Arthropod Management Tests

Beers, E., H.

1997 Arthropod Management Tests

doi: 10.1093/amt/22.1.1

Abstract This experiment was conducted in a commercial orchard of mature ‘Delicious’ apples at Arrowhead Ranch, Bridgeport, WA. The plot was laid out in 2 rows, with buffer trees between treated trees in the row, and a buffer row between rows containing treatments. A pre-treatment count was made and replicates were assigned to blocks according to initial population and treatments were randomly assigned within replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied 5 Jul 1996 with a handgun sprayer operated at about 300 psi. Twenty randomly selected leaves were collected from each replicate tree, and mites were removed from the leaves with a leaf-brushing machine. Mites were counted with the aid of a binocular microscope. A pretreatment sample and weekly post-treatment samples were taken. Panonychus ulmi (Koch) This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Entomological Society of America.

Beers, E., H.

1997 Arthropod Management Tests

doi: 10.1093/amt/22.1.1a

Abstract This experiment was conducted in a mature ‘Fuji’ orchard in Pateros, WA, with undertree spinner-type sprinklers. A pre-treatment count was used to randomize the treatments among trees with similar mite populations. Three single-tree replicates per treatment were used. The treated trees had buffer trees separating them in the rows, and buffer rows separated rows containing treated trees. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer to the point of drip on 28 Aug, 1996. Mites were sampled by collecting 20 leaves/replicate, and were kept cool until counting. Mites were removed from the leaves with a leaf-brushing machine, and counted on the sticky surface of the glass plate with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. Panonychus ulmi (Koch) This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Entomological Society of America.

Beers, E., H.

1997 Arthropod Management Tests

doi: 10.1093/amt/22.1.2

Abstract The test was conducted in a mature apple orchard (several strains of ‘Delicious’) on the grounds of the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center. Treatments were replicated 4 times, with each replicate consisting of a single tree. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, using pre-treatment leafhopper populations as the blocking factor. The experimental treatments were applied on 21 Aug, which coincided with the 1st appearance of adults of the 2nd generation. Pesticides were applied with a handgun sprayer to the point of drip. WALH populations were sampled c-a. weekly by counting in situ all live nymphs on 20 leaves per tree, distributed throughout the tree canopy. Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Entomological Society of America.

Hogmire, Henry, W.;Winfield,, Tim

1997 Arthropod Management Tests

doi: 10.1093/amt/22.1.3

Abstract This experiment was conducted in 3 miniblocks, each 1/3 acre, of 18-yr-old trees on MM 111 rootstock. Trees measured 15 ft. in height and 14 ft. in width and were planted at a spacing of 20 x 20 ft. The experimental design consisted of 6 single-tree replications per treatment, with 2 replications per mini-block in a randomized block design. Each replicate was surrounded by 1 unsprayed tree on each side. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the trees with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gpa. Dates of application were 25 Apr [pink (P)], 13 May [petal fall (PF)], 30 May [first cover (1C)], 13 Jun [second cover (2C)], 26 Jun [third cover (3C)], 11 Jul [fourth cover (4C)], 25 Jul [fifth cover (5C)], 7 Aug [sixth cover (6C)], 21 Aug [seventh cover (7C)], and 5 Sep [eighth cover (8C)]. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Agri-Mycin, COCS, Dithane, Nova, Penncozeb, Rubigan, and Ziram. Treatment effect was determined by counting insects on the periphery of test trees periodically during the season. RAA control was determined by counting colonies per tree. Control of SA was evaluated by counting aphids on the most infested leaf on each of 10 terminals per tree. Effect of treatments against ERM was determined by sampling 20 leaves/tree (5 replications), removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. Control of STLM was determined by counting all tissue-feeding mines during a 5 minute period per tree. Aphis spiraecola Patch This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Entomological Society of America.

