Archives of Internal Medicine

WILSON, JOHN C.;WALKER, PIERRE J.

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1936.00170070002001pmid: N/A

Abstract Anterior poliomyelitis made its appearance in California in 1875, when 2 cases were observed near Eureka. The disease first became epidemic at La Grande, near San Francisco, in 1898. A second epidemic, of relatively few cases, followed in San Francisco in 1902. In 1912 the disease became epidemic in Southern California; 531 cases were reported with 129 deaths. Sporadic cases were reported from time to time until 1925, when the disease again became epidemic, with a total of 821 cases and 144 deaths. Two years later, 1,298 cases were reported, with 224 deaths. During the epidemic of 1930, 1,003 cases were reported, with 157 fatalities. The outbreak in 1934 showed a decided increase in the number of individual reported cases. This may have been due in part to the increasing alertness of the attending physicians, leading to a recognition of the disease in its preparalytic stage. A total of 3,333 References 1. Dunshee, J. D., and Stevens, I. M.: Previous History of Poliomyelitis in California , Am. J. Pub. Health. 24:1197 ( (Dec.) ) 1934.Crossref 2. The statistics were provided by the California State Department of Public Health. 3. Van Wart, Roy; Courville, Cyril, and Hall, E. M.: Am. J. Pub. Health 24:1207 ( (Dec.) ) 1934.Crossref 4. Wickman, Otto Ivar: Acute Poliomyelitis , Nervous and Mental Disease Monograph 16, New York, Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Company, 1913. 5. Kennedy, Foster: Infective Neuronitis , Arch. Neurol & Psychiat. 2:621 ( (Dec.) ) 1919. 6. Strauss, Israel, and Rabiner, Abraham: Myeloradiculitis: A Clinical Syndrome , Arch. Neurol & Psychiat. 23:240 ( (Feb.) ) 1930.

ORGAIN, EDWARD S.;WOLFF, LOUIS;WHITE, PAUL D.

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1936.00170070018002pmid: N/A

