A.M.A. Archives of Dermatology

REILLY, EMMETT B.;SHINTANI, JURO;GOODMAN, JOSEPH

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1955.01540290001001pmid: 14360778

Abstract The proliferation of mast cells in the skin of patients with urticaria pigmentosa has been well described.* We would present the findings in systemic mast-cell disease suggesting that the disseminate variety of disease may be more frequent than has been previously recognized. Further, some ideas regarding the mast cell and its function are listed to explain certain of the findings here noted. The possible action of the mast cell in the inflammatory response is also considered. I. SYSTEMIC MAST-CELL DISEASE Urticaria pigmentosa ordinarily occurs in childhood, with approximately 70% of the total recorded cases1 having their onset in the first year. The characteristic cutaneous lesions are macules, papules, or, less frequently, nodules which vary from yellow-brown to violet. The tendency of these lesions when irritated to urticate is the basis for the name of the disease. The trunk is ordinarily the most extensively References 1. References 1 and 2. 2. References 3 to 5 and Sagher, F.: Personal communication to the authors. 3. References 6 to 8. 4. References 10 to 12. 5. References 13 and 14. 6. References 15 to 19. 7. References 22 and 23. 8. References 24 and 25. 9. References 26 and 28. 10. Ormsby, O. S., and Montgomery, H.: Diseases of the Skin , Ed. 7, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1948, pp. 177-181. 11. Lever, W. F.: Histopathology of the Skin , Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1949, p. 49. 12. Sagher, F.; Cohen, C., and Schorr, S.: Concomitant Bone Changes in Urticaria Pigmentosa , J. Invest. Dermat. 18:425-432, 1952. 13. Clyman, S. G., and Rein, C. R.: Urticaria Pigmentosa Associated with Bone Lesions: A Summary and Report of 8 Cases , J. Invest. Dermat. 19:179-185, 1952.Crossref 14. Calnan, C. D.: Urticaria Pigmentosa with Bone Lesions: 2 Cases , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 46: 544-555, 1953. 15. Hissard, R.; Moncourier, F., and Jacquet, J.: Une nouvelle affection hématodermique, la mastocytose , Compt. rend. Acad. sc. 231:253-255, 1950. 16. Ellis, J. M.: Urticaria Pigmentosa , Arch. Path. 48:426-435, 1949. 17. Touraine, Solente, and Renault, P.: Urticaire pigmentaire avec réaction splénique et myélémique , Bull. Soc. franç. dermat. et syph. 40:1691-1694, 1933. 18. Bloom, F.: Spontaneous Solitary and Multiple Mast Cell Tumors , Arch. Path. 33:661-676, 1942. 19. Paff, G. H.; Bloom, F., and Reilly, C.: The Morphology and Behavior of Neoplastic Mast Cells Cultivated in Vitro , J. Exper. Med. 86:117-123, 1947.Crossref 20. Zitcer, E. M., and Kirk, P. L.: The Effect of Serum Ultrafiltrate on Cultivated Mast Cells and Fibroblasts from Human Skin , Science 119:99, 1954.Crossref 21. Zitcer, E. M.; Elisasser, W. H., and Kirk, P. L.: Cultivation and Morphology of Human Tissue Mast Cells in Vitro , Growth 17:111-122, 1953. 22. Fadem, R.: Tissue Mast Cells in Human Bone Marrow , Blood 6:614-630, 1951. 23. Williams, F. T.: Tissue Mast Cells in Human Bone Marrow , Am. J. Clin. Path. 22:1039-1043, 1952. 24. Jorpes, J. E.: Heparin in the Treatment of Thrombosis , Ed. 2, New York and London, Oxford University Press, 1946, p. 66. 25. Riley, J. F., and West, G. B.: The Presence of Histamine in Tissue Mast Cells , J. Physiol. 120: 528-37, 1953. 26. Riley, J. F., and West, G. B.: Mast Cells and Histamine in Normal and Pathological Tissues , J. Physiol. 119:44-45, 1953. 27. Asboe-Hansen, G.: Om bindevaivets mucinose substanser , Copenhagen, Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1951. 28. Riley, J. F., and West, G. B.: Heparin in Tissue Mast Cells , J. Physiol. 117:72-73, 1952. 29. Oliver, J.; Bloom, F., and Mangieri, E.: On the Origin of Heparin: Examination of the Heparin Content and the Specific Cytoplasmic Particles of Neoplastic Mast Cells , J. Exper. Med. 86:107-116, 1947.Crossref 30. Graham, D.; Lyon, T.; Gofman, J.; Jones, H.; Tonkley, A.; Simonton, J., and White, S.: Blood Lipids and Human Atherosclerosis: II. Influence of Heparin on Lipoprotein Metabolism , Circulation 4:666-673, 1951.Crossref 31. Cairns, A., and Constantinides, P.: Mast Cells in Human Atherosclerosis , Science 120:31-32, 1954.Crossref 32. Constantinides, P.: Mast Cells and Susceptibility to Experimental Atherosclerosis , Science 117:505-506, 1953.Crossref 33. Pierce, F.: Relationship of ACTH and Cortisone to the Serum Lipoproteins of the Rabbit , Metabolism 1:163-171, 1952. 34. Bloom, B., and Pierce, F. T.: Relationship of ACTH and Cortisone to Serum Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis in Humans , Metabolism 1:155-162, 1952. 35. Asboe-Hansen, G.: The Mast Cell and Object of Cortisone Action on Connective Tissue , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 80:677-679, 1952. 36. Riley, J. F., and West, G. B.: The Presence of Histamine in Tissue Mast Cells , J. Physiol. 120: 528-537, 1952. 37. Cavallero, C., and Braccini, C.: Effect of Cortisone on the Mast Cells of the Rat , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 78:141-143, 1951. 38. Devitt, J. E.; Samuels, P. B.; Pirozynski, W. J., and Webster, D. R.: Morphology of Tissue Mast Cells: The Frequency of Artefacts and the Influence of Certain Biologic Agents , Am. J. Path. 30:391-398, 1954. 39. Morrione, T. G.: Formation of Collagen Fibers by the Action of Heparin on Soluble Collagen , J. Exper. Med. 96:107-114, 1952. 40. Highberger, J.; Gross, J., and Schmitt, F.: The Interaction of Mucoprotein with Soluble Collagen: An Electron Microscope Study , Proc. Nat. Acad. Sc. 37:286-291, 1951. 41. Menkin, V.: Newer Concepts of Inflammation , Pub. No. 70, American Lectures in Dentistry , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1950, pp. 23-29.

