Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

GROSS, PAUL;KESTEN, BEATRICE

1943 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1943.01500200003001

Abstract PSORIASIS AS A DISTURBANCE OF LIPID METABOLISM The conception of psoriasis as a metabolic disturbance of the skin has received increasing support in recent years. Madden's excellent histologic study1 of the uninvolved skin of patients with acute guttate and generalized papular psoriasis has strengthened greatly the concept of this disease as a disturbance of fat metabolism. The histologic changes which Madden found in the uninvolved skin but at the sites of election for psoriasis were: an increase of extracellular fat around the pilosebaceous apparatus and sweat glands and throughout the corium and a constant leukocytic infiltrate in the papillary bodies and in the upper half of the cutis. When the infiltrate was great the capillaries were dilated and engorged and the papillary bodies elongated and pushed toward the surface. These findings confirmed and extended those of Kartamyshev.2 One is tempted to conclude that the difference between the apparently References 1. Madden, J. F.: Histologic Studies of Uninvolved Skin of Patients with Psoriasis , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 44:655 ( (Oct.) ) 1941. 2. Kartamyshev, A. I.: Histologic Character of Apparently Healthy Skin in Psoriatic Patients , abstracted, Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 40:813 ( (Nov.) ) 1939. 3. Grütz, O., and Burger, M.: Die Psoriasis als Stoffwechselproblem , Klin. Wchnschr. 12:373 ( (March 11) ) 1933. 4. Grütz, O.: Neue histologische Beiträge zum Psoriasisproblem , Arch. f. Dermat. u. Syph. 177:246 ( (May) ) 1938. 5. Colarusso, A.: La psoriasi come malattia del metabolismo dei lipoidi , Riforma med. 56:271 ( (March) ) 1940. 6. Best, C. H., and Huntsman, M. E.: Effects of Components of Lecithine upon Deposition of Fat in Liver , J. Physiol. 75:405 ( (Aug.) ) 1932. 7. Best, C. H., and Ridout, J. H.: Annual Review of Biochemistry , Stanford University, Calif., Stanford University Press, 1941. 8. Dragstedt, L. R.: Present Status of Lipocaic , J. A. M. A. 114:29 ( (Jan. 6) ) 1940. 9. Clark, D. E.; Dragstedt, L. R., and Becker, S. W.: Further Observations on the Use of Lipocaic in the Treatment of Psoriasis , J. Invest. Dermat. 4:59 ( (Feb.) ) 1941. 10. McHenry, E. W., and Gavin, G.: Effects of Beef Liver Fraction upon Fat Synthesis in Rats , Science 91:171 ( (Feb. 16) ) 1940. 11. Gross, P., in discussion on Clark, Dragstedt and Becker.7 12. Woolley, D. W.: Nature of Anti-Alopecia Factor , Science 92:384 ( (Oct. 25) ) 1940. 13. Gavin, G., and McHenry, E. W.: Inositol: A Lipotropic Factor , J. Biol. Chem. 139:485 ( (May) ) 1941. 14. Woolley, D. W.: Study of Biological Specificity of Inositol , J. Biol. Chem. 140:461 ( (Aug.) ) 1941. 15. Klenk, E., and Sakai, R.: Inositmonophosphorsaüre, ein Spaltprodukt der Sojabohnenphosphatide , Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 258:33, 1939. 16. Folch, J., and Woolley, D. W.: Inositol: A Constituent of a Brain Phosphatide , J. Biol. Chem. 142:963 ( (Feb.) ) 1942. 17. Gavin, G., and McHenry, E. W.: Effect of Biotin upon Fat Synthesis and Metabolism , J. Biol. Chem. 141:619 ( (Nov.) ) 1941. 