Archives of Dermatology

TUFFANELLI, DENNY L.;WINKELMANN, R. K.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150005001pmid: 13778561

Abstract Scleroderma was described centuries ago, and yet today the physician has little to offer other than the diagnosis. The etiology remains obscure; the course is unpredictable, and therapy is of little benefit. The term "scleroderma" is limited, for literally it means merely "hard skin." Under this label are included disease processes varying from the sclerosis of a bit of skin to overwhelming systemic reactions terminating in rapid death. While innumerable case reports and reviews of scleroderma have appeared in the literature, we believed that a longterm clinical study, unique in the extremely large number of patients observed, would add to our knowledge of a poorly understood entity. Classification The classification of scleroderma used in the Section of Dermatology at the Mayo Clinic is as follows: Localized Morphea Generalized morphea Linear scleroderma En coup de sabre Hemiatrophy Systemic Acrosclerosis Diffuse sclerodermaIn this paper we will be concerned only with the References 1. Batsakis, J. G., and Johnson, H. A.: Generalized Scleroderma Involving Lungs and Liver with Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma , A.M.A. Arch. Path. 69:633-638 ( (June) ) 1960. 2. Beigelman, P. M.; Goldner, F., Jr., and Bayles, T. B.: Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) , New Engl. J. Med. 249:45-58 ( (July 9) ) 1953.Crossref 3. Bourne, F. M.; Howell, D. A., and Root, H. S.: Renal and Cerebral Scleroderma , Canad. M. A. J. 82:881-886 ( (April 23) ) 1960. 4. Boyd, J. A.; Patrick, S. I., and Reeves, R. J.: Roentgen Changes Observed in Generalized Scleroderma: Report of 63 Cases , A.M.A. Arch. Intern. Med. 94:248-258 ( (Aug.) ) 1954.Crossref 5. Calvert, R. J.; Barling, B.; Sopher, M., and Feiwel, M.: Systemic Scleroderma with Portal Hypertension , Brit. M. J. 1:22-25 ( (Jan. 4) ) 1958.Crossref 6. Curth, H. O.: Dermatofibrosis Lenticularis Disseminata and Osteopoikilosis , Arch. Derm. Syph. 30:552-560 ( (Oct.) ) 1934.Crossref 7. Ehrmann, S.: Über die Beziehung der Sklerodermie zu den autotoxischen Erythemen , Wien. Med. Wschr. 53:1097, 1903. 8. Farmer, R. G.; Gifford, R. W., Jr., and Hines, E. A., Jr.: Prognostic Significance of Raynaud's Phenomenon and Other Clinical Characteristics of Systemic Scleroderma: A Study of 271 Cases , Circulation 21:1088-1095 ( (June) ) 1960.Crossref 9. Forman, L., and Atkins, H.: Scleroderma and Carcinoma , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 51:935 ( (Nov.) ) 1958. 10. Goetz, R. H.: The Pathology of Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (Generalized Scleroderma), with Special References to Changes in the Viscera , Clin. Proc. 4:337-392 ( (Aug.) ) 1945. 11. Gonzalez, A.: Esclerosis sistemica progressiva—esclerodermia: Experiencia sobre 67 casos , Rev. Méd. Chile 87:498-516 ( (July) ) 1957. 12. Harvier, P., and Bonduelle, M.: Sclérodermie progressive avec calcification hépatosplénique , Presse Méd. 55:369-370 ( (June 4) ) 1947. 13. Hutchinson, J.: Cases Demonstrated at the Clinical Museum: Acro-Scleroderma Following Raynaud's Phenomena , Clin. J. 7:240 ( (Feb. 5) ) 1896. 14. Jonsson, S. M., and Houser, J. M.: Scleroderma (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis) Associated with Cancer of the Lung: Brief Review and Report of a Case , New Engl. J. Med. 255:413-416 ( (Aug. 30) ) 1956.Crossref 15. Leinwand, I.; Duryee, A. W., and Richter, M. N.: Scleroderma (Based on a Study of over 150 Cases) , Ann. Intern. Med. 41:1003-1041 ( (Nov.) ) 1954.Crossref 16. Meszaros, W. T.: The Colon in Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) , Amer. J. Roentgenol. 82:1000-1002 ( (Dec.) ) 1959. 17. Milbradt, W.: Atypische diffuse Sklerodermie mit Oslerschem Syndrom und Leberstörung , Derm. Wschr. 99:973-979 ( (July 28) ) 1934. 18. Miller, R. D.; Fowler, W. S., and Helmholz, F. H., Jr.: Scleroderma of the Lungs , Proc. Mayo Clin. 34:66-75 ( (Feb. 4) ) 1959. 19. Muller, S. A.; Brunsting, L. A., and Winkelmann, R. K.: Calcinosis Cutis: Its Relationship to Scleroderma , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. Syph. 80:15-21 ( (July) ) 1959.Crossref 20. O'Leary, P. A., and Waisman, M.: Acrosclerosis , Arch. Derm. Syph. 47:382-397 ( (March) ) 1943.Crossref 21. Osler, W.: On Diffuse Scleroderma, with Special Reference to Diagnosis, and to the Use of the Thyroid-Gland Extraction , J. Cutan. Dis. 16:49-67 ( (Feb.) ) 22. 127-134 (March) 1898. 23. Piper, W. N., and Helwig, E. B.: Progressive Systemic Sclerosis: Visceral Manifestations in Generalized Scleroderma , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 72:535-546 ( (Dec.) ) 1955.Crossref 24. Richter, R. B.: Peripheral Neuropathy and Connective Tissue Disease , J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol. 13:168-180 ( (Jan.) ) 1954.Crossref 25. Rosenthal, F. D.: Case Reports: Small Intestinal Lesions with Steatorrhea in Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) , Gastroenterology 32:332-342 ( (Feb.) ) 1957. 26. Rossier, P. H., and Hegglin-Volkmann, M.: Die Sklerodermie als internmedizinisches Problem , Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 84:1161-1167 ( (Oct. 9) ) 1954. 27. Schenkel, J. P.: Le poumon sclérodermique: Étude anatomo-clinique de cinq cas , Ann. Anat. Path. 5:32-69 ( (Jan.) -March) 1960. 28. Sellei, J.: The Diagnosis and Treatment of Scleroderma and Acrosclerosis, and Some of Their Kindred Diseases , Brit. J. Dermat. 46:523-536 ( (Dec.) ) 1934.Crossref 29. Sommerville, R. L.; Bargen, J. A., and Pugh, D. G.: Scleroderma of the Small Intestine , Postgrad. Med. 26:356-364 ( (Sept.) ) 1959. 30. Stafne, E. C., and Austin, L. T.: A Characteristic Dental Finding in Acrosclerosis and Diffuse Scleroderma , Amer. J. Orthodont. 30:25-29 ( (Jan.) ) 1944. 31. Štáva, Z.: Diffuse Scleroderma: A Clinical Study of 65 Cases , Dermatologica 117:135-147 ( (Sept.) ) 1958.Crossref 32. Štáva, Z.: Serum Proteins in Scleroderma , Dermatologica 117:147-153 ( (Sept.) ) 1958.Crossref 33. Tange, J. D.: Renal Lesions in Scleroderma: Clinical and Pathological Features , Australas. Ann. Med. 8:27-34 ( (Feb.) ) 1959. 34. Taylor, R. M., and Pacella, B. L.: The Electroencephalogram in Scleroderma , J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 109:42-47 ( (Jan.) ) 1949.Crossref 35. Thibierge, G., and Weissenbach, R.-J.: Concrétions calcaires sous-cutanées et sclérodermie , Ann. Derm. Syph. 42:129-155, 1911. 36. Tuffanelli, D. L.: Scleroderma: A 20-Year Study. Thesis, Graduate School, University of Minnesota, 1961. 37. von Bernuth, F.: Uber Sklerodermie, Osteopoikilie und Kalkgicht im Kindesalter , Z. Kinderhk. 54:103-116, 1932.Crossref 38. Weissmann, G.: Scleroderma Associated with Osteopoikilosis , A.M.A. Arch. Intern. Med. 101:108-113 ( (Jan.) ) 1958.Crossref 39. Windesheim, J. H., and Parkin, T. W.: Electrocardiograms of 90 Patients with Acrosclerosis and Progressive Diffuse Sclerosis (Scleroderma) , Circulation 17:874-881 ( (May) ) 1958.Crossref

SARKANY, I.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150018002pmid: 13746513

Abstract Quantitative and qualitative changes in the serum proteins are frequently found in both systemic and chronic discoid forms of lupus erythematosus (Lee and Davis, 1959; Cohen and Cadman, 1953), and systemic lupus erythematosus is specifically associated with antinuclear antibodies which play an important part in L.E. cell formation (Miescher et al., 1953). However, Miescher et al. (1960) have shown that the antinuclear immune reactions are not primarily responsible for the disease process and postulate that these are reflections of a general hyperactivity of the antibody-forming system of the body. This paper describes an attempt to measure the antibody-forming activity in lupus erythematosus under controlled conditions. Method Antibody-forming ability was assessed in terms of response to primary immunization with tetanus toxoid. The method has been widely used to study immune responses in various conditions (Greenwood et al., 1958; Cherrick et al., 1959; Wilkens and Tasman, 1959; Greenwood and Barr, 1960), and References 1. Cherrick, G. R.; Pothier, L.; Dufour, J.-J., and Sherlock, S.: New Engl. J. Med. 261:340, 1959.Crossref 2. Cohen, H., and Cadman, E. F. B.: Lancet 2:305, 1953. 3. Glenny, A. T., and Stevens, M. F.: J. Roy. Army Med. Corps 70:308, 1938. 4. Gold, S. C.: Brit. J. Derm. 72:231, 1960.Crossref 5. Greenwood, R., and Barr, M.: Ann. Phys. Med. 5:258, 1960. 6. Lee, L., and Davis, B. J.: A Mount Sinai Hospital Monograph on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus , New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1959, p. 37. 7. Marten, R. H., and Blackburn, E. K.: A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 73:1, 1956.Crossref 8. Miescher, P.; Fauconnet, M., and Béraud, T.: Exp. Med. Surg. 2:173, 1953. 9. Miescher, P. A.; Thomas, L.; Benacerraf, B.; Cooper, N. S.; Franklin, E., and Rothfield, N.: Brit. J. Derm. 72:221, 1960.Crossref 10. Wilkens, G. L., and Tasman, A.: Brit. Med. J. 1:1305, 1959.Crossref

FISHER, BENJAMIN K.;SMITH, J. GRAHAM;CROUNSE, ROBERT G.;ROTH, FRANK J.;BLANK, HARVEY

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150021003pmid: 13699934

Abstract Dermatophytic infections usually take the form of erythematosquamous, vesicular, or, less frequently, hyperkeratotic lesions. Any combination of these lesions can be seen. Rarely a verrucous, hyperkeratotic dermatitis deviating from the typical patterns occurs. An unusual case of an extensive verrucous dermatitis, due to Epidermophyton floccosum has been treated by us. Only one similar case caused by this organism was found mentioned in the recent literature.1 Report of a Case A 26-year-old Negro male bartender from Nassau, Bahamas, first noted in September, 1958, a small, scaly, pale lesion on the shaft of his penis, which did not respond to topical medications. His hip and neck became involved next with squamous patches, and the eruption progressively involved his trunk and extremities. Early in 1959 hyperkeratotic lesions appeared over his forehead and gradually spread to the supraorbital regions, nostrils, ears, and the upper lip. The patient was treated by several physicians and References 1. Sternberg, T. H.; Newcomer, V. D.; Reisner, R. M.; Homer, R. S., and Sorensen, L. J.: The Treatment of Superficial Fungus Infections in Man with Orally Administered Griseofulvin , Curr. Ther. Res. 1:1-16, 1959. 2. Bedford, C.; Child, K. J., and Tomich, E. G.: Spectrophotofluorometric Assay of Griseofulvin , Nature (Lond.) 184 ( (Supp. 6) ):364-365, 1959.Crossref 3. Weinstein, G. D., and Blank, H.: Quantitative Determination of Griseofulvin by a Spectrophotofluorometric Assay , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 81: 746-749, 1960.Crossref 4. Roth, F. J., Jr.; Sallman, B., and Blank, H.: In Vitro Studies of the Antifungal Antibiotic Griseofulvin , J. Invest. Derm. 33:403-418, 1959.Crossref 5. Franks, A. G., and Frank, S. B.: Extensive Verrucous Dermatitis Associated with Dermatophytosis and Onychomycosis Due to Trichophyton Gypseum , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. Syph. 63: 489-493, 1951.Crossref 6. Ferrabouc, L.; Sohier, R.; Henrion, J., and Goulene, F.: Mycose verruqueuse (présentation de malades) , Bull. Soc. Franc. Derm. Syph. 45: 4-7, 1938. 7. Hidano, A.: Disseminated Granulomatous Trichophytosis (in Japanese) , Hifuka No Rinsho 2:358-362, 1960. 8. De Oliveira, H.; Trincäo, R., and Leitão, A.: Tricofitose cutanea generalizada com infeccäo sistemica por trichophyton violaceum , J. Méd. (Pôrto) 41:629-642, 1960.

