Archives of Ophthalmology

JAMESON, P. CHALMERS

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180011001

Abstract Dr. William Browning, the neurologist in Brooklyn, who thirtyfive years ago was among the first in this country to recognize the value of glandular therapy, recently asked me if the use of thyroxin in ocular conditions had ever been considered. On his own initiative, about a year ago, he instilled a solution of natural crystalline thyroxin (1 mg. to 1 cc.) in his eye, first once a week and later more frequently. The interesting results he experienced (related under "clinical notes") inspired me to make further investigation at his suggestion. Before giving the dosage and reporting the cases in which I used thyroxin in the eye, I wish to touch on the recorded general biologic history and attributes of this subtle and potent drug. BIOLOGIC AND CHEMICAL EXPERIMENTATION In 1913 and 1914 Gudernatsch made the discovery that tadpoles fed on meat usually showed distinct hindlegs in fifty-three, forelegs in References 1. Harington, C. R.: The Thyroid Gland : Its Chemistry and Physiology , New York, Oxford University Press, 1933, p. 118. 2. Harington,1 p. 119. 3. Myhrman, G.: Some Investigations into the Influence of Thyroxin of Tissue Oxidation , Acta med. Scandinav. 79:323, 1932.Crossref 4. Algren, G., quoted by Myhrman,3 p. 324. 5. Myhrman,3 p. 326. 6. Squibb, E. R., and Sons: Brochure issued on thyroxin under license from the University of Minnesota Biological Laboratory (U. S. Government License no. 52), p. 5. 7. Squibb and Sons,6 p. 14. 8. Grafe, E. : Metabolic Diseases and Their Treatment , translated by M. G. Boise, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1933, p. 185. 9. Squibb,6 p. 40. 10. Parsons, J. Herbert: The Pathology of the Eye , London, Hodder & Stoughton, Ltd., 1906, vol. 3, p. 1001.

ELSBERG, CHARLES A.;DYKE, CORNELIUS G.

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180020002

Abstract Our object in this paper is to call attention to a characteristic symptom complex of small meningeal growths which arise from the most mesial part of the sphenoid ridge. These growths lie in close proximity to one optic nerve, and for a considerable period they produce disturbances due solely to pressure on the nerve near the optic foramen. The syndrome of primary atrophy of the optic nerve with bitemporal defects of the visual fields and progressive diminution of vision is characteristic of tumors which compress the optic chiasm and nerves and is often the first and, for a long time, the only clinical evidence of a midline growth underneath the frontal lobes of the brain. The combination of primary atrophy of the optic nerve, bitemporal defects of the visual fields and changes in the sella turcica was formerly believed to be characteristic solely of tumors of the References 1. Holmes, G., and Sargent, P.: Suprasellar Endotheliomata , Brain 50: 518 ( (Oct.) ) 1927.Crossref 2. Cushing, Harvey, and Eisenhardt, Louise : Meningiomas Arising from the Tuberculum Sellae, with the Syndrome of Primary Optic Atrophy and Bitemporal Field Defects Combined with a Normal Sella Turcica in a Middle-Aged Person , Arch. Ophth. 1:1 ( (Jan.) )Crossref 3. 168 (Feb.) 1929. 4. Alpers, B. J., and Groff, R. A.: Parasellar Tumors : Meningeal Fibroblastomas Arising from the Sphenoid Ridge , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 31: 713 ( (April) ) 1934. 5. The tests of the sense of smell now used are very gross. It is to be hoped that the rhinologist will devise more delicate tests of the function of the olfactory nerve. Perhaps these tests will be electrical.