18. Engel, R. W.: Effect of Calcium Panthothenate and Other Vitamin B Factors on Liver Fat , J. Biol. Chem. 140:37 ( (July) ) 1941. 19. Forbes, J. C.: Vitamin B Complex and Fat Metabolism , J. Nutrition 22:359 ( (Oct.) ) 1941. 20. Gross, P.: Role of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Acrodynia (Vitamin B6 Deficiency) of Albino Rat , J. Invest. Dermat. 3:505 ( (Dec.) ) 1940. 21. Soybean lecithin is made by the American Lecithin Company, Elmhurst, Long Island, N. Y. Analysis of granulated soybean lecithin shows approximately: lecithin, 20 per cent; cephalin, 20 per cent; crude inositol, 5 to 10 per cent; choline, 3 per cent; fats, 3 per cent, and traces of minerals, proteins and vitamins. 22. Meeker, D. R., and Kesten, H. D.: Experimental Atherosclerosis and High Protein Diets , abstracted, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 45:543 ( (Nov.) ) 1940. 23. VioBin is made by the VioBin Corporation, Monticello, Ill. An analysis of this product, a defatted, dehydrated wheat germ precooked at 85 F. for three hours, shows approximately: inositol, 2,500 micrograms per gram; thiamine, 33 micrograms per gram; riboflavin, 9 micrograms per gram; nicotinic acid, 79 micrograms per gram; pyridoxine, 15 micrograms per gram; pantothenic acid, 26 micrograms per gram; biotin, 0.450 microgram per gram; potassium, 1 per cent; phosphorus, 1 per cent; manganese, 0.3 per cent, and choline, an amount too small for biologic assay. 24. VanKerckhoff, J. H. P.: Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Psoriasis Vulgaris , Leipzig, S. Hirzel, 1929. 25. Owens, F. M., Jr.; Allen, J. G.; Stingler, D., and Dragstedt, L. R.: The Comparative Effects of Inositol and Lipocaic in Depancreatized Dogs , read at the annual meeting of the American Physiological Society, Boston, 1942 . 26. Spiethoff, B.: Erfahrungen mit der Lebertheraphie bei Intoxikationszuständen nach Salvarsan, Wismut, bei Infektionen und Psoriasis , München. med. Wchnschr. 76:577 ( (April) ) 1929. 27. Grüneberg, T.: Die Lebertheraphie der Psoriasis , Dermat. Wchnschr. 97:1793 ( (Dec. 9) ) 1933. 28. Madden, J. F.: Treatment of Psoriasis , J. A. M. A. 115:588 ( (Aug. 24) ) 1940.Crossref 29. Pulay, E.: Le "psoriasis vulgaris," et son traitement , Bull. Soc. franc. de dermat. et syph. 43:1508 ( (July) ) 1936. 30. Deutsch, H. F.; Kline, B. E., and Rusch, H. P.: Oxidation of Phospholipids in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid and Carcinogenic Chemicals , J. Biol. Chem. 141:529 ( (Nov.) ) 1941. 31. Sherman, H. C.: Chemistry of Food and Nutrition , ed. 6, New York, The Macmillan Company, 1941, p. 433. 32. Thacker, E. A.: Vitamin D Preparations and Psoriasis , Illinois M. J. 78:352 ( (Oct.) ) 1940. 33. Stadie, W. C.: Intermediary Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus , in Harvey Lectures , Lancaster, Pa., The Science Press Printing Company, 1942, series 37, p. 165. 34. Peck, S. M.; Chargin, L., and Sobotka, H.: Keratosis Follicularis (Darier's Disease): Vitamin A Deficiency Disease , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 43:223 ( (Feb.) ) 1941. 35. Gross, P., and Kesten, B.: Psoriasis Treated with Defatted Wheat Germ: Repigmentation of Grayed Hair , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 46:889 ( (Dec.) ) 1942.