Abstract Auricular fibrillation and auricular flutter are common and well recognized disorders of cardiac rhythm. Less well appreciated, however, is their occurrence in persons without other signs of cardiac disease. To emphasize the frequency of this occurrence and to demonstrate its good prognosis constitute the main objects of the present communication. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Premature beats1 and paroxysmal tachycardia2 have long been known to occur in healthy persons. That auricular fibrillation may arise in a heart previously healthy was first pointed out by Gossage and Hicks3 in 1913, although Fox4 and Mackenzie5 a few years before noted no evidence of cardiac disease in several of their cases. Since these early communications there have appeared in the literature numerous reports of auricular fibrillation occurring in persons with a clinically normal heart as a result of varied stimuli—tixic, traumatic and reflex—and without any obvious cause. The following References 1. Mackenzie, J.: Diseases of the Heart , ed. 3, New York, Oxford University Press, 1913. 2. Bristowe, J. S.: On Recurrent Palpitations of Extreme Rapidity in Persons Otherwise Apparently Healthy , Brain 10:164, 1888.Crossref 3. Gossage, A. M., and Hicks, J. A. B.: On Auricular Fibrillation , Quart. J. Med. 6:435, 1913. 4. Fox, G. H.: The Clinical Significance of Transitory Delirium Cordis , Am. J. M. Sc. 140:815, 1910.Crossref 5. Mackenzie, J.: Digitalis , Heart 2:273, 1910-1911. 6. Krumbhaar, E. B.: Transient Auricular Fibrillation , Arch. Int. Med. 18:263 ( (Aug.) ) 1916.Crossref 7. Parkinson, J., and Campbell, M.: Paroxysmal Auricular Fibrillation: A Record of Two Hundred Patients , Quart. J. Med. 23:67, 1930.Crossref 8. Patterson, R. V.: Transient and Recurrent Auricular Fibrillation , J. A. M. A. 82:453 ( (Feb. 9) ) 1924.Crossref 9. Instances of auricular fibrillation of this type occurred in our series. 10. Hume, W. E.: The Action of Adrenaline Chloride on the Human Heart , Quart. J. Med. 21:459, 1927. 11. Smith, F. M., and Moody, W. B.: The Induction of Premature Contractions and Auricular Fibrillation by Forced Breathing , Arch. Int. Med. 32:192 ( (July) ) 1923.Crossref 12. Brams and Gaberman, quoted by McEachern and Baker.29f 13. Dutt Gupta, A. K.: A Case of Auricular Fibrillation After Aspirin , Indian M. Gaz. 63:531, 1928. 14. Levine, S. A.: Acute Cardiac Upsets Occurring During or Following Surgical Operation , J. A. M. A. 75:795 ( (Sept. 18) ) 1920. 15. Fowler, W. M., and Baldridge, C. W.: Auricular Fibrillation as the Only Manifestation of Heart Disease , Am. Heart J. 6:183, 1930.Crossref 16. Fox.4 17. Wolferth, C. C.: Intermittent Auricular Fibrillation , Arch. Int. Med. 36:735 ( (Nov.) ) 1925.Crossref 18. Fowler and Baldridge.12b 19. Patterson.7 20. Laslett, E. E.: Notes on Four Cases of Paroxysmal Tachycardia , Quart. J. Med. 15:18, 1921.Crossref 21. Robinson, G. C.: Transient Auricular Fibrillation in a Healthy Man Following Hydrogen Sulphide Poisoning , J. A. M. A. 66:1611 ( (May 20) ) 1916.Crossref 22. Cassidy, M., quoted by Cowan.21 23. Borg, J. F.: Diabetic Acidosis: Etiological Factor in Production of Auricular Fibrillation , Minnesota Med. 11:580, 1928. 24. Bramwell, C.: Can a Head Injury Cause Auricular Fibrillation? Lancet 1:8, 1934.Crossref 25. Kahn, M. H., and Kahn, S.: Cardiovascular Lesions Following Injury to the Chest , Ann. Int. Med. 2:1013, 1929.Crossref 26. Jaksch-Warthenhorst, R., and Rihl, J.: Vorhofsflimmern nach elektrischem Trauma , Ztschr. f. d. ges. exper. Med. 50:110, 1926. 27. Hay, J., and Jones, H. W.: Trauma as a Cause of Auricular Fibrillation , Brit. M. J. 1:559, 1927.Crossref 28. Laslett, E. E.: A Paroxysm of Auricular Fibrillation Caused by Electric Shock , Brit. M. J. 1:919, 1927. 29. Felderbaum, D., and Finesilver, B.: Transient Auricular Fibrillation in Abdominal Diseases , Am. Heart J. 2:416, 1927.Crossref 30. Footnote 8. 31. Cowan, J.: The Causes of Auricular Fibrillation , Quart. J. Med. 22:237, 1929. 32. Reid, W. D.: Auricular Fibrillation in an Apparently Normal Heart , Boston M. & S. J. 197:1213, 1927. 33. Fowler and Baldridge.12b 34. Hay and Jones.19b 35. Wolferth.13a 36. Laslett.14 37. Semerau, M.: Ueber Rückbildung der Arhythmia perpetua , Deutsches Arch. f. klin. Med. 126:161, 1918. 38. Fowler and Baldridge.12b 39. Hay and Jones.19b 40. Laslett.14 41. Footnote 8. 42. Heitz, J.: La forme paroxystique de l'arythmie complète , Ann. méd. 1:483, 1914. 43. Mouquin, M.: Les formes paroxystiques de l'arythmie complète , Médecine 8:420, 1927. 44. Footnote 8. 