HYMAN, ARTHUR B.;LEIDER, MORRIS

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150027004pmid: 13717160

Abstract Introductory Statement Erythroplasiform lesions, particularly on mucous membranes, always present a complicated differential diagnostic problem. However, out of all the data on erythroplasia and interpretations of that data that have accumulated since the time (1911) of Queyrat,1 certain meaningful concepts about such processes have crystallized. By now conditions that look clinically like erythroplasia of Queyrat may be cast into 3 categories as follows. The Erythroplasia to Which the Eponym, Queyrat, May Properly Be Added.— This is an obligatory precancerosis (or an actual cancer in situ) that is a variant by Bowen's disease. Whatever clinical differences it shows from Bowen's disease in extragenital sites are accounted for by its location on mucous or mucocutaneous membranes. The histologic picture is distinctly malignant, and although the process may remain confined intraepidermally for a long time, it will terminate as frank prickle cell epithelioma with capacity to metastasize if left to itself untreated. References 1. Courtesy of Dr. George Blinick. 2. Courtesy of Dr. Henry C. Falk. 3. Queyrat, L.: Érythroplasie du gland , Bull. Soc. Franc. Derm. Syph. 22:378, 1911. 4. Zoon, J. J.: Balanoposthite chronique circonscrite bénigne à plasmocytes (contre érythroplasie de Queyrat) , Dermatologica (Basel) 105:1, 1952.Crossref 5. Blau, S., and Hyman, A. B.: Érythroplasia of Queyrat , Acta Dermatovener. (Stockh.) 35: 341, 1955. 6. Carteaud, A.; Meyer, J. J., and Lebrum, F.: Érythroplasie vulvaire , Bull. Soc. Franc. Derm. Syph. 57:321, 1950. 7. Fabre, M. M.: Érythroplasie vulvaire et cancer du col uterin , Bull. Soc. Franc. Derm. Syph. 39:897, 1932. 8. Keiss, L.: Über Erythroplasie (Queyrat) bei Kraurosis vulvae , Zbl. Haut. Geschlechtskr. 41: 304, 1932. 9. MacDonald, W. L.: Erythroplasia of Queyrat (in a Female) , Arch. Derm. Syph. 43:919, 1941. 10. Pautrier, L. M., and Danson, R.: Érythroplasie de la vulve , Dermatologica (Basel) 90:81, 1944.Crossref 11. Pautrier, L. M., and Woringer, F.: Épithelioma papillaire nu de la vulve (Érythroplasie) , Bull Soc. Franc. Derm. Syph. 38:1241, 1931. 12. Touraine, A.; Renault, P.; Gole, L., and Scemama: Érythroleucoplasie de la vulve , Bull. Soc. Franc. Derm. Syph. 43:1272, 1936. 13. Touraine, A.; Renault, P., and Herse, J.: Érythroplasie vulvaire en elements multiples avec kraurosis et leucoplasie , Bull. Soc. Franc Derm. Syph. 39:655, 1932. 14. Touraine, A., and Solente, G.: L'érythroplasie , Presse Med. 44:1830, 1936. 15. Touraine, A.; Solente, G., and Gisselbrecht, H.: Épithelioma sur érythroplasie bowenienne de la vulve , Bull. Soc. Franc. Derm. Syph. 43:1701, 1936. 16. Vigne, P., and Bonnet, J.: Érythroplasie vegetante trés étendu de la vulve , Marseille Med. 1:166, 1957. 17. Vigne, P.; Bourret, M., and Lombard, R.: Érythroplasie de la vulve et cancer de Bowen , Marseille Med. 1:159, 1937. 18. Grupper, C., and Warlin, M. A.: Vulvovaginite bénigne associée: Rôle favorable de la mycostatine , Bull. Soc. Franc. Derm. Syph. 63:421, 1956. 19. Garnier, G.: Benign Plasma Cell Erythroplasia , Brit. J. Derm. 69:77, 1957.Crossref 20. Lightstone, A. C., and Cohen, H. J.: Plasmocytic Mucosal Infiltrates in Multiple Myeloma , Arch. Derm. 82:921, 1960.Crossref

KNOX, JOHN M.;GEVER, S. GERALD;FREEMAN, ROBERT G.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150032005pmid: 13757224

Abstract At the 15th International Tuberculosis Conference1 held in Istanbul in September, 1959, considerable emphasis was placed on the occurrence of numerous cases of atypical acid-fast bacillus infections. Their emergence as a world-wide problem of increasing prevalence was recognized. The term "atypical," a title which implies variation from the "typical," was employed as an expedient, and it was hoped that this term will eventually be replaced by specific organism identification. Actually, these organisms are not unusual or atypical variations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but they are acid-fast bacilli, isolated from human sources, of undetermined taxonomic position which cannot be identified as a human or bovine variety of the tubercle bacillus. These organisms differ in many respects from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and increased efforts toward complete taxonomy and species identification are clearly indicated. It was concluded that the present level of knowledge in this field is substantially incomplete so as to preclude the References 1. Jenkins, D. E.: XV International Tuberculosis Conference in Istanbul, Sept. 14-19, 1959 , pp. 48-53. 2. Timpe, A., and Runyon, E. H.: Relationship of "Atypical" Acid-Fast Bacillus to Human Disease , J. Lab. Clin. Med. 44:202-209, 1954. 3. Runyon, E. H.: Anonymous Mycobacteria in Pulmonary Disease , Med. Clin. N. Amer. 43:273, 1959. 4. Cobbell, L.: An Acid-Fast Bacillus Obtained from a Pustular Eruption , Brit. Med. J. 2:158-159, 1918. 5. Cruz, J. DaC.: Mycobacterium Fortuitum: A New Acid-Fast Bacillus Pathogenic for Man , Acta Med. Rio de Janeiro 1:297-301, 1938. 6. MacCallum, P.; Tolhurst, J. C.; Buckle, G., and Sissons, H. A.: A New Mycobacterial Infection in Man , J. Path. Bac. 60: 93-122, 1948.Crossref 7. Moore, M., and Frerichs, J. B.: An Unusual Acid-Fast Infection of the Knee with Subcutaneous Abscess-Like Lesions of the Gluteal Region , J. Invest. Derm. 20:133-169, 1953. 8. Hellerstrom, S.: Collected Cases of Inoculation Lupus Vulgaris , Acta Dermatovener. Stockh. 31:194-211, 1951. 9. Cleveland, D. E. H.: Possible Tuberculosis Skin Infection from a Swimming Pool , Acta Dermatovener. 31:147-152, 1951. 10. Linell, F., and Norden, A.: Mycobacterium Balnei: New Acid-Fast Bacillus Occurring in Swimming Pools and Capable of Producing Skin Lesions in Humans , Acta Tuberc. Scandi. (Supp. 33) pp. 1-84, 1954. 11. Hall, W. H., and Manion, R. E.: Pulmonary Sarcoidosis with Ulcerating Cutaneous Nodules Caused by an Unusual Acid-Fast Bacillus , Transactions of the 15th Conference in Chemotherapy of TBC , 248-253, 1956. 12. Runyon, E. H.: Photochromogens Mycobacterial Pathogens , Transactions of the 16th Conference on Chemotherapy of TBC , 278, 1957. 13. Pillsbury, D. M.; Shelley, W. B., and Kligman, A. M.: Dermatology , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co., 1957, pp. 538-540. 14. Fenner, F.: Pathogenic Behavior of Mycobacterium Ulcerans and Mycobacterium Balnei in the Mouse and Developing Chick Embryo , Amer. Rev. TBC 73:650, 1956. 15. Brock, J. M.; Kennedy, C. B.; Clark, W. H., Jr.: Cutaneous Infection with Atypical Mycobacterium: Report of a Case , Arch. Derm. 82: 918-920, 1960.Crossref

DANIELS, FARRINGTON

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150038006pmid: 13719622

Abstract Photosensitivity is being recognized increasingly as an important factor in skin disease. Not only do photoallergic reactions occur without specific known etiology, but phototoxic and photoallergic reactions can be induced by many of the drugs which are being introduced into medical practice. Practical means of environmental control for protecting the patient from the ultraviolet or visible radiation to which he is sensitive is becoming increasingly important. Merely telling a patient to stay out of the sun and to avoid fluorescent lamps may produce an unnecessary degree of disability which can be avoided by paying attention to the spectral composition of the light which produces his disease and manipulating the environment appropriately. This paper discusses plastic filter materials which can be used to protect light-sensitive patients. In the past those individuals sensitive only to wavelengths shorter than 3,200 A. could be protected by window glass. However, the protection of individuals sensitive References 1. "Uvinuls" is the trade name of a series of benzophenone compounds marketed by Antara Chemical Company, a division of General Aniline and Film Company. Mr. C. H. Edgar, Jr., of the Celanese Corporation of America supplied Uvinuls in cellulose acetate. 2. Samples of window shade materials were supplied by Transplastic Shade Company of 6614 Melrose Ave., Los Angeles, through Window Products, Inc., of Portland, Ore. 3. Some of the "Mylar" was provided by the Film Department of the Dupont Company. 4. "Saran Wrap" is a trademark of the Dow Chemical Company. 5. Knox, S. M.; Guin, J., and Cockerell, E. G.: Benzophenones: Ultraviolet Light Absorbing Agents , J. Invest. Derm. 29:435, 1957.Crossref 6. Knox, J. M.: Personal communication to the author, May 12, 1958. 7. Birmingham, D. J.: Phototoxic Bullae Among Celery Harvesters , Arch. Derm. 83:73-87, 1961.Crossref 8. Stegmaier, O. C.: The Use of Methoxsalen in Sun tanning , J. Invest. Derm. 32:345-349, 1959.Crossref 9. Shaw, J.: Personal communication to the author.

STROUD, GEORGE M.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150042007

Abstract Now that steroids have been used for 12 years and are being used in some chronic conditions in high dosage, it seems worthwhile to report a case of primary systemic amyloidosis in which high steroid dosage severely aggravated and extended the course of herpes simplex. This is no surprise because steroids, particularly in high prolonged dosage, can increase the incidence and severity of infection due to bacteria,1 fungi,1,2 and viruses.1,3 The only mention in the literature that was found of clinical relationship between steroids and herpes simplex was by Wheeler who stated, in the discussion of his article,4 that he had seen at least one patient with eczema herpeticum as a recurrent infection in whom cortisone may have had something to do with the appearance of the widespread cutaneous eruption. He suggested that steroids may result in more widespread infection of the skin, just as they References 1. Antopol, W., and Quittner, H.: The Changing Pattern of Infectious Processes Under the Influence of Cortisone , J. Mount Sinai Hosp. N.Y. 19:91-105 ( (May) -June) 1952. 2. Burns, R. E.: Fungus Diseases as a Complication of Steroid Therapy , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 77:686-689 ( (June) ) 1958.Crossref 3. Shanbrom, E.; Miller, S., and Haar, H.: Herpes Zoster in Hematologic Neoplasias: Some Unusual Manifestations , Ann. Intern. Med. 53: 523-533 ( (Sept.) ) 1960.Crossref 4. Wheeler, C. E., and Canby, C. M.: Influence of Specific Antibody on Herpes Simplex Infections in Tissue Culture , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 79: 86-95 ( (Jan.) ) 1959.Crossref 5. Syverton, J. T.; Garabed, A. G., and Friedman, J.: Studies on Herpes Simplex Virus: III. The Effects of Roentgen and Radiation, Cortisone, and Gastric Mucin upon the Infectivity of Herpes Simplex Virus for Laboratory Mice , J. Infect. Dis. 96:9-13 ( (Jan.) -Feb.) 1955.Crossref 6. Jawetz, E.; Okumoto, M., and Sonne, M.: Studies on Herpes Simplex: The Effect of Cortisteroids on Herpetic Keratitis in the Rabbit , J. Immun. 83:486-490 ( (Nov.) ) 1959. 7. McCoy, G. A., and Leopold, I. H.: Steroid Treatment of Herpes Simplex Infections of the Cornea , Amer. J. Ophthal. 49:1355-1356 ( (June) ) 1960. 8. Wheeler, C. S.; Harvie, E. J., and Canby, C. M.: The Effect of Hydrocortisone on the Production of Herpes Simplex Virus in Tissue Culture , J. Invest. Derm. 36:89-97 ( (Feb.) ) 1961. 9. Blank, H., and Rake, G.: Viral and Rickettsial Diseases , Boston, Little, Brown & Company, 1955. 10. Vazquez, J. J., and Dixon, F. J.: Immunohistochemical Analysis of Amyloid by the Fluorescent Technique , J. Exp. Med. 104:727-736 ( (Nov.) ) 1956.Crossref 11. Gitlin, D.; Gross, P. A. M., and Janeway, C. A.: Gamma Globulins and Their Clinical Significance , New Engl. J. Med. 260:21-27 ( (Jan.) ) 1959.Crossref 12. Rukavina, J. G.; Block, W. D.; Jackson, C. E.; Falls, H. E.; Carey, J. G., and Curtis, A. C.: Primary Systemic Amyloidosis: A Review and an Experimental, Genetic, and Clinical Study of 29 Cases with Particular Emphasis on the Familial Form , Medicine 35:239-334 ( (Sept.) ) 1956.Crossref 13. Yaffee, H. S., and Greenberg, M. S.: Herpes Zoster Resembling Acute Varicella Associated with Multiple Myeloma , J.A.M.A. 175:1008-1010 ( (March 18) ) 1961.Crossref

