Archives of Ophthalmology

WILMER, W. H.

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120011001

Abstract Odontology is of ancient lineage. Fifteen hundred years before Christ, diseases of the teeth were mentioned in Eber's papyrus. Among the early Egyptians, dentists were numerous, for Herodotus says : Physicke is so studied and practiced with the Egyptiens that every disease hath his several physicians, who striveth to excel in healing that one disease and not to be expert in curing many. Whereof it cometh that every corner of the country is full of physicians. Some for the eyes, others for the head, many for the teeth, not a few for the stomach and the inwards. The Etruscans, according to Garrison,1 were highly skilled in dentistry, and he quoted Martial in regard to the excellence of their bridgework. Early in the Christian era, the teeth had their own patron saint, Saint Apollonia, who was a protectress not only of those who suffered from toothache but also of References 1. Garrison, F. H.: History of Medicine , Philadelphia and London, W. B. Saunders Company, 1922. 2. Kanner, Leo : The Folklore of the Teeth , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1926. 3. Cahn, Lester R. : Oral Sepsis in Relation to Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases , New York M. J. 118:168 ( (Aug. 1) ) 1923. 4. Brewer, E. C.: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable , Philadelphia, Henry Altemus Company, 1894. 5. Richter, A. G.: Anfangsgründe der Wundarzneikust , Göttingen, J. C. Dieterich, 1795. 6. Beer, G. Joseph : Lehre von den Augenkrankheiten , Vienna, Huebner & Volke, 1817. 7. Koecker, Leonard: Report of a Case of Lost Sight Cured by Proper Dental Treatment , Am. J. Dent. Sc. , (June) , 1843. 8. Hancock, Henry : Two Cases of Amaurosis Depending on Dental Irritation ; A Case of Ptosis and Diverging Strabismus from Decayed Teeth , Dental Cosmos , (August) , 1859. 9. Hutchinson, Jonathan: A Group of Cases Illustrating the Occasional Connexion Between Neuralgia of the Dental Nerves and Amaurosis , Ophth. Hosp. Rep. , 1865. 10. Schmidt-Rimpler, H.: Augenheilkunde und Ophthalmoskopie , Marburg, Friedrich Wreden, 1885. 11. Lang, William: The Influence of Chronic Sepsis upon Eye Disease , Lancet 1:1376 ( (May 17) ) 1913. 12. Seydel, F.: Connection Between Ocular Diseases and Inflammatory Conditions of the Teeth , Deutsche Monatschr. f. Zahnh. 30:423 ( (June) ) 1912. 13. Steinbugler : Levy, and Pease : Dental Infection in Eye Diseases , Arch. Ophth. 47:182, 1918. 14. Bonsignorio, R. A. C.: Affections oculo-dentaires chez les nourissons , Clin. Opht. , (April 25) , 1908. 15. Higgs, A. K.: Ocular Disturbances the Result of Dental Disease , J. Ophth., Otol. & Laryng. , (April) , 1908. 16. Brinton, A. G.: Irritation of the Trigeminus , Ophth. Rev. , (October) , 1909. 17. Harman, N. Bishop : The Conjunctiva in Health and Disease , New York, William Wood & Company, 1905, p. 209. 18. Back, Heinrich: Relations of Chronic Septic Affections of the Teeth to Disorders of the Eye , Dental Cosmos 71:388 ( (April) ) 1929. 19. MacCallan, C. B. E.: Toxic Absorption Due to Focal Septic Lesions , Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Monthly 8:25 ( (Feb.) ) 1930. 20. Bulson, A. E., Jr.: Etiology and Treatment of Endogenous Iritis: Analysis of 100 Private Cases , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 23:292, 1925. 21. Irons, E. E., and Brown, E. V. L.: The Etiology of Iritis , J. A. M. A. 66:1840 ( (June 10) ) 1916 22. 81:1770 (Nov. 24) 1923. 23. Elchnig, A.: Etiology of Iridocyclitis , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 75:130, 1925. 24. Parsons, Sir John Herbert: Diseases of the Eye , New York, The MacMillan Company, 1930. 25. White, Leon E.: The Location of the Focus in Optic Nerve Disturbances from Infections , Ann. Otol., Rhin. & Laryng. 37:128, 1928. 26. Vossius, A.: Ein Fall von Orbitalphlegmone bei Thrombophlebitis der Orbitalvenen nach Extraction eines kariösen Backzahnes mit Ausgang in Heilung und Erhaltung des Bulbus sowie des Sehvermögens , Arch. f. Ophth. 30:3, 1884. 27. Dagilaiski, W.: Ueber Orbitalphlegmone dentalen Ursprungs , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. , 1899. 28. Telepnew, N. A.: Ein Fall von Phlegmone der Orbita dentalen Ursprungs , Ztschr. f. Augenh. , 1912, vol. 27. 29. Calhoun, J. G.: Membranous Conjunctivitis , Am. J. Ophth. , 1911, vol. 28. 30. De Coopman, L. E. J.: Ein Fall von Blepherospasmus, anscheinend infolge des durchbrechens eines Zahnes , Ophth. Klin., XI , 1905, vol. 11. 31. Verrey, Louis : Un cas de mydriase unilatérale d'origine dentaire: Evolution retardée de la dente sagesse , Ann. d'ocul. , 1912, vol. 147. 32. Sloggett, H. C.: Case of Reflex Amaurosis , Ann. Ophth. , (April) , 1900. 33. Sterling, J. W.: Bilateral Amaurosis Following Severe Hemorrhage After Extraction of Tooth; Partial Recovery , Ophth. Rev. , 1904. 34. Dor, Louis : Die Augenzahne , Ophtal. provinc. , no. (4) , 1910. 35. MacKenzie, Ivy: The Trigeminal System as an Integrating Mechanism in Disorders of the Eye , Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom , 1924. 36. Julianelle, Louis A.: Reactions of Rabbits to Intracutaneous Injections of Pneumococci and Their Products , J. Exper. Med. 51:441, 1930.