DUBOIS, EDMUND L.

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1955.01540290010002pmid: 14360779

Abstract The lupus erythematosus cell phenomenon is intimately connected with the pathogenesis and clinical results of therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus. A method has been devised for quantitatively assaying in vitro the effects of various chemicals upon this phenomenon. Detailed observations of the inhibition of lupus erythematosus cell formation by quinacrine (Atabrine) are presented. Prokoptchouk in 1940 introduced the use of quinacrine in the treatment of lupus erythematosus,1 and Popoff2 reported similar success. Since the recent report in the English literature by Page3 there have been a number of confirmatory studies.* One of the cases in Page's series had active systemic lupus, which responded well to 200 mg. of quinacrine daily. In view of this and the evidence that systemic lupus erythematosus is a malignant form of the discoid variety, it seemed important to study the use of quinacrine (Mepacrine) in the generalized References 1. References 4 to 8. 2. References 9 and 10. 3. References 13 to 19. 4. References 20 to 23. 5. References 29 and 30. 6. Prokoptchouk, A. J.: Traitement du lupus érythémateux par l'acrriquine , Vestnik. venerol. i dermat. 213:23, 1940 7. abstracted in 1952 Year Book of Dermatology and Syphilology , Chicago, The Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1943, p. 92. 8. Popoff, L., and Kutinscheff, M.: Case Presentations , Dermat. Wchnschr. 116:186, 1943 9. Goldman, D.; Cole, O. P., and Preston, R. H.: Chloroquine Diphosphate in Treatment of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus , J. A. M. A. 152:1428-1429 ( (Aug. 8) ) 1953.Crossref 10. Page, F.: Treatment of Lupus Erythematosus with Mepacrine , Lancet 2:755 ( (Oct.) ) 1951.Crossref 11. Wells, G. C.: Treatment of Chronic Discoid Lupus Erythematosus with Atabrine , J. Invest. Dermat. 19:405 ( (Dec.) ) 1952.Crossref 12. Sawicky, H. H.; Kanof, N. B.; Silverberg, M. G.; Braitman, M., and Kalish, B.: Quinacrine Hydrochloride (Atabrine Hydrochloride) for Chronic Discoid Lupus Erythematosus , J. Invest. Dermat. 19:397-404 ( (Dec.) ) 1952.Crossref 13. Cramer, J. A., and Lewis, G. M.: Atabrine in the Treatment of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus , J. Invest. Dermat. 19:393-396 ( (Dec.) ) 1952.Crossref 14. O'Leary, P. A.; Brunsting, L. A., and Kierland, R. R.: Quinacrine (Atabrine) Hydrochloride in Treatment of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus , A. M. A. Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 67:633-634 ( (June) ) 1953. 15. Courville, C. J., and Perry, E. T.: Quinacrine (Atabrine) in Treatment of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus , A. M. A. Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 67:510-511 ( (May) ) 1953. 16. Dubois, E. L.: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus , M. Clin. North. America 36:1111-1125 ( (July) ) 1952. 17. Brunsting, L. A.: Acute Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus , M. Clin. North America 35:399-409 ( (March) ) 1951. 18. Dubois, E. L.; Commons, R. R.; Starr, P.; Stein, C. S., Jr., and Morrison, M.: Corticotropin and Cortisone Treatment for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus , J. A. M. A. 149:995-1002 ( (July 12) ) 1952. 