HELDEMAN, MARVIN D.;SKOLNICK, MARVIN

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150048008pmid: 13713071

Abstract Erythema nodosum associated with tuberculosis has not been noted frequently in the United States.1 Beerman2 stated that American dermatologists believe erythema nodosum occurs in 2 forms—a disease entity per se, frequently associated with hilar adenopathy which clears when the cutaneous lesions disappear, and a symptomatic form which is secondary to streptococcal infections, dermatitis medicamentosa (sulfonamides, iodides, and bromides), sarcoidosis, coccidioidomycosis, lymphogranuloma venereum, and occasionally tuberculosis or other granulomas. In Scandanavia, however, tuberculosis has been accepted as a major etiological factor of erythema nodosum. Lofgren3 found that 58% of his patients had active tuberculosis. Most of these patients ranged in age from 15 to 24 years. Similarly, reports from the British literature show a frequent relationship between erythema nodosum and tuberculosis. Simpson,4 in 1950, stated that 75% of the cases in temperate climates were found in tuberculous patients. Lorber,5 in 1950, noted that tuberculosis was becoming References 1. Michelson, H. E.: Erythema Nodosum , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 77:546-553, ( (May) ) 1958.Crossref 2. Beerman, H. Erythema Nodosum , Amer. J. Med. Sci. 223:433-446 ( (April) ) 1952.Crossref 3. Lofgren, M.: Etiology and Pathogenesis of Erythema Nodosum and Erythema Induratum , Nord. Med. 46:1069-1072 ( (July 11) ) 1951. 4. Simpson, R. G.: Erythema Nodosum: Provocation Phenomenon , Dermatologica 101:94-107, 1950.Crossref 5. Lorber, J.: The Changing Aetiology of Erythema Nodosum in Children , Arch. Dis. Child. 33:137-141 ( (April) ) 1958.Crossref 6. Vesey, C. M., and Wilkinson, D. S.: Erythema Nodosum: A Study of 70 Cases , Brit. J. Derm. 71:139-155 ( (April) ) 1959.Crossref 7. Forshaw, J. W. B.: Cardiac Involvement in Erythema Nodosum Associated with Pulmonary Tuberculosis , Brit. Heart J. 21:142-144 ( (Jan.) ) 1959.Crossref

SAMITZ, M. H.;GROSS, SIDNEY

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150050009pmid: 13745915

Abstract This report is a continuation of previous investigations dealing with the effects of chromium compounds on the skin.1-3 The purpose of the present study is to report the effects of hexavalent and trivalent chromium compounds in clinical and laboratory studies of the role of chromium compounds in shoe leather dermatitis, of absorption of hexavalent and trivalent chromium compounds in the skin of guinea pigs, and of conjugation between chromium salts with various proteins and the inactivation of chromium reactions. I. Chromium Compounds in the Causation of Shoe Leather Dermatitis In the most recent study,4 we demonstrated the capacity of human sweat to extract chromium from chrome-tanned leathers. The findings support the observations reported by leather chemists. The chromium compounds extracted were both hexavalent and trivalent, as shown by polarographic studies. The nature of the chromium extracted was determined by spectrophotometric analyses; the trivalent chromium is in the form References 1. Supplied through the courtesy of George E. Morris, M.D. 2. Polarographic studies performed by S. Katz. 3. Samitz, M. H.: Some Dermatologic Aspects of the Chromate Problem , A.M.A. Arch. Industr. Health 11:361-367 ( (May) ) 1955. 4. Samitz, M. H.: Studies of Chromate Dermatitis , A.M.A. Arch. Industr. Health 14:269-271 ( (Sept.) ) 1956. 5. Samitz, M. H., and Pomerantz, H.: Studies of the Effects on the Skin of Nickel and Chromium Salts , A.M.A. Arch. Industr. Health 18:473-479 ( (Dec.) ) 1958. 6. Samitz, M. H., and Gross, S.: Extraction by Sweat of Chromium from Chrome Tanned Leathers , J. Occup. Med. 2:12-14 ( (Jan.) ) 1960. 7. Samitz, M. H.; Katz, S., and Gross, S.: Nature of the Chromium Extracted from Leather by Sweat , J. Occup. Med. 2:435-436 ( (Sept.) ) 1960. 8. Morris, G. E.: Cross-Sensitization of the Feet and Hands Due to Chrome-Tanned Leather Shoes and Gloves , New Engl. J. Med. 257:567 ( (Sept. 19) ) 1957.Crossref 9. Walsh, E. N.: Report of the Council on Industrial Health: Chromate Hazards in Industry , J.A.M.A. 153:1305-1308 ( (Dec. 5) ) 1953.Crossref 10. Denton, C. R.; Keenan, R. G., and Birmingham, D. J.: The Chromium Content of Cement and Its Significance in Cement Dermatitis , J. Invest. Derm. 3:189-191 ( (Sept.) ) 1954.Crossref 11. Bett, D. C. G.: The Potassium Dichromate Patch Test , Trans. St. John's Hosp. Derm. Soc. No. (40) pp. 40-48, 1958. 12. Samitz, M. H.: Unpublished data. 13. Shatin, H., and Reisch, M.: Dermatitis of Feet Due to Shoes , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. Syph. 69:651-666 ( (June) ) 1954.Crossref 14. Fisher, A. A.: Some Practical Aspects of the Diagnosis and Management of Shoe Dermatitis , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 79:267-274 ( (March) ) 1959.Crossref 15. Loewenthal, L. J. A.: Reactions in Green Tattoos , Arch. Derm. 82:237-243 ( (Aug.) ) 1960.Crossref 16. Samitz, M. H.; Gross, S., and Flesch, P.: Studies of the Concentrations of Chromium Salts in the Skin of Guinea Pigs , J. Occup. Med. , to be published. 17. MacKenzie, R. D.; Byerrum, R. U.; Decker, C. F.; Hoppert, C. A., and Langham, R. F.: Chronic Toxicity Studies: II. Hexavalent and Trivalent Chromium Administered in Drinking Water to Rats , A.M.A. Arch. Industr. Health , 18:232-234 ( (Sept.) ) 1958. 18. Hueper, W. C., and Payne, W. W.: Experimental Cancers in Rats Produced by Chromium Compounds and Their Significance to Industry and Public Health , Industr. Hyg. J. 20:274-280 ( (Aug.) ) 1959.Crossref 19. Szakall, A.: Über die Eigenschaften, Herkunft und physiologischen Funktionen der die H-Ionenkonzentration bestimmenden Wirkstoffe in der verhornten Epidermis , Arch. Klin. Exp. Derm. 201:331-360, 1955.Crossref 20. Röckl, H.; Spier, H. W., and Pascher, G.: Der Einfluss wasserlöslicher Bestandteile der Hornschicht auf Bakterien , Arch. Klin. Exp. Derm. 205:420-434, 1957.Crossref 21. Samitz, M. H.; Gross, S., and Katz, S.: Chromium Protein Complexes, Unpublished data. 22. Magnus, I. A.: The Conjugation of Nickel, Cobalt, Hexavalent Chromium, and Eosin with Protein as Shown by Paper Electrophoresis , Acta. Dermatovener. (Stockh.) 38:20-31, 1958. 23. Samitz, M. H.; Gross, S., and Katz, S.: Inactivation of Chromate Ion in Allergic Eczematous Dermatitis , J. Invest. Dermat. , to be published. 24. Jaeger, H., and Pelloni, E.: Tests epicutanes aux bichromates, positifs dans l'eczema au ciment , Dermatologica (Basel) 100:207-216, 1950.Crossref 25. Hilt, G.: La dermite du chrome hexavalent dans le cadre des dermites eczémateuses par sensibilisation aux metaux , Dermatologica (Basel) 109:143-174 ( (Sept.) ) 1954.Crossref

BAUER, MARJORIE FRANTZ;HEWITT, WILLIAM L.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150056010pmid: 13687930

Abstract When Pseudomonas aeruginosa is cultured from the blood or from the sputum in sufficient number, there is seldom any hesitancy in attributing the concurrent septicemia or pneumonia to this organism. In those areas accessible to air-borne contaminants, it has been accepted as the causative agent in certain cases of external otitis and in paronychial infection accompanied by blue-black nails1 (Fig. 1) and as a secondary invader of burns. Paradoxically, it is almost never accepted as a pathogen in other lesions of skin from which it is cultured. The occurrence of skin lesions from which Pseudomonas can be cultured during the course of Pseudomonas septicemia lends credence to the belief that this organism may be a pathogen in glabrous skin. This occurrence is well documented by Forkner, Frei, Edgcomb, and Utz,2 who classify the skin lesions occurring during Pseudomonas septicemia as follows: Ecthyma gangrenosa. These were round, indurated, ulcerated areas with References 1. This case is reprinted from the German literature with the permission of Zeitschrift für Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten and of the author, Professor Hasselmann,4 of Erlangen, Germany. 2. Bauer, M. F., and Cohen, H.: The Role of Pseudomonas in Infections About the Nails , A.M.A. Arch. Dermat. 75:394-396 ( (March) ) 1957.Crossref 3. Forkner, C. E., Jr.; Frei, E., III; Edgcomb, J. H., and Utz, J. P.: Pseudomonas Septicemia , Amer. J. Med. 25:877-889 ( (Dec.) ) 1958.Crossref 4. Fox, J. E., and Lowbury, E. J. L.: Immunity to Pseudomonas Pyocyanea in Man , J. Path. Bact. 65:519-531 ( (April) ) 1953.Crossref 5. Hasselmann, C. M.: Über Pyodermia gangraenosa mit B. pyocyaneus und B. proteus bei Colitis ulcerosa , Z. Haut. Geschlechtskr. 21:267-269 ( (Nov.) ) 1956. 6. Bruck, C.: Die Pyocyaneuserkrankungen der Haut , in Jadassohn J.: Handbuch der Haut und Geschlechtskrankeiten , Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1929, Vol. 9 (Pt. (1) ), pp. 130-141. 7. Brunsting, L. A.; Goeckerman, W. H., and O'Leary, P. A.: Pyoderma (Echthyma) Gangrenosum , Arch. Dermat. Syph. 22:655-680 ( (Oct.) ) 1930.Crossref 8. Kozikowski, E. S., and Ippolito, V.: Pyoderma Gangrenosum Secondary to Insect Bite, Proceedings of Cleveland Dermatological Society , A.M.A. Arch. Dermat. 74:220 ( (Aug.) ) 1956.Crossref 9. Russell, B.: Phagedenic and Gangrenous Ulceration of the Skin Complicating Ulcerative Colitis (Phagedena Geometricum) , Brit. J. Dermat. 62:114-123 ( (March) ) 1950.Crossref 10. Perry, H. O., and Brunsting, L. A.: Pyoderma Gangrenosum , A.M.A. Arch. Dermat. 75: 380-386 ( (March) ) 1957.Crossref 11. Rostenberg, A., Jr.: The Shwartzman Phenomenon: A Review with a Consideration of Some Possible Dermatological Manifestations , Brit. J. Dermat. 65:389-404 ( (Nov.) ) 1953.Crossref 12. Wright, E. T., and Greco, D. J.: Pyoderma Gangrenosum: Report of a Case Controlled by Cortisone , A.M.A. Arch. Dermat. 74:543-546 ( (Nov.) ) 1956.Crossref

WELTON, DAVID G.;GREENBERG, BERNARD G.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150065011pmid: 13784306

Abstract This is a continuation of the reporting of data obtained during a nation-wide survey in which 50 board-certified dermatologists, each devoting at least 75% of his time to private practice, participated. Information about every patient seen in his office during one week 4 times during a calendar year (about every 3 months) was recorded on a special form by each participant. There were 26,986 records gathered, checked, edited, and tabulated. The specific questions which the study attempted to answer, the methodology employed in the survey, and a number of significant findings have been reported previously.1,2 In Part I, a detailed study of the patient-load by season, geographic region, age group of the participants, and day of the week, plus a summary of the primary services rendered over-all, and an analysis of those services by region and by age group of the participants in the management of the 10 most References 1. Twenty individual tables have been prepared, pertaining to the specific diagnoses discussed here, in which the use of each primary service rendered has been tabulated according to the geographic region and the doctor's age group. Copies may be obtained from the authors. Space limitations prevent their inclusion here. 2. Surgery and other-therapy were utilized in identical frequency in the treatment of warts. 3. Welton, D. G.: X-ray Therapy in the Private Practice of Dermatology , Southern Med. J. 50:648-654 ( (May) ) 1957.Crossref 4. Welton, D. G.: Inside Dermatology, U.S.A. , Southern Med. J. 52:210-223 ( (Feb.) ) 1960.Crossref 5. Welton, D. G., and Greenberg, B. G.: Trends in Office Practice of Dermatology: Part I , Arch. Derm. 83:355-378 ( (March) ) 1961.Crossref 6. Dorn, H. F., and Cutler, S. J.: Morbidity from Cancer in United States, Public Health Monogr. No. 56, pp. 68-77. 7. Welton, D. G.: Climate and Cutaneous Cancer , Wisconsin Med. J. 170-173 ( (Feb.) ) 1956.

