Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

WILLIAMS, HERBERT U.;RICE, JOHN P.;LACAYO, JOSEPH RENATO

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060002001

Abstract Scholars have expended prodigious amounts of labor and of learning in the endeavor to find descriptions of syphilis in ancient writings. Egyptian papyri, the Old Testament, early books in Sanskrit and Chinese, in Greek, Latin and Arabic have been searched for the desired evidence. Some students profess to have found such evidence. But their devoted efforts seem not to have convinced the rest of the world, for we find the subject still being debated. Nearly all students appear to be agreed, however, on one point. As the story has been told many times, we shall repeat it with the utmost brevity, and only in order to make clear that which is to follow. In 1494 and 1495, Charles the Eighth of France conducted a campaign against Naples, leading an army southward through Italy. Naples fell to the French on Feb. 22, 1495. At Naples, unmistakable syphilis made its appearance almost References 1. Sudhoff, Karl: Essays in the History of Medicine , translated by Fielding H. Garrison and others, New York, Medical Life Press, 1926, pp. 259-274. 2. Garrison, Fielding H.: An Introduction to the History of Medicine , Philadelphia, W. A. Saunders Company, 1924, pp. 128-130. 3. Montejo y Robledo: Fourth Session, International Congress of Americanists , Madrid, Actas, vol. 1, p. 331, 1881. 4. In Power, D'Arcy, and Murphy: A System of Syphilis , London, Oxford University Press, 1908, vol. 1, chapter 1 . 5. Pusey, William Allen: Syphilis, a Modern Problem , Chicago, The American Medical Association, 1918. 6. When the vocabularies were compiled by French priests, the words vérole (pox) and grosse vérole (large pox) were used in the same way as the Spanish bubas, smallpox being indicated by petite vérole, as it now is. 7. Castellani and Chalmers: Manual of Tropical Medicine , ed. 3, London, Balliere, Tindale and Cox, 1919, p. 1535. 8. Medical Report of the Hamilton Rice Expedition to the Amazon , Boston, Harvard University Press, 1926, p. 16. 9. Howard: J. Trop. Med. & Hyg. 18:25 ( (Feb. 1) ) 1915. 10. Historia del Almirante de las Indias Don Christoval Colon, printed in Madrid in 1749, first column, page 63. This history underwent many vicissitudes. It was translated into Italian, and the original having disappeared, it was again translated from Italian into Spanish. The latter translation is the one studied by Montejo. 11. Oviedo: Historia general y natural de las Indias , Book 2, chapter vii , p. 28. 12. Santa Fe was the camp or city built by the sovereigns for their army at the siege of Granada. 13. Montejo says that buas is sometimes used in the same way as the form bubas. 14. Referring to the second voyage. 15. The king of Naples as well as the king of Spain was named Ferdinand (the second). 16. At this point Oviedo differs from Las Casas and Ruy Díaz de Isla. The army of Cordova was sent in 1496. Other historians state that syphilis appeared at Naples when the French army marched southward early in 1495, and it was very soon called the French disease. Ruy Díaz de Isla, who is the last witness produced by Montejo, declares, as will be seen, that Spaniards from Barcelona having bubas were in the French army. 17. Bartolomé de las Casas or Casaus, Bishop of Chiapa: Historia de las Indias, vol. 5, p. 233, published in 1875-1876 by the Marqués de la Fuensanta del Valle and Don José Sancho Rayón. 18. I. e., the Indians. Columbus brought Indians back with him to Spain on the first as well as on other voyages. 19. Chigoes. 20. Bernardino de Sahagún: Historia universal de las Cosas de Nueva España, chapter 18, book 10. 21. It is possible that one of these forms was yaws and the other syphilis. Castellani and Chalmers do not mention yaws as occurring in Mexico today and further state that it is rarely acquired at altitudes above 800 feet. 22. Atole, gruel made by boiling Indian corn, is presumably the same word. 23. Hernández, Francisco: Quatro libros: De la naturaleza y virtudes de las plantas y animales que están receuidos en el vso de Medicina en la Nueva España, y la Methodo, y correccion, y preparacion que para administrallas se requiere, con lo que el Doctor Francisco Hernández escribió en lengua latina, etc.; translated into Castilian by Fray Francisco Jiménez and printed in Mexico in 1615. 24. Tractado contra el mal serpentino: que vulgarmente en España es llamado bubas que fue ordenado enel ospital de todos los santos de Lisbona; fecho por ruy diaz de ysla. Fue impresso en la muy noble y muy leal ciudad de Sevilla, en casa de Dominico de Robertis impressor de libros.—Acabose a veinte y siete de Setiembre año de MDXXXIX. 25. This piece of evidence, that Spaniards who acquired syphilis in Barcelona were in the army of Charles VIII that went to Naples, doubtless as mercenary soldiers, Montejo regarded, in our belief with justice, as one of the choisest prizes of his researches. 26. It would be interesting to know what ideas of anatomy and physiology de Isla had; his notions were, of course, rudimentary according to our standards. He was writing about 100 years before Harvey discovered the circulation of the blood. 27. It is singular that the argument made by Díaz de Isla in the preceding paragraph, partly fallacious on account of the worthlessness of guaiac as a remedy for syphilis, should have been used also by Oviedo and Las Casas. Possibly the letter writers may have read the book of Ruy Díaz de Isla. 28. Tratado llamado fruto de todos los Santos: contra el mal Serpentino, venido de la ysla Española, hecho y ordenado en el grande y famoso hospital de Todos los Santos de la insigne y muy nombrada ciudad de Lisboa. Por el muy famoso maestro Ruy diaz de ysla. Vecino de la nombrada y gran ciudad de Sevilla. 29. This citation from the second printed edition is given to call attention to the title which explicitly states that the malady originated in the island of Española or Haiti; and to the assertion of Díaz de Isla that he personally handled cases in Barcelona prior to the campaign against Naples. 30. Tratado llamado Fruto de todos los santos contra el mal de la ysla Española hecho por maestre Roderigo de Isla cirujano vezino de lisboa para comun e general provecho de los pacientes Enfermos de la semejante Enfermedad que vulgarmente es llamada Bubas.