19. Dubois, E. L.: Quinacrine (Atabrine) in the Treatment of Systemic and Discoid Lupus Erythematosus , A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 94:131-141 ( (July) ) 1954. 20. Dubois, E. L.: Acquired Hemolytic Anemia as the Presenting Syndrome of Lupus Erythematosus Disseminatus , Am. J. Med. 12:197-204 ( (Feb.) ) 1952. 21. Dubois, E. L.: The Effect of the L. E. Cell Test on the Clinical Picture of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus , Ann. Int. Med. 38:1265-1293 ( (June) ) 1953. 22. Dubois, E. L.: Simplified Method for the L. E. Cell Test , A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 92:168-184 ( (Aug.) ) 1953. 23. Haserick, J. R.: Plasma L. E. Test in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus , J. A. M. A. 146: 16-20 ( (May 5) ) 1951. 24. Suksta, A., and Conley, C. L.: Some Observations on the L. E. Cell , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 37: 597-602 ( (April) ) 1951. 25. Tumulty, P. A., and Harvey, A. M.: Joint Involvement in Lupus Erythematosus Disseminatus , Bull. Rheumat. Dis. 2:17-18 ( (May) ) 1952. 26. Walsh, J. R., and Egan, R. L.: The Reliability of the L. E. Test , New England J. Med. 246: 775-776 ( (May 15) ) 1952. 27. Dustan, H. P.; Taylor, R. D.; Corcoran, A. C., and Page, I. H.: A Syndrome Elicited by Prolonged Administration of Large Doses of Hydralazine , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 42:801, 1953. 28. Dustan, H. P.; Taylor, R. D.; Corcoran, A. C., and Page, I. H.: Rheumatic and Febrile Syndrome During Prolonged Hydralazine Treatment , J. A. M. A. 154:23 ( (Jan. 2) ) 1954. 29. Perry, H. M., Jr., and Schroeder, H. A.: Syndrome Simulating Collagen Disease Caused by Hydralazine (Apresoline) , J. A. M. A. 154:670-673 ( (Feb. 20) ) 1954. 30. Manter, W. M.: Late Reaction to Hydralazine (Apresoline) Therapy , New England J. Med. 250:835-836 ( (May 13) ) 1954. 31. Kurnick, N. B.; Schwartz, L. I.; Pariser, S., and Lee, S. L.: A Specific Inhibitor for Human Desoxyribonuclease and an Inhibitor of the Lupus Erythematosus Cell Phenomenon for Leukocytes . J. Clin. Invest. 32:193-201 ( (March) ) 1953. 32. Lanchantin, G. F., and Ware, A. G.: Identification of a Thromboplastin Inhibitor in Serum and in Plasma , J. Clin. Invest. 32:381-389 ( (April) ) 1953. 33. Gray, S. J., and Mitchell, E. B.: Effect of Purified Protein Fractions on Sedimentation Rate of Erythrocytes , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 51:403-434 ( (Dec.) ) 1952. 34. Brodie, B. B., and Udenfriend, S.: The Estimation of Atabrine in Biological Fluids and Tissues , J. Biol. Chem. 151:299-317 ( (Nov.) ) 1943. 35. Haserick, J. R.: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, exhibit brochure , American Medical Association, Annual Session , San Francisco, (June 26) -30, 1950. 36. Shannon, J. A., and others: The Pharmacological Basis for the Rational Use of Atabrine in the Treatment of Malaria , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 81:308-330 ( (Aug.) ) 1944. 37. Alving, A. A., and others: Studies on Chronic Toxicity of Chloroquine , J. Clin. Invest. 27:60-65 (May, pt. (2) ) 1948.

HUFF, STANLEY E.

