel Uribe Troncoso and Mark J. Schoenberg. Papers may be presented by any research worker, student in ophthalmology or ophthalmologist of the Western hemisphere and may be written in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish or Portuguese. If written in one of the last four languages, the paper should be accompanied by a translation in English. Papers should be in the office of the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, 1790 Broadway, New York, by Sept. 15, 1943.