45. Boas, E. P.: The Cardiovascular Complications of Kyphoscoliosis with Report of a Case of Paroxysmal Auricular Fibrillation in a Patient with Severe Scoliosis , Am. J. M. Sc. 166:89, 1923. 46. Levine, S. A.: Auricular Fibrillation: Some Clinical Considerations , Am. J. M. Sc. 154:43, 1917. 47. Smith, F. J., and Clark, N. E.: Quinidine in the Treatment of Auricular Fibrillation—Established, Paroxysmal, and Transient , Arch. Int. Med. 36:839 ( (Dec.) ) 1925. 48. Parkinson and Campbell.6b 49. Weisman, S. A.: Auricular Fibrillation: Ambulatory Treatment with Quinidine , Arch. Int. Med. 49:728 ( (May) ) 1932. 50. Gold, H.; Otto, H. L., and Satchwell, H.: The Use of Quinidine in Ambulatory Patients for the Prevention of Paroxysms of Auricular Fibrillation and Auricular Flutter , Am. Heart J. 9:219, 1933. 51. Robinson, G. C.: Paroxysmal Auricular Fibrillation , Arch. Int. Med. 13:298 ( (Feb.) ) 1914. 52. Lewis, T.: The Mechanism and Graphic Registration of the Heart Beat , ed. 3, London, Shaw & Sons, Ltd., 1925, p. 387. 53. Carter, E. P.; Andrus, E. C., and Dieuaide, F. R.: A Consideration of the Cardiac Arrhythmias on the Basis of Local Circulatory Changes , Arch. Int. Med. 34:669 ( (Nov.) ) 1924. 54. de Boer, S.: Nature et origine de la fibrillation , Arch. d. mal. du cœur 20:137, 1927. 55. Andrus, E. C., and Carter, E. P.: The Refractory Period of the Normally Beating Dog's Auricle with a Note on the Occurrence of Auricular Fibrillation Following a Single Stimulus , J. Exper. Med. 51:357, 1930. 56. McEachern, D., and Baker, B. M.: Auricular Fibrillation: Etiology, Age, Incidence, and Production by Digitalis Therapy , Am. J. M. Sc. 183:35, 1932. 57. Yater, W. M.: Pathologic Changes in Auricular Fibrillation and in Allied Arrhythmias , Arch. Int. Med. 43:808 ( (June) ) 1929. 58. Gossage and Hicks.3 59. Fowler and Baldridge.12b 60. Bramwell.18 61. Patterson.7 62. Felberbaum and Finesilver.20a 63. Cowan.21 64. Mohler, H. K., and Crawford, B. L.: Pathological Changes in the Heart in Auricular Fibrillation , Am. J. M. Sc. 187:171, 1934. 65. Ritchie, W. T.: Auricular Flutter , London, E. W. Green & Son, Ltd., 1914. 66. Lewis, T.: Observations on a Curious and Not Uncommon Form of Extreme Acceleration of the Auricle: Auricular Flutter , Heart 4:171, 1912-1913. 67. Cowan, J.: Diseases of the Heart , Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1914, p. 207. 68. Parkinson, J., and Mathias, H. H.: Tachycardia of Auricular Origin and Flutter with Phasic Variation in Auricular Rate and in Conduction , Heart 6:27, 1915. 69. Blackford, J. M., and Willius, F. A.: Auricular Flutter , Arch. Int. Med. 21:147 ( (Jan.) ) 1918.Crossref 70. Keating, J. H., and Hajek, J.: Auricular Flutter with Report of Cases , Am. J. M. Sc. 164:656, 1922.Crossref 71. Scott, R. W.: A Case of Auricular Flutter with Paroxysmal Attacks of 1:1 Conduction , J. A. M. A. 79:1984 ( (Dec.) ) 1922.Crossref 72. Gallavardin, L.; Bonnamour, S., and Bernheim, M.: Un cas de flutter 1:1 , Arch. d. mal. du cœur 17:342, 1924. 73. Sprague, H. B., and White, P. D.: Auricular Flutter: Report of a Case of Five Years' Duration with Spontaneous Restoration to Normal Rhythm , J. A. M. A. 90:1772 ( (June 2) ) 1928.Crossref 74. Bourne, G.: Three Cases of Paroxysmal Auricular Flutter , Lancet 1:686, 1933.Crossref 75. Mackenzie, J.: Diseases of the Heart , ed. 4, New York, Oxford University Press, 1925. 76. Parkinson, J., and Bedford, D. E.: The Course and Treatment of Auricular Flutter , Quart. J. Med. 21:21, 1927.Crossref 77. Wilson, F. N.; Wishart, S. W.; MacLeod, A. G., and Barker, P. S.: A Clinical Type of Paroxysmal Tachycardia of Ventricular Origin in Which Paroxysms Are Induced by Exertion , Am. Heart J. 8:155, 1933.Crossref 78. Levine, S. A., and Sturgis, C. C.: Hyperthyroidism Masked as Heart Disease , Boston M. & S. J. 190:233, 1924. 79. Levine, S. A.: Unrecognized Hyperthyroidism Masked as Heart Disease , Ann. Int. Med. 4:67, 1930. 80. Wohl, M. G.: Hyperthyroidism Masked as Hypertension: Auricular Flutter , M. Clin. North America 17:751, 1933. 81. Mackenzie.1 82. Parkinson and Campbell.6b 83. Mackenzie.42 84. Parkinson and Bedford.43 85. Cases 23 and 24 of auricular fibrillation correspond to cases 6 and 4 of auricular flutter. 86. Wolff, Parkinson and White ( Am. Heart J. 5:685, 1930). 87. Stroud, W. D.; LaPlace, L. B., and Reisinger, J. A.: The Etiology, Prognosis and Treatment of Auricular Fibrillation , Am. J. M. Sc. 183:48, 1932. 88. Cookson, H.: The Etiology and Prognosis of Auricular Fibrillation , Quart. J. Med. 23:309, 1930. 89. Sprague and White.40 90. Friedlander, R. D., and Levine, S. A.: Auricular Fibrillation and Auricular Flutter Without Evidence of Organic Heart Disease , New England J. Med. 211:624, 1934.