Hogmire, Henry, W.;Winfield,, Tim

1997 Arthropod Management Tests

doi: 10.1093/amt/22.1.4

Abstract This experiment was conducted in a 2.1 acre block of 11-yr-old trees on M 7A rootstock. The trees measured 11.5 ft. in height and 10 ft. in width and were planted at a spacing of 12 x 18 ft. The experimental design consisted of 4 replications of 9 to 12-tree plots (3 rows x 3 or 4 trees/rows) in a randomized block design. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the trees with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gpa. Dates (stages) of application were 18 Apr (tight cluster) for Apollo and Damoil, 22 Apr (pink) for Savey, and 13 May (1 week after petal fall) for remaining treatments. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were COCS, Dithane, Guthion, Lorsban, Nova, Penncap-M, Penncozeb, Rubigan, Topsin-M, and Ziram. Treatments were evaluated by taking arthropod pest counts from the periphery of the center tree in each plot periodically during the season. Control of ERM was evaluated by sampling 25 leaves/tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. WALH control was determined by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves/tree. Treatment effect against STLM was determined by counting tissue-feeding mines observed during a 5 minute period/tree. Panonychus ulmi (Koch) This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Entomological Society of America.

Hogmire, Henry, W.;Winfield,, Tim

1997 Arthropod Management Tests

doi: 10.1093/amt/22.1.5

Abstract This experiment was conducted in a 0.8 acre block of 16-yr-old trees on MM 106 rootstock. Trees measured 13.5 ft. in height and 14.5 ft. in width and were planted at a spacing of 18 X 24 ft. The experimental design consisted of a single plot of 5 rows X 5 trees/row for each of 2 spray treatments and a single 10 row X 3 trees/row untreated plot. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the trees with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gpa. Dates of application were 7 May [petal fall (PF)], 22 May [first cover (IC)], 11 Jun [second cover (2C)], 26 Jun [third cover (3C)], 11 Jul [fourth cover (4C)], 25 Jul [fifth cover (5C)], 7 Aug [sixth cover (6C)], 21 Aug [seventh cover (7C)], and 5 Sep [eighth cover (8C)]. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Agri-Mycin, COCS, Dithane, Nova, Penncozeb, and Ziram. Treatment effect was determined by counting arthropod pests and injury on the periphery of 4 single-tree ‘Delicious’ replications in the center rows of each plot periodically during the season. Control of WALH was determined by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves per tree. PLH was determined by counting injured terminals during a 5 minute period per tree. Effect of treatments against ERM was determined by sampling 25 leaves/tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. Control of OFM was determined by counting injured terminals per tree. STLM control was evaluated by counting all tissue-feeding mines during a 5-minute period per tree. Empoasca fabae (Harris) This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Entomological Society of America.

Hogmire, Henry, W.;Winfield,, Tim

1997 Arthropod Management Tests

doi: 10.1093/amt/22.1.6

Abstract This experiment was conducted in 4 miniblocks, each 1/3 acre, of 16-yr-old trees on M 7A rootstock. Trees measured 16.5 ft. in height and 16 ft. in width and were planted at a spacing of 20 X 20 ft. The experimental design consisted of half a miniblock (18 trees) for each spray treatment and an entire miniblock for the untreated plot. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the trees with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gpa. Dates (plant growth stage and degree-days after first pheromone trap catch in spring of codling moth, TABM, OFM of application were 12 Apr (delayed dormant), 18 Apr (pre-pink), 10 May (petal fall, 163,-,296), 20 May (266, 115,442), 3 Jun (410, 317, 644), 11 Jun (561, 508, 835), 18 Jun (721, 703, 1031), 3 Jul (1034, 1091, 1418), 11 Jul (1191, 1285, 1613), 25 Jul (1499, 1641, 1969), 2 Aug (1626, 1831, 2158), and 8 Aug (1754, 1989, 2317). Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Agri-Mycin, COCS, Dithane, Nova, Penncozeb, Rubigan, and Ziram. Treatment effect was evaluated by counting insects and injury on the periphery of 4 single-tree replications in the center row(s) of each plot periodically during the season. RAA control was determined by counting colonies per tree. Con-trol of WALH was determined by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves per tree. Effect of treatments against ERM was determined by sampling 25 leaves/tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. OFM control was determined by counting injured terminals per tree. Control of STLM was determined by counting all tissue-feeding mines during a 5 minute period per tree. Effect of treatments against TABM was determined by counting leaf shelters and live larvae within leaf shelters per tree. Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Entomological Society of America.