ABRAMOWITZ, E. WILLIAM;MATTICE, MARJORIE R.;BOTVINICK, ISADORE

1943 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1943.01500200019002

Abstract For almost two decades sodium thiosulfate has been accepted as the drug of choice in the treatment of arsenical dermatitis. Although dissenting opinion has existed throughout this period, it has never achieved widespread attention. More recently, however, the literature has emphasized the scarcity of evidence favoring the use of this drug. Chargin,1 in particular, has voiced the doubt of an important group of dermatologists as to the value of sodium thiosulfate for any of the manifestations of arsphenamine toxicity. One of the reasons given for thinking that sodium thiosulfate is beneficial in arsenic poisoning is based on Osborne's studies2 of the behavior of certain crystals in the skin which he believed to be arsenic trisulfide. Montgomery and Waisman3 stated the belief that their investigations confirmed Osborne's findings. These crystals have been noted by others4 in the tissues both of normal persons and of persons with arsenical References 1. Chargin, L.: Massive Arsenotherapy in Early Syphilis by the Continuous Intravenous Drip Method: Toxicologic Manifestations , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 42: 248 ( (Aug.) ) 1940. 2. Osborne, E. D.: Microchemical Studies of Arsenic in Arsenical Pigmentation and Keratoses , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 12:773 ( (Dec.) ) 1925 3. Microchemical Studies of Arsenic in Arsenical Dermatitis , Osborne Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 18:37 ( (July) ) 1928 4. Osborne, E. D.; Putnam, E. D., and Hitchcock, B. S.: The Effect of Arsenic in Rabbits: Microchemical Studies Following the Administration of the Arsphenamines and Tryparsamide , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 25:419 ( (March) ) 1932. 5. Montgomery, H., and Waisman, M.: Epithelioma Attributable to Arsenic , J. Invest. Dermat. 4:365 ( (Oct.) ) 1941. 6. Tannenholz, H., and Muir, K. B.: Methods for Microchemical Demonstration of Arsenic in Tissues , Arch. Path. 15:789 ( (June) ) 1933 7. Oppenheim, M., and Fantl, P.: Personal communication to M. R. Mattice, 1937 8. Das Natriumthiosulfat in der Behandlung von durch Arsenverbindungen verursachten Hauterkrankungen , Arch. f. Dermat. u. Syph. 175:438, 1937 9. Ueber Hauterkrankungen verursacht durch arsenhaltige Wandfarben: II. Versuche zum histologischen Nachweis von Arsenverbindungen in der Haut , Arch. f. Dermat. u. Syph. 170:488, 1934 10. Magnuson, H. J., and Raulston, B. O.: The Concentration of Arsenic in Tissues and the Excretion of Arsenic by Experimental Animals Following Intravenous Injection of Massive Doses of Mapharsen , Ann. Int. Med. 14:2199 ( (June) ) 1941. 11. Appel, B., and Jankelson, I. R.: Treatment of Arsenical Hepatitis with Sodium Dehydrocholate , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 32:422 ( (Sept.) ) 1935. 12. Ceder, E. T.; Zon, L., and Klinger, M. E.: Effect of Sodium Thiosulfate on Excretion of Arsenic , Ven. Dis. Inform. 22:123 ( (April) ) 1941. 13. Ayres, S., Jr., and Anderson, N. P.: Sodium Thiosulfate and the Elimination of Arsenic , J. A. M. A. 110:886 ( (March 19) ) 1938. 14. Bridges, M. A.: Dietetics for the Clinician , ed. 4, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1941, p. 502. 15. Mattice, M. R., and Weisman, D.: (a) Urinary Excretion of Arsenic: I. Normal Subjects , Am. J. M. Sc. 193:413 ( (March) ) 1937 16. II. The Influence of Thiosulfate , Mattice Am. J. M. Sc. 193:420 ( (March) ) 1937 17. Mattice, M. R.; Baxt, H., and Byrne, J. M.: Effect of Thiosulfate on Arsenic Excretion , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 42:399 ( (Sept.) ) 1940. 18. Muir, K. B.; Stenhouse, E., and Becker, S. W.: Action of Sulfur-Containing Compounds in Arsenical and Mercurial Poisoning , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 41:308 ( (Feb.) ) 1940. 19. Jorissen, W. P.; Bassett, H.; Damiens, A.; Fichter, F., and Remy, H.: Rules for Naming Inorganic Compounds: Report of the Committee of the International Union of Chemistry for the Reform of Inorganic Nomenclature, 1940 , J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63:889 ( (April) ) 1941. 20. Bond, W. R., and Gray, E. W.: Sodium Hydrosulphite in Treatment of Acute Arsenical Poisoning , J. A. M. A. 92:1919 ( (June 8) ) 1929. 21. Haag, H. B., and Bond, W. R.: Value of Sodium Thiosulphate in Poisoning from Oral Administration of Arsenic , J. A. M. A. 88:1219 ( (April 16) ) 1927. 22. Hanzlik, P. J.; Lehman, J. A.; Richardson, A. P., and Van Winkle, W., Jr.: Rapid Clinical Method for Estimation of Bismuth in Urine , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 36:725 ( (Oct.) ) 1937. 23. Myers, C. N.; Groehl, M. R., and Metz, G. P.: (a) Therapeutic Activity of Sodium Thiosulfate , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 23:97, 1925. 24. Myers, C. N.; Marples, E.; Groehl, M. R., and Throne, B.: The Use of Sodium Thiosulfate in Diagnostic Procedures , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 11:836, 1926. 25. Webster, S. H.: Twenty-Four Hour Output of Certain Urinary Constituents in Persons Exposed to Lead Arsenate Spray Residue , Pub. Health Rep. 56:1910 ( (Sept. 26) ) 1941.