LEVY, EDWIN J.;SCHETMAN, DONALD

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150075012pmid: 13761598

Abstract Cyclic neutropenia is an unusual disease with numerous dermatologic manifestations. It was first reported in 1910 by Leale,1 and Löblowitz,2 who described the characteristic cyclic recurrence of oral ulcerations. They also noted the presence of an abnormal white blood cell count in their patients, but did not correlate this finding with the occurrence of mouth lesions. Thereafter there were numerous published reports of periodic oral ulcerations; however, the synchronous recurrence of neutropenia again was not investigated. It was not until 1930 that a definite association was established3 between the neutropenia and the mouth ulcerations, both of which recur along with fever, malaise, arthralgia, etc. at regular intervals of 21 days. There have been 32 additional case reports of cyclic neutropenia, with the majority appearing after 1946. Despite the extensive ulcerations of the lips, tongue, palate, gums, and buccal mucosa, as well as other cutaneous manifestations, dermatologists generally References 1. Leale, M.: Recurrent Furunculosis in an Infant Showing an Unusual Blood Picture , J.A.M.A. 54:1854-1855, 1910.Crossref 2. Löblowitz, J.: Ulcus neuroticum mucosae (Chronische Aphthen) , Arch. Derm. u Syph. 102: 191-206, 1910.Crossref 3. Rutledge, B. H.; Hansen-Prüss, O. C., and Thayer, W. S.: Recurrent Agranulocytosis , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 46:369-389, 1930. 4. Reimann, H. A.: Periodic Disease , A.M.A. Arch. Intern. Med. 92:494-506, 1953.Crossref 5. Reimann, H. A.: Periodic Disease , Medicine 30:219-245, 1949. 6. Löffler, W., and Maier, C.: Über einem Fall von Feltyschem Syndrom mit cyclisher Agranulocytose , Cardiologia 12:195-210, 1947-1948. 7. Erf, L. A., and Fry, K. E.: Primary Splenic Neutropenia , Amer. J. Clin. Path. 19:48-50, 1949. 8. Reznikoff, P.: Cyclic Neutropenia: A Case Study with Bone Marrow Findings Before and After Splenectomy , Trans. Ass. Amer. Physicians 59:276-281, 1946. 9. Reimann, H. A., and deBeradinis, C. T.: Periodic (Cyclic) Neutropenia: An Entity , Blood 4:1109-1116, 1949. 10. Owren, P. A.: Cyclic Agranulocytosis , Acta Med. Scand. 134:87-89, 1949.Crossref 11. Page, A. R., and Good, R. A.: Studies on Cyclic Neutropenia , A.M.A. J. Dis. Child. 94:623-667, 1957.Crossref 12. Sandella, J. F.: Cyclic Acute Agranulocytosis: Report of a Case with Improvement After Splenectomy , Ann. Intern. Med. 35:1365-1371, 1951.Crossref 13. Becker, F. T.; Coventry, W. D., and Ruura, J. L.: Recurrent Oral and Cutaneous Infections Associated with Cyclic Neutropenia , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 80:731-741, 1959.Crossref 14. Cobet, R., and Schilling, V.: Periodischrezidivierende Neutropenie mit Monocytose: Das Krankheitsbild der periodischen Neutropenie oder cyclischen Agranulocytose , Folia Haemat. 70:286-303, 1951. 15. Vahlquist, B.: Cyclic Agranulocytosis: Report of a Case with a Short Survey of the Disease , Acta Med. Scand. , (Supp. 170) , pp. 531-542, 1946. 16. Borne, S.: Cyclic Neutropenia in an Infant , Pediatrics 3:70-78, 1949. 17. Fullerton, H. W., and Duguid, H. L. D.: A Case of Cyclic Agranulocytosis with Marked Improvement Following Splenectomy , Blood 4:269-277, 1949. 18. Reimann, H. A.: Personal communication to the author. 19. Monto, R. W.; Shaffer, H. C.; Brennan, M. J., and Rebuck, J. W.: Periodic Neutropenia Treated by Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone and Splenectomy: Report of a Case , New Engl. J. Med. 246:23, 893-896, 1952.Crossref

BERGHORN, BRONSON M.;MUNGER, BRYCE L.;HELWIG, ELSON B.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150080013

Abstract The cellular derivation of benign neoplasms usually ascribed to the sweat glands has been controversial. The eccrine spiradenoma, described by Kersting and Helwig,1 has provoked much discussion due to its unusual symptomatology and its distinctive microscopic characteristics. Of the patients studied by these authors, 91% manifested pain, either developing spontaneously or produced by pressure on the lesion. The opportunity of observing the effects of pharmacologic agents on known eccrine spiradenomas, as well as of doing histochemical and electron microscopic studies on fresh tissue from known lesions, has been hopefully anticipated. These tumors, however, are almost always single, and solitary lesions are usually removed completely during biopsy, precluding such studies as those suggested. In 1957 Stegmaier and Kersting2 described a woman with 4 distinct eccrine spiradenomas in the antecubital fossa. Upon the injection of 0.01 unit of oxytocin, such pain was produced that the patient would not allow further References 1. Kersting, D. W., and Helwig, E. B.: Eccrine Spiradenoma , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 73:199-227, 1956.Crossref 2. Stegmaier, O. C., and Kersting, D. W.: Eccrine Spiradenoma: Report of a Case and Preliminary Pharmacologic Studies , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 75:851-854, 1957.Crossref 3. Munger, B. L.; Berghorn, B. M., and Helwig, E. B.: The Electron Microscopy of Eccrine Spiradenoma, to be published. 4. Rothman, S.: Physiology and Biochemistry of the Skin , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1954. 5. Hurley, J. J., and Shelley, W. B.: The Role of the Myoepithelium of the Human Apocrine Sweat Glands , J. Invest. Derm. 21:139-155, 1953.Crossref 6. Montagna, W.: The Structure and Function of Skin , New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1956. 7. Kopf, A. W.: The Distribution of Alkaline Phosphatase in Normal and Pathologic Human Skin , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 75:1-37, 1957.Crossref 8. Munger, B. L.: The Ultrastructure and Histophysiology of Human Eccrine Sweat Glands, to be published. 9. Harris, G. W.: The Central Nervous System, Neurohypophysis, and Milk Ejection , Proc. Roy. Soc. (Biol.) 149:336-353, 1958.Crossref

GETZLER, N. A.;LINTON, WILLIAM;JEGYUD, A. T.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150085014pmid: 13704844

Abstract Cutaneous tuberculosis has become a rarity on this continent, while its incidence is still considerable in many parts of the world. Tanimura and Sano1 list the incidence of tuberculosis of the skin as 1.2% of all skin diseases registered at the University outdoor clinics of Osaka in Japan. Gnuzdev2 reported 118 cases of cutaneous tuberculosis treated since 1952 in European Russia, using streptomycin, isoniazid, and PAS. Riehl and Lofferer3 reported 54% cure in 1949, while 84% responded favorably in 1957, and attributed this therapeutic improvement to the use of isoniazid preparations. They claim that INH alone is superior to its combination with streptomycin and PAS. Marchionini and Roeckl4 and Kiming Schulz5 came to similar conclusions. The following case of cutaneous tuberculosis appears of interest because of its long duration and its extent and because an unusual type of Mycobacterium appeared to be the causative organism References 1. Dr. Paula Schopflocher. 2. Dr. Edith Mankiewicz from the Royal Edward Laurentian Hospital, Montreal. 3. 2% 2-N = amyloxybenzamide; 2% 2-N = amyloxyacetophenon, and hexachlorophene (supplies by Smith and Nephew Ltd. Canada). 4. Tanimura and Sano: Dermatology , Osaka University School 10: 227-244, 1959. 5. Gnuzdev, G. N.: Complex Treatment of Patients with Tuberculosis Cutis , Vestn. Derm. Vener. 33:30-35, 1959. 6. Riehl, Von G., and Lofferer, O.: Zur Hauttuberkulosefürsorge und-Therapie , Hautarzt , 10:341-344, 1959. 7. Marchionini, A.; Spier, H. W., and Roeckl, H.: Klinische, experimentelle und histologische Untersuchungen zur Behandlung der Hauttuberkulose mit Isonicotin aurehydrazid , Hautarzt 4: 497-509, 1953. 8. Schulz, K.: Zur Chemotherapie der Hauttuberkulose , Muenchen. Med. Wschr. 97:1557-1560, 1955. 9. Brock, J. M., et al.: Cutaneous Infection with Atypical Mycobacterium , Arch. Derm. 82:918-920, 1960.Crossref

SLEPYAN, ALBERT H.;BURKS, JAMES W.;FOX, JACK

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150090015

Abstract Two unusual, striking, and puzzling cases of persistent denudation of the scalp have been followed for 5 and 10 years respectively by 2 of us (A. H. S. and J. W. B.). The first patient was presented before the Chicago Dermatological Society in February, 1955, as: "A Case for Diagnosis— Pemphigus Vulgaris?"1 This led to the comparative study of the second such extraordinary clinical manifestation. The diagnosis of pemphigus is often made only after enough time has elapsed to complete the characteristic picture. Senear2 has pointed out the effectiveness of certain well-accepted criteria for diagnosis in certain cases. When the disorders of the pemphigoid group are added to the differential problem, however, the dilemma becomes compounded. The present report concerns 2 cases of cicatricial pemphigoid. Both patients displayed massive nonhealing erosive lesions affecting the major portions of the scalp. Report of Cases Case 1.— A 56-year-old white woman References 1. Slepyan, A. H.: Case for Diagnosis: (Pemphigus Vulgaris?) , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 72: 77, 1955.Crossref 2. Senear, F. E.: Chronic Pemphigus Vulgaris , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. Syph. 65:429, 1952.Crossref 3. Fisher, I.: Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Correlation of Clinical and Microscopic Observations , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 74:50, 1956.Crossref 4. Prakken, J. R., and Woerdeman, M. J.: Pemphigoid (Para Pemphigus): Its Relationship to Other Bullous Dermatoses , Brit. J. Derm. 67: 92, 1955.Crossref 5. Director, W.: Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Clinicopathologic Study , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. Syph. 65: 155, 1952.Crossref 6. Goldschlag, F.: Pemphigus , Aust. J. Derm. 2:65, 1955.Crossref 7. Jablonska, S.; Segal, P.; Milewski, B., and Dabrowska, H.: Pemphigoid Mucosae , Acta Dermatovener. 37:364, 1957. 8. Lever, W.: Personal communication to the authors. 9. Lever, W. F.: Pemphigus , Medicine (Balt.) 32:1, 1953.Crossref 10. Brennan, J. G., and Montgomery, H.: Pemphigus and Other Bullous Dermatoses: Correlation of Clinical and Pathological Findings , J. Invest. Derm. 21:349, 1953.Crossref 11. Lodin, A., and Gentele, H.: Benign Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (Pemphigus Conjunctivae) , Acta Dermatovener. 37:357, 1957. 12. Brunsting, L. A., and Perry, H. O.: Benign Pemphigoid? A Report of 7 Cases with Chronic, Scarring, Herpetiform Plaques About the Head and Neck , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 75:489, 1957.Crossref 13. Sneddon, I. B., and Church, R.: Diagnosis and Treatment of Pemphigoid: A Report on 22 Cases , Brit. Med. J. 2:1360, 1955.Crossref 14. Ziprkowski, L.; Krakrowski, A., and Bornstein, L. A.: Pemphigus Vulgaris and Skin Grafting , J. Invest. Derm. 34:285, 1960.

MONTES, LEOPOLDO F.;CAPLAN, RICHARD M.;RILEY, GARDNER M.;CURTIS, ARTHUR C.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150098016pmid: 13772174