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1955.01540290015003pmid: 14360780

Abstract Certain skin diseases are accompanied by a vascular dysfunction in areas which are remote from the sites of visible lesions. This abnormality has been demonstrated by changes in the forms of photoelectric plethysmograms of the fingers of patients with lupus erythematosus1 and psoriasis2 which are similar to those found in arteriosclerosis,3 hypertension,3 and pseudoxanthoma elasticum.4 It is the purpose of this report to present the results of photoelectric plethysmograms of patients with various dermatoses. MATERIAL AND METHODS Studies were made on 28 normal subjects and on 16 patients with various types of lupus erythematosus, 7 with scleroderma (1 linear and 4 localized), 11 with psoriasis, 12 with atopic dermatitis, and 15 with miscellaneous dermatoses, including dermatitis herpetiformis, eczema, dermatomyositis, pemphigus, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, neurotic excoriations, lichen planus, erythema multiforme, and tuberculid. None of the subjects tested had clinical References 1. Huff, S. E.; Taylor, H. L., and Keys, A.: Observations on the Peripheral Blood Flow in Chronic Lupus Erythematosus , J. Invest. Dermat. 14:21-36 ( (Jan.) ) 1950. 2. Huff, S. E., and Taylor, H. L.: Observations on Peripheral Circulation in Psoriasis , A. M. A. Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 68:385-388 ( (Oct.) ) 1953. 3. Dillon, J. B., and Hertzman, A. B.: The Form of the Volume Pulse in the Finger Pad in Health, Arteriosclerosis, and Hypertension , Am. Heart J. 21:172-190 ( (Feb.) ) 1941. 4. Carlborg, U.: Studies of Circulatory Disturbances, Pulse Wave Velocity and Pressure Pulses in Larger Arteries in Cases of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum and Angioid Streaks: Contribution to Knowledge of Function of Elastic Tissue and Smooth Muscles on Larger Arteries , Acta med. scandinav. ( (Supp.) ) 151:1-209, 1944. 5. Hertzman, A. B.: Photoelectric Plethysmography of Fingers and Toes in Man , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 37:529-534 ( (Dec.) ) 1937. 6. Madden, J. F.: Histologic Studies of Uninvolved Skin of Patients with Psoriasis , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 44:655-664 ( (Oct.) ) 1941. 7. Milberg, I. L.: The Reactive Hyperemia Response of the Uninvolved Skin of Patients with Psoriasis , J. Invest. Dermat. 9:31-39 ( (July) ) 1947. 8. Graham, D. T.: The Relation of Psoriasis to Attitude and to Vascular Reactions of the Human Skin , J. Invest. Dermat. 22:379-388 ( (May) ) 1954. 9. Graham, D. T., and Wolf, S.: Pathogenesis of Urticaria , J. A. M. A. 143:1396-1402 ( (Aug. 19) ) 1950. 10. Graham, D. T., and Wolf, S.: The Relation of Eczema to Attitude and to Vascular Reactions of the Human Skin , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 42:238-254, 1953. 11. Eyster, W. H., Jr.; Roth, G. M., and Kierland, R. R.: Studies on the Peripheral Vascular Physiology of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis , J. Invest. Dermat. 18:37-46 ( (Jan.) ) 1952. 12. Lewis, T., and Grant, R. T.: Vascular Reactions of the Skin to Injury: Part II. The Liberation of a Histamine-like Substance in Injured Skin; the Underlying Cause of Factitious Urticaria and of Wheals Produced by Burning, and Observations upon the Nervous Control of Certain Skin Reactions , Heart 11:209-265 ( (May) ) 1924. 13. Williams, D. H.: Skin Temperature Reaction to Histamine in Atopic Dermatitis (Disseminated Neurodermatitis) , J. Invest. Dermat. 1:119-129 ( (April) ) 1938. 14. Hertzman, A. B., and Roth, L. W.: The Reactions of the Digital Artery and Minute Pad Arteries to Local Cold , Am. J. Physiol. 136:680-691 ( (June) ) 1942.

CAVE, VERNAL G.;KOPF, ALFRED W.;VEGAS, FRANCISCO KERDEL

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1955.01540290019004pmid: 14360781

