How to pay for the coronavirus emergency: the fiscal challengeToporowski, Jan; Jump, Robert Calvert
2021 International Journal of Public Law and Policy
doi: 10.1504/IJPLAP.2021.115005
The coronavirus emergency presents the British Government with the greatest fiscal challenge since the Second World War. While the course of the emergency will be determined by the nature of the infection and the arrangements for dealing with it, the course of the recovery from the epidemic will be determined by the financing of the emergency, whether this is done by the government, or left to households and firms running up private debt. The quickest recovery will be obtained by maintaining a high level of government borrowing serviced by taxes on wealth and profits. This would reverse some of the regressive features of the epidemic which is exacerbating an unequal distribution of income and wealth.
Is the Peruvian constitution neoliberal? The influence of the Washington consensusAlbujar, Oscar Sumar; Reátegui, Rubén Méndez
2021 International Journal of Public Law and Policy
doi: 10.1504/IJPLAP.2021.115002
In the period between 1980 and 2000, all Latin American constitutions were substantially reformed. Those reforms were, in general, a turn to the economic right and was a regional phenomenon. Nevertheless, it is stated that the Peruvian constitution was one of the most 'neoliberal' in the region. In this article, we will analyse if the Peruvian constitution is one of the most neoliberal constitutions in Latin America. For that, they study the influence of the Washington consensus in the reform of the Peruvian Constitution of 1993. We also study other factors in that reform, in particular, what they call the 'other consensus', which pursues other objectives. Also, we note that the Peruvian constitution was applied by non-liberal actors who imprinted their social ideas in it. In the end, we conclude that the Peruvian constitution was not neoliberal together with other relevant conclusions.
Law enforcement in the application of large-scale social restriction policy in Jakarta during pandemic COVID-19Hutahayan, Benny
2021 International Journal of Public Law and Policy
doi: 10.1504/IJPLAP.2021.115004
This research aims to determine the effects of Covid-19 on law enforcement in the application of large-scale social restrictions policy in Jakarta. This research used a quantitative approach in the form of a survey. The sample was 200 residents of Jakarta who were randomly selected using Google Form. The quantitative data analysis was structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis based on partial least square (PLS) to answer the research hypothesis. A significant relationship is the relationship between effectiveness on obedience, the relationship between obedience on awareness, and the relationship between the effectiveness of awareness mediated by obedience. People with too much confidence tend to violate the application of LSSR policy. Besides, people who are too confident in obeying LSSR regulations will tend not to realise the importance of applying LSSR policies. The new findings are the use of models involving quadratic relationships, where the higher one's trust, is not necessarily always increase obedience and awareness. With a level above 76%, public obedience and awareness will tend to decrease.
An appraisal of electronic signature law of Ethiopia: further reforms for improvementHaileyesus, Israel Woldekidan
2021 International Journal of Public Law and Policy
doi: 10.1504/IJPLAP.2021.115006
Traditionally, a signature is any character that is made with the intent to sign a document. However, the information technology revolution happening across the world demands the use of electronic signature instead of the traditional inked-based signature. The usage of electronic signature is not as easy as the ink one; as its application faces both technological and legal challenges. In addressing legal concerns states are legalising electronic signatures by enacting laws. Ethiopia, though she is too late, enacted electronic signature law in 2018. The objective of this paper is to analyse whether this law is adequate to regulate electronic signatures in its contemporary development and to provide recommendations for improvement if any. In doing so, the article compares provisions of ESP with some international legal instruments on the area and electronic signature laws from other jurisdictions. The writer concludes that there are gaps in the law and need to be improved.
The role of international law in controlling disease outbreaksBanerjee, Rajat; Kumar, Abhinav
2021 International Journal of Public Law and Policy
doi: 10.1504/IJPLAP.2021.115000
Disease outbreaks in the form of epidemics and pandemics are known to destabilise the existing global public health infrastructure and to put nation-states in an alarming set of circumstances, thereby posing quite a few questions before us, including: can there be a solution to such problem in international law? In light of this question, the present essay tries to discern the role of international law in handling disease outbreaks. It wants to know whether there are sufficient international legal safeguards to address disease outbreaks and whether liability can be fastened on nation-states (including their people), international organisations, etc., if they are found to be directly and substantially responsible for such outbreaks. It dissects theoretical frameworks, analyses and interprets the existing literature to conclude that a 'one-size-fits-all' international legal approach is required to control disease outbreaks. It eventually recommends the need to have a Pandemic Convention.