KERATOPLASTYELSCHNIG, A.;VORISEK, E. A.
1930 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810100011001
Abstract Twenty years have passed since I began doing keratoplasty as described by von Hippel, Sr. For thirty years it had been attempted frequently, with but one successful result, that of E. Zirm in 1906. In recent years, with a great amount of material at my disposal, I have attempted the operation with several modifications. Both my assistants and I have published several papers concerning the patients operated on in my clinic to the year 1925. It is my desire now, however, to give an exact description of my present procedure and to give a résumé of all my past experience with keratoplasty. I will confine myself to what I believe to be the only hopeful method, that of partially penetrating keratoplasty. A circumscribed disk of from 4 to 5 mm. in diameter, consisting of the entire thickness of the cornea of the diseased eye, is excised and is replaced by References 1. Gradle: Am. J. Ophth. 4:895, 1921. 2. Stanka: Arch. f. Ophth. 118:335, 1927. 3. Graefe-Sämisch : Handbuch der gesamten Augenheilkunde , Leipzig, Wilhelm Engelmann, 1922.
COLOBOMA LENTISRONES, BENJAMIN
1930 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810100020002
Abstract Coloboma of the lens is a congenital defect in the border of the lens together with a loss of lens substance, the lens otherwise being normal in shape. Although the condition is rare, the reported types are of considerable diversity, and several attempts at classification have been made. The edge of the defect may be straight, indented, curved in or projecting out. The majority of reported cases show the coloboma to be in the typical direction, downward, or down and slightly in or out. It also has been found upward, inward, up and in, up and out, and outward. Other congenital anomalies, such as coloboma of the iris, ciliary body and choroid, are frequently found associated with it. Coloboma lentis must be differentiated from ectopia lentis, in which the displaced lens often gives the impression of a defect. In ectopia, however, the margin of the lens shows no actual defect References 1. Hess: Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 30:106, 1892. 2. Heyl, A. G.: Coloboma Lentis , Rep. Internat. Ophth. Cong. 5:16, 1876. 3. Becker: Zur Anatomie der gesunden und kranken Linse , Wiesbaden, 1883. 4. Wessely: Arch. f. Augenh. 65:295, 1910. 5. Van der Hoeve: Arch. f. Augenh. 72:145, 1912. 6. Manz: Arch. f. Ophth. 26:154, 1880. 7. Parsons: The Pathology of the Eye , 1906, vol. 3, p. 850. 8. Collins, Treacher: London Ophth. Hosp. Rep. 13:81, 1893. 9. Mann, Ida: The Development of the Human Eye , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1928, p. 151.
VARIATIONS IN THE INTRANEURAL COURSE OF THE CENTRAL VEIN OF THE RETINAFRY, W. E.
1930 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810100026003
Abstract During the course of the examination of serial sections of a number of optic nerves for an entirely different purpose, frequent variations in the course of the central vein of the retina with relation to the course of the central artery of the retina were found. Because these variations occurred with such regularity and in such a considerable percentage of the cases examined, and because they differed markedly from the usually described course of the central vein, it was considered of importance to make this record of them. Whitnall, who followed the description of Hoveloque, gives the following course for the central vein. The vena centralis retinae accompanies the artery of the same name in its intraneural course, though according to Hoveloque (1920) it emerges from the optic nerve on either the lateral or inferior side nearer (10 mm. from) the globe; it most frequently opens separately into the cavernous References 1. Vossius: Arch. f. Ophth. 39:119, 1893. 2. Deyl, J.: Anat. Anz. 11:687, 1895-1896. 3. Beauvieux and Ganelmino, R.: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 90:1241, 1924. 4. Yamaguchi, H.: Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 41:180, 1903. 5. Paton and Holmes: Brain 33:389, 1911.Crossref 6. Mann, I. C.: The Development of the Human Eye , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1928, p. 230.