GIFFORD, S. R.;LAZAR, N. K.

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120026002

Abstract Since the description by Halberstaedter and Prowazek,1 in 1907, of peculiar bodies in the epithelial cells in cases of trachoma, an extensive literature has grown up on the question of the etiologic relation of these bodies to trachoma. Halberstaedter believed they represented a living parasite, the cause of trachoma, and called them Chlamydozoa, or mantle protozoans. This observation was soon confirmed by many observers. Similar bodies were found in other diseases of unknown origin ; in scarlet fever by Mallory,2 in varicella by Gins,3 and in other diseases.4 They were regarded as either living pathogenic organisms or as the reaction products of the cells to invisible organisms or viruses. The first evidence casting doubt on the specificity of such bodies for trachoma was the report of their presence in other diseases, some of known bacterial origin. Stargardt and Heymann5 reported finding identical bodies in conjunctivitis of References 1. Halberstedter and Prowazek: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. , 1909, pp. 240 and 241. 2. Mallory: J. M. Research 10:483, 1903. 3. Gins: Ztschr. f. Hyg. u. Infektionshr. 86:299, 1918.Crossref 4. Findlay and Ludford: Brit. J. Exper. Path. 7:223, 1926. 5. Heymann: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 27:1692, 1901 6. Berl. klin. Wchnschr. 47: 663, 1910 7. Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 8:338, 1909. 8. Herzog: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 36:1076, 1910.Crossref 9. Halberstaedter: Berl. klin. Wchnschr. 47:661, 1910. 10. Lindner: Arch. f. Ohrenh. 78:235, 1911 11. Lindner Arch. f. Ohrenh. 84:1, 1913 12. Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 77:555, 1926 13. Ztschr. f. Augenh. 57:508, 1926. 14. Jancke: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 36:987, 1910. 15. Addario, Jr.: Arch. f. Augenh. 19:197, 1910. 16. McKee: Ophth. Rec. 19:292, 1911. 17. Wolbach and McKee: J. M. Research 24:259, 1911. 18. Axenfeld : Die Aetiologie des Trachoms , Jena, 1914. 19. Solovieff: Arch. Inst. Pasteur de l'Afrique du Nord 1:388, 1921. 20. Rivers: J. Bact. 14:217, 1927. 21. Wolbach: J. M. Research 27:19, 1912. 22. Aust: Arch. f. Ohren-, Nasen- u. Kehlkopfh. 123:93, 1929. 23. Taboriski: Arch. f. Ohren-, Nasen- u. Kehlkopfh. 123:140, 1929. 24. Bengston, Ida: Pub. Health Rep. 43:2210, 1929 25. Arch. f. Ohren-, Nasen- u. Kehlkopfh. 12:633, 1929. 26. Trapezontzewa: Arch. Inst. Pasteur de Tunis 16:271, 1927. 27. Affanassieva: Rev. de trachome 5:55, 1929.