LOVE, WILLIAM R.;MONTGOMERY, HAMILTON

1943 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1943.01500200029003

Abstract The object of this paper is to distinguish epithelial cysts from sebaceous cysts and to study the incidence of malignant change in these cysts. This study is based on a review of the records of 271 cases of sebaceous and epithelial cysts which were excised at the Mayo Clinic during 1939 and 1940. In all cases microscopic diagnosis of sebaceous or epithelial cyst (keratoma) had been made, but not always was sharp distinction between the two types made. Of the 271 cases, in only 88 were specimens available for further study, but we believe that these cases probably represented all that were of pathologic interest. There are relatively few articles in the literature identifying epithelial cysts, which have also been referred to as epidermoids and have been included under the broad term of atheroma. The latter term apparently has been used for both epithelial and sebaceous cysts. As early as References 1. Cock, E.: A Few Remarks on a Peculiar Follicular Disease , M. Times & Gaz. 6:159, 1853. 2. Paget, J.: Lectures on Surgical Pathology , ed. 3, Philadelphia, Lindsay & Blakiston Company, 1865, pp. 391-395. 3. Wernher, A.: Das Atherom, ein eingebalgtes Epitheliom , Arch. f. path. Anat. u. Physiol. 8:221-248, 1855. 4. Broders, A. C., and Wilson, E.: Keratoma: A Lesion Often Mistaken for Sebaceous Cyst , S. Clin. North America 10:127-130 ( (Feb.) ) 1930. 5. Jones, K. K.: Personal communication to the authors. 6. Gans, O.: Histologie der Hautkrankheiten: Die Gewebsveränderungen in der kranken Haut unter Berücks ihrer Entstehung und ihres Ablaufs , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1928, pp. 215-219. 7. Franke, F.: Dermoid oder Epidermoid? Wien. klin. Wchnschr. 3:696-697 ( (Sept.) ) 1890. 8. Török, L.: Ueber die Entstehung der Atheromcysten (Epidermoide Franke) nebst einigen Bemerkungen über Follikularcysten und Doppelkomedonen , Monatsh. f. [ill]rakt. Dermat. 12:437-450 ( (May) ); 482-492 (June) 1891 9. McDonagh, J. E. R.: A Classification and Description of the Cutaneous Epitheliomata , J. Cutan. Dis. 32:11-17 ( (Jan.) ) 1914. 10. Garrè, C.: Ueber traumatische Epithelcysten der Finger , Beitr. z. klin. Chir. 11:524-533, 1894. 11. Yachnin, S. C., and Summerill, F.: Traumatic Implantation of Epithelial Cyst in a Phalanx , J. A. M. A. 116:1215-1218 ( (March 22) ) 1941. 12. Wein, M. S., and Caro, M. R.: Traumatic Epithelial Cysts of the Skin , J. A. M. A. 102:197-199 ( (Jan. 20) ) 1934. 13. Peer, L. A.: Fate of Buried Skin Grafts in Man , Arch. Surg. 39:131-144 ( (July) ) 1939. 14. Peer, L. A., and Paddock, R.: Histologic Studies on the Fate of Deeply Implanted Dermal Grafts: Observations on Sections of Implants Buried from One Week to One Year , Arch. Surg. 34:268-290 ( (Feb.) ) 1937. 15. Ormsby, O. S.: A Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Skin for the Use of Students and Practitioners , ed. 5, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1937, p. 1173. 16. New, G. B., and Erich, J. B.: Dermoid Cysts of the Head and Neck , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 65:48-55 ( (July) ) 1937. 17. The terms dermoid and epidermoid have been used loosely to include various types of cysts, and certain types of dermoids are equivalent to the term epithelial cysts. We prefer to limit these terms to cysts containing both epidermal and dermal tissue, including epithelium, hair, various of the dermal appendages and even at times the teeth and nails; in other words, dermoid cysts of the teratoma type. The term epidermoid would seem better than dermoid, as the latter would imply inclusion of structures in the true dermis only. 18. Dubreuilh, W., and Tribondeau, L.: Kystes épidermiques prolifères , Ann. de dermat. et syph. 1:417-432, 1910. 19. Siemens, H. W.: Studien über Vererbung von Hautkrankheiten. V. Atherom—zugleich ein Beitrag zur Klinik der Epidermoide und der Follikularcysten , Arch. f. Dermat. u. Syph. 144:175-193, 1923. 20. Cockayne, E. A.: Inherited Abnormalities of the Skin and Its Appendages , London, Oxford University Press, 1933, p. 352. 21. Bosellini, P. L.: Beitrag zur Lehre von den multiplen, folliculären Hautcysten , Arch. f. Dermat. u. Syph. 45:81-95, 1898. 22. Ormsby, O. S., and Finnerud, C. W.: Steatocystoma Multiplex , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 22:822-832 ( (Nov.) ) 1930. 23. Caylor, H. D.: Epitheliomas in Sebaceous Cysts , Ann. Surg. 82:164-176 ( (July) ) 1925. 24. Bishop, E. L.: Epidermoid Carcinoma in Sebaceous Cysts , Ann. Surg. 93:109-112 ( (Jan.) ) 1931. 25. Stone, M. J., and Abbey, E. A.: Sebaceous Cyst: Its Importance as a Precancerous Lesion , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 31:512-515 ( (April) ) 1935. 26. Havens, F. Z.: Removal of Calculi from the Submaxillary Ducts: A Trick in Tying a Knot; a Simplified Method of Local Anesthesia for Removal of Keratomas and Sebaceous Cysts , S. Clin. North America 15:1227-1232 ( (Oct.) ) 1935. 27. Collins, D. C.: Carcinoma Originating in Sebaceous Cysts , Canad. M. A. J. 35:370-372 ( (Oct.) ) 1936. 28. Macleod, J. M. H., and Muende, I.: Practical Handbook of the Pathology of the Skin: An Introduction to the Histology, Pathology, Bacteriology and Mycology of the Skin with Special Reference to Technique , ed. 2, New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 1940, pp. 241-248. 29. Cady, L. D.: A Case of Generalized Steatoma , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 9:96-101 ( (Jan.) ) 1924. 30. Montgomery, H.: Precancerous Dermatosis and Epithelioma in Situ , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 39:387-408 ( (March) ) 1939. 31. Erich, J. B.: Sebaceous, Mucous, Dermoid and Epidermoid Cysts , Am. J. Surg. 50:672-677 ( (Dec.) ) 1940.