WEIL, CLARENCE K.

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1936.00170070039003pmid: N/A

Abstract Until recent years, recovery from pneumococcic meningitis was such a rare and exceptional event that the disease was generally regarded as fatal. Kolmer,1 Schottmüller2 and Jochman3 reported a mortality of 100 per cent, while Lubarsch4 and Frankel5 estimated the mortality as 99 per cent and 98 per cent, respectively. The first report of recovery was made by Jemma6 in 1896. By 1911, only seven cases with recovery had been reported.7 In 1923, Hallé8 reported one recovery following the use of antipneumococcus serum plus fixation abscess, and in the same year Netter and Césari9 reported a recovery due to the same treatment. In their report, for the first time, the type of pneumococcus was given. In 1928, Harkavy10 and Globus and Kasanin11 reported single cases and made a partial survey of the literature, describing seven cases in addition to their own.12 One of the patients recovered spontaneously; References 1. Kolmer, J. A.: Therap. Gaz. 44:697 ( (Oct.) ) 1920. 2. Schottmüller, quoted by Steinbrink, O.: Beitrag zur Heilbarkeit der Pneumokokken Meningitis , Therap. d. Gegenw. 71:188, 1925. 3. Jochman, quoted by Steinbrink, O.: Beitrag zur Heilbarkeit der Pneumokokken Meningitis , Therap. d. Gegenw. 71:188, 1925. 4. Lubarsch, quoted by Harkavy.10 5. Frankel, E., quoted by Harkavy.10 6. Jemma: Blumgarten's Jahresberichte, 1896. 7. Rolly, F.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 37:774, 1911.Crossref 8. Hallé, J.: Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. d. hôp. de Paris 47:757 ( (May 25) ) 1923. 9. Netter, A., and Césari, E.: Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. d. hôp. de Paris 47: 763 ( (May 25) ) 1923. 10. Harkavy, J.: Pneumococcus Meningitis: Recovery with Serum Therapy , J. A. M. A. 90:597 ( (Feb. 25) ) 1928.Crossref 11. Globus, J. H., and Kasanin, J. I.: Pneumococcus (Type IV) Meningitis: Report of a Case Treated by Forced Subarachnoid Drainage, with Recovery , J. A. M. A. 90:599 ( (Feb. 25) ) 1928.Crossref 12. Parkinson, P. J.: A Case of Postbasal Meningitis Due to Pneumococcus Lanceolatus , Brit. J. Child Dis. 1:112, 1904. 13. Culper, R. C.: Primary Cryptogenic Pneumococcus Cerebrospinal Meningitis, with a Report of Three Cases , M. Rec. 68:815, 1905. 14. Cumming, J. H.: A Case of Pneumococcus Cerebrospinal Meningitis , Lancet 2:1924, 1912. 15. Rosenow, G.: Heilung der Pneumokokken Meningitis durch Optochin , Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 46:9 ( (Jan. 1) ) 1920.Crossref 16. Campbell, J.: Pneumococcus Meningitis , Lancet 1:54, 1925.Crossref 17. Ratnoff, H. L., and Litvak, A. M.: Pneumococcus Meningitis Treated with Morgenoroth's Optochin Hydrochloride , Arch. Pediat. 43:466 ( (July) ) 1926. 18. Brown, A. C.: Pneumococcal Meningitis with Recovery , Lancet 2:519 ( (Sept. 16) ) 1916.Crossref 19. Ervin, C. E.: Pneumococcus Cerebrospinal Meningitis with Recovery , Atlantic M. J. 28:590 ( (June) ) 1925. 20. Bedell, C. C.: Pneumococcic Meningitis: Report of a Case with Recovery Following Cisternal Drainage , J. A. M. A. 102:820 ( (March 17) ) 1934.Crossref 21. Reveno, W. S., and McLaughlin, N.: Pneumococcus Meningitis: Recovery with Felton's Serum , Ann. Int. Med. 7:1026 ( (Feb.) ) 1934.Crossref 22. Synge, V. M.: Pneumococcal Meningitis , Lancet 1:761 ( (April 10) ) 1926. 23. Weinberg, M. H.: Case of Pneumococcus (Type III) Meningitis Treated with Potassium Permanganate—Recovery; Plea for Its Trial , J. Nerv & Ment. Dis. 74:38 ( (July) ) 1931. 24. Netter.9 25. Ratnoff.12f 26. Harkavy.10 27. Globus and Kasanin.11 28. Amesse, J. W.: Pneumococcic Meningitis: Report of Case with Recovery , Colorado Med. 28:361 ( (Aug.) ) 1931. 29. Bauer, J. T., and St. Clair, H.: Pneumococcus Types in Acute Mastoiditis and "Primary" Pneumococcus Meningitis , J. A. M. A. 90:1429 ( (May 5) ) 1928.Crossref 30. Clark, J. G.: Recovery from Pneumococcal Meningitis , Lancet 2:1330 ( (Dec. 17) ) 1932.Crossref 31. Stoessinger, H. N.: Recovery from Pneumococcus Meningitis , Brit. J. Child. Dis. 27:35 ( (Jan.-March) ) 1930. 32. Uhr, J. S.: Pneumococcus Meningitis: Report of Case in New-Born Infant, with Recovery , Arch. Pediat. 46:121 ( (Feb.) ) 1929. 33. Shuller, E. H.: Pneumococcic Meningitis: Case Reports with One Recovery , J. Oklahoma M. A. 25:137 ( (April) ) 1932. 34. Kolmer, J. A.: Newer Methods for the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Meningitis with Special Reference to Streptococcus and Pneumococcus Meningitis , Laryngoscope 42:12 ( (Jan.) ) 1932.