SAMUELS, BERNARD

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120036003

Abstract The cystic spaces commonly seen in the retina at the ora serrata have been discussed in the literature over a long period of years. This paper deals with cystic degeneration in the posterior portion of the retina. However much the cystic degenerations in the two locations may resemble one another anatomically, they occur independently. The presence of one has no influence on that of the other. CLASSIFICATION The microscopic specimens used in this study embrace practically every condition in the pathology of the eye. The cavities may be classified as follows : According to Location.—The following classification is made according to the location of the cavities : With reference to the optic nerve. The spaces are more pronounced on the temporal side, to which region they may be confined. They usually form a circumpapillary system. With reference to the macular region. The largest spaces are invariably found immediately at the

SPAETH, EDMUND B.

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120047004

Abstract It has been necessary recently on several occasions to defend experiences and ideas relative to the Mosher-Toti combined intranasal and extranasal dacryocystorhinostomy. My experiences with this operation have been so satisfactory that some doubt exists as to whether this valuable procedure is receiving its due. I have performed thirty-three operations of this type and have assisted at several more cases extending over a period of about six years. Following one of these, a conversation with an internationally known ophthalmologist resulted in the decision to try to clear up some of the doubt and conjecture connected with the operation. The indications and reasons for recommending it, together with its rationality, should first be considered. Several years ago, while working at the Palo Seco Leper Colony in the Panama Canal Zone on the rôle of the lacrimal sac in the causation of the ocular complications of leprosy, opportunity arose

GRINKER, ROY R.

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120057005

Abstract Out of the chaos of all the so-called gliomas of the brain, Bailey and Cushing1 were able to make an orderly, workable classification by studying the predominating cell types of the various tumors and correlating them with a particular stage of histogenesis of adult nervous tissue. They were able to accomplish this feat by utilizing specific methods of impregnation with silver salts devised mainly by Cajal and Hortega. Such attempts, except in one instance, have as yet not been applied by ophthalmologists, yet the proper fixation of retinal and optic nerve tumors and the use of modern staining methods instead of celloidin hematoxylin-eosin preparations are essential to the advancement of knowledge concerning them. However, although one must await further work to complete the knowledge of the probable glial tumors, the careful cellular studies already made enable one to classify the tumors described in the literature. Tumors of References 1. Bailey, P., and Cushing, H.: A Classification of the Tumors of the Glioma Group , Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1926. 2. Von Graefe: Zur Kasuistik der Tumoren , Graefe's Arch. f. Ophth. 10: 193, 1865. 3. Willemer, F. : Ueber eigentliche das heisst sich innerhalb der äusseren Scheide entwickelnde Tumoren des Sehnerven , Graefe's Arch. f. Ophth. 25:189, 1879. 4. Hudson, A. C.: Primary Tumors of the Optic Nerve , Roy. London Ophth. Hosp. Rep. 18:317, 1912. 5. Verhoeff, F.: Primary Intraneural Tumors (Gliomas) of the Optic Nerve , Arch. Ophth. 51:120, 1922. 6. Martin, P., and Cushing, H.: Primary Gliomas of the Chiasm and Optic Nerves , Arch. Ophth. 52:209, 1922. 7. Michel, J. : Ueber eine Hyperplasie des Chiasma und des rechten Nervus opticus bei Elephantiasis , Graefe's Arch. f. Ophth. 19:145, 1873.Crossref 8. Emanuel, C. : Ueber die Beziehungen der Sehnerven-Geschwülste zur Elephantiasis neuromatodes und über Sehnervengliom , Graefe's Arch. f. Ophth. 53:129, 1912.Crossref 9. Von Hippel, E., in Graefe-Saemisch: Handbuch der gesamten Augenheilkunde , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1923, vol. 7 B. 10. Kiel, E.: Zur Histologie der Opticustumoren , Graefe's Arch. f. Ophth. 112:64, 1924.Crossref 11. Fleischer and Scheerer: Beiträge zur Histologie der primären Sehnerventumoren , Graefe's Arch. f. Ophth. 103:46, 1920.Crossref 12. Sattler, H.: Die bösartigen Geschwülste des Auges , Leipzig, S. Hirzel, 1925. 13. Adamuck, S.: Zwei Fälle von Neubildungen des Nervus opticus und der Orbita , Arch. f. Augenh. 28:129, 1894. 14. Löhlein, W. : Zur Frage der primären Sehnervengeschwülste , Graefe's Arch. f. Ophth. 73:335, 1914.Crossref 15. Sourdille: Le tumeurs neuroglia du nerf optique et de la retina , Arch. d'opht. 24:87, 1904. 16. Favalaro, G.: Sulla morfologia comparata della neuroglia normale e neoplastica e sull' istogenese del glioma del nervo ottico umano , Ann. di ottal. e clin. ocul. 56:619, 1928. 17. Bailey, P., and Bucy, P. C. : Oligodendrogliomas of the Brain , J. Path. & Bact. 32:735, 1929. 18. Enriquez, L.: Oligodendroglia de lass vias opticas , Bul. de Real Soc. Española de Historia Natural 26:1, 1926. 19. Marchesani, O.: Die Morphologie der Glia im Nervus opticus dargestellt nach den Untersuchungsmethoden und Untersuchungsergebnissen , Graefe's Arch. f. Ophth. 117:578, 1926.