SHARLIT, HERMAN;HIGHMAN, WALTER JAMES

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060016002

Abstract We possess a convincing array of evidence that the squamous and vesicular dermatoses of the palms and soles, as well as of the webbed spaces between the toes and fingers, are due to a mycotic infection when they are not caused by an obvious external irritation. We have not been altogether fortunate in arriving at a thoroughly satisfactory therapeutic procedure for these cases. Iodine, sulphur, chrysarobin, salicylic acid, benzoic acid and many other drugs,1 and, finally, the roentgen ray, severally and in combination, have been recommended as ameliorative of this condition. When a procedure for eradicating the infection is selected, the depth in the epidermis at which the fungi are harbored must be considered. Manifestly, the deep epidermal vesicles in the somewhat calloused soles demand a more strenuous keratolytic agent to uncap and evacuate them than would the squamous type of lesion on the palms. And so, a specific References 1. Schamberg, J. F., and Kolmer, J. A.: Studies in the Chemotherapy of Fungus Infections , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 6:746 ( (Dec.) ) 1922. 2. Horton, H. E. L.: Ueber emige hexamethylenamine Derivate . Ber. d. deutsch. chem. Gesellsch. 2:1999, 1888.

USHER, B.;RABINOWITCH, I. M.

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060025003

Abstract Within recent years, observations have been recorded in the literature which suggest a relationship between eczema and disturbed metabolism of carbohydrates.1 In some patients who have both diminished tolerance for sugar and eczema, it has been noted that the latter condition has cleared up rapidly following the institution of diets of low carbohydrate content. That skin conditions may be related to the metabolism of sugar is further suggested by the striking manner in which the pruritus pudendi of diabetes vanishes after the disappearance of sugar from the urine. Whether the underlying disturbance is local (action of sugar on the skin and mucous membrane) or general (metabolic) in this condition, is still problematic. In view of these observations, an attempt was made to determine whether there was a relationship between the percentage of sugar found in sweat and eczema. Little is known about the sugar content of sweat. As far References 1. McGlasson, I. L.: Hyperglycaemia as an Aetiological Factor in Certain Dermatoses , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 8:665 ( (June) ) 1920 2. Hyperglycaemia, Hyperglycaemia as an Aetiological Factor in Certain Dermatoses Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 13:338 ( (March) ) 1926. 3. Ayers, S., Jr.: Glucose Tolerance Reactions in Eczema , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 11:623 ( (May) ) 1925. 4. Campbell, G. G., and Burgess, J. F.: Intolerance to Sugar as a Factor in the Production of Some Dermatoses , Brit. J. Dermat. 39:187, 1927. 5. Rabinowitch, I. M.: Blood Sugar Time Curves , J. Clin. Investigation 2:579, 1926. 6. Talbert, G. A.: Physiology of Sweat , J. A. M. A. 87:777 ( (Sept. 4) ) 1926. 7. Barney, R. E.: Chemical Analysis of Sweat , J. A. M. A. 85:1373 ( (Oct. 31) ) 1925. 8. Weidman, F. D.: Laboratory Aspects of Epidermophytosis , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 15:415 ( (April) ) 1927.