Abstract Recent studies of patients with Fox-Fordyce disease1-5 have demonstrated a paraductal apocrine sweat retention vesicle in the epidermis of involved areas. The disturbance may therefore be considered an ``apocrine miliaria''1 in which the pruritus is caused by extravasated apocrine sweat produced upon stimulation of the large sweat glands. However, there has been no satisfactory explanation offered for (a) the abnormal accumulation of keratin at the follicular orifices, (b) the predilection for this condition to occur in women within the years of active reproductive life, (c) the reported tendency for improvement during pregnancy,6,7 or (d) for the premenstrual or menstrual exacerbation of pruritus in many patients.8-20 Concurring with Shelley and Levy's suggestion1 that an endocrinological approach to the study of this disorder might be the most rewarding, we have attempted to clarify some of the above observations through a series of hormonal studies performed in the References 1. HMG(P) is a human postmenopausal gonadotropin extract (Pergonal-23) obtained through the courtesy of P. Donini, Serono Pharmaceutical Co., Rome. One unit of HMG(P) is defined as that amount of extract which produces a 100% increase in mouse uterine weight over controls. 2. This patient was presented at a meeting of the Detroit Dermatological Society held in Ann Arbor, Mich., on Nov. 11, 1959 . 3. Ayerst Laboratories, Inc., 22 E. 40th St., New York. 4. Shelley, W. B., and Levy, E. J.: Apocrine Sweat Retention in Man: II. Fox-Fordyce Disease (Apocrine Miliaria) , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 73:38, 1956.Crossref 5. Spiller, R. F., and Knox, J. M.: Fox-Fordyce Disease with Hidradenitis Suppurativa , J. Invest. Derm. 31:127, 1958.Crossref 6. Montes, L. F.; Cortés, A.; Baker, B. L., and Curtis, A. C.: Fox-Fordyce Disease , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 80:549, 1959.Crossref 7. Nicholas, L., and Hurley, H. J.: Fox-Fordyce Disease, Society Transactions , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 81:327, 1960. 8. Graham, J. H.; Shafer, J. C., and Helwig, E. B.: Fox-Fordyce Disease in Male Identical Twins , Arch. Derm. 82:212, 1960.Crossref 9. Gougerot, H., and Blum, P.: Fox-Fordyce Disease Without Pruritus , Bull. Soc. Franc. Derm. Syph. 39:700, 1932. 10. Cornbleet, T.: Pregnancy and Apocrine Gland Diseases: Hidradenitis, Fox-Fordyce Disease , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. Syph. 65:12, 1952.Crossref 11. Kertesz, G.: The Treatment of Fox-Fordyce Disease on the Basis of Ovarian Dysfunction , Urol. Cutan. Rev. 45:517, 1941. 12. Chatellier, L.: Nouvelle Pratique Dermatologique , Vol. 8, Paris, Masson & Cie, 1936, pp. 262-268. 13. Fischer, H.: Ampers and Fox-Fordyce Disease, Preliminary Report , Derm. Wschr. 80:821, 1925. 14. Ruffing, E.: Zur Pathogenese und Therapie der Fox-Fordyceschen Erkrankung , Hautarzt 2: 461, 1951. 15. Nilzen, A.: Two Cases of Fox-Fordyce Disease , Acta Dermatovener. (Stockh.) 28:518, 1948. 16. Deville, P. M.: Fox-Fordyce Disease , Med. Illus. 7:891, 1953. 17. Quiroga, M. I., and Mazzini, M. A.: Enfermedad de Fox-Fordyce , Rev. Argent. Dermosif. 23:694, 1939. 18. Juster, E.: Fox-Fordyce Disease , Bull. Soc. Franc. Derm. Syph. 63:412, 1956. 19. Salas, A., and di Prisco, J.: Sobre un caso de enfermedad de Fox Fordyce , Rev. Policlín. Caracas. 14:345, 1945. 20. Pick, W.: Pathogenesis of Fox-Fordyce Disease , Arch. Derm. Syph. 13:782, 1926.Crossref 21. Lefranc, M., and Aragon, R.: Maladie de Fox-Fordyce , Bull. Soc. Franc. Derm. Syph. 4: 587, 1959. 22. Reference deleted. 23. Rocha, G., and Fraga, S.: Personal communication to the authors. 24. Gallagher, T. F.; Peterson, D. H.; Dorfman, R. I.; Kenyen, A. T., and Koch, F. C.: The Daily Urinary Excretion of Estrogenic and Androgenic Substances by Normal Men and Women , J. Clin. Invest. 16:695, 1937.Crossref 25. Riley, G. M.: Gynecological Endocrinology , New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 1959. 26. McArthur, J. W.; Ingersoll, F. M., and Worcester, J.: Urinary Excretion of Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone by Normal Males and Females of Various Ages , J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 18:460, 1958.Crossref 27. Eberlein, W. R., and Bongiovanni, A. M.: A Paper Chromatographic Method for the Measurement of Pregnanediol in Urine , J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 18:300, 1958.Crossref 28. Robbie, W. A., and Gibson, R. B.: Rapid Clinical Determination of Urinary 17-Ketosteroids , J. Clin. Endocr. 3:200, 1943.Crossref 29. Montes, L. F., and Baker, B. L.: Histochemical Studies in Fox-Fordyce Disease, to be published. 30. Duperrat, B., and Laroza, L.: Profuse Form of Fox-Fordyce Disease , Bull. Soc. Franc. Derm. Syph. 3:269, 1959. 31. Montes, L. F.; Baker, B. L., and Curtis, A. C.: The Cytology of the Large Axillary Sweat Glands in Man , J. Invest. Derm. 35:273, 1960.Crossref 32. Pillsbury, D. M.; Shelley, W. B., and Kligman, A. M.: Dermatology , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1956, p. 58. 33. Hurley, H. J., and Shelley, W. B.: The Human Apocrine Sweat Gland in Health and Disease , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1960, p. 73. 34. Greene, J. W., and Touchstone, J. C.: Recent Advances in the Determination of the Estrogens , Amer. J. Med. Sci. 238:772, 1959.Crossref 35. Nonclercq, E.: Maladie de Fox-Fordyce , Bull. Soc. Franc. Derm. Syph. 61:390, 1954 . 36. Roxburgh, A. C.: A Case of Fox-Fordyce Disease , Brit. J. Derm. 55:121, 1943.Crossref 37. Brunsting, H. A., in discussion on Shelley, W. B., and Levy, E. J.: Apocrine Sweat Retention in Man: II. Fox-Fordyce Disease , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 73:38, 1956.Crossref

WEAKLEY, DAVID R.;EINBINDER, JULIA M.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150105017pmid: 13783517

Abstract Cantharidin is the vesicating agent of the beetle Canthus vesicatoria. Auspitz described the histopathology of such blisters in 1883,1 and Miescher later confirmed his findings.2 The major changes seen in the epidermis are spongiosis, vesiculation, and acantholysis. In 1926 Borger and Groll stated that cantharides tincture applied to the ears of mice decreased their respiratory rate.3 Little attention was then paid the substance until after 1952, the year of Lever's classic monograph in which he reported acantholysis to be the histologic sine qua non of pemphigus vulgaris.4 The numerous studies of cantharidin acantholysis which followed were facilitated by its successful stereospecific synthesis by Storck et al. in 1951.5 Acantholysis has been produced by other means.6-9 The histologic changes of the cantharidin blister, however, probably more closely resemble sections of pemphigus vulgaris than those produced by other methods. Further, cantharidin is both reliable and simple References 1. Auspitz, H.: Allgemeine Pathologie und Therapie der Haut , in Handbuch der speziellen Pathologie (Ziemssen) , Leipzig, 1883, p. 137. 2. Miescher, G.: Beiträge zur Ekzemfrage: zur Frage der Spezifität der ekzematösen Hautreaktion , Arch. Derm. u. Syph. 173:117-154 ( (Aug.) ) 1936.Crossref 3. Borger, G., and Groll, H.: Die Sauerstoffatmung des Gewebes bei Entzündung und Reizung (Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Lehre von der Entzündung IV.) , Krankheitsforschung 2:220-262, 1926. 4. Lever, W. F.: Pemphigus , Medicine 32:1-123 ( (Feb.) ) 1953.Crossref 5. Storck, G.; von Tamelin, E. E.: Friedman, L., and Burgstahler, A. W.: Cantharidin: A Stereospecific Total Synthesis , J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 73: 4501 ( (Sept.) ) 1951.Crossref 6. Kuske, H.: Perkutane Photosensibilisierung durch pflanzliche Wirkstoff , Dermatologica 82: 273-338 (No. (5) ) 1940.Crossref 7. Naylor, P. F. D.: Experimental Friction Blisters , Brit. J. Derm. 67:327-342 ( (Oct.) ) 1955.Crossref 8. Birmingham, D. J.; Key, M. M.; Tubich, G. E., and Perone, V. B.: Phototoxic Bullae Among Celery Harvesters , Arch. Derm. 83:73-87 ( (Jan.) ) 1961.Crossref 9. Epstein, W. L., and Kligman, A. M.: Some Factors Affecting the Reaction of Allergic Contact Dermatitis , J. Invest. Derm. 33:231-243 ( (Nov.) ) 1959.Crossref 10. Peters, R. A.; Stocken, L. A., and Thompson, R. H. S.: British Anti-Lewisite (BAL) , Nature 156:616-617 ( (Nov. 24) ) 1945.Crossref 11. Stocken, L. A., and Thompson, R. H. S.: British Anti-Lewisite: I. Arsenic Derivatives of Thiol Proteins , Biochem. J. 40:529-535 (No. (4) ) 1946. 12. Thompson, R. H. S.: The Effect of Arsenical Vesicants on the Respiration of Skin , Biochem. J. 40:525-529 (No. (4) ) 1946. 13. Dixon, M., and Needham, D. M.: Biochemical Research on Chemical Warfare Agents , Nature 158:432-438 ( (Sept. 28) ) 1946.Crossref 14. Dixon, M.; Needham, H. M., and Webb, E. C.: Enzymes , London, Longmans, Green & Co., Inc., 1958, pp. 58 and 185. 15. Haas, H. T. A.; Kraushaar, A., and Cordua, C. A.: Reizstoffe und ihre Wirkungsweise , Arch. Exp. Path. Pharmakol. 209:138-164 ( (March) ) 1950. 16. Stoughton, R. B.: Mechanisms of Blister Formation , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 76:584-590 ( (Nov.) ) 1957.Crossref 17. Herzberg, J. J., and Rohde, R.: Über Mechanismus der Blasenbildung , Dermatologica 118:396-406, 1959.Crossref 18. Beloff, A., and Peters, R. A.: Observations upon Thermal Burns: The Influence of Moderate Temperature Burns upon Proteinase of the Skin , J. Physiol. 103:461-475 ( (March) ) 1945. 19. Miller, R. F., and Stoughton, R. B.: Enzymatic Vesication in Vivo: I. Effects of Papain on Human Skin , J. Invest. Derm. 35:141-150 ( (Sept.) ) 1960.Crossref 20. Wells, G. C., and Babcock, C.: Epidermal Protease , J. Invest. Derm. 21:459-463 ( (Dec.) ) 1953.Crossref 21. Stoughton, R. B.: Enzymatic Cytolysis of Epithelium by Filtrates of Feces from Patients with Ulcerative Colitis , Science 116:37-39 ( (July 11) ) 1952.Crossref 22. Stoughton, R. B., and Novack, N.: Disruption of Tonofibrils and Intercellular Bridges by Disulfide Splitting Agents , J. Invest. Derm. 26: 127-135 ( (Feb.) ) 1956. 23. Steigleder, G. K., and Weakley, D. R.: J. Invest. Derm. to be published. 24. Stoughton, R. B., and Bagatell, F.: The Nature of Cantharidin Acantholysis , J. Invest. Derm. 33:287-292 ( (Nov.) ) 1959.Crossref 25. Hunter, F. E.: Phosphorous Metabolism , Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1951, Vol. 1. 26. Langdon, R. G., and Weakley, D. R.: Preparation and Some Properties of Soluble Glucose-6-Phosphatase , Fed. Proc. 16:208 ( (March) ) 1957. 27. Mills, G. L.: Personal communication to the authors, cited by Allison and Williamson.28 28. Allison, J. H., and Williamson, D. H.: The Abnormal Cantharidin Blister in Atopy: An Explanation of Its Production , Brit. J. Derm. 72: 383-402 ( (Nov.) ) 1960.Crossref 29. Stoughton, R. B.: Disruption of Epithelial Cells by Heat and Specific Chemical Agents , J. Invest. Derm. 27:395-403 ( (Dec.) ) 1956.Crossref 30. Allison, J. H., and Bettley, F. R.: Investigations into Cantharidin Blisters Raised on Apparently Normal Skin in Normal and Abnormal Patients , Brit. J. Derm. 70:331-339 ( (Oct.) ) 1958.Crossref 31. Engman, M. F., and MacCardle, R. C.: A Histochemical Study of Neurodermatitis , A.M.A. Arch. Dermat. Syph. 42:109-111 ( (July) ) 1940. 32. MacCardle, R. C.; Engman, M. F., Jr., and Engman, M. F.: Spectrographic Analysis of Neurodermatitis Lesions , A.M.A. Arch. Dermat. Syph. 44:429-440 ( (Sept.) ) 1941.Crossref 33. Engman, M. F., and MacCardle, R. C.: A New Approach to the Problem of Disseminated Neurodermatitis , A.M.A. Arch. Dermat. Syph. 46:337-347 ( (Sept.) ) 1942.Crossref 34. Sullivan, M., and Evans, V. J.: Nutritional Dermatoses in the Rat: X. A Comparison of Disseminated Neurodermatitis and Experimental Magnesium Deficiency , A.M.A. Arch. Dermat. Syph. 49:33-45 ( (Jan.) ) 1944. 35. Sullivan, M., and Evans, V. J.: Nutritional Dermatoses in the Rat: IX. Evaluation of the Interrelationship of Magnesium Deficiency and Deficiencies of the Vitamin B Complex , J. Nutr. 27:123-136 ( (Feb.) ) 1944. 36. Cameron, G. R.; Carleton, H. M., and Short, R. H. D.: Pathological Changes Induced by Lewisite and Allied Compounds , J. Path. Bact. 58: 411-422 ( (July) ) 1946.Crossref 37. Rosen, K.: Phosphate Metabolism of Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma Cells , Fed. Proc. 16: 199 ( (March) ) 1957. 38. Burckhardt, W.: Untersuchungen über die Photoaktivität einiger Sulfanilimide , Dermatologica 83:63-69 (No. (6) ) 1951.Crossref

COCKERELL, EARL G.;FREEMAN, ROBERT G.;KNOX, JOHN M.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150113018pmid: 13694228

Abstract Sunlight may have many effects on the skin, and one of the most important both clinically and cosmetically is aging. Many laymen, unaware of the fact that exposure to the harmful ultraviolet rays of sunlight causes aging, are becoming sun fadists. Gross changes in actinically damaged skin are a dry, coarse, leathery appearance, laxity with wrinkling, and various pigmentary changes. Frequently in elderly and even in some relatively young white adults there is a striking difference between light-exposed regions and those protected by clothing. A weather-beaten farmer often appears considerably older than a physician of comparable age.1 Since Negro skin has natural protection in its high melanin content, elderly Negroes often appear deceptively young. According to Blum, the thickness of the corneal and granular layers is very important in determining the skin's response to the ultraviolet radiation which strikes its surface.2 That these layers must play an important References 1. Knox, J. M.: Harmful Effects of Sunlight , Texas J. Med. 56:653-656, 1960. 2. Blum, H. F.: Sunlight and Cancer of the Skin , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 1:397-421, 1940. 3. Bachem, A., and Reed, C. I.: Skin and Radiation , Arch. Phys. Ther. 12:581-590, 1931. 4. Mackie, B. S., and McGovern, V. J.: The Mechanism of Solar Carcinogenesis , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 78:218-244, 1958.Crossref 5. Thomson, M. L.: Relative Efficiency of Pigment and Horny Layer Thickness in Protecting the Skin of Europeans and Africans Against Solar Ultraviolet Radiation , J. Physiol. 127:236-246, 1955. 6. Bachem, A., and Reed, C. I.: The Penetration of Light Through the Human Skin , Amer. J. Physiol. 97:86-91, 1931. 7. Loewi, G.; Glynn, L. E., and Darling, J.: Studies on Nature of Collagen Degeneration , J. Path. Bact. 80:1-8, 1960.Crossref 8. Kirby-Smith, J. S.; Blum, H. F., and Grady, H. G.: Penetration of Ultraviolet Radiation into Skin as a Factor in Carcinogenesis , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 2:403-412, 1942. 9. Magnusson, A. H. W.: Skin Cancer , Acta Radiol. Supp. 22, pp. 1-287, 1935. 10. Knox, J. M.; Guin, J. D., and Cockerell, E. G.: Benzophenones: Ultraviolet Light Absorbing Agents , J. Invest. Derm. 29:435-444, 1957.Crossref 11. Cockerell, E. G., and Knox, J. M.: Experimental Ultraviolet Carcinogenesis , Texas J. Med. 56:657-660, 1960. 12. Knox, J. M.; Griffin, A. C., and Hakim, R. E.: Protection from Ultraviolet Carcinogenesis , J. Invest. Derm. 34:51-56, 1960. 13. Lansing, A. I.: Aging of Elastic Tissue and the Systemic Effects of Elastose , Ciba Foundation Colloquia on Aging, London, J. & A. Churchill, Ltd,. 1955. 14. Rothman, S.: Physiology and Biochemistry of the Skin , The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1954. 15. Lorincz, A. L.: Physiology of the Aging Skin , Illinois Med. J. 117:59-62, 1960. 16. Wells, G. C.: Senile Changes of the Skin in Man , J. Amer. Geriat. Soc. 2:535-549, 1954. 17. Gersh, I., and Catchpole, H. R.: The Organization of Ground Substance and Basement Membrane and Its Significance in Tissue Injury, Disease and Growth , Amer. J. Anat. 85:457-521, 1949.Crossref