WAGENER, HENRY P.;WELLBROCK, WILLIAM L. A.

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120069006

Abstract The type and origin of the cells in malignant melanotic neoplasms of the choroid have long been a subject of considerable interest. More recently, the relationship between such tumors and benign melanomas or pigmented nevi has received increasing attention. The possible malignant transformation of benign melanomas has been suggested by de Schweinitz and Shumway,1 Wolfrum,2 Moore,3 Heine,4 Dawson5 and Mulock Houwer.6 None of these observers was able, however, to give definite proof of such transformation. Scheerer7 stated that malignant degeneration of a melanoma of the choroid has never been observed. Benign melanomas of the choroid are much more common than appears from a survey of the literature on ophthalmology. It seems from reported cases that malignant melanotic tumors of the choroid are more common than benign tumors. Schappert-Kimmyser8 investigated histologically the occurrence of benign melanomas in eyes with and without References 1. de Schweinitz, G. E., and Shumway, E. A.: Concerning Melanoma of the Choroid, with Report of One Case of This Character and of Another Exhibiting a Pigmented Sarcoma of the Choroid Early in Its Development , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 10:439, 1905. 2. Wolfrum, M.: Der Naevus der Bindehaut des Augapfel und der Aderhaut und seine Beziehungen zu den melanotischen Tumoren , Arch. f. Ophth. 71:195, 1909. 3. Moore, R. F.: Four Cases of Melanoma of the Choroid, with a Pathological Examination in One Case, and One Case of Unusual Chronicity, After Dissemination of a Melanotic Sarcoma Had Occurred , Roy. Lond. Ophth. Hosp. Rep. 19: 411, 1914. 4. Heine, L.: Ueber Melanose und Sarkose des Augeninnern , Arch. f. Ophth. 111:33, 1923. 5. Dawson, J. W.: The Melanomata: Their Morphology and Histogenesis , Edinburgh M. J. 32:501 ( (Oct.) ) 1925. 6. Mulock Houwer, A. W.: On the Relation Between the So-Called Innocent Melanomata and the Malignant Tumors of the Choroid , Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom 48:167, 1928. 7. Scheerer, Richard: Melanosis choroideae , Ergebn. d. allg. Path. u. path. Anat. 21:91, 1928. 8. Schappert-Kimmyser, J.: Die Frequenz der sogenannten Uvealmelanome in Augen mit und ohne Sarkom , Arch. f. Augenh. 100-101:46, 1929. 9. Kraupa, E., quoted by Schappert-Kimmyser (footnote 8). 10. Fuchs, E., quoted by Schappert-Kimmyser (footnote 8). 11. Usher, C. H.: Melanoma of Choroid , Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom 46: 131, 1926. 12. Johnston, K. B.: The Ophthalmoscopic Picture of Naevus (Melanoma) Choroideae , Brit. J. Ophth. 13:498 ( (Oct.) ) 1929.Crossref 13. Velhagen, C.: Ein Melanom und sogenannte kleinstes Sarkom der Choroidea in demselben Augapfel , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 80:73, 1928. 14. Schappert-Kimmyser, J., and Mulock Houwer, A. W.: Melanoma und kleinste Sarkome , Arch. f. Augenh. 100-101:21, 1929. 15. Broders, A. C., and MacCarty, W. C.: Melano-Epithelioma: A Report of Seventy Cases , Surg. Gynec. Obst. 23:28 ( (July) ) 1916. 16. Leber, Theodore: Ueber die Aderhautsarkome und die Herkunft ihres Pigmentes , Arch. f. Ophth. 43:683, 1897. 17. Fuchs, E., quoted by Ewing, James: Neoplastic Diseases , ed. 2, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1922, p. 883. 18. Mann, I. C.: Discussion on Intra- and Extra-Ocular Melanomata , Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom 46:132, 1926. 19. Collins, E. T.: Discussion on Intra- and Extra-Ocular Melanomata , Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom 46:86, 1926. 20. Knight, M. S.: Melanotic Neoplasms of the Eye , J. A. M. A. 83:1062 ( (Oct. 4) ) 1924.Crossref