GOOD, CHARLES KEMM;GARB, JOHN

1943 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1943.01500200041004

Abstract We are reporting a case of multiple symmetric nevi of the face with tuberous sclerosis associated with epilepsy and a large fibromatous growth on the scalp. Beside other important features, the abnormal electroencephalographic findings for 4 other members of the family are also presented. REPORT OF CASE L. T.,1 an American-born woman aged 20, of an Italian mother and a French father, not consanguineous, was referred by the North Hudson Hospital, Weehawken, N. J., for treatment at the Skin and Cancer Unit of the New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital on June 20, 1940. She presented a large disfiguring growth on the scalp and a prominent red eruption on the face (figs. 1 and 2). She gave a history of frequent epileptic attacks. A "red birth mark" was noticed on the scalp at birth. It was hairless, smooth and level with the surrounding cutaneous surfaces. When she was References 1. The patient was presented before the New York Dermatological Society, Nov. 26, 1940 2. Wise, F.: Adenoma Sebaceum [Hallopeau-Leredde Type] with Tuberous Sclerosis , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 44:92 [ (July) ] 1941 3. before the Academy of Medicine, April 1, 1941 4. Good, C. K.: Adenoma Sebaceum [Hallopeau-Leredde Type] with Tuberous Sclerosis , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 44:1125 [ (Dec.) ] 1941 5. Pinkus, F., cited orally by H. Bieberstein. 6. von Recklinghausen, F.: Ein Herz von einem Neugeborenen welches mehrere theils nach aussen. theils nach den Höhlen prominierende Tumoren (Myomen) trug , Verhandl. d. Gesellsch. f. Geburtsh. 15:73, 1863 7. Bourneville: Scléreuse tubéreuse des circonvolutions cérébrales: Idiotic et épillepsie hémiplégique , Arch. de neurol. 1:81, 1880-1881. 8. Critchley, M., and Earl, C. J. C.: Tuberose Sclerosis and Allied Conditions , Brain 55:331 ( (Sept.) ) 1932. 9. van der Hoeve, J.: Augengeschwülste bei der tuberösen Hirnsklerose (Bourneville) , Arch. f. Ophth. 105:880, 1921. 10. Lind, cited by Critchley and Earl,5 p. 331. 11. Walsh, M. N.; Koch, F. L. P., and Brunsting, H. A.: Syndrome of Tuberous Sclerosis, Retinal Tumors and Adenoma Sebaceum , Proc. Staff Meet.. Mayo Clin. 13:155 ( (March) ) 1938. 12. Walsh, Koch and Brunsting,8 p. 156. 13. Hall, G. S.: Tuberose Sclerosis, Rheostosis, and Neurofibromatosis , Quart. J. Med. 9:1 ( (Jan.) ) 1940. 14. Critchley and Earl,5 p. 342. 15. Sherlock, E. R., cited by Hopwood.23 16. Critchley and Earl,5 pp. 316 and 340. 17. Critchley and Earl,5 p. 340. 18. Butterworth, T., and Wilson, M. Jr.: Dermatologic Aspects of Tuberous Sclerosis , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 43:1 ( (Jan.) ) 1941. 19. Gibbs, F. A.: Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of the Electroencephalogram , J. A. M. A. 118:216 ( (Jan. 17) ) 1942. 20. Davis, H.: Electroencephalography , J. A. M. A. 117:983 ( (Sept. 20) ) 1941. 21. Strauss, H.; Rahm, W. E., Jr., and Barrera, S. E.: Electroencephalographic Studies in Relatives of Epileptics , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 42:207 ( (Oct.) ) 1939. 22. Critchley and Earl,5 p. 315. 23. Scarpatetti, cited by Critchley and Earl,5 p. 315. 24. Walsh, Koch and Brunsting,8 p. 157. 25. Thannhauser, S. J.: Lipidoses: Diseases of the Cellular Lipid Metabolism , edited by H. A. Christian, New York, Oxford University Press, 1940, p. 43. 26. Hopwood, A. T.: Tuberous Sclerosis: Report of Five Cases Including One Case in One of Twins , Ohio State M. J. 33:277 ( (March) ) 1937. 27. Beck, S. C.: Epitheliome: Morbus Pringle (Adenoma Sebaceum Pringle) , in Jadassohn, J.: Handbuch der Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1933, vol. 12, pt. (3) , p. 482. 28. Critchley and Earl,5 p. 339. 29. Critchley and Earl,5 pp. 316-318. 30. Beck,24 pp. 478-491. 31. Cockayne, E. A.: Inherited Abnormalities of the Skin and Its Appendages , London, Oxford University Press, 1933, pp. 289-293 32. Lind, W. A. T.: Epiloia , M. J. Australia ( (supp.) ) 1:290 (June 14) 1924.