READ, J. MARION;BARNETT, CHARLES W.

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1936.00170070046004pmid: N/A

Abstract In their classic descriptions of thyrotoxicosis a century ago, Graves and Basedow each recorded tachycardia as a major manifestation of the syndrome. Eighty years later, when clinical calorimetry became established as a laboratory aid in the diagnosis of exophthalmic goiter, it was discovered that a relationship existed between the pulse rate and the metabolism. Benedict commented on this parallelism in his early reports, and in 1920 Sturgis and Tompkins1 published a study of the correlation between the pulse rate and the basal metabolism in cases of hyperthyroidism. That this relationship is not peculiar to thyroid disease but is associated with the consumption of oxygen was shown by Minot and Means.2 These workers studied the basal metabolic rate and pulse rate in a series of patients with leukemia and in a series of patients with thyrotoxicosis, and demonstrated that in both conditions the pulse rate varied with the consumption References 1. Sturgis, C. C., and Tompkins, E. H.: A Study of the Correlation of the Basal Metabolism and Pulse Rate in Patients with Hyperthyroidism , Arch. Int. Med. 26:467 ( (Oct.) ) 1920.Crossref 2. Minot, G. R., and Means, J. H.: The Metabolism-Pulse Rates in Exophthalmic Goiter and in Leukemia , Arch. Int. Med. 33:576 ( (May) ) 1924.Crossref 3. Benedict, F. G.; Miles, W. R.; Roth, P., and Smith, H. M.: Publication 280, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1919. 4. Read, J. M.: Correlation of Basal Metabolic Rate with Pulse Rate and Pulse Pressure , J. A. M. A. 78:1887 ( (June 17) ) 1922.Crossref 5. Read, J. M.: Basal Pulse Rate and Pulse Pressure Changes Accompanying Variations in the Basal Metabolic Rate , Arch. Int. Med. 34:553 ( (Oct.) ) 1924.Crossref 6. Gale, A. M., and Gale, C. H.: Estimation of the Basal Metabolic Rate . Lancet 1:1287 ( (June 13) ) 1931.Crossref 7. Jenkins, R. L.: Basal Metabolism: II. The Basal Pulse Complex , Arch. Int. Med. 49:188 ( (Feb.) ) 1932.Crossref 8. Umber, F.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 58:1279 ( (Aug. 12) ) 1932.Crossref 9. Habs, H.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 59:333 ( (March 3) ) 1933. 10. Bertheau, H.: München. med. Wchnschr. 80:453, 1933. 11. Hartleben: München. med. Wchnschr. 80:1013, 1933. 12. Kemény, E.: Wien. klin. Wchnschr. 46:617, 1933. 13. Bernhardt, H.: Med. Welt 7:581, 1933. 14. Rosenberg, M.: Med. Welt 7:184, 1933. 15. Olmes, H.: Klin. Wchnschr. 12:1252 ( (Aug. 12) ) 1933.Crossref 16. Boger, A., and Voit, K.: Klin. Wchnschr. 12:1642 ( (Oct. 21) ) 1933.Crossref 17. Neumann, H.: Klin. Wchnschr. 12: 1444 ( (Sept. 16) ) 1933.Crossref 18. Kemény, E.: Orvosi hetil. 76: 653 ( (July 23) ) 1932. 19. Hank, S.: Orvosi hetil. 77:590 ( (July 8) ) 1933. 20. Balázsy, D.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 59:1433, 1933. 21. Olmes, H.: Arch. d. méd., cir. y especialid. 36:645 ( (June 10) ) 1933. 22. Schor, D.: România med. 11:229, 1933. 23. Balázsy, D.: Aerztl. Nachrichten , no. (16) , 1933. 24. Habs, H.: München. med. Wchnschr. 80:1260, 1933. 25. Fine, A.: M. J. & Rec. 138:221, 1933. 26. Herzfeld, E., and Frieder, A.: Arch. f. Verdauungskr. 55:199, 1934. 27. Rachman, V. J.: Acta med. Scandinav. 83:95, 1934. 28. Grollman, A.: The Cardiac Output of Man in Health and Disease , Springfield, Ill., Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1932, p. 234. 29. Davies, H. W.; Meakins, Jonathan, and Sands, J.: The Blood Gases and Circulation Rate in Hyperthyroidism , Heart 11:299, 1925. 30. Liljestrand, G., and Stenström, N.: Blood Flow and Blood Pressure in Exophthalmic Goiter , Acta med. Scandinav. 63:99, 1925. 31. Fullerton, C. W., and Harrop, G. A.: Cardiac Output in Hyperthyroidism , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 46:203, 1930. 32. Murlin, J. R., and Greer, J. R.: The Relation of Heart Action to the Respiratory Metabolism , Am. J. Physiol. 33:253, 1914. 33. Erlanger, J. and Hooker, D. R.: An Experimental Study of Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure in Man , Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rep. 12:145, 1904. 34. Sandiford, I.: Am. J. Physiol. 51:407, 1920. 35. Snell, A. M.; Ford, F., and Rowntree, L. G.: Studies in Basal Metabolism , J. A. M. A. 75:515 ( (Aug. 21) ) 1920. 36. Boothby, W. M.: M. Clin. North America 3:603 ( (Nov.) ) 1919. 37. Bowen, B. D., and Boothby, W. M.: J. Urol. 1:469, 1917. 38. Read, J. M., and Barnett, C. W.: New Formulae for Prediction of Basal Metabolism from Pulse Rates and Pulse Pressure , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 31:723, 1934. 39. Read.4 40. 5 41. Jenkins.7 42. Rabinowitch, I. M.: Prediction of Basal Metabolism from Pulse Pressure and Pulse Rate , Canad. M. A. J. 32:135 ( (Feb.) ) 1935. 43. Davies, H. W., and Eason, J.: The Relation Between the Basal Metabolic Rate and the Pulse Pressure in Conditions of Disturbed Thyroid Function , Quart. J. Med. 18:36, 1924. 44. Sonderstrom, G. F.; Meyer, A. L., and DuBois, E. F.: Clinical Calorimetry: XI. , Arch. Int. Med. 17:872 ( (June) ) 1916. 45. Gephart, F. C., and DuBois, E. F.: Clinical Calorimetry: IV. Arch. Int. Med. 15:835 ( (June) ) 1915. 46. Wishart, G. M.: The Variability of Basal Metabolism , Quart. J. Med. 20:193, 1927. 47. Jenkins, R. L.: The Error of Basal Metabolism Determination and the Normal Range of Basal Metabolism , Arch. Int. Med. 49:181 ( (Feb.) ) 1932.Crossref