LEVINE, JOSEPH

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120076007

Abstract For almost thirty years, spinal anesthesia has been used with good results on many thousands of patients. The mortality figures are usually given as 1 in 1,000, but Cahen's are 6 in 800, Vianney's 2 in 300 and Condray's 1 in 400. Complications and sequelae are rare, the most common and earliest being syncope and hypotension. Later, and more rarely, the nervous system is involved, resulting in paralysis of an extra-ocular muscle as the most common phenomenon. However, other signs of involvement of the nervous system are tetanic contractures, anesthesia, hyperesthesia, anxiety neurosis and hallucinations. There may be headache, backache, vomiting, neuralgia or paresthesia, or blurring of vision and scintillating scotomas may be the forerunners of a muscle weakness. The latter may not be marked at first, but usually becomes more severe quickly and takes several months to clear up entirely. In some cases, paralysis of the muscle is References 1. Blatt, Nick: Ocular Paralysis After Spinal Anesthesia , Wien. med. Wchnschr. 79:1391, 1929. 2. Mühsam, W.: Oculomotor Paralysis After Anesthesia by Lumbar Puncture , Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 32:1411, 1906.Crossref 3. Landow: Case of Bilateral Paralysis of Abducens After Spinal Anesthesia , München. med. Wchnschr. 53:1464, 1906. 4. Scheppens, L.: Paralysis of the Sixth Nerve Following Lumbar Anesthesia , Clin. opht. 14:353, 1908. 5. Gontermann, C.: Paralysis of the Sixth Nerve After Lumbar Anesthesia with Tropococain , Berl. klin. Wchnschr. 45:1523, 1908 6. abstr., Ophthalmic Year Book , 1909. 7. Balbuena, Fernandez : Paralysis of External Rectus Following Spinal Anesthesia by Stovain , Arch. d'opht. 15:422, 1914. 8. Dameno, E.: Ocular Paralysis After Intraspinal Anesthesia , Prenza méd. argent. 4:417, 1918 9. abstr., J. A. M. A. 71:77 ( (July 6) ) 1918. 10. Merle, P., and Frogé : Transitory Diplopia After Lumbar Puncture , Ann. d'ocul. 160:24, 1923. 11. Moore, R. F.: Ocular Palsies , Brit. J. Ophth. 5:347, 1921.Crossref 12. Reber, W.: Ocular Palsies Associated with Induction of Spinal Anesthesia , Tr. Sec. Ophth., A. M. A. 71:225, 1910. 13. Blanluet and Caron: Abducens Paralysis After Stovain Anesthesia by Lumbar Puncture , Ann. d'ocul. 137:62, 1907. 14. Bonnier, P.: Oculomotor Disturbances with Anesthesia by Lumbar Puncture , Ann. d'ocul. 138:67, 1907. 15. Schmidt-Rimpler, H.: Paralysis of Ocular Muscles After Lumbar Anesthesia , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 4:116, 1907. 16. Schubens, A.: Bilateral Abducens Paralysis and Choked Disc After Novocain-Suprarenin Lumbar Anesthesia , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 70:154, 1923. 17. Lagrange, H., and Pesme, P.: Oculomotor Paralysis with Anisocoria and Miosis After Spinal Anesthesia , Arch. d'ophth. 39:503, 1922. 18. Ricci, E.: Paralysis of Externus, Amblyopia and Micropsia, Following Spinal Anesthesia , Lettura Oftal. , (December) , 1925, p. 564 19. abstr., Ophthalmic Year Book , 1927. 20. Barnes, S.: Ocular Paralysis , Birmingham M. Rev. 83:232, 1912. 21. Wheeler, J. M. : Paralysis of Sixth Cranial Nerve Associated with Otitis Media , Sec. Ophth., A. M. A. , 1918, p. 51. 22. Holmes, G. : Discussion on Ocular Palsies , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. (Sec. Neurol.) 14:1, 1921 23. Lancet 1:748 and 762 ( (April 9) ) 1921. 24. Harman, N. B. : Ocular Palsies , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. (Sec. Neurol.) 14:14, 1921. 25. Forgue, quoted by Blatt (footnote 1). 26. Benzoyl-dimethyl-aminoethylpropanol hydrochloride. 27. Vogt, quoted by Blatt (footnote 1).