THYGESON, PHILLIPS

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180052003

Abstract Unlike other mucous membranes of the body, the conjunctiva has a limited normal bacterial flora, the only two constant inhabitants being Corynebacterium xerosis and Staphylococcus epidermidis albus, both of which are saprophytes. The mechanical cleansing action of the tears as well as their lysozyme content acts to eliminate accidental contaminants, usually bacteria from the air, as well as to inhibit the normal conjunctival flora. In the presence of acute or subacute conjunctivitis the saprophytes are often crowded out by the invading micro-organisms to such an extent that in films of secretions or scrapings of epithelium the exciting agent is found in pure or almost pure culture. This feature renders the diagnosis of conjunctivitis, by a study of films, practical and often simple. IMPORTANCE OF AN ETIOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS The determination of the etiology, when possible, is a fundamental principle of scientific medicine. The importance of knowing the active microbic agent References 1. McClung, C. E.: Handbook of Microscopical Technique , New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 1929, p. 93. 2. Durand, P., and Lumbroso, U.: Recherches sur le bacille de Weeks , Arch. Inst. Pasteur de Tunis 15:71 ( (June) ) 1926. 3. Kleuver, H. C.: Chronic Streptococcic Pseudo-Membranous Conjunctivitis, to be published. 4. Thygeson, P. : Etiology of Inclusion Blennorrhea , Tr. A. Research in Ophth. , 1934, to be published. 5. Thygeson, P.: The Nature of the Elementary and Initial Body of Trachoma , Arch. Ophth. 12:307 ( (Sept.) ) 1934.Crossref 6. Goodpasture, E. W., and Woodruff, C. E.: A Comparison of the Inclusion Bodies of Fowl-Pox and Molluscum Contagiosum , Am. J. Path. 7:1 ( (Jan.) ) 1931. 7. Goodpasture, E. W.: Woodruff, A. M., and Buddingh, G. J.: Am. J. Path. 8:271 ( (May) ) 1932. 8. Bedson, S. P., and Bland, J. O. W.: A Morphological Study of Psittacosis Virus , Brit. J. Exper. Path. 13:461 ( (Oct.) ) 1932. 9. Gifford, S. R., and Lazar, N. K.: Inclusion Bodies in Artificially Induced Conjunctivitis , Arch. Ophth. 4:468 ( (Oct.) ) 1930.Crossref 10. Williams, A.: A Study of Trachoma and Allied Conditions in the Public School Children of New York City , J. Infect. Dis. 14:261 ( (March) ) 1914.Crossref 11. Woods, A. C.: Allergy and Immunity in Ophthalmology , Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1933, p. 163.

TERRY, T. L.

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180065004

Abstract In 1927, Stanowsky1 collected sixty-five cases from the literature of sarcoma of the eyelid and reported two more cases. Additional cases were reported by Juler,2 Stock,3 Rifaat (three cases),4 Fiore,5 Nichelatti,6 Gabriélidès,7 Jaensch (three cases),8 DeLogu,9 Ishibashi10 and Vele (three cases).11 The ages of the patients varied from a few months to 80 years. The distribution according to sex was approximately equal. In the preponderance of cases the upper eyelid was involved. Many of the tumors when first seen were mistaken for chalazions, and their true nature was recognized later. The type of cell varied, round, spindle and mixed types being reported. Some of the tumors contained melanotic pigment. Some were excised without recurrence, and a few disappeared after irradiation. Some showed local recurrence ; some showed metastases, and several showed extension to regional lymph nodes. Many extended beyond References 1. Stanowsky, Paulina: Primares Lidsarkom , Arch. de oftal. de Buenos Aires 2:404, 1927. 2. Juler, Frank: Diseases of the Eyelids : Sarcoma of the Eyelid, with Local Secondary Growth Apparently Cured by Radium , Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom 47:81, 1927. 3. Stock, W.: Tumoren , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 81:111, 1928. 4. Rifaat, A.: Trois cas de sarcome primitif des paupières , Ann. d'ocul. 165: 508, 1928. 5. Fiore, Tito: Sarcoma endoteliale della palpebra superiore (tarso) , Ann. di ottal. e clin. ocul. 58:54, 1930. 6. Nichelatti, Paolo: Contributo clinico ed istologico allo studio di alcuni tumori palpebrali non comuni , Boll. d'ocul. 10:882, 1931. 7. Gabriélidès, C.: Sarcome primitif apigmenté de la paupière , Ann. d'ocul. 169:593, 1932. 8. Jaensch, P. A.: Bösartige Geschwülste unter dem Bilde von Hagelkörnern; Epitheliome und Sarkome der Lider , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 90:598, 1933. 9. DeLogu, Antonio: Sarcoma palpebrale primitivo a struttura linfo-endoteliale piu volte recidivato , Boll. d'ocul. 12:313, 1933. 10. Ishibashi, Shun: Ein seltener Fall vom primären "Sarcoma perivasculare" des Lides , Acta Soc. ophth. jap. 37:361, 1933. 11. Vele, Maria: Sui tumori delle palpebre , Boll. d'ocul. 12:788, 1933.