CASTELLANI, ALDO

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060033004

Abstract CLASS III. PHYCOMYCETES The Phycomycetes, which are characterized by the mycelium being continuous and nonseptate, in the vegetative stage, contain several families, one of which, Mucoraceae, has organisms parasitic of man. The fungi belonging to this family have a branching mycelium with aerial branches (gonidiophores), each of which suports on its distal extremity a globular, pear-shaped or claviform sporangium, called gonidangium, which is at first separated from the gonidophore by a septum. This septum later protrudes into the lower portion of the sporangium and forms a variously shaped structure known as columella. By free cell formation, gonidia develop inside the sporangium. The sporangial protoplasm not used in the formation of the gonidia is transformed into a peculiar mucillaginous substance, which later dries up and is the cause of the sporangium bursting. Each gonidium which becomes free gives rise by germination to a mycelial filament. There is also at times a References 1. Castellani and Chalmers (footnote 3, p. 972). 2. Castellani, Aldo: Fungi and Fungous Diseases; Lecture III , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. , to be published. 3. Castellani, Aldo, and Taylor, F. E.: Brit. M. J. 2:855 ( (Dec. 29) ) 1917.Crossref 4. Castellani, Aldo, and Taylor, F. E.: Fallacies of "Yeast Method" of Detecting Glucose in Urine, Further Observations on Mycologic Method to Identify Various Sugars and Other Carbon Compounds , J. A. M. A. 86:523 ( (Feb. 20) ) 1926.Crossref

ROSTENBERG, ADOLPH;SILVER, HENRY

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060060005

Abstract Keratoderma blennorrhagicum is a rare skin disease. Only seventy cases are on record, of which eleven have been described in the American literature. In the following article, we have endeavored to clarify the confusion that still exists regarding pathogenesis, nomenclature and relationship to other similar eruptions. Buschke,1 in his monograph published in 1899, divided all gonorrheal manifestations on the skin into four groups: (1) simple erythemas, (2) urticaria and erythema nodosum, (3) hemorrhagic and bullous exanthems and (4) hyperkeratoses. This classification, though slightly schematic, has been generally accepted. The most important and characteristic group is the one of gonorrheal hyperkeratoses. On the basis of carefully studied cases, Buschke concludes that the hyperkeratoses should be strictly separated from other gonorrheal manifestations and should be classified as a separate clinical and histologic entity. The reasons supporting his conclusions are as follows: First, there are no transitory clinical or histologic manifestations which References 1. Buschke: Exantheme bei Gonorrhoe , Arch. f. Dermat. u. Syph. 48:181, 1899.Crossref 2. Vidal: Eruption generalisée et symetrique de croutes cornées avec chute des ongles d'origine blennorrhagique, coincidant avec une polyarthritic de même nature. Recidive a la suite d'une guerison de la premiere maladie , Ann. de dermat. et syph. 4:3, 1893. 3. Chauffard: Infection blennorrhagique avec Productions cornées de la peau , Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. d. hôp. de Paris 14:93, 1897. 4. Baerman: Ueber hyperkeratotische Exantheme bei schweren gonorrhoischen Infectionen , Arch. f. Dermat. u. Syph. 69:363, 1904.Crossref 5. Sobotka: Pustulos-hyperkeratotisches Exantheme bei gonorrhoischen Allgemeinerkrankung , Dermat. Wchnschr. 56:181, 1913. 6. Keim: The Histogenesis of Keratoderma blennorrhagicum , Arch. Dermat. u. Syph. 9:435 ( (April) ) 1924. 7. Robert: Contribution a l'etudedes troubles trophiques cutanée dans la blennorrhagie, These de Paris, April 28, 1897 8. Ann. de dermat. et syph. 8:1053, 1897. 9. Lee: Keratodermia Blennorrhagica , Edinburgh M. J. 28:99 ( (April) ) 1922. 10. Isaac: A Case of Keratodermia Blennorrhagica in a Woman , Brit. J. Dermat. 32:195, 1920.Crossref 11. Bogrow: Ueber gonorrhoischen Keratosen , Arch. f. Dermat. u. Syph. 143:44, 1923.Crossref 12. Roth: Zur Kasuistik des hyperkeratotischen gonorrhoischen Exantheme , München med. Wchnschr. 52:104, 1905. 13. Mumford: A Mild Case of Keratodermia Blennorrhagicum . Brit. J. Dermat. 35:462, 1923.Crossref 14. Oelze: Ueber Keratosis gonorrhoica , Arch. f. Dermat. u. Syph. 144:1, 1923.Crossref 15. Du Bois: Keratoses blennorrhagiques on dermatites gonococciques , Acta derm.-venereol 5:1, 1924. 16. Bussallac Louigi: Sapra un caso d'ipercheratosi blenorrhagica , Pathologica 16:365, 1924. 17. Rille: Keratosis gonorrhoica , Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 50:1568, 1924. 18. Sainz de Aja: Keratoderma blennorrhagicum , Actas dermosifilagr. 17:103, 1925. (Spanish) 19. Willmott: "Keratodermie blennorrhagique" (Vidal) , Arch. Dermat. et Syph. 13:17, 1926.Crossref 20. Garcia Faure: Keratodermia blennorrhagica , Pseusa méd. Argentina 20:739, 1925. (Spanish) 21. Olivet: Hyperkeratose und Thrombophlebitis bei Gonorrhoe , Med. Klin. 24:916, 1926. 22. Scholtz: A Syndrome of Blennorrhagic Keratoderma , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 15:165, 1927. 23. Bulkin: Keratosis blennorrhagic a. Ruskij Westnik Dermat. 5:2, 1927. 24. Wadsack: Ein gonorrhea Exanthem , Berl. Klin. Wchnschr. 43:966, 1906. 25. Adamson: Keratodermia Blennorrhagica: Is It a Form of Psoriasis? Brit. J. Dermat. 32:183, 1920. 26. Buschke: Ueber universell symmetrische entzündliche Hyperkeratosen auf uro-septischer und arthritischer Basis , Arch. f. Dermat. u. Syph. 113:223, 1912. 27. Falk: Psoriasis arthropatica (einschliesslich der sog. hyperkeratotischen Exantheme bei gonorrhoischen Gelenkerkrankungen) , Arch. f. Dermat. u. Syph. 129:299, 1921.