WALKER, CLIFFORD B.

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120081008

Abstract The operative advantages obtained in modern cataract operations by the use of morphine and scopolamine hydrobromide to remove the nervous worry and concern of the patient and by the use of procaine hydrochloride to interrupt the deep pain reflex through the ciliary ganglion, as well as to control the orbicularis and limit the movements of the eyeball, have without doubt added encouragement to the development of procedures that would have been considered too tedious or painful a decade or so ago. This is particularly true for suturing in the cataract operation, which has been regarded by many of the best surgeons as tedious and unremunerative to the point of disadvantage and even handicap. Yet if it can be demonstrated that proper sutures actually do reduce the accidents and improve end-results, the necessary time and labor will be given to them. A list of some of the difficulties is References 1. Howes, E. L.; Sooy, J. W., and Harvey, S. C.: Healing of Wounds as Determined by Their Tensile Strength , J. A. M. A. 92:42 ( (Jan. 5) ) 1929.Crossref 2. Zur Nedden : Curative Value of Aspiration of Vitreous , Arch. Ophth. 57:109 ( (March) ) 1928. 3. O'Brien, C. S.: Akinesis During Cataract Extraction , Arch. Ophth. 1: 447 ( (April) ) 1929.Crossref 4. Ida Mann considers these "folds" to be really fibers by development and not membranous folds. Yet Helmholtz stated that the zonule was originally called the "godronne" (ionic eggmolding) because of its appearance when the space between these "fibers" and the hyaloid membrane, called the canal of Petit, was inflated.

DERBY, GEORGE S.

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120090009

Abstract Postoperative separation of the choroid was thought to be rare until Fuchs, in 1900, showed that it was a comparatively common occurrence. In the first series of cases that he published one case appears in which the separation did not take place until four months after operation. Fuchs rightly advanced the view that such an observation belonged among the great rarities of ophthalmology. Time has proved the correctness of his judgment, since even up to the present day few of these cases appear in the literature. For that reason the following case seems worthy of record. REPORT OF CASE W. L. R., a teacher, aged 55, a patient of Dr. Alexander Quackenboss, developed chronic simple glaucoma in 1928, and was referred to me for operation. Central vision was normal in each eye. Both fields showed a nasal step connecting with an arcuate scotoma from the blind spot. There was early References 1. Verhoeff and Waite: Separation of the Choroid, with the Report of a Spontaneous Case , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. , 1925, p. 120. 2. Meller: Ueber post-operative und spontane Chorioidealabhebung , Arch. f. Ophth. 80:170, 1912. 3. Fuchs: Ablösung der Aderhaut nach Operation , Arch. f. Ophth. 51:199, 1900 4. Ablösung der Aderhaut nach Operation , Fuchs Arch. f. Ophth. 53:375, 1902 5. Ueber seröse Aderhautabhebung , Fuchs Arch. f. Ophth. 104:247, 1921. 6. Hagen: Die seröse post-operative Chorioidealablösung und ihre Pathogenese , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 66:161, 1921. 7. Maschler : Ein Fall von langdauernder Aderhautablösung , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 64:549, 1920. 8. Marshall, Devereux : Detachment of the Choroid , Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom 16:98, 1896.