LENS CHANGES AFTER MIDDLE AGEVON DER HEYDT, ROBERT
1930 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810100034004
Abstract Observations with the slit-lamp covering a period of almost ten years have led me to certain views on the types and frequency of opacities of the lens in persons beyond middle life. I shall first discuss briefly the anatomy and growth of the lens. The lamellar structure of the lens from within outward, as seen in the beam of the slit-lamp, is as follows : The innermost unit—the embryonic nucleus—presents on its anterior surface the vertical, and on its posterior surface the inverted, Y suture. It shows a clearer, therefore presumably less dense, central interval. Surrounding this structure one next sees the surfaces of the external embryonic nucleus presenting a somewhat more complex suture design. These two nuclear entities approximately constitute all of the lens as it is at birth. Under the anterior capsule of the lens is the layer of epithelial cells. At the equator of the lens they
UNRECOGNIZED MAGNETIC INTRA-OCULAR FOREIGN BODIES AND THEIR LEGAL ASPECTSMILLS, LLOYD;JEANCON, ETTA C.
1930 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810100040005
Abstract Two recent legal decisions relative to unrecognized magnetic intraocular foreign bodies clearly define the degree to which improvement in medical knowledge and skill creates a corresponding responsibility and legal liability. In the case of Kosal v. Boyce, 201 N. W. 757, decided by the Supreme Court of Wisconsin in 1925,1 the plaintiff-patient was struck in the eye by part of a steel spring. The defendant-physician, who specialized in diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat, treated the injury. According to the record, this physician examined the eye by the use of the ophthalmoscope, direct illumination and oblique focal rays, but failed to discover any foreign body in the eye. Several months later another physician, with the aid of roentgenograms, discovered a piece of steel in the eye. The plaintiff brought suit, and the lower court awarded him damages to the extent of $2,000. The Supreme Court of References 1. Roentgen-Ray Examination of Eye Required—Damages: Kosal v. Boyce (Wis.), 201 N. W. R. 757 , abstr., J. A. M. A. 85:219 ( (July 18) ) 1925.Crossref 2. Failure to Discover Foreign Body in Eye—Lippold v. Kidd (Ore.), 269, p. 210 , abstr., J. A. M. A. 92:1792 ( (May 25) ) 1929.Crossref 3. Shasted : American Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology , Chicago, Cleveland Press, 1917, vol. 10, p. 7183. 4. In a personal communication to the authors. 5. Beach v. Chollett, Ohio, 166, N. E. 145. 6. Shasted (footnote 3, vol. 9, p. 7160). 7. West v. Martin, 31, Mo. 375, 1861. 8. Jackson v. Burnham, 20, C. Col. 533. 9. Alsen : Klinische Erfahrungen über Augenverwundungen, 1913. 10. Military Surgery of the Eye (footnote 3, p. 7755). 11. Black, N. M., and Haessler, F. H.: Metallic Intra-Ocular Foreign Bodies not Demonstrable on Roentgenograms , J. A. M. A. 93:1043 ( (Oct. 5) ) 1929.Crossref
VERNAL CATARRH: REPORT OF A CASE TREATED BY RADIUMMOORE, RONALD C.
1930 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810100051006
Abstract History.—G. S., a boy, aged 12, reported at the eye dispensary at the Presbyterian Hospital in May, 1929, giving a history that two years previously his eyes had become irritated, with sufficient secretion to glue the lids in the mornings and with some lacrimation. He had had some hospital treatment but without improvement. The vision was 6/12 in the right eye and 6/9 in the left. The tarsal conjunctiva was roughened, and in the upper lid there were large granulations typical of vernal catarrh. They were so large that pressure had flattened them out, giving them the appearance of a tessellated pavement; there was also some involvement of the pericorneal tissues, and the conjunctiva had a milky appearance. Treatment.—Dr. H. B. Wilmer was asked to see him to make the allergic test, and the patient was found to react positively to dandelion and timothy, but
CONTROL OF TEARING BY BLOCKING THE NASAL GANGLIONRUSKIN, SIMON L.