BOOTH, GEORGE;STRANG, JAMES M.

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1936.00170070058005pmid: N/A

Abstract The weight of a person is dependent on the balance of the intake and the output of energy. There is, however, no information which explains why some persons are contented with an intake equal to their energy output while others choose an excessive or a deficient intake of food. It is possible that the sensation of satiety is the controlling factor in making this choice. The physiologic reactions which are the components of this sensation have not been fully established. The production of heat resulting from the ingestion of food is well known, and it is conceivable that the sudden change in the rate of production of heat by the body during a meal may bear some relation to the sensation of satiety. The disposition of the heat, particularly its dissipation, may be of importance in this relationship. One factor of the dissipation of heat is reflected in the changes References 1. Talbot, F. B.: Skin Temperatures of Children , Am. J. Dis. Child. 42:965 ( (Oct.) ) 1931. 2. McClure, W. B., and Sauer, L. W.: The Influence of Clothing on the Surface Temperature of Infants , Am. J. Dis. Child. 10:425 ( (Dec.) ) 1915. 3. Keller, C., quoted by Cobet, R.: Die Hautemperatur des Menschen , Ergebn. d. Physiol. 25:439, 1926.Crossref 4. The observations were made with a Tycos dermotherm, which was supplied by the Taylor Instrument Company, Rochester, N. Y. 5. Benedict, F. G.: Measurement of the Skin Temperature of Humans , Leopoldina , no. (4) , 1929, p. 129. 6. Goodwin, H. M.: Precision of Measurements and Graphical Methods , New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1913, p. 21. 7. Strang, J. M., and McClugage, H. B.: The Specific Dynamic Action of Food in Abnormal States of Nutrition , Am. J. M. Sc. 182:49, 1931.Crossref 8. Bazett, H. C.: Physiological Responses to Heat , Physiol. Rev. 7:531, 1927.

QUICK, ARMAND J.

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1936.00170070069006pmid: N/A

Abstract A satisfactory test of the function of the liver should (1) detect and estimate hepatic insufficiency, (2) aid in a differential diagnosis, (3) have prognostic usefulness and (4) contribute toward a better understanding of the physiology of the liver. With these objectives, the synthesis of hippuric acid: (benzoic acid + amino-acetic acid = hippuric acid) was studied both experimentally and clinically.1 It was observed that the hourly rate of excretion of hippuric acid in normal persons following the ingestion of sodium benzoate is remarkably constant, being influenced only somewhat by the size of the subject or, more exactly, by the surface area. In certain types of disease of the liver, however, the output of hippuric acid is markedly reduced. This reduction is due primarily to the diminished capacity of the liver to synthesize amino-acetic acid and in part to damage of the enzymatic mechanism which unites benzoic acid with amino-acetic acid. In References 1. Quick, A. J.: The Study of Benzoic Acid Conjugation in the Dog with a Direct Quantitative Method for Hippuric Acid , J. Biol. Chem. 67:477 ( (Feb.) ) 1926 2. The Conjugation of Benzoic Acid in Man , Quick J. Biol. Chem. 92:65 ( (June) ) 1931 3. On the Chemistry of the Conjugation of Benzoic Acid , Quick J. Biol. Chem. 95:189 ( (Feb.) ) 1932 4. The Site of the Synthesis of Hippuric Acid and Phenylacetic Acid in the Dog , Quick J. Biol. Chem. 96:73 ( (April) ) 1932. 5. Quick, A. J., and Cooper, M. A.: The Effect of Liver Injury on the Conjugation of Benzoic Acid in the Dog , J. Biol. Chem. 99:119 ( (Dec.) ) 1932 6. The Synthesis of Hippuric Acid: A New Test of Liver Function , Am. J. M. Sc. 185:630 ( (May) ) 1933.Crossref 7. Vaccaro, P.: The Synthesis of Hippuric Acid: Its Value in Detecting Hepatic Damage Secondary to Diseases of the Extrahepatic Biliary System , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 61:36 ( (July) ) 1935. 8. Quick, A. J.: The Relationship Between Complement and Prothrombin , J. Immunol. 29:87 ( (Aug.) ) 1935. 9. Shorr, E.; Richardson, H. B., and Wolff, H. G.: Endogenous Glycine Formation in Myopathies and Graves' Disease , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 31:207 ( (Nov.) ) 1933. 10. Hirsheimer, A.: Personal communication to the author. 11. Quick.1 12. Shorr, Richardson and Wolff.4 13. Freiber, I. K., and West, E. S.: Glycine Synthesis in Pseudohypertrophic Dystrophy , J. Biol. Chem. 101:449 ( (July) ) 1933. 14. Linneweh, W., and Linneweh, F.: Zur Frage des Glykokollmangels und der Glykokolltherapie bei progressiver Muskeldystrophie , Deutsches Arch. f. klin. Med. 176:526, 1934. 15. Banks, B. M.; Sprague, P. H., and Snell, A. M.: Clinical Evaluation of the Galactose Tolerance Test , J. A. M. A. 100:1987 ( (June 24) ) 1933 16. Quick, A. J.: A New Concept of the Significance of Uric Acid in Clinical Medicine , M. Clin. North America 17:1325 ( (March) ) 1934 17. The Effect of Exercise on the Excretion of Uric Acid with a Note on the Influence of Benzoic Acid on Uric Elimination in Liver Diseases , J. Biol. Chem. 110:107 ( (June) ) 1935. 18. Senator, H.: Ueber die Wirkung der Benzoesaure bei der rheumatischen Polyarthritis , Ztschr. f. klin. Med. 1:243, 1879. 19. Althausen, T. L.: Dextrose Therapy in Diseases of the Liver , J. A. M. A. 100:1163 ( (April 15) ) 1933. 20. Bollman, J. L., and Mann, F. C.: Experimentally Produced Lesions of the Liver , Ann. Int. Med. 5:699 ( (Dec.) ) 1931.