EVERETT, MARK ALLEN;COFFEY, C. MAURICE

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150119019pmid: 13697645

Abstract The use of tar preparations in dermatology has been known for many years. Dioscorides described the use of asphaltic tar as a panacea for cutaneous disorders nearly 2,000 years ago.1 Coal tar was discovered and described by Becker and Serle in 1681, but its application was first specifically mentioned by Fischel in 1894.2 Since the inception of its use, coal tar has been tried in many forms and on almost all types of cutaneous lesions. There has been disagreement as to the effectiveness and actual mode of action of coal tar in the cases where it proved beneficial. It has been alleged that coal tar contains a photosensitizing element which makes the skin more sensitive to ultraviolet light, and thereby results in an increased erythema and pigmentation of the skin when it is exposed to ultraviolet light. Goeckermann3,4 first published his regimen for the treatment of psoriasis References 1. Downing, J. G., and Bauer, C. W.: Low and High Temperature Coal Tars in the Treatment of Eczema and Psoriasis , Arch Derm. Syph. 57: 985, 1948.Crossref 2. Nelson, M. O., and Osterberg, A. E.: A Purified Coal-Tar Ointment for the Treatment of Infantile Eczema , Arch. Derm. Syph. 15:669, 1927.Crossref 3. Goeckermann, W. H.: Treatment of Psoriasis , Northw. Med. 24:229, 1925. 4. Goeckermann, W. H.: Treatment of Psoriasis , Arch. Derm. Syph. 24:446, 1931.Crossref 5. Herrick, J., and Sheard, C.: Effects of Irradiation of Crude Coal Tar by Quartz Mercury Vapor Lamps , Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 26:331928.Crossref 6. Fleischhauer, L.: Sensitization of Skin to Light by Means of Liantral , Strahlentherapie 36: 144, 1930. 7. Obermayer, M. E., and Becker, S. W.: A Study of Crude Coal Tar and Allied Substances , Arch. Derm. Syph. 31:796, 1935.Crossref 8. Bachem, A.: Time Factors of Erythema and Pigmentation by Ultraviolet Rays of Different Wave Lengths , J. Invest. Derm. 25:215, 1955.Crossref 9. De Kleine, E. H.: Photoelectric Determination of Skin Color , Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 15:176, 1955.Crossref 10. Daniels, F., Jr., and Bergeson, L.: Vasomotor Studies in Ultraviolet Erythema , J. Invest. Derm. 35:329, 1960.Crossref

STEINER, KARL

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150123020

Abstract Introduction The skin manifestations of functioning carcinoid consist of repeated transient flushings eventually followed by permanent telangiectasias.4 These telangiectasias develop in more persistently flushed areas when the disease runs a protracted course. The flushes are most frequent in the face but may also affect the trunk and extremities. They frequently localize on the neck and over the sternum.In May, 1959, a 67-year-old white man with malignant carcinoid of the terminal ileum was hospitalized for treatment. This patient showed a fine network of telangiectasias over the lower part of the face, on the upper neck, and in the upper sternal region. Because he was gravely ill, no good photograph of the lesions could be taken. However, the appearance of these telangiectasias was very similar to an eruption seen in another patient on the same ward the previous year. This latter patient, a 49-year-old white man, did not suffer from References 1. Benditt, E. P.; Wong, R. L.; Arase, M., and Roeper, E.: 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Mast Cells , Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 90:303-304, 1955.Crossref 2. Birt, A. R., and Nickerson, M.: Generalized Flushing of the Skin with Urticaria Pigmentosa , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 80:311-317, 1959.Crossref 3. Brogren, N.; Duner, H.; Hamrin, B.; Pernow, B.; Theander, G., and Waldenström, J.: Urticaria Pigmentosa (Mastocytosis) , Acta Med. Scand. 163:223-233, 1959.Crossref 4. Kierland, R. R.; Sauer, W. G., and Dearing, W. H.: The Cutaneous Manifestations of the Functioning Carcinoid , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 77: 86-90, 1958.Crossref 5. Moursund, M. P., and Hirschmann, V. R.: Telanciectasia Macularis Eruptiva Perstans , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. Syph. 63:232-249, 1951.Crossref 6. Prunieras, M.: A Valuable Stain for Connective Tissue, Keratin and Fungi , J. Invest. Derm. 35:309-314, 1960.Crossref 7. Riley, J. P., and West, G. B.: Skin Histamine: Its Location in the Tissue Mast Cells , A.M.A. Arch. Dermat. 74:471-478, 1956.Crossref 8. Weber, F. P., and Hellenschmied, R.: Telangiectasia Macularis Eruptiva Perstans , Brit. J. Derm. 42:374-382, 1930.Crossref 9. West, J. B., and Parrat, J. R.: 5-Hydroxytryptamine and the Skin , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 76:336-342, 1957.Crossref

MEDANSKY, ROLAND S.;WOLOSHIN, ARTHUR A.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150128021pmid: 13768820

Abstract Among the skin diseases that have been of interest to both dermatology and neuropsychiatry, exclusive of the entities commonly called psychosomatic, are syphilis, adenoma sebaceum, neurofibromatosis, and the Sturge-Weber syndrome.1 We would like to add Darier's disease (keratosis follicularis) to this list. Since brain and epidermal tissue are both derived from ectoderm, some of the intrinsic pathological processes that are not influenced by exogenous factors may involve both organ systems. If the hypothesis has some degree of validity we might then expect to find some organic involvement in the central nervous system in certain dermatological disease states. We reviewed the records at the University of Illinois since 1940 and at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Ill., since 1950, and found a total of 6 cases of keratosis follicularis proven by biopsy. We were able to study 5 of these patients both dermatologically and psychologically. Report of Cases Case 1.—A References 1. Yakovlev, P. I., and Riley, H. G.: Congenital Ectodermoses (Neurocutaneous Syndromes) in Epileptic Patients , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 26:1145, 1931.Crossref 2. White, J. C.: A Case of Keratosis (Ichthyosis) Follicularis , J. Cutan. Dis. 7:210, 201-209, 1889. 3. Darier, J.: De la psorospermose folliculaire vegetante , Ann. Derm. Syph. (Par.) 10:597, 1889. 4. Boeck, C.: Demonstration of a Case of Darier's Disease with Psychological Aberration, Verhandlungen des dritten Kongresses der Nordischen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 1916. 5. Wise, F., and Parkhurst, H. J.: Notes on 2 Unusual Cases of Darier's Disease , Arch. Derm. Syph. 2:430, 1920.Crossref 6. Hailey, H., in discussion on Hitch, J. M.; Callaway, J. L.; and Moseley, V.: Familial Darier's Disease (Keratosis Follicularis) , Southern Med. J. 34:578, 1941.Crossref 7. Leitner, Z. A., and Moore, T.: Vitamin A in Darier's Disease , Brit. J. Derm. 60:41, 1948.Crossref 8. Cockayne, E. A.: Inherited Abnormalities of the Skin and Its Appendages , London, Oxford University Press, 1933, p. 394. 9. Smith, H.: Le Facteur psychosomatique en dermatologie , Un. Méd. Canada 80:1399, 1951. 10. Svendsen, I. B., and Albrectsen, B.: The Prevalence of Dyskeratosis Follicularis (Darier's Disease) in Denmark , Acta Dermatovener. (Stockh.) 39:256-269, 1959. 11. Michelson, H., in discussion on Rostenberg, A., and Fox, J. M.: Darier's Disease, Transactions, Chicago Dermatological Society , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 81:465, 1960.

CAHN, MILTON M.;LEVY, EDWIN J.;McMILLEN, JOHN A.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150131022pmid: 13689806

Abstract Several recent case reports1-3 have indicated the occurrence of photosensitivity reactions in patients taking demethylchlortetracycline.* This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of such reactions, the relationship between their occurrence and dosage of the drug, the responsible spectral range, and the nature of these reactions, whether photoallergic or phototoxic.4 Method I. Determination of Incidence of Demethylchlortetracycline Photosensitivity Reactions.— (A) Using Artificial Light Sources: One hundred white men, who had not been exposed to sunlight for the preceding 6 months were included in this phase of the study. The minimal erythema dose (M.E.D.), which is defined as that amount of ultraviolet light required to produce a barely perceptable erythema on the skin 24 hours after exposure (1+) was determined for each subject. This was accomplished by giving graded exposures of ultraviolet light to skin test sites on the upper back, as emitted by a Westinghouse fluorescent References 1. Morris, W. E.: Photosensitivity Due to Tetracycline Derivative , J.A.M.A. 172:1155-1156, 1960.Crossref 2. Falk, M. S.: Light Sensitivity Due to Demethylchlortetracycline , J.A.M.A. 172:1156-1157, 1960.Crossref 3. Carey, B. W.: Photodynamic Response of a New Tetracycline, Letter to the Editor , J.A.M.A. 172:1196, 1960.Crossref 4. Cahn, M. M.; Levy, E. J., and Shaffer, B.: Polymorphous Light Eruption and Phototoxicity to Drugs , J. Invest. Derm. 32:355-361, 1959.Crossref 5. Jillson, O. F., and Curwen, W. L.: Phototoxicity, Photoallergy, and Photoskin Tests , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 80:678-689, 1959.Crossref 6. Sams, W. M.: Contact Photodermatitis , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 73:142-148, 1956.Crossref 7. Levy, E. J.; Cahn, M. M., and Shaffer, B.: Polymorphous Light Eruption: Some Unusual Reactions in Ultraviolet Light Test Sites , J. Invest. Derm. 28:147-153, 1957. 8. Cahn, M. M.; Levy, E. J., and Shaffer, B.: Polymorphous Light Eruption: The Effect of Chloroquine Phosphate in Modifying Reactions to Ultraviolet Light , J. Invest. Derm. 26:201-207, 1956. 9. Cahn, M. M., and Levy, E. J.: Ultraviolet Light Factor in Chlorpromazine Dermatitis , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 75:38-40, 1957.Crossref 10. Cahn, M. M.; Levy, E. J., and Hamilton, W. L.: The Effect of Vesprin in Inducing Photosensitivity Reactions , Monographs on Therapy 3: 36-40, 1958. 11. Cahn, M. M., and Levy, E. J.: Photosensitivity Tests in Subjects Receiving Trifluoperazine: Clinical and Pharmacologic Aspects , Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1958, pp. 213-214.