VONDERAHE, ALPHONSE R.;ABRAMS, NATHAN R.

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180069005

Abstract Involvement of the optic chiasm from its inferior surface occurs with fair frequency owing to the high incidence of pituitary neoplasms. Involvement of the optic chiasm from its superior surface, that is, from impingement on it by lesions proceeding from the floor of the third ventricle, occurs less frequently, while actual invasion of the chiasm is extremely rare. The present report presents a case of a neoplasm extending into the substance of the optic chiasm. Recently there was reported a case of an extensive glioma of the third ventricle,1 serial sections of which showed that the sheath of the optic nerve and optic chiasm had resisted the invasion of the tumor cells. The fact that there was only a slight invasion of the inferior border of the right optic tract indicates the marked resistance of these structures to the infiltration. Wilbrand and Saenger2 pointed out that direct invasion References 1. Learmouth, J. R.; Lillie, W. I., and Kernohan, J. W.: Unusual Surgical Lesions Affecting the Optic Nerve and Chiasm , Am. J. Ophth. 14:741 ( (Aug.) ) 1931. 2. Wilbrand, H., and Saenger, A.: Die Neurologie des Auges , Wiesbaden, J. F. Bergmann, 1915, vol. 6, p. 137. 3. Kon, J.: Seltene Tumoren der Hypophysengegend (Teratom, Peritheliom, telangiektatisches Sarkom) , Beitr. z. path. Anat. u. z. allg. Path. 44:223, 1908. 4. Paukstat: Beitrag zur Lehre von der bitemporalen Hemianopsie , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 43:605, 1905. 5. Morgan, L. O.: Anat. Rec. 32:283 ( (April) ) 1926.Crossref

WHITE, J. W.

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180075006

Abstract The question "When and how should one operate for convergent strabismus?" was asked at a recent meeting, and I made the statement at the time that a question involving so many considerations could not be answered in the time allowed. One hears much discussion on the subject of whether some form of advancement or some form of recession is the better procedure for the correction of convergent strabismus. This discussion seems futile, for when an external rectus needs help, no form of tenotomy on an internal rectus will be of much aid, and when an internal rectus is too powerful, no form of advancement will give the desired results. If one confines the discussion to the means of aiding the external rectus one may consider the advantage and disadvantage of an advancement or any of its modifications, of a resection or its modifications, of a tucking and its modifications References 1. PcB means the convergence near point measured from the intracentral base line. 2. White, J. W.: Indications for Treatment for Combined Lateral and Vertical Strabismus , Arch. Ophth. 10: 585 ( (Nov.) ) 1933.Crossref

SHAAD, DOROTHY J.