Hogmire, Henry, W.;Winfield,, Tim

1997 Arthropod Management Tests

doi: 10.1093/amt/22.1.7

Abstract This experiment was conducted in a 2.5 acre block of 130-yr-old trees on M 7A rootstock. Trees measured 11 ft. in height and 10 ft. in width and were planted at a spacing of 20 X 20 ft. The experimental design consisted of 4 replications (2 ‘Delicious’, 2 ‘Criterion’) of 9-tree plots (3 rows X 3 trees/row) in a randomized block design. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the trees with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gal/acre. Dates (plant growth stage and degree-days after 1st pheromone trap catch in spring of CM, TABM, OFM) of application were 10 May (petal fall, 163,-, 296), 22 May (302, 161, 489), 3 Jun (410, 317, 644), 11 Jun (561, 508, 835), 26 Jun (900, 921, 1248), 11 Jul (1191, 1285, 1613), 25 Jul (1499, 1641, 1969), 8 Aug (1754, 1989, 2317), 21 Aug (1976, 2274, 2602), 30 Aug (2144, 2488, 2815), and 5 Sep (2237, 261 1, 2938). Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Agri-Mycin, Asana, COCS, Dithane, Nova, Penncozeb, Topsin-M, and Ziram. Treatments were evaluated by counting arthropod pests and injury on the periphery of the center tree in each plot periodically during the season. Control of WALH was determined by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves per tree. OFM control was determined by counting injured terminals per tree. Effect of treatments against ERM was determined by sampling 25 leaves/tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. Control of STLM was determined by counting all tissue-feeding mines during a 5 minute period per tree. Effect of treatments against TABM was determined by counting leaf shelters and live larvae within leaf shelters per tree. Control of fruit-feeding insects was determined by scoring for injury 100 picked apples/replication on 24 Sep. Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker) This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Entomological Society of America.

Hull, Larry, A.

1997 Arthropod Management Tests

doi: 10.1093/amt/22.1.9

Abstract Experimental and registered insecticides were applied alone or in various combinations to 3-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of ‘Golden Delicious’ and 2 replicates of ‘Yorking’ with a buffer row between plots. Trees were planted at a spacing of 20 X 30 ft and were 21 yr old. Samples were taken from the center tree in each plot. Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster ‘309’ calibrated to deliver 100 GPA at 2.0 mph. The 2nd application of CGA-59205 35WP treatments and the Comply 40 WP treatment were timed for 250° degree days (base 50°F) after the first emergence of CM adults during the first brood. All applications were complete sprays. A routine schedule of fungicides (Benlate 50DF, Dithane 75DF, Nova 40WP, and Ziram 76WP) was maintained throughout the experiment. Aphis spiraecola Patch This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Entomological Society of America.

Hull, Larry, A.

1997 Arthropod Management Tests

doi: 10.1093/amt/22.1.13

Abstract Effects of various insecticides timed for TABM control were assessed for their activity against some other apple pests and their natural enemies. The experimental and registered materials were applied to replicated 12-15 tree plots in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of alternating trees of ‘Yorking’ and ‘Golden Delicious’. These trees were spaced at 18 X 25 ft and were 17 years old. Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster ‘309’ calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 2.4 mph. Application timings were based on the accumulation of degree days from first adult moth capture in a sex pheromone trap (18 May) in order to predict various percentages of egg hatch for each TABM brood. Degree day calculations were based on minimum and maximum developmental thresholds of 45°F and 91°F, respectively. All applications were complete sprays. A routine schedule of fungicides (Benlate 50DF, Penncozeb 75DF, Rubigan 1EC, and Ziram 76WP) was maintained throughout the experiment. Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Entomological Society of America.