International Journal of Public Law and Policy

Khan, Md. Abdul Awal; Haq, Md. Zahurul; Iqbal, A.S.M. Tariq

2022 International Journal of Public Law and Policy

doi: 10.1504/IJPLAP.2022.120660

To expect a decent, standard, and adequate living space for oneself and the future generation is a part of human instinct. Housing rights do not refer to mere shelter; rather the terms security, privacy, peace, and dignity are interconnected to it. Like other human rights, climate change directly affects the right to adequate housing in several ways. International legal and human rights provisions, regarding housing rights, are too general to address under climate change perspective. This paper argues that there should be a minimum standard for the states, which could be followed as a principle for ensuring housing rights for the citizens to formulate their national housing plan, legislation, and strategy. Thus, this paper investigates the standards of existing international provisions on housing rights and focuses on minimum core obligation and progressive realisation theory to ensure the right to housing, especially from the climate change perspective.

Reátegui, Rubén Méndez; Díaz, Raúl Alosilla; Albújar, Oscar Súmar; Chanalata, Diego Coca

2022 International Journal of Public Law and Policy

doi: 10.1504/IJPLAP.2022.120662

Using an interdisciplinary analysis, this paper intends to describe the meanings and roles played by efficiency in public administration, from a legal-economic perspective. In line with the neo-institutional approach, legal-economic analysis is based on the premise that agents involved in the different levels of government make decisions according to the incentives they face, and so with legal rules. However, there are variables that impose costs and benefits, but can also cause externalities within the context of these decisions. We analyse how efficiency is applied in different contexts and administrative regulations, focusing on the electoral system.

Mohammad, Suleiman Jamal; Tahtamouni, Asem; Aldaas, Abdullah Ahmed; Sumadi, Mohammad Ahmad

2022 International Journal of Public Law and Policy

doi: 10.1504/IJPLAP.2022.120663

The aim of this paper is to understand the bank employees' awareness and satisfaction levels towards various issues related to money laundering in Jordanian commercial banks. The data was collected through distributed questionnaires. Statistical techniques like correlations and regressions along with hypothesis testing were applied for data analysis. The paper found that the employees of Jordanian commercial banks were found to be satisfied with several initiatives and procedures for detecting money laundering in their banks, but the exposure of employees was a concern. The significance of this research is based on the premise that money laundering damages the growth and progress of the monetary system, which is due to the impact of the risk structure of the bank and also, due to negatively affecting the customer's trust. Subsequently, a proper implementation by the banking system creates an additional layer of money laundering prevention.

Kumar, Narender

2022 International Journal of Public Law and Policy

doi: 10.1504/IJPLAP.2022.120666

Hardcore cartels are considered the most egregious violation and a part of domestic competition law. It garbles world trade through concentration of economic power, and inefficiency which destroys the market due to its secret nature, and it is very difficult to detect its existence. Thus, nearly all competition regimes declare cartels as an illegal activity, and have different enforcement mechanisms including 'leniency programs'. It offers businesses the opportunity to come uncontaminated about their participation in cartel demeanour in exchange for immunity. This study attempts to trace the strength and scope of the leniency programmes in BRICS countries and to analyse the jurisprudence behind identifying parameters of its efficiency by comparing BRICS leniency regulations which reflects the weaknesses of the existing leniency programmes as deterrence in India and BRICS countries. The paper concludes by contributing an imminent path for possible perfection in the form of positive recommendations.

Muluye, Ketemaw; Abuhay, Tewodros; Mehari, Belete

2022 International Journal of Public Law and Policy

doi: 10.1504/IJPLAP.2022.120664

Ethiopia was restructured as an ethnic federal state in 1991 with the aim to ensure equality of ethnic groups. However, it is claimed that, multi-ethnic regions such as BGRS create hierarchy of ethnicities in exercising rights. The aim of this article is, thus, to examine the region's politics of recognition and its implication on the land rights of 'non-titular' nationalities in BGRS. Qualitative research approach with a case study research design was utilised. The data were collected through interview and document analysis. The finding revealed that Amharas' right of access to land and get compensation for land and properties confiscated by the government are found to be restricted. This is attributed, mainly, to the exclusionary politics of recognition that made some ethnic groups 'owners' and others 'non-owners'. This implies the need to reconsider the federation with an attention to the rights of 'non-owners' in multi-ethnic regional states of Ethiopia.