Abstract Myoblastoma or granular cell myoblastoma is an unusual condition of the skin and internal organs. While its characteristic histopathology is agreed upon, its histogenesis is in dispute. It was first established as an entity by Abrikossoff in 1926 on the basis of five cases.1 Subsequently in 1931 Abrikossoff added seven more cases.2 In 1952 Wen-Hsiang Ma3 collected 287 cases from the literature. Of these, the ages of the patients were given in 68 cases. Whereas 62 were adults, only 4 were in the first decade of life and 2 in the second decade. These reported lesions in children all were solitary myoblastomas. As far as could be determined seven cases of multiple granular cell myoblastoma, all in adults, were previously recorded in the literature. Klemperer4 reported a 23-year-old Negro woman who had two isolated myoblastomas. Powell5 described a case References 1. The Tumor Service (Dr. Herbert Willy Meyer, Chief) of the University Hospital gave permission to report this case. 2. Stout, A. P.: Personal communication to the authors, June, 1954. 3. References 1 and 2. 4. References 28 and 29. 5. Abrikossoff, A. I.: Über Myome, ausegehend von der quergestreiften willkürlichen Muskulature , Arch. path. Anat. 260:215, 1926.Crossref 6. Abrikossoff, A. I.: Weitere Untersuchungen über Myoblastenmyome , Arch. path. Anat. 280: 723, 1931.Crossref 7. Ma, W.-H.: Myoblastoma , Chinese M. J. 70:35, 1952. 8. Klemperer, P.: Myoblastoma of the Striated Muscle , Am. J. Cancer 20:324, 1934.Crossref 9. Powell, E. B.: Granular Cell Myoblastoma , Arch. Path. 42:517, 1946. 10. Bloom, D., and Ginzler, A. M.: Myoblastoma , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 56:648, 1947. 11. Ashburn, L. L., and Rodger, R. C.: Myoblastomas, Neural Origin , Am. J. Clin. Path. 22: 440, 1952. 12. Bangle, R., Jr.: A Morphological and Histochemical Study of the Granular-Cell Myoblastoma , Cancer 5:950, 1952. 13. Gutstein, W. H.: Granular-Cell Myoblastoma of Multicentric Origin , Am. J. Surg. 85:700, 1953. 14. Diss, A.: Un nouveau type de tumeur musculaire: le rhabdomyome granulocellulaire , Bull. Assoc. franç. étude du cancer 16:863, 1927. 15. Keynes, G.: Rhabdomyoma of the Tongue , Brit. J. Surg. 13:570, 1926. 16. Grayzel, D. M., and Friedman, H. H.: Myoblastoma of the Thoracic Wall , Arch. Path. 31: 512, 1941. 17. Roffo, A. H.: Miolosis nodular de la lengua , Bol. Inst. med. exper. estud. y trat. cáncer 4:237, 1928. 18. Fust, J. A., and Custer, R. P.: On the Neurogenesis of So-Called Granular Cell Myoblastoma , Am. J. Clin. Path. 19:522, 1949. 19. Bauer, W. H., in Anderson, W. A. D., editor: Pathology , Ed. 2, St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Company, 1953, p. 747. 20. Pearse, A. G. E.: The Histogenesis of Granular Cell Myoblastoma ( ? Granular-Cell Perineural Fibroblastoma) , J. Path. & Bact. 62: 351, 1950. 21. Cole, H. N., and Lund, H. Z.: Nonlipid Granular Cell Tumors (Myoblastoma) , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 60:765, 1949. 22. Howe, C. W., and Warren, S.: Myoblastoma , Surgery 16:319, 1944. 23. Murphy, G. H.; Dockerty, M. B., and Broders, A. C.: Myoblastoma , Am. J. Path. 25: 1157, 1949. 24. Schmincke, A.: Die Regeneration der quergestreiften Muskelfasern bie den Säugetieren , Beitr. Path. Anat. u. allg. Path. 45:424, 1909. 25. Murray, M. R.: Cultural Characteristics of Three Granular-Cell Myoblastomas , Cancer 4:857, 1951. 26. Gray, S. H., and Gruenfeld, G. E.: Myoblastoma , Am. J. Cancer , 30:699, 1937. 27. Klinge, F.: Über die sogenannten unreifen, nicht quergestreiften Myoblastenmyome , Verhandl. deutsch. path. Gesellsch. 23:376, 1928. 28. Fust, J. A., and Custer, R. P.: Granular Cell "Myoblastomas" and Granular Cell Neurofibromas: Separation of Neurogenous Tumors from the Myoblastoma Group , Am. J. Path. 24:674, 1948. 29. Wegelin, C.: Myoblastoma , Schweiz. Ztschr. allg. Path. 10:631, 1947. 30. Crane, A. R., and Tremblay, R. G.: Myoblastoma (Granular Cell Myoblastoma or Myoblastic Myoma) , Am. J. Path. 21:357, 1945. 31. Horn, R. C., Jr., and Stout, A. P.: Granular Cell Myoblastoma , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 76:315, 1943. 32. Kraus, A. R.; Melnick, P. J., and Weinberg, J. M.: Myoblastoma of the Bronchus , J. Thoracic Surg. 17:382, 1948. 33. Lowbeer, L.: "Granular Cell Myoblastomas" of Unusual Locations (Bronchus, Breast, Chest Wall) , Am. J. Path. 25:1157, 1949. 34. Coggins, R. P.: Granular-Cell Myoblastoma of the Common Bile Duct , A. M. A. Arch. Path. 54:398, 1952. 35. Kern, A. B.; Kaufman, J. J., and Combes, F. C.: Granular Cell Myoblastoma; Report of Case Simulating Granuloma Inguinale , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 62:109, 1950. 36. Ross, R. C.; Miller, T. R., and Foote, F. W., Jr.: Malignant Granular-Cell Myoblastoma , Cancer 5:112, 1952. 37. Ravich, A.; Stout, A. P., and Ravich, R. A.: Malignant Granular Cell Myoblastoma Involving the Urinary Bladder , Ann. Surg. 121:361, 1945. 38. Tuta, J. A., and Schmidt, F. R.: So-Called Myoblastoma , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 46:225, 1942. 39. Gross, S., and Wood, C.: Hibernoma , Cancer 6:159, 1953. 40. Custer, R. P., and Fust, J. A.: Congenital Epulis , Am. J. Clin. Path. 22:1044, 1952. 41. Christopherson, W. M.; Foote, T. W., and Stewart, F. W.: Alveolar Soft-Part Sarcoma , Cancer 5:100, 1952.