GURNEY, RAMSDELL

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1936.00170070082007pmid: N/A

Abstract Definite progress in the treatment of obesity has been made in recent years. Studies in water balance, a better understanding of the glands of internal secretion and their function, a more intelligent conception of dietary requirements and, finally, the pressure of modern fashion, which sends so many stout women to the physician, have all made important contributions to this progress. Yet, when one attempts to classify many cases of obesity, either on an etiologic or on a clinical basis, confusion and uncertainty remain. As early as 1910 Lyon1 clearly indicated this difficulty, and Jarlov,2 in his exhaustive work, well illustrated the disagreement and difficulties in classification, even when the etiology was entirely disregarded. If etiology is considered, there is even more confusion. The arguments for endogenous obesity versus exogenous obesity are familiar.3 The appetite theory, the relationship of occupation to obesity and the depression of metabolism4 References 1. Lyon, I. P.: Adiposis and Lipomatosis , Arch. Int. Med. 6:28 ( (July) ) 1910.Crossref 2. Jarlov, E.: The Clinical Types of Abnormal Obesity , Acta med. Scandinav. , (supp. 42) , 1932, p. 5. 3. Newburgh, L. H., and Johnston, M. W.: Endogenous Obesity: A Misconception , Ann. Int. Med. 3:815 ( (Feb.) ) 1930.Crossref 4. Eidelsberger, Joseph: Obesity with Special Reference to Endocrinopathic Origin , Ann. Int. Med. 3:604 ( (Dec.) ) 1929.Crossref 5. Silver, S., and Bauer, J.: Obesity, Constitutional or Endocrine , Am. J. M. Sc. 181:769 ( (June) ) 1931.Crossref 6. Bowen, B. D.; Griffith, F. R., Jr., and Sly, G. E.: The Effect of a High Fat Meal on the Respiratory Quotient and Heat Production of Normal and Obese Individuals , J. Nutrition 8:432, 1934. 7. Davenport, C. B.: Body-Build and Its Inheritance , Washington, D. C., Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1923. 8. Conklin, E. G.: Heredity and Environment , ed. 3, Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press, 1920, p. 107.

ROSENBLATT, MILTON B.

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1936.00170070087008pmid: N/A

Abstract Recovery from amyloidosis in a patient with chronic progressive pulmonary tuberculosis is a clinical curiosity. While it is true that experimentation with animals1 and clinical observation2 have repeatedly demonstrated that amyloid tissue can undergo spontaneous absorption if the causative agent is removed, unfortunately the tuberculous patient with amyloidosis rarely recovers from the primary process. The following is a report of a case of clinical cure of generalized amyloidosis secondary to extensive pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous pyothorax. The patient has been under my observation for the past four years, during which time the entire cycle of development and regression of the amyloid process has been carefully followed. A. K., a 34 year old man, was admitted to the country sanatorium of the REPORT OF CASE Montefiore Hospital in August 1931, with a history of a productive cough and fever of five months' duration. Examination disclosed a fibrocaseous infiltration of the References 1. Kuczynski, M. H.: Neue Beiträge zur Lehre vom Amyloid , Klin, Wchnschr. 2:727 ( (April 16) ) 1923Crossref 2. Weitere Beiträge zur Lehre vom Amyloid , Kuczynski Klin, Wchnschr. 2:2193 ( (Nov. 26) ) 1923.Crossref 3. Fagge, C.: The Principles and Practice of Medicine , Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1886, vol. 2, p. 489. 4. Gairdner, W., in discussion on Delafield, F.: Diseases of the Kidneys , Tr. A. Am. Physicians 6:149, 1891. 5. Herringham, W. P.: Kidney Diseases , New York, Oxford University Press, 1912, p. 353. 6. Walker, G. F.: Case of Recovery from Amyloid Disease , Lancet 2:120 ( (July 21) ) 1928.Crossref 7. Rosenblatt, M. B.: Clinical Manifestations of Amyloidosis , Ann. Int. Med. 8:678 ( (Dec.) ) 1934.Crossref

LIEBERMAN, LOUIS M.;LEOPOLD, SIMON S.

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1936.00170070091009pmid: N/A

Abstract The optimistic reports of numerous foreign clinicians on the use of therapeutic pneumothorax in cases of lobar pneumonia and the encouraging results obtained by us in our first experimental study on dogs1 have prompted a number of American physicians to resort to artificial pneumothorax in the treatment of lobar pneumonia. The present clinical status of this procedure has recently been presented.2 No further experimental work on animals has been published, and no studies on patients have been made in an effort to explain the modus operandi of this treatment, except those of Blake, Howard and Hull.3 These authors studied the agglutinins of the serum of twenty-two patients and found that "agglutinins apparently appear in the blood just about the same as they do in the untreated cases." This is significant, because in some of the cases clinical recovery as judged by the usual criteria occurred as early References 1. Lieberman, L. M.,d Leopold, S. s. S.: peut apeutic Pneumothoraxperimental Lobar Pneumonia in Dogs , Am. J. M. Sc. 187:315 ( (March) ) 1934.Crossref 2. Leopold, S. S., and Lieberman, L. M.: The M.: Status of Artificial Artificial Pneumothoraxar Pneumonia , Ann. Int. Med. 9:19 ( (July) ) 1935.Crossref 3. Blake, F. G.: Howard, M. E., and Hull, W. S.: The Treatment of Lobar Pneumonia by Artificial Pneumothorax , Tr. A. Am. Physicians 49:119, 1934. 4. Boerner, F., and Mudd, S.: Determination of Phagocytic Power of Whole Blood or Plasma-Leukocyte Mixtures for Clinical or Experimental Purposes; Description of an Improved Method with Representative Findings , Am. J. M. Sc. 189:22, 1935.Crossref 5. Shingu, Susuo: Beitrag zur Physiologie des künstlichen Pneumothorax und seiner Wirkung auf die Lungentuberkulose , Beitr. z. Klin. d. Tuberk. 11:1, 1908.Crossref 6. White, W. C., and Gammon, A. M.: Some New Features of Interest About the Pulmonary Circulation and the Fate Therein of Intravenously Introduced Fats , Tr. Nat. A. Prev. Tuberc. 10:215, 1914. 7. Terrell, E. T.; Robertson, O. H., and Coggeshall, L. T.: Experimental Pneumococcic Lobar Pneumonia in the Dog: Method of Production and Course of the Disease , J. Clin. Investigation 12:393, 1933.Crossref