STRAKOSCH, ERNEST A.

1943 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1943.01500200060005

Abstract Unna1 expressed the opinion that all substances which are capable of withdrawing oxygen from the tissue promote the process of keratinization and are what he termed keratoplastic. Besides the purely chemical action, however, Jadassohn2 pointed out that other factors, biologic and physical, have to be considered. Sulfur, because of its keratolytic, keratoplastic, antipruritic and antiparasitic action, is one of the most important drugs in dermatology and a common constituent of many pastes, ointments, lotions and proprietary remedies. The dermatologist is most interested in the local action of sulfur. I attempted to compare the local action of sulfur in various concentrations in different bases. Before going on with the report of my findings, a short review of the pharmacologic action of sulfur, as far as it is known, will be given. THE PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION OF SULFUR Elementary sulfur occurs in many modifications, which differ from each other in physical References 1. Unna, P. G.: Ueberhautung und Ueberhornung , Berl. klin. Wchnschr. 35:533, 1883. 2. Jadassohn, J., cited by Perutz, A., in Jadassohn, J.: Handbuch der Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1930, vol. 1, p. 143. 3. Oppenheimer, C.: Grundriss der anorganischen Chemie , Leipzig, Georg Thieme, 1927, p. 186. 4. Moncorps, C.: Untersuchungen über die Pharmakologie und Pharmakodynamik der Salben und salbeninkorporierten Medikamente , Arch. f. exper. Path. u. Pharmakol. 141:50 and 87, 1929.Crossref 5. Heubner, W.: Chemie und Pharmakologie des Schwefels , Zentralbl. f. Haut- u. Geschlechtskr. 20:385, 1926. 6. Hopkins, F. G.: (a) On an Autoxidisable Constituent of the Cell , Biochem. J. 15:286, 1921 7. Glutathione: Its Influence in the Oxidation of Fats and Proteins , Biochem. J. 19:787, 1925. 8. De Rey-Pailhaide, cited by Heffter, A., and Heubner, W.: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1927, vol. 3, p. 1. 9. Heffter, A.: Beitrag zur Pharmakologie des Schwefels , Arch. f. exper. Path. u. Pharmakol. 51:175, 1904.Crossref 10. Hausmann, M., and Heffter, A.: Ueber die Wirkung des Schwefels auf Eiweisskörper , Beitr. z. chem. Physiol. u. Path. 5:213, 1904. 11. Sabbatini, L.: Ueber die Wirkung des kolloidalen Schwefels je nach dem Weg der Einführung in den Organismus , Biochem. Ztschr. 59:378, 1914. 12. Wieland, H.: Ueber den Mechanismus der Oxydationsvorgänge , Ergebn. d. Physiol. 20:477, 1922.Crossref 13. Pulewka, P.: (a) Die hornlösende Wirkung der Schwefilalkalien , Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 146:130, 1925Crossref 14. Weitere Untersuchungen über Keratolyse , Arch. f. exper. Path. u. Pharmakol. 140:181, 1929.Crossref 15. Gans, O.: Ueber die Bedeutung des Schwefels für die Biologie und Pathologie der menschlichen Haut , Zentralbl. f. Haut- u. Geschlechtskr. 20:388, 1926. 16. Maliwa E.: Beiträge zur experimentellen Balneologie der Schwefelbäder , Med. Klin. 22:851 and 1764, 1926. 17. Bier, A.: Der Schwefel , München. med. Wchnschr. 72:1621, 1930. 18. Bechhold, H.; Ornstein, S., and Silbereisen, K.: Zur Reaktionsfähigkeit von Schwefel verschiedener Dispersität , Dermat. Wchnschr. 89:1539, 1929. 19. Milbradt, W.: Zur Frage der Anwendung echter Schwefellösungen in der Therapie der Hautkrankheiten (Sulfupront) , München. med. Wchnschr. 84: 1492, 1937. 20. Brandrup, W.: Ultramikoskopische Untersuchungen über das System: Salbengrundlage salbeninkorporierter Schwefel , Apoth. Ztg. 48:993, 1933. 21. von Hahn, F. V.: Kolloidalwissenschaft und Dermatologie , Zentralbl. f. Haut- u. Geschlechtskr. 21:385, 1926-1927. 22. Burmeister, J.: Ein Fall von Schwefelwasserstoffvergiftung bei einem Krätzekranken nach Anwendung von Pottasche-Schwefelsalbe , Arch. f. Dermat. u. Syph. 58:389, 1901.Crossref 23. Basch, F.: (a) Schwefelwasserstoffvergiftung nach Behandlung der Säuglingskabies mit Schwefelsalben , Monatschr. f. Kinderh. 32:239, 1926 24. Ueber Schwefelwasserstoffvergiftung bei äusserlicher Applikation von elementaren Schwefel in Salberform , Arch. f. exper. Path. u. Pharmakol. 111:126, 1926.Crossref 25. The preparation used was aquaphor, manufactured by the Duke Laboratories Inc., Stamford, Conn. 26. The preparation was hydrosorb, manufactured by the Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill. 27. The preparation used was lanette wax, SX, supplied by R. F. Revson Company, New York. 28. Strakosch, E. A.: Studies on Ointments: II. Ointments Containing Salicylic Acid , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 47:16 ( (Jan.) ) 1943. 29. Kopytowsky, W.: Beitrag zur den pathologischen Veränderungen der gesunden Haut nach Schwefelwirkung , Arch. f. Dermat. u. Syph.. 114:89, 1912. 30. Strakosch, E. A.: Studies on Ointments: I. Penetration of Various Ointment Bases, to be published.