CROTTY, RICHARD Q.

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1955.01540290027005pmid: 14360782

Abstract In 1908 Leiner1 described the peculiar skin condition among nursing infants to which he applied the name erythrodermia desquamativa. Since this first report, the foreign literature, especially German, has contained other reports of this disease. More,2 Haeckel,3 Schoenfeld,4 and Wittmann5 among others, have reported large numbers of cases. In the American literature, case reports have been scarce.6 So it is assumed that cases of typical "Leiner's disease" are uncommon or rarely observed in America.7 During the month of January, 1954, four cases of erythroderma desquamativum came under my observation at the Air Force Hospital in Wiesbaden, Germany. These cases were similar to the original ones described by Leiner; however, certain characteristics were different. These differences will be outlined below. This disease must be differentiated from atopic erythroderma, which it resembles most closely. These differences are shown in the Table. Cases References 1. Leiner, C.: Erythrodermia Desquamativa , Brit. J. Child. Dis. 5:244, 1908. 2. More: Monatsschr. Kinderh. 23: ( (May) ) 1922. 3. Haeckel, B.: Erythroderma Desquamativa (Leiner) , Monatsschr. Kinderh. 23:197 ( (May) ) 1922. 4. Schoenfeld, H.: Zur Allgemeinbehandlung der Erythrodermia desquamativa , Monatsschr. Kinderh. 54:268, 1932.Crossref 5. Wittmann, J.: Erythrodermia desquamativa , Ztschr. Kinderh. 35:275 ( (June) ) 1923.Crossref 6. Hill, L. W.: Erythrodermia Desquamativa , J. Pediat. 4:435 ( (April) ) 1934.Crossref 7. Andrews, G. C. A.: Diseases of the Skin for Practitioners and Students , Ed. 3, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1946, p. 183. 8. Hill, L. W.: Atopic Erythroderma , in Brennemann's Practice of Pediatrics , Hagerstown, Md., W. F. Prior Company, Inc., 1948, Vol. 4, Chap 43, p. 50.

MOON-ADAMS, DABNEY;SLATKIN, MEYER H.

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1955.01540290031006pmid: 14360783

Abstract Increased pigmentation of the skin due to melanin occurs in many unrelated conditions and is produced by a variety of causes. It is usually possible to differentiate between types of pigmentation and to classify them as entities resulting from local or systemic causes. Congenital and progressive pigmentation is seldom described. Because of its rarity such a condition associated with dystrophy of the nails and slight atrophy of the skin in two sisters and a cousin is reported. REPORT OF CASES Case 1.—K. K., a 29-year-old housewife, the eldest of four children, was born in the United States of Greek parents. Her mother, who died of septicemia at 47 years of age, had normal brunette coloring. Her father, aged 65, has blue eyes and fair skin. A sister, aged 28, has melanoderma, described in Case 2. A second sister, aged 22, has normal brunette coloring, and a brother, References 1. Pusey, W. A., in discussion on Engman.2 2. Wende, G. W., and Baukus, H. H.: A Hitherto Underscribed Generalized Pigmentation of the Skin Appearing in Infancy in Brother and Sister , J. Cutan. Dis. 37:685 ( (Oct.) ) 1919. 3. Engman, M.: A Unique Case of Reticular Pigmentation of the Skin with Atrophy , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 13:685 ( (May) ) 1926. 4. Engman, M. F., Jr.: Congenital Atrophy of the Skin, with Reticular Pigmentation , J. A. M. A. 105:1252 ( (Oct. 19) ) 1935. 5. Cole, H. N.; Rauschkolb, J. E., and Toomey, J.: Dyskeratosis Congenita with Pigmentation, Dystrophia Unguis and Leukokeratosis Oris , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 21:71 ( (Jan.) ) 1930. 6. Garb, J., and Rubin, G.: Dyskeratosis Congenita With Pigmentation, Dystrophia Unguium and Leukoplakia Oris (Cole and Others) , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 50:191 ( (Sept.) ) 1944. 7. Becker, S. W., and Reuter, M. J.: A Familial Pigmentary Anomaly , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 40: 987 ( (Dec.) ) 1939. 8. Oakley, E. D.: Generalized Macular Pigmentation , Brit. J. Dermat. & Syph. 60:108 ( (March) ) 1948.