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060073006

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract In the June, 1927, number of the American Journal of Surgery (p. 573), there is an article by Dr. Arthur E. Hertzler on the dangers in the use of aluminum acetate solution as a wet dressing, which must be a surprise to dermatologists. In this paper is recorded a case in which gangrene was produced by a wet dressing of a weak solution of this well known, usually bland dressing. It was a case of infection of the finger in which the infection extended only to the subcutaneous tissue. A solution of aluminum acetate 30 grains (1.95 Gm.) to a pint of water was applied. When the patient was seen a week later, the skin on the dorsal surface, particularly over the knuckles, was badly macerated, the distal portion of the index finger was black as far as the base of the second phalanx, and amputation of the finger was

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060074007

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract In the issue of June 18, 1927, of the Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr. C. White and Dr. F. D. Weidman published an article entitled "Pseudo-Epitheliomatous Hyperplasia at the Margins of Cutaneous Ulcers with Special Reference to Histologic Diagnosis." It brings up a matter of great importance, namely, the unreliability of histologic diagnosis of epithelioma in ulcers of the skin. The gist of the article is as follows: Epithelial hyperplasia at the margin of nonmalignant cutaneous ulcers may mimic malignant changes so closely that the histologic diagnosis of epithelioma may be made where epithelioma actually does not exist. The authors' studies on this subject show that the final decision must be made on the basis of the clinical behavior of the lesion. They describe types of nonmalignant hyperplasia, from that of pronounced acanthosis to those showing all the characteristics of squamous cell cancer. The two histologic features

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060076008

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.

Graham, John C.

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060089009

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Psoriasis. Presented by Dr. Berkowitz. S. O., a girl, aged 5½ years, had erythematous, scaly lesions on the distal half of the fingers and toes of one year's duration. On the palms and soles were several sharply defined, scaly lesions varying in size from that of a pea to that of a bean, and one was about the size of a half dollar. The nails showed horizontal striations and some pitting, and the ends of the nails were slightly elevated owing to scaling of the nail-beds. This patient was shown because of the localization of the lesions. DISCUSSION Dr. Throne: Before making a diagnosis of psoriasis, the child should be examined carefully for possible mycotic infection.Dr. Frank: I do not think this is a case of psoriasis. There are no lesions on the rest of the body. I think it is some type of ringworm infection.Dr. Chargin: I

Parounagian, M. B.