LONG, WILLIAM E.

1943 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1943.01500200070006

Abstract The therapeutic efficiency of any arsenical preparation for the treatment of syphilis is judged largely from the response of early syphilis (primary and secondary) to its use. In order to evaluate a new drug the most important factors to consider are: (1) the rapid control of infectiousness, (2) the healing of lesions, (3) the rate and permanence of serologic response, (4) the prevention of infectious or serologic relapse and progression of the disease, (5) low incidence of involvement of the central nervous system in early syphilis, (6) a beneficial effect on late syphilis and (7) a low incidence of untoward or toxic reactions. A drug which would meet these requirements would indeed be ideal. Arsphenamine is, even today, the most active of the arsenical preparations in common use, and yet, because of the difficulties encountered in its administration and its untoward effects, it has been largely replaced by drugs which References 1. Tatum, A. L., and Cooper, G. A.: An Experimental Study of Mapharsen (Meta-Amino Para-Hydroxy Phenyl Arsine Oxide) as an Antisyphilitic Agent , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 50:198 ( (Feb.) ) 1934. 2. Foerster, O. H.; McIntosh, R. L.; Weider, L. M.; Foerster, L. M., and Cooper, G. A.: Mapharsen in the Treatment of syphilis , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 32:868 ( (Dec.) ) 1935. 3. Ehrlich, P., and Hata, S.: Die experimentelle Chemotherapie der Spirillosen , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1910. 4. Stokes, J. H.; Beerman, H., and Ingrem, N. R., Jr.: The Trivalent Arsenicals in Syphilis , Am. J. M. Sc. 201:611 ( (April) ) 1941. 5. Tompsett, R. R.; Downs, W. G.; McDermott, W., and Webster, B.: The Use of Clorarsen in the Treatment of Syphilis , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 73:412 ( (Dec.) ) 1941. 6. Moore, J. E.: The Modern Treatment of Syphilis , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1941, chap. 31 , p. 346.

GUY, WILLIAM H.;GOLDMANN, BERNHARD A.;GANNON, GEORGE P.

1943 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1943.01500200079007

Abstract For a number of years it has been known that arsenoxide is the effective end product of arsphenamine and neoarsphenamine which produces the curative results in the treatment of syphilis. This drug was produced by Ehrlich in his experiments with various compounds of arsenic but was never used as such until recently because of its great toxicity and instability. Mapharsen is an example of an effective form of arsenoxide with low toxicity. For a period of eighteen months we at the University of Pittsburgh have been studying the effects of phenarsine hydrochloride in established cases of syphilis. CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY1 Two single dosage forms of phenarsine hydrochloride are available. The smaller dose contains 0.045 Gm. of 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyldichlorarsine hydrochloride, which yields 0.0308 Gm. of the active principle, 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsenoxide (arsenoxide). A dose of 0.04 Gm. of mapharsen yields exactly the same amount of active principle. The larger dose of phenarsine hydrochloride References 1. Data on chemistry and pharmacology are based on experiments by O. W. Barlow, M.D., Ph.D., director of pharmacologic and biologic research, Winthrop Chemical Company, Inc.