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180081007

Abstract Although Piper1a and others, including Behr,2 Cook,3 DeSilva and Bartley,4 Messmer5 and Stargardt,6 reported the presence of brightness summation in binocular vision, particularly under conditions of dark adaptation, some investigators either have failed to find evidence for summation or have attempted to explain the lower binocular thresholds of sensitivity to brightness without reference to central neural activity. Among the latter are : Müller,7 who accounted for lower binocular thresholds assuming that binocular judgments are more easily made; Sherrington,8 who worked with monocular and binocular flicker effects and found no summation, and Lohmann,9 who believed that lower binocular thresholds could be explained by the increase in the retinal areas involved when both eyes were used. Others who reported no summation include Abney and Watson,10 Best11 and Graham.12 That the various studies have not been in agreement is due largely to References 1. Piper, H.: (a) Ueber Dunkeladaptation , Ztschr. f. Psychol. 31:161, 1903 2. (b) Ueber die Abhängigkeit des Reizwertes leuchtender Objekte von ihren Flächen , Piper Ztschr. f. Psychol. 32:98, 1903. 3. Behr, C.: Der Reflexcharakter der Adaptationsvorgänge, insbesondere der Dunkeladaptationen und deren Beziehungen zur topischen Diagnose und zur Hemeralopie , Arch. f. Ophth. 75:201, 1910. 4. Cook, T. W.: Binocular and Monocular Relations in Foveal Dark Adaptation , Psychol. Monog. , 1934, vol. 45, no. (3) . 5. DeSilva, H. R., and Bartley, S. H.: Summation and Subtraction of Brightness in Binocular Perception , Brit. J. Psychol. 20:241, 1930. 6. Messmer : Ueber die Dunkeladaptation bei Hemeralopie , Ztschr. f. Sinnesphysiol. 42:83, 1907. 7. Stargardt, K.: Ueber Störungen der Dunkeladaptation , Arch. f. Ophth. 73:77, 1910. 8. Müller, E.: Die monokulare und binokulaare Reizschwelle der dunkeladaptierten Augen , Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol. 193:29, 1921.Crossref 9. Sherrington, C. S.: On Binocular Flicker and the Correlation of Activity of "Corresponding" Retinal Points , Brit. J. Psychol. 1:26, 1904. 10. Lohmann, W.: Kritische Studien zur Lehre von der Adaptation , Arch. f. Augenh. 83:275, 1918. 11. Abney, W. deW., and Watson, W.: The Threshold of Vision for Different Colored Lights , Phil. Tr. Roy. Soc. 216:91, 1916.Crossref 12. Best, F.: Untersuchung ueber die Dunkelanpassung des Auges mit Leuchtfarben , Ztschr. f. Biol. 68:111, 1917. 13. Graham, C. H.: An Investigation of Binocular Summation; Fovea , J. Gen. Psychol. 3:494, 1930Crossref 14. An Investigation of Binocular Summation; Periphery , Graham J. Gen. Psychol. 5:311, 1931.Crossref 15. von Helmholtz : A Treatise on Physiological Optics , ed. 3, edited by J. P. C. Southall, Ithaca, N. Y.: Optical Society of America, 1924, vol. 2, p. 315. 16. Blanchard. J.: The Brightness Sensibility of the Retina , Physical Rev. 11:81, 1918.Crossref 17. Adams, D.: Dark Adaptation, Medical Research Council , Special Report Series, no. 127, London, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1929. 18. Hecht, S.: The Nature of the Photoreceptor Processes , in The Foundations of Experimental Psychology , Worcester, Mass., Clark University Press, 1929. 19. Adrian, E. D., and Matthews, R.: The Action of Light on the Eye , J. Physiol. 63:378, 1927. 20. Granit, R. : The Retina as a Nervous Center , Arch. Ophth. 6:104 ( (July) ) 1931.Crossref

SCHOENBERG, MARK J.

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180085008

Abstract This is a report of personal experiences with the diathermic treatment in a series of twenty-three cases of retinal detachment. It is not the purpose in this report to emphasize the percentage of good results. The matter is beyond that stage, for no one who has had experience with the diathermic treatment has any doubt as to its efficacy in suitable cases. At the present stage, one's effort should be rather to discover why one gets good results in some cases, and why one fails in other cases. If and when one can solve this problem one will be able to select cases and operate only in those which present definite indications. The failures, more instructive than the successes, are given a more prominent place in this report. The case reports contain only the most essential data. The physical condition, the question of syphilis and tuberculosis, the problem of

BROWN, ALBERT L.