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060093010

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Syphilitic Reinfection. Presented by Dr. Parounagian and Dr. Mason. R. L., aged 39, when first seen on Nov. 9, 1921, had a large chancre on the left side of the lower lip, the scar of which persisted to the day of presentation. He also had roseola, and moist papules on the genitals and inner aspect of thighs, and the Wassermann reaction was four plus. He did not have a genital chancre.He received eight injections of silver arsphenamine and fifteen of bichloride from November 9, 1921, to April 4, 1922. At the end of this course, his Wassermann reaction was two plus; a second course of six injections of arsphenamine and fifteen of mercury was administered from June 28 to October 17.Since then, thirteen Wassermann tests were made from November 28 to October 25; all of them were negative. During this period the patient was entirely free from lesions

Michelson, H. E.

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060104011

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Lupus Vulgaris (Five Cases). Presented by Dr. Freeman. DISCUSSION Dr. Freeman: I do not think there is any question about the diagnosis in these cases; the question is one of treatment.Dr. Sweitzer: In the case of the elderly woman, the patient is probably a little bit sensitive about the scar, but I do not believe one can treat the patient without causing scars. Personally, I would prefer in that type of case to take acid nitrate of mercury and go over a small area at a time. It looks to me as though she had an enlarged gland on one side. I would treat that with the roentgen ray. In cases of infection of the mucous membrane acid nitrate gives good results. If it is possible to give treatments with the arc light as in some of the institutions in Europe, I imagine that would help. Papulonecrotic Tuberculid and

Eller, Joseph J.

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060111012

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Pemphigus Vulgaris. Presented by Dr. Wise. Mrs. M. B., white, aged 41, a Jewish housewife, said that in June, 1926, she noticed some blisters on the lower surface of the tongue, which looked like canker sores. These disappeared, but were followed by others on the tongue and on the inner sides of the cheeks. Shortly afterward she noticed bullae on her chest, abdomen, back and buttocks. During the next six months she used "all forms" of local applications without benefit.On Dec. 6, 1926, she presented numerous vesicles and eroded superficial ulcers of the tongue and buccal mucosae. There were numerous blebs on her chest, abdomen and buttocks, and bullae arising from normal skin. Crusted lesions were scattered over the same areas. She had a foul-smelling breath and had lost 10 pounds (4.5 Kg.) in three months. She was treated with arsphenamine injected deep into the muscles of the buttocks

Graham, John C.

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060117013

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Purpura Annularis Telangiectodes. Presented by Dr. Throne. J. W. A., a man, white, aged 20, showed an irregular, telangiectatic condition, small angioma, annular lesions, atrophy, and pigmentation on both ankles. The duration of the condition was several years. The atrophy had been present about two years. There was nothing important in the patient's previous history, except that he had "weak ankles." The family history was negative. Mycosis Fungoides. Presented by Dr. Gauvain. M. B., a woman, aged 42, married, had had an eruption since August, 1926, which began as a red spot the size of a quarter. The spot increased rapidly in size, and new ones developed for a period of four or five months. The condition had been diagnosed as "ringworm" and as "psoriasis." On March 15, at the Long Island College Hospital, the patient presented eczematous-looking patches, acutely inflamed, which improved under soothing applications. Pruritus was marked. DISCUSSION

Whitehouse, H. H.

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060120014

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract White Spot Disease. Presented by Dr. Lane. D. C., a boy, aged 4½ years, had an oval white lesion about 1 inch long by one-half inch wide (2.5 by 1.27 cm.), just external to the outer edge of the left eyebrow, which was said to have developed one and a half years previously, following a fall. There was no cut or bruise in this location at the time of the fall. The lesion had gradually increased in size. The center was somewhat hard and thick, and there was some exfoliation. The edges were smooth. The whole surface was white. DISCUSSION Dr. MacKee: The lesion, of course, is some form of scleroderma. I hesitate to designate it as white spot disease because of the absence of the peculiar infiltration that suggests a piece of exceedingly thin cardboard, (such as that used for playing-cards) embedded in the skin. However, in the late

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060132015

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract This book contains a series of brief biographies of the most eminent chemists of the present time, men who have taken an outstanding part in the phenomenal development of chemistry since Perkin produced the first aniline dye in 1856. There are sketches of Perkin, Mendeleeff, Ramsay, Richards, van't Hoff, Arrhenius, Moissan, Madame Curie, Victor Meyere, Remsen and Emil Fischer. In the second part of the work, which is an addition to the second edition, there is a brief analysis and bibliography of each one's work. Harrow has not lost the spirit of youth, and he writes of these masters in his field with enthusiastic appreciation and vivacity. There is nothing more stimulating to a man than the biographies of the prominent workers in his field. This book can be recommended to any one who wants to whet his appetite for scientific research. The sketches are vivid; most of the space is

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060133016

1927 Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology

doi: 10.1001/archderm.1927.02380060136017

This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.