GLENN, LIEUTENANT COMMANDER WADLEY R.;HAILEY, LIEUTENANT HUGH E.

1943 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1943.01500200083008

Abstract The purpose of our study was to determine the value of a camphorphenol mixture as a cure for ringworm infections of the feet. Francis1 wrote that he had used a combination of equal parts of camphor and phenol with success in the treatment of "athlete's foot," the term "athlete's foot" being interpreted as referring to any type of fungous infection of the feet. This preparation was later brought to the attention of the public in a popular monthly magazine.2 Scott3 said: "An unexplained chemical reaction takes place between camphor and phenol, making the latter a relatively innocuous material." Phenol has other interesting properties. It is made weaker by alcohol and glycerin. However, of the three—camphor, alcohol and glycerin—camphor weakens it most, glycerin next and alcohol least. The fungicidal effectiveness of equal parts of camphor and phenol was compared with that of an alcoholic solution of 2 per References 1. Francis, E.: Phenol-Camphor for "Athlete's Foot," J. A. M. A. 117:1973 ( (Dec. 6) ) 1941.Crossref 2. DeKruif, P.: A Working Cure for Athlete's Foot , Reader's Digest 40: 46 ( (May) ) 1942. 3. Scott, A.: Personal communication to the authors. 4. Andrews, G. C.: Diseases of the Skin for Practitioners and Students , ed. 2, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1938, p. 299. 5. Wise, F., and Sulzberger, M. B.: Treatment of Fungous Infections , in Yearbook of Dermatology and Syphilology , Chicago, Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1938, p. 7.

KEIL, HARRY

1943 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1943.01500200086009

Abstract The case to be reported of hypersensitivity to a resin finish used in various fabrics was 1 of a group of 10 similar cases which were investigated by me during the past year. This instance was deemed worthy of separate report because the data collected shed light on the precise cause of the eruption, its pathogenesis and other related phenomena. REPORT OF CASE A man 65 years old was first seen on Jan. 27, 1942. About one and one-half years before this observation he had swelling of the penis and scrotum accompanied by a generalized eruption. This illness confined him to bed for nine days. The nature of the condition was not established at that time.Three days before admission to the Skin and Cancer Unit he wore a new suit of unwashed cotton underwear. That evening he had sensations of itching. The following morning, despite the wearing of a References 1. Keil, H.: Dermatitis Due to Resin-Finished Shorts and Fabrics: An Investigation of the Cause, Pathogenesis and Related Phenomena in Ten Cases, to be published. 2. Schwartz, L., and others: An Outbreak of Dermatitis from New Resin Fabric Finishes , J. A. M. A. 115:906 ( (Sept. 14) ) 1940.Crossref 3. Keil, H., and Bereston, E. S.: Dermatitis Due to a Transparent Adhesive Tape , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 45:1052 ( (June) ) 1942 4. Morse, J. L.: Dermatitis Venenata (Due to Underwear Shorts) , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 43:719 ( (April) ) 1941. 5. Neilson, A. W., and Reiches, A. J.: Contact Dermatitis Due to Underwear: Observations in Fourteen Cases with Summary of Efforts to Discover the Cause , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 44:218 ( (Aug.) ) 1941. 6. Schwartz, L., in discussion on Morse, J. L.: Dermatitis Venenata (Due to Underwear Shorts) , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 43:719 ( (April) ) 1941. 7. Beinhauer, L. G.: Resin Dermatitis: Report of Case , J. A. M. A. 81: 13 ( (July 7) ) 1923.

Tchou, M. Thomas

1943 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1943.01500200093010

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract I was born and raised in the town of Tzechow, which is at the foothills of the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan Range in western China. Like most boys, I preferred to fly kites, catch birds and plant flowers rather than to memorize the Confucian classics. One day I caught a young bird, much like a vireo, freshly out of its nest. I put the bird in a wooden cage which had bars on one side only. Having raised two of the bars, I placed the cage on the ground near the tree in which the nest rested and waited in ambush. Finally the mother bird came to the cage with a worm to feed her fledgling. I cautiously sneaked up behind and pushed down the bars, thus capturing both the mother and her child, and took them home. My first desire was to have a larger and better home