SINGER, HARRY A.;LEVY, HERMAN A.

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1936.00170070101010pmid: N/A

Abstract In 1924, Felty1 described the occurrence in five middle-aged adults of a syndrome characterized by chronic deforming arthritis, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, leukopenia and cutaneous pigmentation. Secondary anemia was present in all but one case, and in two patients low grade fever was detected. Felty apparently assumed that the clinical picture he had described had hitherto been unobserved in adults and offered two explanations for this unusual syndrome, namely, that the manifestations are part of one pathologic process, the counterpart in the adult of Still's disease of childhood, and that the syndrome is merely the confusion of two separate clinical entities, i. e., chronic arthritis and Banti's disease, occurring coincidentally in the same person. Felty favored the former explanation chiefly on the basis of the law of probability and concluded that he was dealing with a distinct clinical entity caused by a "noxa which simultaneously affects the joints, spleen and blood References 1. Felty, A. R.: Chronic Arthritis in the Adult, Associated with Splenomegaly and Leukopenia: A Report of Five Cases of an Unusual Clinical Syndrome , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 35:16 ( (Jan.) ) 1924. 2. Hanrahan, E. M., Jr., and Miller, S. R.: Effect of Splenectomy in Felty's Syndrome , J. A. M. A. 99:1247 ( (Oct. 8) ) 1932.Crossref 3. Singer, H. A.: The Etiology of Felty's and Related Syndromes , J. A. M. A. 101:2078 ( (Dec. 23) ) 1933. 4. Craven, E. B., Jr.: Splenectomy in Chronic Arthritis, Associated with Splenomegaly and Leukopenia (Felty's Syndrome) , J. A. M. A. 102:823 ( (March 17) ) 1934.Crossref 5. Price, A. E., and Schoenfeld, J. B.: Felty's Syndrome: Report of Case with Complete Post-Mortem Findings , Ann. Int. Med. 7:1230 ( (April) ) 1934.Crossref 6. Giffin, quoted by Price and Schoenfeld.5 7. Ward, quoted by Price and Schoenfeld.5 8. Still, G. F.: On a Form of Chronic Joint Disease in Children , Med.-Chir. Tr., London 80:47, 1896-1897. 9. Chauffard, A., and Ramond, F.: Des adénopathies dans le rhumatisme chronique infectieux , Rev. de méd., Paris 16:345 ( (May) ) 1896. 10. Bannatyne, G. A., and Wohlman, A. S.: Rheumatoid Arthritis: Its Clinical History, Etiology and Treatment , Lancet 1:1120 ( (April 25) ) 1896.Crossref 11. Delcourt, A.: Rhumatisme articulaire noueux chez les enfants , Rev. mens. d. mal. de l'enf. 16:329, 1898. 12. McCrae, T.: Arthritis Deformans: The Report of One Hundred and Ten Cases from the Johns Hopkins Hospital , J. A. M. A. 42:1 ( (Jan. 2) ) 1904.Crossref 13. Weber, F. P.: Still's Type of Chronic Joint Disease in Children and the So-Called "Tuberculous Rheumatism," Brit. J. Child. Dis. 2:208, 1905. 14. von Jaksch, A.: Arthritis urica, Megalosplenie und Leukopenie , Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 34:634, 1908.Crossref 15. Ibrahim, J.: Die chronische Arthritis im Kindesalter , Ztschr. f. orthop. Chir. 34:213, 1914. 16. Pollitzer, H.: Ueber chronischen Gelenkrheumatismus mit Drüsenschwellung und Milztumor (Typus Still-Chauffard) , Med. Klin. 10:1511 ( (Sept. 27) ) 1914. 17. Schmidt, R.: Ein Fall von Still-Chauffardscher Erkrankung , Med. Klin. 13:1076 ( (Oct. 7) ) 1917. 18. Goldstein, W.: Stillsches Krankheitsbild beim Erwachsenen , Med. Klin. 22:1527 ( (Oct. 1) ) 1926. 19. Herman, K.: Ueber Still-Disease , Klin. Wchnschr. 6:1807 ( (Sept. 17) ) 1927.Crossref 20. Vinkuroff, I. Y., and Levi, G. S.: Rare Clinical Cases of Chronic Diseases of Joints (Still-Chauffard Disease) , Odesskii med. zhur. 3:575 ( (Oct. 28) ) 1928. 21. Steinitz, H., and Casperfürstenheim, A.: Abortivform von Stillscher Krankheit mit Sclerodermie , Med. Klin. 26:700 ( (May 9) ) 1930. 22. Chevallier, P.: La maladie de Chauffard-Still et les syndromes voisins , Rev. de méd., Paris 47:77 ( (Feb.) ) 1930. 23. Chevallier, P., and Heuyer, G.: Syndrome rhumatismal et adénopathique atteignant les membres inférieurs et évoluant par poussées qui guérrissent (forme inférieure et attenuée de la maladie de Chauffard-Still) , Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. d. hôp. de Paris 54:65 ( (Jan.) ) 1930. 24. Weissenbach, R. J.; Françon, F.; Gerbay, F., and Robert, P.: Deux cas de syndrome de Chauffard-Still , Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. d. hôp. de Paris 55:172 ( (Jan.) ) 1931. 25. Weissenbach, R. J., and Françon, F.: Le syndrome de Chauffard-Still. Rhumatisme chronique fibreux déformant progressif avec adénopathies et splénomégalie. Sa place en nosologie , Presse méd. 39:1197 ( (Aug. 12) ) 1931. 26. Lemierre, A., and Mahoudeau-Campoyer, D.: Efficacité des injections intraveineuses de salicylate de soude dans un cas de maladie de Chauffard-Still , Gaz. d. hôp. 105:1029 ( (July 9) ) 1932. 27. Etienne, G.; Drouet, P. L.; Touyot, P., and Richon, J.: Un cas de maladie Chauffard-Still , Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. d. hôp. de Paris 56:1398 ( (Nov. 4) ) 1932. 28. Saad, B.: Un cas de maladie de Chauffard-Still , Bull. Soc. franç. de dermat. et syph. 39:757 ( (June) ) 1932. 29. Frugoni, C.: Morbo di Still-Chauffard , Policlinico (sez. prat.) 39:1077 ( (July 11) ) 1932. 30. Costa, A.: Un caso di sindrome di Still , Arch. per le sc. med. 56:161 ( (March) ) 1932. 31. Fieschi, A.: Poliartropatia subacuta tipo Still-Chauffard , Riforma med. 48:511 ( (April 2) ) 1932. 32. Giordano, C.: Contributo allo studio del morbo di Still-Chauffard , Arch. per le sc. med. 55:319 ( (July) ) 1931. 33. Kramsztyk, J.: Gelenkrheumatismus mit Lymphdrüsenschwellung (Still-Chauffard) , Pedjatrja polska 2:2, 1922. 34. Micheli, F.: Sur la maladie de Still-Chauffard , Acta rheumatol. 3:11 ( (Feb.) ) 1931. 35. Ocaranza, F.: A propósito de un caso de enfermedad frustrada de Chauffard-Still , Medicina, México 12:417 ( (Aug. 25) ) 1932. 36. Moltke, O.: Still's Disease in Adults , Ugesk. f. læger 95:737 ( (June 29) ) 1933. 37. Graber-Duvernay, J.: Six observations de syndrome de Chauffard-Still chez l'adulte , Acta med. Scandinav. 81:63, 1934.Crossref 38. Koeppe, H.: Ein Fall von "Still'scher Krankheit," Jahrb. f. Kinderh. 76:707, 1912. 39. Reimold, W., and Stoeber, T.: Beiträge zum Problem der Stillschen Krankheit , Monatschr. f. Kinderh. 31:597 ( (March) ) 1926. 40. Stöltzner: Stillsche Krankheit mit Sklerodermie , Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 50:1136, 1924. 41. Strauss, H.: Ueber Stillsche Krankheit , Med. Klin. 22:1247 ( (Aug. 13) ) 1926. 42. Stoye, W.: Ein Beitrag zur Ätiologie der Stillschen-Krankheit und der herdförmigen Sklerodermie , Ztschr. f. Kinderh. 41:538, 1926.Crossref 43. Bauer, J.: Die konstitutionelle Disposition zu inneren Krankheiten , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1917. 44. Muncke, A.: Ein Beitrag zur Pathologie der Stillschen Krankheit , Med. Klin. 20:1502 ( (Oct. 26) ) 1924. 45. Ponce,t A.: Rhumatisme tuberculeux ou pseudo-rhumatisme d'origine bacillaire , Gaz. d. hôp. 74:817 ( (July 25) ) 1901. 46. Edsall, D. L.: Concerning the Nature of Still's Type of Chronic Polyarthritis in Childhood , Arch. Pediat. 21:175, 1904. 47. Piske, J.: Zur Kenntnis der Stillschen Krankheit , Med. Klin. 9:1968 ( (Nov. 30) ) 1913. 48. Cozzolino, O.: Un caso di reumatismo articolare cronico tubercoloso in bambina (con la sintomatologia del morbo di Still) , Pediatria 21:401, 1913. 49. Longo, A.: Contributo allo studio della cosi detta malattia di Still , Riv. di clin. pediat. 15:225, 1917. 50. Pisek, G. R.: The Present Status of Still's Disease , Arch. Diagnosis 2:355, 1909. 51. Westmeyer, J.: Der chronische Gelenkrheumatismus im Kindesalter , Jahrb. f. Kinderh. 81:69, 1915. 52. Litchfield, H. R.: Still's Disease (Atrophic Arthritis) , Arch. Pediat. 39:107, 1922. 53. Iseke, G.: Zur Aetiologie der Stillschen Krankheit , Ztschr. f. Kinderh. 35:315 ( (June) ) 1923.Crossref 54. Johannson, N.: Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der "Still'schen Krankheit," Acta pædiat. 2:354, 1924.Crossref 55. Debré, R.; Broca, R., and Lamy, M.: Forme endocardique de la maladie de Still , Arch. de méd. d. enf. 33:212 ( (April) ) 1930. 56. Bennholdt-Thomsen, C.: Zur Stillschen Krankheit , Klin. Wchnschr. 13: 236 ( (Feb. 10) ) 1934. 57. Siegmund, H.: Ueber einige Reaktionen der Gefässwände und des Endokards bei experimentellen und menschlichen Allgemeininfektionen , Verhandl. d. deutsch. path. Gesellsch. 20:260, 1925. 58. Jaffé, R. H.: The Reticulo-Endothelial System , in Handbook of Hematology , edited by H. Downey, New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., to be published. 59. Jaffé, R. H.: Bone Marrow in Agranulocytosis (Pernicious Leukopenia) , Arch. Path. 16:611 ( (Nov.) ) 1933. 60. Clawson, B. J.: The Aschoff Nodule , Arch. Path. 8:664 ( (Oct.) ) 1929. 61. Archer, B. H.: Chronic Nonspecific Arthritis: Etiology and Treatment, with Special Reference to Vaccine Therapy , J. A. M. A. 102:1449 ( (May 5) ) 1934.Crossref 62. Hanrahan, E. M., Jr.: Personal communication to the authors.