1930 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810100054007
Abstract The intimate relationship existing between the nasal mucosa and tear secretion is apparent to those who have given the matter thought, yet the literature on the subject is meager. My attention was first called to this relationship by the observation that following blocking of the sphenopalatine ganglion some patients complain of a sensation of dryness of the eyes and a relative absence of tears during weeping. It occurred to me to study the pathways of the tear reflex in an effort to find the cause of the mechanism and, if possible, to apply this same blocking of the sphenopalatine ganglion to cases in which one might desire to diminish the total volume of tears ; particularly in those cases in which an unsuccessful dacryocystectomy had been performed with stenosis of the nasolacrimal duct. Mueller1 gave the tear reflex careful analysis. Although the ganglion cell groups that control tear secretion References 1. Mueller, L. R.: Die Lebensnerven , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1924. 2. Gray, Henry : Anatomy of the Human Body , ed. 20, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1928. 3. Ruskin, S. L.: Contributions to the Study of the Sphenopalatine Ganglion , Laryngoscope 35:87 ( (Feb.) ) 1925. 4. Ruskin, S. L.: The Sensory Field of the Facial Nerve , Arch. Otolaryng. 7:351 ( (April) ) 1928.Crossref
RADIUM IN VERNAL CATARRHQUICK, DOUGLAS
1930 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810100058008
Abstract Since 1917 my co-workers and I, at the request of several ophthalmologists, have treated with radium, a number of patients with vernal catarrh. This contact with a nonmalignant disease has come about because several years ago radium was reported to be of value in dealing with this condition and because our peculiar facilities made possible the preparation of various types of radium applicators in our laboratories. As favorable reports from radium treatment for vernal catarrh are constantly appearing in the ophthalmologic literature, it seems only proper that I should present our experiences to date. I offer this report at the present time particularly since I feel that certain hazards are attendant on this form of treatment, and that it should not be entered into without an unusual degree of caution. As for the immediate effects of treatment, it is my impression that the symptomatic improvement is much more marked when
DENTAL INFECTION IN DISEASES OF THE EYESTEINBÜGLER, W. F. C.
1930 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810100066009
Abstract The relationship between infected teeth and diseases of the eye has been known for some time. Several centuries ago, Fabricius Hildanus reported a case of ophthalmia and loss of the eye due to an abscessed tooth. In 1795, Richter wrote regarding the connection between dental irritation and diseases of the eye, and in 1817, Bier described a case in which contraction of the visual field was done away with by extraction of a carious tooth. Jonathan Hutchinson reported many cases of defective vision effectually relieved by the removal of pathologic conditions discovered in the mouth. During the past twenty years, the subject of dental focal infection has received much attention, due primarily to Sir William Hunter of Montreal, who first called attention to it in 1910, and to the experimental work of Dr. E. C. Rosenow, of the Mayo Clinic, and the clinical work of Dr. Frank
INFECTIONS OF THE MOUTH AND THEIR RELATION TO DISEASES OF THE EYE: FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF A GENERAL PRACTITIONER OF DENTISTRYGILLETT, HENRY W.