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180106009

Abstract The current conception of the etiology of chronic inflammation of the uveal tract includes chiefly the theory of focal infection and its ramifications. The specific organisms of syphilis1 and tuberculosis2 have been isolated from the eye in cases of disease of the uveal tract. Likewise, organisms have been cultured in cases of metastatic intraocular inflammation.3 This suggests the possibility of the dissemination of organisms in so-called nonspecific uveitis. Proponents of this view argue that there is a circulation from a focus of the actual organisms, organisms with a predilection or specificity for uveal tissue, or of the toxin of organisms to the eye. An attempt has been made to analyze this view and to test its various aspects experimentally. When an organism enters the eye, it must meet existing conditions portrayed by the aqueous and vitreous, intra-ocular tissue and the intra-ocular portion of the blood stream. References 1. Collins, E. T., and Mayou, M. S.: Pathology and Bacteriology of the Eye , ed. 2, Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1925, p. 557. 2. Meller, J.: Ztschr. f. Augenh. 76:407, 1932Crossref 3. 77:1, 1932. 4. Herrenschwand: Die pathogenen Mikroorganismen des Auges , Berlin, Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1927, p. 167. 5. Cronstedt, L.: Svenska läk.-sällsk. handl. 49:157, 1923 6. abstr., Zentralbl. f. d. ges. Ophth. 12:11, 1924. 7. Brown, A. L., and Dummer, C.: The Experimental Production of Iritis , Arch. Ophth. 2:573 ( (Nov.) ) 1929.Crossref 8. Leber, A.: Arch. f. Ophth. 64:413, 1906. 9. Kodama, R.: Ocular Reactions in Anaphylaxis , J. Infect. Dis. 28:48 ( (Jan.) ) 1921.Crossref 10. Rosenow, E. C.: J. Infect. Dis. 17:403, 1915.Crossref 11. Zanettin, G.: Ann. di ottal. e clin. ocul. 61:20 ( (Jan.) ) 1933. 12. Brown, A. L.: Am. J. Ophth. 15:19 ( (Jan.) ) 1932. 13. Rosenow, E. C., and Nickel, A. C.: Am. J. Ophth. 15:1 ( (Jan.) ) 1932. 14. Pearson's formula, in Pearl, R.: Medical Biometry and Statistics , ed. 2, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, append. 3, table B. 15. Traut, E. F.: Am. J. Ophth. 17:106 ( (Feb.) ) 1934. 16. Clawson, B. J.: Etiology of Acute Rheumatic Fever , J. Infect. Dis. 36: 444 ( (May) ) 1925.Crossref 17. Friedenwald, J.: Allergy and Immunity in Ocular Tuberculosis , J. Arch. Ophth. 9:165 ( (Feb.) ) 1933.Crossref 18. Woods, A., and Little, M. F.: Tr. Sect. Ophth., A. M. A. 1932, p. 297.

Kiehle, Frederick A.;Pugmire, Clinton

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180127010

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract We are reporting a case of unilateral buphthalmos occurring in opposite eyes in identical twins. The case is interesting because in each twin only one eye was involved, on opposite sides in the two children, and because of the dissimilarity of the degree of involvement in the two patients. REPORT OF A CASE History.—These children (S. C and J. C.) were brought into the ophthalmologic clinic of the University of Oregon with the complaint of enlargement of one eye of each child. At the time of entrance they were 6 years old. The mother stated that when they were 3 months old she noticed that one eye of each of the boys started to become enlarged, since which time there had been a steady enlargement of the affected eyes. There was no family history either of defects of this kind or of other developmental defects. Data for S.

EGGERS, HARRY

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180129011

Abstract The aim of this review is to indicate in a simple manner how the power of an ophthalmic lens varies with its contour, thickness and distance from the eye. The reader perhaps will recall from his knowledge of the properties of lenses in air that, among other things, a lens possesses two principal planes (A1H1 and A2H2 in the biconvex lens depicted schematically in figure 1), which are perpendicular to the axis and so disposed that incident rays which are directed toward any point (such as A1 in figure 1) in one principal plane will be directed on emergence as though they came from a point (A2) in the second plane which is on the same side of, and at the same distance from, the principal axis as the first point. The points where the principal planes meet the principal References 1. Prentice, C. F.: Ophthalmic Lenses and Prisms , Chicago, Cleveland Press, 1917. 2. Wood, C. A.: the American Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology , Chicago, Cleveland Press, 1917, vol. 10. 3. Sheard, Charles : Some Fundamental Principles of Modern Ophthalmic Lenses , Am. J. Physiol. Optics 6:34, 1925.