FINDLAY, GEORGE H.;STOUGHTON, RICHARD B.

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1955.01540290039007pmid: 14360784

Abstract The histologic structure of keloid is generally considered to be similar whether the keloid follows an injury or arises spontaneously. Two cases are reported here in which the clinical appearances were those of keloid and no history of trauma could be obtained. The histologic features were quite unlike those of any condition familiar to us and were not reminiscent of keloid as it is normally understood. However, it appeared as if a subsidiary and variable feature of keloid structure had become so predominant as to alter the microscopic picture completely. REPORT OF CASES Case 1.—W. T., a 56-year-old East Indian man, had been a resident of the United States since he was 26 years of age. His medical history was negative, except for pulmonary tuberculosis, which had developed when he was 36 years old and had been inactive since the age of 45. The skin lesion in References 1. Findlay, G. H.: On Elastase and the Elastic Dystrophies of the Skin , Brit. J. Dermat. 66:16-24, 1954.Crossref 2. Gomori, G.: Aldehyde-Fuchsin: A New Stain for Elastic Tissue , Am. J. Clin. Path. 20:665-666, 1950. 3. Korting, G. N.: Über Keloidartige Sklerodermie , Arch. Dermat. u. Syph. 198:306-318, 1954.Crossref 4. Lipschutz, B.: Über eine bisher nicht beschriebene Naevusform , Arch. Dermat. u. Syph. 139:477-482, 1922.Crossref 5. Stoughton, R. B.: The Selective Affinity of Anionic Detergents for Elastica: A New Stain for Elastica , J. Invest. Dermat. , to be published. 6. Woringer, F.: Tumeurs fibrocytaires, in Nouvelle pratique dermatologique, edited by Darier and others , Paris, Masson & Cie, 1936, Vol. 6.

BLUEFARB, SAMUEL M.;SZYMANSKI, FREDERICK J.;ROSTENBERG, ADOLPH

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1955.01540290042008pmid: 14360785

Abstract Most dermatological textbooks do not mention sarcoidosis as a cause of patchy alopecia. Behrman1 and Savill2 state that nodular sarcoidosis may affect the scalp, particularly in women, and that the nodules tend to heal in the center, leaving depressed, cicatricial areas of baldness. We have recently observed three patients with patchy alopecia due to sarcoidosis. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis, in all the cases, was substantiated by clinical, immunological, laboratory, and histological examination. Case 1.—A 41-year-old Negro woman complained of fatigue and migratory joint pains of one year's duration. She was born in Mississippi and had lived there until eight years previously. Examination revealed nodular and annular cutaneous lesions involving the right cheek and right frontal area of the forehead, with atrophic areas distributed over the scalp. (Fig. 1). There was generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Histological examination of a posterior cervical lymph node showed pathological findings References 1. Behrman, H. T.: The Scalp in Health and Disease , St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Company, 1952. 2. Savill, A.: The Hair and Scalp , Ed. 4, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1952.

COSTELLO, MAURICE J.;CANIZARES, ORLANDO;MONTAGUE, MEREDITH;BUNCKE, CONSTANCE MILLETTE

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1955.01540290045009pmid: 14360786