SMITH, HENRY CARROLL

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120093010

Abstract The literature dealing with the subject of extra-ocular muscle imbalance would indicate that deviations from the normal balance caused by abnormalities of the laterally acting muscles are more generally understood, both as to diagnosis and treatment, than are those caused by abnormalities of the vertically acting muscles. A comparatively small number of papers and reports on hyperphoria and hypertropia are available ; perhaps the chief impression acquired from a study of these comes from the uncertainty with which the authors, with but few exceptions, treat their subject. In what follows will be found the facts collected and the conclusions formed from an examination of the subject of the vertical muscle deviations by means of literary research, supplemented by the observation of a group of patients treated for vertical strabismus at the Herman Knapp Memorial Eye Hospital. Pertinent to an understanding of the anomalies of the vertically acting extra-ocular References 1. Peter, Luther C.: The Extra-Ocular Muscles , Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1927, p. 232. 2. Reviewed through the courtesy of Dr. James W. White. 3. Brownell, M. E.: Primary Spasm of the Superior Oblique Muscle , Am. J. Ophth. 11:41, 1928. 4. Stevens, George T.: Historical Notes of Strabismus and Other Anomalies of the Eye Muscles , Ann. Ophth. , April, 1889, vol. 1, no. (2) . 5. Duane, Alexander : Isolated Paralyses of the Ocular Muscles , Arch. Ophth. 1897, vol. 26, no. (3) . 6. Bielschowsky, A.: Die einseitigen und gegensinnigen (dissocierten) Vertikalbewegungen der Augen , XIII Concilium Ophthalmologicum , Amsterdam-Den Haag, September, 1929. 7. White, James W.: Head Tilting and Turning of Ocular Origin , Am. J. Surg. 4:77 ( (Jan.) ) 1928.Crossref 8. Peter (footnote 1, p. 250). 9. Bielschowsky, A.: Beweglichkeitstörungen des Augen, diagnostiche und therapeutische Irrtumes , Leipzig, Georg Thieme, 1922, p. 33. 10. Stevens, George T.: Anomalies of the Ocular Muscles , Arch. Ophth. , 1891, vol. 20, no. (3) . 11. Peter (footnote 1, p. 222). 12. Duane, Alexander: Tenotomy of Inferior Oblique: Technic of Operation, unpublished; reviewed through the courtesy of Dr. James W. White. 13. Posey, William Campbell : Tenotomy of the Inferior Oblique Muscle , New York State J. Med. , (May) 1920. 14. Zentmayer, William: Paralysis of the Inferior Oblique Corrected by Tenotomy of the Superior Rectus of the Other Eye , Am. J. Ophth. 9:617, 1926. 15. Rowland, W. D.: Tenotomy of the Inferior Oblique , J. Ophth., Otol. & Laryng. 32: 120 ( (April) ) 1928.

Speas, W. P.

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120105011

Abstract My purpose in this article is to describe the use of an instrument devised by me for muscle shortening in operations for the correction of squint. A discussion of the subject of squint as a whole and its correction would include fusion and binocular vision, which should be the ultimate aim in all cases in which there is sufficient vision to obtain this end. While numerous methods of shortening and lengthening the extra-ocular muscles have been employed to produce parallelism, many surgeons prefer to use some method that does not destroy the continuity of the muscle fibers. With this fact in mind, I set about to devise an instrument that would be simple to use, occupy small space in the field of operation, be as accurate as possible in its results, produce the minimum amount of trauma to the muscle, preserve the blood supply to that References 1. Todd, Frank C.: An Exact and Secure Tucking Operation for Advancing an Ocular Muscle , J. A. M. A. 44:11 ( (Jan. 7) ) 1905.Crossref 2. Knapp, H., in Norris and Oliver : System of Diseases of the Eye , Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1898, vol. 3, p. 874. 3. Noyes, J. F.: A New Method for Operating for Strabismus , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 10:273, 1874. 4. De Wecker, L.: La combination de la tenotomie avec l'avancement capsulaire , Ann. d'ocul. 93:72, 1885 5. Les opérations modernes du strabisme , Arch. d'opht. 13:1, 1893. 6. Knapp, H.: Advancement of Tenon's Capsule in Strabismus , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 4:345, 1886. 7. Lagleyze : Traitement du strabisme par la raccourcissement des muscles droits , Arch. d'opht. 12:668, 1892. 8. Savage, G. C.: Muscle Shortening vs. Muscle Advancement , Editorial, Ophth. Rec. 2:359, 1893. 9. Valk, F.: Further Observations on Convergent Squint , Post-Graduate, N. Y. 10:258, 1895. 10. Greene, D. M.: Correction of Divergent Strabismus by a New Method and New Instrument , Ophth. Rec. 8:461, 1899. 11. Colburn, J. E.: Muscle-Tucking : A Report of Cases and Conclusions , Ophth. Rec. 11:192, 1902. 12. Todd, F. C.: A Secure Advancement Operation Performed with the Aid of a New Tendon Tucker , Ophth. Rec. 11:73, 1902. 13. Bruns, H. D.: Method of Advancing Tendons of Recti Muscles , Ophth. Rec. 13:267, 1904. 14. Briggs, H. H.: A New Method of Tendon Shortening: Presentation of Instruments , Tr. Am. Acad. Ophth. , 1908, pp. 212-214. 15. Suffa, George A.: An Original and Absolutely Reliable Suture for Tucking or Shortening an Ocular Muscle , Arch. Ophth. 38:254, 1909. 16. Suffa, George A.: Further Communication of my Ocular Muscle-Tucking or Shortening Operation , Arch. Ophth. 41:245, 1912. 17. Wick, W.: Muscle Tucking in Squint Operation , Ztschr. f. Augenh. 53: 203, 1924. 18. Woodruff, H. W.: Shortening of an Ocular Muscle by Tucking , J. Ophth., Otol. & Laryng. 4:127, 1910. 19. Bishop, Wesley: A Tendon Tucker , Am. J. Ophth. 2:195, 1919. 20. Harrison, William J. : Muscle Tucking Instrument , Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 26:307, 1928. 21. Lowell, W. H. : Measured Correction of Squint by Combined Technique , Am. J. Ophth. 12:173, 1929.