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180141012

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract GENERAL NEWS Annual Course, Research Study Club of Los Angeles.—The Research Study Club of Los Angeles will present its fourth annual course from Jan. 21 to Feb. 1, 1935, in Los Angeles. The guest lecturers in ophthalmology will be Dr. Webb Weeks of New York, who will give a course in operative surgery on the cadaver, and Dr. Harry Gradle of Chicago, who will discuss the subjects of glaucoma, uveitis and recent advances in ophthalmology. For a detailed program of the course and for further information address Dr. Don Dryer, 2007 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, Calif. Alfred Eichholz Memorial Clinic.—On July 6, the Prince of Wales opened the Alfred Eichholz Memorial Clinic at London, a memorial to Dr. Alfred Eichholz donated by his cousin, Mr. W. Eichholz. This clinic will serve as one of the important activities of the National Institute for the Blind, and will utilize the

Wright, Robert E.

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180142013

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor:—With reference to Dr. Henderson's article, "Retinitis Punctata Albescens and Retinitis Pigmentosa as Affected by Pregnancy" (Arch. Ophth.11:763 [May] 1934), the author stated that "some authorities believe that consanguinity has been given too prominent a place in the etiology," and he quoted the "American Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Ophthalmology," by Wood, in support. The statement contained therein that retinitis pigmentosa is found frequently among the Hindus for whom consanguineous marriages are prohibited by religion is referred to. I feel almost sure that the contributor is unwittingly helping to perpetuate an error and trust that he will forgive my drawing attention to it in connection with his interesting article. The bald statement is made in the "Encyclopedia" that "the influence of consanguinity has been overestimated," without other apparent authority than an inference based on the lines which follow, that Macnamara has shown that the

Zentmayer, William

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180143014

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.

Holden, WARD A.

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180171015

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract This handsome quarto volume includes fourteen pages devoted to a fresh and lucid exposition of ophthalmoscopy and one hundred plates in color, each with its page of descriptive text. The paintings of the fundus were made by Mrs. A. S. Burgess and are on a large scale, the optic disks being from 2 to 3 cm. in width. Most of the paintings are dated, the years ranging from 1926 to 1933. The artist used the self-illuminating ophthalmoscope, and the colors appear natural. One does not find, for example, the excessive green of the glaucomatous disk shown in Jaeger's atlas, made under the greenish light of the kerosene lamp soon after the invention of the ophthalmoscope, or the excessive pink of the atrophied disk found in some later atlases, made under the reddish light of the Argand gas burner or the early electric bulb with the carbon filament. The plates were

Stough, J. T.

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180172016

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The relationship of ophthalmology to neurology is a vital one. Especially is this true from the standpoint of anatomy and physiology. Dr. Roy R. Grinker in "Neurology" has clearly outlined the anatomy of the visual pathways in combination with a sound physiologic conception of their function and their relationships in the central nervous system. He has also carefully handled the subject of the extra-ocular muscles and their central connections. Though these subjects are well presented in a number of separate works, their intimate correlation with other cerebral functions is not always so clearly presented. Neurologic disorders frequently involve the visual and oculomotor pathways. Therefore, the ophthalmologist is often called on to assist in localizing the lesion producing such disorders. As a consultant, his understanding of the interrelationship of ophthalmology and neurology is necessary. The ophthalmologic findings in both intracranial and extracranial disorders are reviewed. Intracranial neoplasms, multiple sclerosis and

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180172017

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract In the article by V. La Rocca, entitled "Alterations of Retina in Experimental Toxic Nephrosis" in the October issue (Arch. Ophth.12:509, 1934), the line, "From the research department of the Brooklyn Eye and Ear Hospital," near the bottom of the page, was inserted through error; Doctor La Rocca is not connected with that hospital.

1934 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1934.00830180173018