COHEN, I.;LEVY, E.;SCHREIBER, H.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150136023pmid: 13694380

Abstract It is well known that a comparatively high percentage of breast carcinomata metastasize to the skin, and that the breast is the commonest source of metastases to the skin, including the scalp (Warren and Witham, 1933; Gates, 1937; Geschickter, 1945; Boyd et al., 1954; Allen, 1954; Willis, 1953). In the scalp the lesions, which are presumably blood-borne, usually take the form of nodules resembling turban tumors (Ronchese, 1940), but the occurrence of alopecia appears to be very rare, only one reference to this possibility having been found in the literature (Ronchese, 1949). Three patients suffering from breast carcinoma in whom metastases to the scalp caused alopecia, resembling alopecia areata, were seen within a period of a few months, and in view of the apparent rarity of this condition and the importance of the differential diagnosis it is considered of interest to place the findings on record. Report of Cases Case References 1. Warren, S., and Witham, E. W.: Studies on Tumour Metastasis: Distribution of Metastasis in Cancer of the Breast , Surg. Gynec. Obstet. 57:81, 1933. 2. Gates, O.: Cutaneous Metastases of Malignant Disease , Amer. J. Cancer 30:718, 1937. 3. Geschickter, C. F.: Diseases of the Breast , Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1945, p. 471. 4. Boyd, A. K.; Enterline, H. T., and Donald, J. G.: Carcinoma of the Breast: A Surgical FollowUp Study , Surg. Gynec. Obstet. 99:9, 1954. 5. Allen, A. C.: The Skin: A Clinico-Pathologic Treatise , St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Company, 1954, p. 834. 6. Willis, R. A.: Pathology of Tumours , London, Butterworth & Co., Ltd., 1953, pp. 240-241. 7. Ronchese, F.: Metastases of the Scalp Simulating Turban Tumours , Arch. Derm. Syph. 41:639, 1940.Crossref 8. Alopecia Due to Metastases from Adenocarcinoma of the Breast: Report of a Case , Arch. Derm. Syph. 59:329, 1949.Crossref

LIPNIK, MORRIS J.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150139024pmid: 13762555

Abstract An increase in the amount of hair thinning presented by women has been the subject of many articles recently in both the medical and lay press.1-3 After seeing a considerable number of these patients, particularly an interesting group whose complaint was localized patches of alopecia, I began to search for a common denominator to explain this phenomenon. Questioning these women, as to a source of trauma or injury to their scalps, they admitted to the use of brush rollers to set their hair, anchoring the roller to the scalp with a large plastic pin, provided by the manufacturer, or with a large bobby pin (Fig. 1). A relationship could be established of (1) use of brush rollers; (2) injury to the scalp with the anchoring pin; (3) development of patchy baldness. The patches of alopecia of this group of patients was typically in the midline of the scalp extending References 1. Slepyan, A. H.: Traction Alopecia , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 78:395-397 ( (Sept.) ) 1958.Crossref 2. Guy, W. B., and Edmundson, W. F.: Diffuse Cyclic Hair Loss in Women , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 81:205-207 ( (Feb.) ) 1960.Crossref 3. Sulzberger, M. B.; Witten, V. H., and Kopf, A. W.: Diffuse Alopecia in Women , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 81:556-559 ( (April) ) 1960.Crossref

PERRY, DANIEL J.;MOUNT, GEORGE E.;WRIGHT, EDWIN T.;MALINER, JEROME

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150142025

Abstract Introduction In recent years Perry, Mount, and coworkers have reported their findings in experiments with the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR).1-4 They have demonstrated the effects of drugs and controls in standardization experiments, and the results have consistently shown a rise in GSR level after sweat-stimulating drugs and a fall after sweat-inhibiting compounds. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of the same drugs on the GSR in atopicdermatitis and compare their reactions with controls. Materials and Methods The test group included 20 subjects (10 normal and 10 with atopic dermatitis). The normal individuals were college students ranging in age from 18-28. The atopics varied in age from 25-55, and all were hospitalized in a Veterans hospital for treatment of their skin disease. Their selection was based on the following criteria as outlined by Pillsbury, Shelley, and Kligman.5 All subjects had dermatitis intermittently and for varying periods References 1. This difference between control and atopic groups does not occur in connection with the other drugs. 2. Perry, D. J., and Mount, G. E.: A Comparison of the Effect of Atropine and Placebo on the Galvanic Skin Response , J. Invest. Derm. 22:497-501, 1957.Crossref 3. Perry, D. J.; Mount, G. E.; Hull, C. D., and Zeilenga, R. H.: Effect of Order of Drug Administration and Repeat Placebos on the Galvanic Skin Response in Human Subjects , J. Invest. Derm. 25:179-185, 1955.Crossref 4. Perry, D. J., and Mount, G. E.: Effect of Drugs on Galvanic Skin Response Level: A Study in Sympathectomized Human Subjects , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 72:144-152, 1955.Crossref 5. Perry, D. J.; Mount, G. E., and Browne, Boyd W.: The Effect of Varying Oral Dosages of Banthine, Pro-Banthine, and Prantal on the Galvanic Skin Response , J. Invest. Derm. 28: 239-242, 1957. 6. Pillsbury, D. M.; Shelley, W. B., and Kligman, A. M.: Dermatology , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1956, p. 382. 7. Perry, D. J.; Mount, G. E., and Hull, C. D.: The Effect of Varying Intramuscular Dosages of Atropine and Banthine on the Galvanic Skin Response , J. Psychol. 47:219-222, 1959.Crossref 8. Perry, D. J., and Mount, G. E.: Unpublished data. 9. Kempthorne, O.: Design and Analysis of Experiments , New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1952. 10. Lindquist, E. F.: Design and Analysis of Experiments in Psychology and Education , Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1953. 11. Goodman, L., and Gilman, A.: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1941, p. 360. 12. Hambourger, W. E.; Cook, D. L.; Winbury, M. M., and Freise, H. B.: Pharmacology of Banthine , J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 99:245-254, 1950. 13. Lobitz, W. C., Jr., and Campbell, C. J.: Physiologic Studies in Atopic Dermatitis (Disseminated Neurodermatitis): The Local Cutaneous Response to Intradermally Injected Acetylcholine and Epinephrine , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. Syph. 67: 575-589, 1953.Crossref 14. Eyster, W. H.; Roth, G. M., and Kierland, R. R.: Studies on the Peripheral Vascular Physiology of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis , J. Invest. Derm. 18:37-46, 1952.Crossref 15. Clark, L. L.; Kierland, R. R., and Roth, G. M.: Methacholine Chloride: Vascular Effects of Parenteral Doses in Atopic Dermatitis , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 82:957-964, 1960.Crossref 16. Burn, J. H., and Rand, M. J.: Noradrenaline in Artery Walls and its Dispersal by Reserpine , Brit. Med. J. 1:903-908, 1958.Crossref 17. Davis, M. J., and Lawler, J. C.: Observations on the Delayed Blanch in Atopic Subjects , J. Invest. Derm. 30:127-132, 1958. 18. Burn, J. H.: Relation of Motor and Inhibitor Effects of Local Hormones , Physiol. Rev. 30:177-193, 1950. 19. Winklemann, R. K.: Nerve Endings in Normal and Pathologic Skin , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1960, p. 15.

BAER, TOWNSEND W.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150149026pmid: 13685812

Abstract The antimalarial drugs have been found to be useful in the treatment and arrest of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus, the light sensitive dermatoses, rheumatoid arthritis, and other of the so called "collagen diseases." Although the method of action is unknown, current case reports reveal that this group of drugs is being used in many other disease entities whose etiology is both known and unknown. The following reports of 2 patients with epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria and their clinical response to antimalarial therapy suggests another use for these drugs. A careful search of the literature for the past 10 years reveals no previous report of the use of antimalarial drugs in the treatment of any type of congenital dermatosis. Case 1.— A white female, age 19 years, presented herself with a history of recurrent blisters and ulcers on the exposed portions of the body— face, neck, arms, forearms, hands, legs, and dorsa of References 1. Combination of quinacrine hydrochloride, chloroquine phosphate, and hydroxychloroquine sulfate.

BROCK, JIM M.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150150027

Abstract Microsporum nanum was first described in 1954 by Fuentes, Aboulafia, and Vidal,1 who isolated a "dwarf form" of Microsporum gypseum from a case of tinea capitis (kerion) in an 8-year-old white boy. They classified this organism as M. gypseum var. nanum. Seven months later these same investigators1 isolated a similar strain from a glabrous skin infection in an adult. In 1956 Fuentes2 reported that the 2 isolates previously described had proved to be stable in their gross and microscopic characteristics over a period of 3 years. He then proposed that this organism be considered a new species: Microsporum nanum. Ajello3 now classifies M. nanum as a separate species of Microsporum. The initial case reported by Fuentes et al.1 presented the following findings: 1. The lesion was a kerion. 2. The fungus invaded hair as an endothrix. 3. Infected hairs exposed to Wood's light fluoresced with References 1. Neosporin (composed of polymyxin B sulfate, bacitracin, and neomycin sulfate); Quinolor (contains benzoyl peroxide 10% and Squibb chlorhydroxyquinoline 0.5% in Squibb oleginous ointment base). 2. Fuentes, C. A.; Aboulafia, R., and Vidal, R. J.: A Dwarf Form of Microsporum Gypseum , J. Invest. Derm. 23:51-57, 1954.Crossref 3. Fuentes, C. A.: A New Species of Microsporum , Mycologia 48:613-614, 1956.Crossref 4. Ajello, L.: A New Microsporum and Its Occurrence in Soil and on Animals , Mycologia 51:69-76, 1959.Crossref

GOLDMAN, LEON;COHEN, WILLIAM;PALERMO, JOSEPH

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150151028pmid: 13706565

Abstract An effective topical therapy is still needed in the management of warts, especially the plantar and the periungual types. Often cantharidin does not produce deep enough necrosis even with repeated applications and even after debridements of various degrees. In hyperkeratotic types of warts podophyllin has not been effective because of failure to secure deep penetration. Recently, a topical wart therapy was suggested by Lavender.1 This was a mixture of trichloroacetic acid—26%, glycerin—21%, and salicylic acid—53%. This was an effective medication. However, often it did not penetrate deeply. Also, the mixture dried out on standing and was difficult to maintain in a fluid or semisolid state. When podophyllin was added to this mixture not only was the mixture more rapid in its action but also more effective. Moreover, it did not dry out on exposure to air. The mixture is composed of the following formula: podophyllin—20%, trichloroacetic acid—25%, glycerin—25%, and References 1. Lavender, H. J.: Personal communication to the author.

POMMERENING, ROBERT A.;HAMMER, CHARLES J.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150152029pmid: 13736953

Abstract The familial incidence of pemphigus has been mentioned on a few occasions in the medical literature, generally as a minor note in journals or as a footnote in textbooks. Morris,1 in his textbook, mentions the fact that Kaposi attended a patient in whom 3 other members of the family died of pemphigus (details are not recorded), and he stated that he himself had treated 3 members of one family with the disease. Granirer2 reported the death of a 64-year-old Jewish woman in 1948, two of her brothers having died of pemphigus in 1925 and 1932. This was apparently reported again by Miller and Frank,3 as the details and events of their report closely parallel that of Granirer. Feldman4 makes reference to 2 brothers dying 10 years apart of pemphigus, and Greenbaum5 reports 2 instances of pemphigus in relatives: father and son on the one hand References 1. Morris, M.: Diseases of Skin , Ed. 6, London, Cassel & Co., Ltd., 1917, p. 170. 2. Granirer, L. W.: Three Cases of Pemphigus in the Same Family: Report of One Case , Conn. Med. 12:623, 1948. 3. Miller, O. B., and Frank, L. J.: Familial Pemphigus Vulgaris , Arch. Derm. Syph. 59:484, 1949.Crossref 4. Feldman, S.: Pemphigus in Brothers , Arch. Derm. Syph. 33:730, 1936.Crossref 5. Greenbaum, S. S.: Cases of Familial and of Conjugal Pemphigus Vulgaris , Arch. Derm. Syph. 41:1073, 1940.Crossref 6. Gellis, S., and Glass, F. A.: Pemphigus: A Survey of 170 Patients Admitted to Bellevue Hospital from 1911 to 1941 , Arch. Derm. Syph. 44: 321, 1941.Crossref 7. Hailey, H., and Hailey, H.: Familial Benign Chronic Pemphigus , Arch. Derm. Syph. 39:679, 1939.Crossref

LASHINSKY, ALVIN M.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150154030pmid: 13759278

Abstract Reports on the occurrence of lichen planus in patients with psoriasis are rare. In reviewing the literature, only a few such cases were found. In 1907, Gottheil1 presented a patient with longstanding psoriasis who developed 2 attacks of lichen planus. In this patient, both diseases were present simultaneously. Rostenberg,2 in 1922, presented a psoriatic patient whose psoriasis cleared when she developed lichen planus. This author also referred to 2 cases reported by Graham and Little, where psoriasis and lichen planus were present simultaneously. Rostenberg, Jr.,3 in 1958 referred to a patient with both psoriasis and lichen planus presented by Oliver. In 1927, Brocq4 presented a patient with lichen planus in whom the disease closely simulated psoriasis. He discussed the possible interrelationship between lichen planus and psoriasis, and lichen planus and parapsoriasis. Pinkus,5 in 1958 mentioned cases which appeared to start as pityriasis rosea and then References 1. Gottheil, W. S.: Case presented to Manhattan Dermatologic Society , J. Cut. Dis. 26:182 ( (April) ) 1908. 2. Rostenberg, A.: Case presented to New York Academy of Medicine, Section on Dermatology and Syphilis , Arch. Derm. Syph. 6:378 ( (Sept.) ) 1922. 3. Rostenberg, A., Jr., in discussion on Cornbleet, T.; Barsky, S., and Yazdi, H.: Papulosquamous Disease: Psoriasis; Lichen Planus , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 78:515 ( (Oct.) ) 1958. 4. Brocq, L.: Contribution à l'étude des frontières du lichen plan , Bull. Soc. Franc. Derm. Syph. 34:507 ( (July) ) 1927. 5. Pinkus, H., in discussion on Cornbleet, T.; Barsky, S., and Yazdi, H.: Papulosquamous Disease: Psoriasis; Lichen Planus , A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 78:515 ( (Oct.) ) 1958.Crossref

STRICK, STANLEY;HYMAN, ARTHUR B.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150155031

Abstract It is well known that in lichen planus, as in certain other diseases, there is a tendency for lesions to develop in areas which have been subject to trauma and other insults. Thus, this isomorphic (Koebner) phenomenon in lichen planus may be manifested for example, in a scratch, burn, or in an area subjected to roentgen or thorium-X radiation.1 In addition, lichen planus has been seen in a linear or systematized form without a history of a known preceding insult, following the course of a peripheral nerve, a vein, or Langer's and Voigt's lines.2 Lichen planus occurring in the site of a previous zoster eruption has only rarely been reported. Gougerot and Filliot,3 in 1929, described a case of lichen planus which developed in a scar of zoster of 2-months' duration. In addition to the typical zosteriform lichen planus, the patient also presented lesions of lichen spinulosus References 1. Epstein, S., and Jessner, M.: Provokationsversuche bei Lichen ruber durch Strahlen , Arch. Dermat. u. Syph. 173:311, 1935.Crossref 2. Senear, F. E., and Caro, M. R.: Lichen Striatus , Arch. Derm. Syph. 43:116, 1941.Crossref 3. Gougerot, H., and Filliot: Lichen plan sur cicatrice de zona , Arch. Dermat. Syph. Clin. Hôp., Saint-Louis 1:189, 1929. 4. Davis, M. I.: Zosteriform Lichen Planus , Arch. Derm. Syph. 38:615, 1938.Crossref

SCHNEIDERMAN, R. NEAL

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150157032pmid: 13748283

Abstract Alpha-Keri is a water-dispersible antipruritic oil (a mixture of liquid petrolatum, a hydrous wool fat fraction, and a nonionic emulsifier) used for treatment of dry itchy skin. It has been found to be of greatest value in the treatment of winter itch, where, because of low humidity and the removal of various adnexal secretions by cleansing agents, there develops a dry, pruritic eruption of the skin. As could be anticipated, an allergic contact dermatitis has developed in a patient using this product. The patient is a 35-year-old white female who was first seen in January, for a dry, scaling pruritic eruption of the extremities. It was suggested that the patient use Alpha-Keri in her bath water nightly. This was done according to the directions on the bottle for 3 days. By the fourth day a pruritic eruption had developed on the patient's abdomen. According to the patient the eruption consisted References 1. Generously supplied by Jerome Schimmel, Ph.D., Westwood Pharmaceuticals, 468 Dewitt St., Buffalo.

