International Review of the Red Cross

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Journal Article

Protection of the Environment During Armed Conflict

Demeyere, Bruno

2023 International Review of the Red Cross

doi:10.1017/S1816383123000462

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Journal Article

Interview with Marja Lehto

2023 International Review of the Red Cross

doi:10.1017/S1816383123000437

Dr Marja Lehto is Ambassador for International Legal Affairs at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, and Adjunct Professor of International Law at the University of Helsinki. She was a member of the United Nations (UN) International Law Commission (ILC) and served as the Special...

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The protection of the natural environment under international humanitarian law: The ICRC's 2020 Guidelines

Obregón Gieseken, Helen; Murphy, Vanessa

2023 International Review of the Red Cross

doi:10.1017/S1816383123000401

Abstract In 2020, the International Committee of the Red Cross's work on the protection of the natural environment under international humanitarian law (IHL) produced the Committee's Guidelines on the Protection of the Natural Environment in Armed Conflict (ICRC Guidelines), an update of their...

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Journal Article

The obligation to prevent environmental harm in relation to armed conflict

Argren, Rigmor

2023 International Review of the Red Cross

doi:10.1017/S1816383123000231

Abstract The scope of protection of the environment in relation to armed conflict has continued to expand since the issue was first introduced on the international agenda in the 1970s. Today, it is recognized that the environment is a prima facie civilian object and as such it is entitled to the...

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Journal Article

The Climate and Environment Charter for Humanitarian Organizations: Strengthening the humanitarian response to the climate and environment crises

Grayson, Catherine-Lune; Khouzam, Amir; Jayamaha, Nishanie; Julmy, Stephanie

2023 International Review of the Red Cross

doi:10.1017/S1816383123000371

Abstract Since its launch in 2021, the Climate and Environment Charter for Humanitarian Organizations (the Charter) has been signed by hundreds of humanitarian actors across the world, including local and national organizations, United Nations agencies, National Red Cross and Red Crescent...

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Journal Article

Re-evaluating international humanitarian law in a triple planetary crisis: New challenges, new tools

Sjöstedt, Britta; Hulme, Karen

2023 International Review of the Red Cross

doi:10.1017/S1816383123000449

Abstract In the face of the triple planetary crisis, which includes climate change, biodiversity loss and environmental degradation, there is growing recognition that the environment needs to be re-evaluated and better protected. Recent developments, such as a values assessment by the...

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Journal Article

Protecting the environment in armed conflict: Evaluating the US perspective

Biggerstaff, W. Casey; Schmitt, Michael N.

2023 International Review of the Red Cross

doi:10.1017/S1816383123000516

Abstract This article outlines and evaluates the US perspective on how treaty and customary international law protect the natural environment during international armed conflict. It surveys the relevant treaties to which the United States is a party and examines US views on their pertinent...

Open Access

Journal Article

The 2022 Political Declaration on the Use of Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas: A tool for protecting the environment in armed conflict?

Bagshaw, Simon

2023 International Review of the Red Cross

doi:10.1017/S1816383123000267

Abstract In November 2022, eighty-three States endorsed the Political Declaration on Strengthening the Protection of Civilians from the Humanitarian Consequences Arising from the Use of Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas (Political Declaration). The Political Declaration is a new and...

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Journal Article

War in cities: Why the protection of the natural environment matters even when fighting in urban areas, and what can be done to ensure protection

Massingham, Eve; Almila, Elina; Piret, Mathilde

2023 International Review of the Red Cross

doi:10.1017/S1816383123000395

Abstract Around 50 million people across the world are affected by urban warfare. When conflict occurs in cities, the natural environment has historically been relegated to an afterthought, but both the immediate and long-term environmental consequences of urban warfare are serious. This article...

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Another brick in the wall: Climate change (in)adaptation under the law of belligerent occupation

Baudichau, Eva

2023 International Review of the Red Cross

doi:10.1017/S1816383123000334

Abstract This article explores the legal obligations of Occupying Powers with regard to climate change adaptation for local populations and their environment under the law of occupation, specifically in the context of prolonged belligerent occupations. It focuses on the critical matter of water...

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