Waite, John Herbert

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120117012

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract GENERAL Japanese Journal Gives Résumés in Other Languages.—In September, 1929, Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi, published by the Japanese Ophthalmological Society, began to add to each article a short report in German, English, French and Esperanto. Campaign Against Trachoma.—The International Anti-Trachoma Organization, the foundation of which was resolved on at the International Ophthalmological Congress in Amsterdam in 1929, was formed at Geneva during the last part of July. The meetings were held in the Palace of the League of Nations building. Forty delegates, the representatives of twenty-one different states, were present. Prof. Dr. Emile de Grosz was the presiding officer. The delegates had three tasks to perform: (1) to pass the statutes, (2) to form an executive committee and (3) to decide on the program of the near future. The league's object is: (1) to further the cooperation of the various organizations for the prevention

Zentmayer, William

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120119013

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.

Steinbugler, William F. C.;Krug, Ernest F.

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120136014

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.

Finnoff, William C.;Holloway, Thomas B.

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120142015

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.

Scheerer, R.;Fridenberg, Percy

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120154016

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.

K., A.

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120172017

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To supply the information that is not contained in the textbooks on ophthalmology without the time and labor required to study the large systems and encyclopedias, the editors believe that this publication, limited to seven volumes, will fill a definite void. Literary references have been restricted, and theoretical discussions avoided. At the same time each subject receives a complete survey, and close relation to contiguous branches is stressed. The entire work is to be completed before the end of 1932, and the price is not to exceed 1,000 marks. Each volume can be bought separately. The following two volumes have appeared : Volume 1 : Anatomy. Embryology, Malformations, Hereditary Diseases. Price, 134 marks. Pp. 900, with 432 illustrations, some in color. This volume consists of : Anatomy of the Human Eye, by Prof. P. Eisler, Halle, a. S.; The Connection of the Eye and the Central Nervous System, by Prof. R. A. Pfeifer,

K., A.

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120174018

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The author has collected monochromatic stereoscopic photographs of important clinical cases for illustration and for teaching purposes. This is the first of three parts. The pictures are made with the Druner camera ; the illumination is an arc-light projection lamp, of 35 amperes 110 volts. The glare is irritating to inflamed eyes, but is relieved by the use of corodemin drops. This series consists of fifty pictures. An accompanying text is in German, English and Hungarian. The subjects include: conjunctiva: trachoma, posterior symblepharon, gonorrheal conjunctivitis, tuberculosis of the conjunctiva, erythema nodosum, lymphoma, papilloma, carcinoma, cyst, epitarsus, pterygium, xerosis and nevus flammeus and glaucoma; cornea: catarrh, ulcer, serpent ulcer, adherent leukoma, keratomycosis, pannus, applanatio, pseudopterygium, rosacea, disciform, parenchymatous (due to syphilis and tuberculosis) megalocornea; iris : acute iritis, tuberculosis, seclusio, dyschromasia, coloboma; cataract: incipient, hypermature, mature, anterior polar, zonular, posterior, cortical; foreign body: contusion, iridodialysis, cataracta secundaria, perforating wound, burn, vaccinia of lid,

1930 Archives of Ophthalmology

doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810120175019