Bancroft, Charles M.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150158033

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor:— In Vol. 83—No. 3, March 1961, page 386 Mac Brannen et al. mention, "common skin finding not previously described" (Petechial Angiomata).The description is very close to that found in Chapter 7: pages 227-240 of "Vascular Spiders And Related Lesions Of The Skin," William Bennett Bean, M.D. (Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1958)—"Vascular lesions which increase with age."At least, the "problems" appear to be almost identical. Anyway, Dr. William Bean has written an excellent descriptive summary, as have Mac Brannen et al.

Kligman, Albert M.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150158036

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor:— I am obliged to note the earliest description of the tumor which Pinkus and I described under the title of "The Histogenesis of Nevoid Tumors of the Skin: The Folliculoma—a Hair Follicle Tumor," Arch. Derm. 81:922, 1960, was given by Miescher, Dermatologica 89:193, 1944. Interestingly enough, he called this tumor Trichofolliculoma.The article, incidentally, was in French, which, of course, is not an excuse for overlooking it.

Burnham, T. K.;Fosnaugh, Robert P.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150158035

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor:— With reference to our article "Porphyria, Diabetes and Their Relationship" which was published in the Archives of Dermatology, Vol. 83, No. 5, May, 1961, the sentence on p. 719, paragraph 1, line 12, which states, "We are of the opinion, however, that the characteristic bluish-gray tint of porphyric skin is due to the presence of iron" is in error.In this sentence we have inadvertently left the impression that we believe that iron alone is responsible for peculiar hyperpigmentation of the skin in porphyria and hemochromatosis. The sentence should read, "However, we believe that the characteristic bluish-gray tint of porphyric skin is due to the presence of both iron and melanin pigment, the melanosis resulting from the capacity of iron for binding sulfhydryl groups."

Belisario, John C.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150158034

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor:— I have just read with much interest and pleasure, the excellent article "Pilomatrixoma (Calcifying Epithelioma)" by Dr. Robert Forbis Jr. and Dr. Elson B. Helwig.In the second paragraph they state "the name Pilomatrixoma is suggested. This name . . . has the advantage of conveying the histogenesis of the tumour and avoids the use of the word epithelioma, which generally indicates a malignant tumor."While I agree with the first half of this statement, I find it a little difficult to reconcile the last part with the following definitions in Gould's Medical Dictionary: Epithelioma—"Any benign tumor derived from epithelium and composed largely of epithelial cells." Carcinoma—"An epithelial tumor which is malignant." There should, rightly, be no confusion when either of these terms are used.

George, William M.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150159037

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor:— In the May, 1961, issue of the Archives of Dermatology, Dr. Richard A. Oberfield presents an article on "Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus and Kraurosis Vulvae." He states that patients with lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, including five male patients with involvement limited to the penis, were studied and followed, and that none developed carcinoma. Dr. Oberfield states, furthermore, that lichen sclerosus et atrophicus is not a precancerous lesion, and carcinoma does not develop.I would like to bring to Dr. Oberfield's attention the presentations before the San Francisco Dermatologic Society of a man with lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (George, W. M.: Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus, A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 77:138, 1958) and (George, W. M.: Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus, A.M.A. Arch. Derm. 79:370, 1959). Aside from classic and bullous lesions of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the trunk and extremities, the patient had clinical and microscopically verified lichen sclerosus

Kligman, Albert M.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150159039

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor:— I have unintentionally offended Dr. Malkinson. I proffer herewith my profound apologies.I wanted merely to provide an example of how easily one could fall into error and am appalled that my remarks could be interpreted as a slight to their intelligence, which I consider surpassing. As it turned out, they understood the problem very well, much better than I did in fact, and I concede with the utmost contrition every particular of their charge.

Malkinson, Frederick D.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150159038

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor:— In the February issue of the Archives, A. Kligman, in his paper, "Pathologic Dynamics of Human Hair Loss," has misquoted Lynfield and me (J. Invest. Derm. 33: 371, 1959) as having concluded that colchicine precipitates telogen effluvium rather than anagen hair loss. Since the author mentions this paper largely to show that "no intelligent observer would ever confuse these two starkly contrasting situations" (of hair loss), I would like the opportunity to state the facts established in our report, facts which no "intelligent" reader would have misinterpreted or misquoted out of context.First, we are obviously quite aware that colchicine induces anagen hair loss. Our studies in rats and mice described in the same paper Kligman refers to represent the first detailed experimental work showing anagen effluvium from this drug. Secondly, in regard to the patients described in the same paper, Kligman has stated that our finding

Purdy, M. J.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150160041

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor:— Doctor Harry L. Arnold, Jr. is to be thanked for making us think again about some of our unnecessarily ponderous terminology (Arch. Derm. 83:509, 1961).For some years I have used the simple terms "finger webs" and "toe webs." These save enough typewriter ribbon to strangle any newly born hybrid!

Ronchese, Francesco

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150160042

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor:— In regard to the letter of Dr. Woods, February 1961 issue, p. 322, Freund's dermatitis, Freund's oil of bergamot pigmentations is the name given in Italy to what subsequently was described under various names, among them: Dermatite Pigmentaire en forme de coulée, Pigmentation en coulée, Breloque en collier, Toilet water dermatitis. Emanuele Freund, (1869-1940) distinguished dermatologist of Trieste, Italy, first described such a dermatitis in 1916, as stated in Dr. Woods' letter.The discussion about the possible German origin of "berlock" is interesting. Urbach (Allergy, 1943) says that the term berloque dermatitis was coined by Rosenthal. It is peculiar for a German to create a French term. Assuming a French origin from "breloque," (pendantnecklace, trinket, charm) it is one of the outstanding nomenclature misfits. It may sound desirable because picturesque, like "d'emblée." In spite of its apparent French origin, modern French textbooks of dermatology and dictionaries do

Schamberg, Ira Leo

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150160043

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor:— My father's name was spelt as mine is, with a "c." The surgical instrument manufacturers spell it correctly (Schamberg comedone extractor). Dr. Leonard E. Savitt (A Combination Scalpel and Comedone Extractor, Arch. Derm. 83:660-661 (April) 1961) didn't. I hope he and other dermatologists will.

van de Erve, John

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150160040

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor:— In the March 1961 issue of the Archives of Dermatology on page 509 you have a brief note on "Interfinger webs" by my good friend, Dr. Harry L. Arnold, Jr. who has in the past served us well in pointing out inconsistencies, poor terminology, and outworn labels. In this instance, however, it seems to me that the good doctor is continuing verbosity rather than deleting it.I agree heartily with him that the word interdigital is long and somewhat clumsy. But so are the terms "interfinger webs" and "intertoe webs." What is wrong with simple toeweb and fingerweb? These terms are shorter, they are in present day common use, and we know exactly what they mean. For example, "fingerweb blastomycosis" and "toeweb dermatitis."If these shorter terms are used, even more of the Arnold typewriter ribbon may be spared.

Wright, Carroll S.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150161044

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract To the Editor:— I well recall, and you may too, that the old style of comedo extractor had a stylet on one end for punching an acne pustule before its contents were pressed out. From 1922 to 1934 I was associated in practice with Dr. Jay F. Schamberg, and on numerous occasions I heard him say that the reason he had devised the comedo extractor that goes by his name, was that he disapproved of cutting the acne pustules as he felt that this increased scar formation. If necessary he would at times sharpen an applicator stick to a fine point and dilate the pustule slightly before pressing out the contents rather than make an incision. I believe that if Dr. Schamberg were living today that he would not approve of the modification of his comedo extractor suggested by Dr. Leonard E. Savitt in the April number of the Archives

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150161045

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract The Archives of Dermatology apologizes for the error in the title line on page 325 of the August issue. This is an error made by the printer after the final release of the material by the Editorial Office. The correct title line should read John Hinchman Stokes, M.D.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150162046

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.

Stewart, John J.;Sato, Sam I.;Netherton, Thomas E.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150163047

Abstract Lichen Myxedematosus. Presented by Dr. James F. Madison and Dr. John R. Haserick. History: This 40-year-old white female was in good health until the fall of 1959 when her earlobes became "sensitive" to touch, and she noted redness of the bridge of the nose and coarsening of the skin over the glabella. During the next 8 months, the patient developed transient flushing on the thighs, followed by the appearance of asymptomatic flesh-colored papules on the knees elbows, arms, earlobes, cheeks, forehead, nose, and dorsa of the wrists and fingers, in that order. In July of 1960 the patient noted persistent erythema of the face, sparing the periorbital skin and giving the appearance of having been sunburned while wearing dark glasses. Beginning in October, 1960, the patient experienced mild swelling of the fingers, stiffness of the knees and ankles, soreness in the tibiae and heels, and numbness and cyanosis of the

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150168048

Abstract Acne Rosacea? Presented by Dr. Anker K. Jensen. History: An American male of Mexican descent, age 42, developed a skin eruption about 2 years ago on the central part of the forehead. This has spread to involve the upper part of the nose and cheeks. The involved skin is erythematous with some edema and swelling of the subcutaneous tissue, especially over the upper part of the nose and center of the forehead. The patient states that there are occasional pustules present in the involved areas, and that being in the sun or a warm room makes it worse. Treatment: He has received some superficial x-ray and has taken Acidulin by mouth. He has applied different combinations of hydrocortisone, sulfur, and resorcin. The above cleared the pustular element but not the erythema, so he was given Aralen and B12 injections for about 2 months. This was stopped, and he was

Zimmerman, Murray C.;Saperstein, Rose B.;Carney, John W.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150171049

Abstract Case for Diagnosis: Trichoepithelioma? Presented by Dr. John B. Watson. A 10½-year-old, white girl has had a firm, scaling, erythematous plaque on the left side of her chin for one year.Three direct microscopic examinations and 1 culture were negative for fungi. Her hemoglobin was 14 gm. %; a urinalysis gave normal findings.Therapy with numerous ointments was of no value.A 3-mm. punch biopsy was done on Nov. 3, 1960. A general pathologist interpreted the findings as possible trichoepithelioma. Discussion Dr. Vincent Burby, [Slide]: I might say that I found it rather hard to correlate the microscopic findings with the clinical findings. The nests of basal cells don't strike me as being what one would see in trichoepithelioma. They are extremely large, possibly the result of some abnormality in the cutting or the preparation of the section, rather than being the true nests that we see in trichoepithelioma. It looks

Costello, Maurice J.;Barker, Leslie P.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150174050

Abstract Case for Diagnosis: Pigmentation and Panniculitsi Following the Injection of Iron. Presented by Dr. Leslie P. Barker. Patient: Former secretary, female, aged 35. History: Patient contracted brucellosis in Lisbon in 1952. The disease was not diagnosed until March, 1958. In spite of various treatments she still has periodic bouts of fever and malaise.From November, 1958, to May, 1959, she received 1 or 2 injections of iron (Imferon) per week in the gluteal muscles on each side. The site of injection became quite painful at the time and later developed a light to dark brown plaque-like and mottled pigmentation over the injection sites, each several inches in diameter. The areas are still tender, but not infiltrated.In November, 1958, she received 2 weekly injections of the same product in the right deltoid area. This area became red and very tender. When first seen, Dec. 20, 1960, there was a red,

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150186053

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract In the article, "Antibiotics and Pustulocystic Acne" by Dr. Bernard Wansker, which appeared in the July 1961 issue of the Archives, there are two corrections to be made in the first paragraph of the second column of page 97. (1) The last sentence should read: See article by Dr. Cornbleet, page 414 of the March, 1961, issue of the Archives. (2) Dr. Cornbleet's study did not use a placebo control, although a group did receive antibiotics as the sole treatment.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150186052

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract In the July issue of the Archives, the abstracts appearing on pages 170 and 171 were, through a printing error, credited as being abstracted by Arthur L. Norins, M.D. These articles were abstracted by Orlando Canizares, M.D.

1961 Archives of Dermatology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580150186051

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract In the report (Arch. Dermat. 83:878 [May] 1961) of the transactions of the New York Dermatological Society of Oct. 25, 1960 meeting, the title of the first case presented by Dr. Orlando Canizares was given as "Light-Sensitivity Eruption? Lupus Erythematosus in the Fixture Destroyed Type. Lymphocytic Infiltration of the Skin." Dr. Canizares states that the title of this case as he gave it was "Lupus Erythematosus."