1930 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810100074010
Abstract The present trend of dental thought and research is strongly toward prevention of oral disease, and for that part of the juvenile public which cooperates, much of the familiar, corrective labors of the dentist are becoming less necessary. Further discoveries in prevention seem imminent, and the increased interest of the medical profession in the one organ concerned in nutrition, the functional activity of which is largely controllable by the patient, will be a potent influence in furthering public health. There is plenty of evidence in case histories of the direct etiologic relation of foci of the mouth to inflammatory disturbances of the eye. In this effort to establish a better contact between the medical and the dental divisions of health service, one is confronted with the fact that those in each division are usually poorly informed concerning the anatomy, pathology and the functions of the organs in the care References 1. Thoma, K. H.: Infected Vital Dental Pulp: An Important Focus of Systemic Disease , J. Dent. Research 8:529 ( (Aug.) ) 1928.Crossref 2. Hopewell-Smith: Adventitious Dentins and Infection of the Dental Pulp, Dental Items of Interest, July, 1925, p. 477. 3. Coolidge, E. D.: Root Resection as a Cure for Chronic Periapical Infection , J. Am. Dent. A. 17:239 ( (Feb.) ) 1930 4. Thoma: A Comparison of Clinical, Roentgen and Microscopical Findings in Fifteen Cases of Infected Vital Pulps , J. Dent. Research 9:447 ( (Aug.) ) 1929.Crossref 5. Rickert : The Clinical Significance of the Infected Degenerating Pulp , J. Am. Dent. A. 14:1895 ( (Oct.) ) 1927. 6. Noyes, F. B., and Dewey, K. W.: Lymphatics of the Dental Region , J. A. M. A. 71:1179 ( (Oct. 12) ) 1918.Crossref 7. Haden: Dental Infections and Systemic Disease , Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1930, p. 33. 8. Irons, E. E. : Dental Infections and Systemic Disease , J. A. M. A. 67: 851 ( (Sept. 16) ) 1916.Crossref 9. Hartzell, T. B.: Interesting Cases of Advanced Periodontoclasia Before and After Treatment , J. Am. Dent. A. 16:1307 ( (July) ) 1929. 10. Ring, G. O.: Focal Infection from the Ophthalmologist's Standpoint , Dental Cosmos 72:280 ( (March) ) 1930. 11. Hanke: The Relation of Diet to Caries and Other Dental Disorders , J. Am. Dent. A. 16:2263 ( (Dec.) ) 1929, and a recent unpublished paper. 12. Osgood: Orthopaedic Aspects of Chronic Arthritis , J. Bone & Joint Surg. 8:1, 1926. 13. Noyes, F. B., and Ladd, R. L.: The Lymphatics of the Dental Region , Dental Cosmos 71:1041 ( (Nov.) ) 1929. 14. Applebaum: Lymph Channels in Dentin and Enamel Stained by Amalgam , J. Dent. Research 9:487 ( (Aug.) ) 1929. 15. Fish, E. W.: The Circulation of Lymph in Dentin and Enamel , J. Am. Dent. A. 14:804 ( (May) ) 1927.
NEEDLE HOLDER FOR CATARACT SURGERYSpaeth, Edmund B.
1930 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810100086011
Abstract Since working with Dr. Luther C. Peter, I have become firmly convinced that one of the great essentials for success in operation for cataract is that the lid and conjunctival sutures are properly placed. This subject was presented by him recently in the American Journal of Ophthalmology. Of all the various needle holders available, none were quite satisfactory for the conjunctival sutures. Some released with a disturbing (to the patient) click; others were improperly shaped for passing the needle from the conjunctival flap toward the intact bulbar conjunctiva. The patient not uncommonly moves his eye during the introduction of these sutures, and disastrous results can develop when the flap is held rigid during such movements. Clamp or catch holders are thus unsatisfactory. In spite of this, nothing was quite as satisfactory as the ordinary mosquito size hemostatic forceps. The needle holder illustrated was filed out and tried
Third Annual Report of the Giza Memorial Ophthalmic Laboratory, Cairo, 1928.Bruce, G. M.
1930 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810100147015
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract This report deals chiefly with studies of trachoma and gonococcal conjunctivitis. During the course of experimental work on monkeys, it was observed that follicles are frequently present in the normal conjunctiva of these animals. This condition is not trachoma, and never turns into it. It can be produced artificially by inoculation with a gram-negative bacillus, closely resembling that described by Noguchi, and which was isolated from cases of trachoma in human beings. During seven months, no corneal vascularization or scarring was observed. Acute trachoma, as described in other countries, never occurs in Egypt, acute exacerbations being due to a mixed infection. Prowazek and Lindner's bodies were encountered but rarely, and were considered to be of no etiologic significance. Serologic investigations were disappointing. The relative values of new and old remedies were investigated. In the case of chaulmoogra oil, which was rubbed into the conjunctiva, it was decided that:
CORRECTION1930 Archives of Ophthalmology
doi: 10.1001/archopht.1930.00810100148017
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract In "Consequences of Softening of the Eyeball" (Arch. Ophth. 3: 419 [April] 1930), page 420, ninth line from the bottom, not "shape" but "fold" should appear.