Abstract In 1845 Virchow was the first to describe under the term "Weisses Blut or Leukaemie" a syndrome characterized by splenomegaly and a considerable increase in the white blood corpuscles.* In 1891 Ehrlich was able to separate the myeloid proliferations from the lymphatic ones and gave a hematological basis to this differentiation.† The first cutaneous manifestation of leukemia was recorded by Biesiadecki in 1876‡ Later in 1902, Audry suggested the term "leucémides" to describe the nonspecific cutaneous manifestations of leukemia.3 Leukemia cutis of the lymphogenous variety being much more frequent than the myelogenous one, it is not surprising to note that all of the first case reports were those of lymphogenous leukemia. The first cases of myelogenous cutaneous leukemia were reported by Hindenberg4 and Hirschlaff § in 1895, and in 1899 by Nekam.6 CLASSIFICATION The cutaneous manifestations of myelogenous leukemia can References 1. Virchow, cited by Jadassohn.1 2. Ehrlich, cited by Jadassohn.1 3. Biesiadecki, cited by Evete.2 4. Hirschlaff: Ein Fall myeloischer Leukaemie, cited by Brunsgaard.5 5. Jadassohn, J.: Handbuch der Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten , Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1927-1932, Vol. 8. 6. Evete, J.: Manifestations cutanées au cours de leucémie myélogène, Thesis, Paris, 1938. 7. Audry, C.: Sur les leucémides , Ann. dermat. et syph. 3:310, 1902. 8. Hindenberg, W.: Deutsch. Arch. klin. Med. 54:209, 1895. 9. Brunsgaard, E.: Über Hauteruptionen bei der myeloiden Leukaemie und der malignen Granulomatose , Arch. Dermat. u. Syph. 106:105, 1911.Crossref 10. Nékám, L. A.: Über die leukaemischen Erkrankungen der Haut- , Hamburg, Voss, 1899. 11. Dubreuilh, W.: Prurigo lymphadénique , Ann. dermat. et syph. 6:665, 1905. 12. Steinbrinck, W., and Stukowski, J.: Über einen Fall von chonischer myeloischer Leukämie mit Hauterscheinungen , Ztschr. klin Med. 101:375, 1925. 13. Davis, J., and Pack, G. T.: Erythema Multiforme Following Deep X-Ray Therapy , A. M. A. Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 66:41, 1952. 14. Lutz, W.: Eigenartiges Exanthem in einem Falle von Miliartuberkulose bei der chronischen myeloiden Leukämie , Arch. Dermat. u. Syph. 131: 154, 1921. 15. Nanta, A.: Etude des lymphodermies et des myelodermies , Ann. dermat. et syph. 3:572, 1921. 16. Ketron, L. W., and Gay, L. N.: Myeloid Leukemia of the Skin , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 7: 176, 1923. 17. Herxheimer, G.: Über Myeloblastenleukämie mit geschwulstartigen Wucherungen besonders in der Haut , Arch. path., Anat. 254:613, 1925. 18. Artzt, L.: Zentralbl. Haut- u. Geschlechtskr. 31:416, 1929. 19. Wintrobe, M. M., and Mitchell, D. M.: Atypical Manifestations of Leukemia , Quart. J. Med. 9:67, 1940. 20. Charest, L. R., and Holt, C. L.: Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Simulating Acute Appendicitis , J. Internat. Coll. Surgeons 17:445, 1952. 21. Meyer, J. E., and Tanner, F. H.: Masking of Clinical and Hematological Findings by Cortisone and ACTH in Acute Leukemia of Childhood: Case , Nebraska M. J. 37:67, 1952. 22. Barney, R. E.: Leukemic Myelosis Associated with Specific Nodules in the Skin: Report of Case and Review of Literature , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 27:725, 1933. 23. Darier, J., and others, editors: Nouvelle pratique dermatologique , Paris, Masson & Cie, 1936, Vol. 5.

PETERSON, WILLIAM F.;ROBINSON, HARRY M.

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1955.01540290055010pmid: 14360787

Abstract The infrequency with which a diagnosis of intraepithelial epithelioma (Bowen's disease) of the vulva is made and the recent appearance of such a case at the University Hospital have prompted this case report. The first recorded instance of this condition was by Hudelo, Oury, and Cailliau1 in 1922. In 1943 Knight2 diagnosed and reported six cases of Bowen's disease of the vulva, and in his review of the literature he noted a total of 26 cases previously published. Alves de Lima and associates3 reviewed the literature subsequent to 1943 and reported eight more cases. A total of 41 cases of this condition have been recorded. REPORT OF A CASE C. K., a 27-year-old white woman, was admitted to the University Hospital on Jan. 12, 1954, with a complaint of pruritus vulvae of seven years' duration. She had had the usual childhood diseases but References 1. References 1 and 3 to 6. 2. Hudelo, Oury, and Cailliau: Dyskératose érythroplasiforme de la muqueuse vulvaire , Bull. Soc. franç. dermat. et syph. 29:139, 1922. 3. Knight, R. V.: Bowen's Disease of the Vulva , Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 46:514, 1943. 4. de Lima, A. O., Jr.; de Guarnieri Netto, C., and de Lima, M. L. T.: Moléstia de Bowen da Vulva , Rev. gynec. e. obst. 47:95, 1953. 5. Hunt, E.: Diseases Affecting the Vulva , Ed. 3, St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Company, 1948, p. 125. 6. Parrott, M. H., and Miller, N. F.: Diseases of the Vulva , in Davis, C. H., editor: Gynecology and Obstetrics , Hagerstown, Md., W. F. Prior Company, Inc., 1952, Vol. 3, Chap. 9, p. 59. 7. Gardiner, S. H.; Stout, F. E.; Arbogast, J. L., and Huber, C. P.: Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 65:539, 1953.