Peer Review Statementdoi: 10.1088/1757-899x/1328/1/011002pmid: N/A
All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 23• Number of submissions sent for review: 22• Number of submissions accepted: 22• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 95.7• Average number of reviews per paper: 1.7• Total number of reviewers involved: 20• Contact person for queries:Name: Malgorzata HolynskaEmail: [email protected]: ESA ESTEC
Interaction of Lunar Dust Simulants with Materials: Importance of ChargingKleiman, J.; Horodetsky, S.; Issoupov, V.; Verba, V.; Artymowicz, D.
doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/1328/1/012003pmid: N/A
Materials exposed to lunar regolith dust and other environmental factors on the Moon may suffer permanent damage, risking catastrophic failures. Lunar dust poses the greatest threat. Preventive measures are crucial, with principles emerging to deter dust accumulation in vacuum conditions. Charging of dust and surfaces significantly affects adhesion. Charging sources include photoemission, solar wind, and secondary electron emission from Earth’s magnetosphere, resulting in positive charge on the dayside and negative charge on the nightside.In framework of NASA’s “Regolith Adherence Characterization (RAC) Payload” project, we initiated a program on conducting experiments in our Lunar Environment Simulator on interaction of lunar dust simulants with materials, similar to the RAC Payload experiment. As part of this program, we conducted a series of experiments to understand the effects of charges accumulating on dust simulants and the surfaces they interact with on the adhesion and mitigation of dust.We adapted a number of methods to charge the dust, - tribological, vacuum ultraviolet and plasma, and used a nanocoulomb meter set-up to evaluate the dust charge. A rotating disk sample holder enhances dust flow uniformity. In the experiments we measured the dust charge acquired under different conditions, with the aim to understand interaction models. This paper presents initial findings and discusses relevant models.
On-ground and in-orbit experiments: new insight to reveal Atomic Oxygen Induced ContaminationYamanaka, Riyo; Faye, Delphine
doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/1328/1/012011pmid: N/A
Lots of satellites with equipment more and more sensitive to contamination operate in Low Earth Orbit and can be exposed to high Atomic Oxygen fluence. Therefore, it is paramount to highlight the risks of damage according to the chemical nature of materials and quantify the level of potential induced contaminants produced by erosion and oxidation that may alter the surface properties in close vicinity[1, 2]. AIC (Atomic oxygen Induced Contamination) topic is part of the research themes defined for collaborative studies between Japanese and French space agencies[3, 4]. First AIC test campaigns were performed in JAXA facility to identify the nature of the contaminants potentially generated by AO impingement on polymer materials and to characterize their effects. As a result, it was clarified that some materials commonly used on spacecraft could generate mainly particles. Next step is to compare the effect of AO preliminary observed during ground tests on various polymers such as those used on the International Space Station or on LEO satellites with the real degradation of the same kinds of polymers that will be exposed on EMA (Euro Material Ageing)/SESAME experiment[5]. This experiment was launched by SpaceX on the 5th of November 2024 and installed on ram face of ISS for more than one year. Thus, it will offer a unique opportunity to better understand the impact of space environment parameters and especially the effect of AO and AIC generation. As for ground tests where conductive carbon double-sided tapes were used as collector materials to capture AIC contaminants, the same double-sided tapes have been placed on EMA/SESAME to evaluate the possible redistributed particulate contamination coming from the eroded polymers. This paper presents the results on AIC from previous ground test campaigns and will focus on the analysis plan to characterize the double-sided tapes not only after ground tests but also after EMA/SESAME retrieval.
New Plasma Source with Accelerator for Creating a Dust Flow of a Lunar Dust SimulantHorodetsky, S.; Kleiman, J.; Issoupov, V.; Verba, V.
doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/1328/1/012004pmid: N/A
In a framework of a program on interaction of lunar dust simulants with materials, we developed a new plasma source integrated into the lunar environment simulator and used in charging the dust simulants deposited onto various space materials. The designed source includes an electrically insulated dust container located at the bottom of the chamber, allowing to ground it or apply an electrical potential. Above the container a mesh electrode is placed, isolated electrically from the dust container. Magnets, installed in the system, allow forming and focusing of plasma. Samples used for testing are fixed on a holder located above the plasma dust source. It is also electrically insulated, and can be either grounded or supplied with an electrical potential. The plasma, ignited in the vacuum chamber, interacts with the dust in the container, charging it. The charged dust particles begin moving towards the sample holder, raised to a much higher potential. By selecting the electrical potentials applied to the sample holder or to the plasma source mesh, or to both, the dust particles will accelerate in the space between the dust container and the sample holder. This paper describes the idea, design and testing of this plasma source. It also describes the original studies of charging the dust simulator obtained both by this plasma source and by the VUV and tribological methods, carried out in the same vacuum chamber using the same measuring devices. A comparison of these original data was also made. A prototype of this source has been tested under various conditions, and its operation and possible advantages over other designs of dust distribution sources are presented and discussed in this paper.
Euro Material Ageing – A European experiment on International Space Station for materials sciences research and technology developmentPerraud, S; Laurent, E; Marelli, L; Kerboub, N; Faye, D; Savin De Larclause, I
doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/1328/1/012020pmid: N/A
Low Earth orbit (LEO) space environment is very harsh for materials used in satellites. Before using in-(light, materials have to be validated on ground but the on-ground facilities cannot combine simultaneously all the space environment parameters so synergetic effects are not seen. Therefore, Euro Material Ageing (EMA) is a significant opportunity to expose materials samples in real space conditions to improve our understanding of their degradations and to collect environmental data thanks to environmental sensors to refine models and analysis.EMA – a collaboration between CNES, CNRS and ESA – is made of two experiments:SESAME (Space Environment Study of Ageing of MatErials) for studying materials behavior in space environment and measuring in-orbit parameters such as atomic oxygen (lux, contamination, radiation, micrometeoroids and debris population for a better knowledge of the LEO space environment and its effects.IR-Coaster (principal investigator of IR-Coaster is at LISA/CNRS) for characterizing the behavior of organic compounds when exposed to solar UV radiation by in situ infrared spectroscopy.The synergy between the two experiments will be highlighted in this paper as well as the assembly, integration and testing performed on 2024.EMA has been launched to the International Space Station (ISS) on November 2024 and will be exposed between 6 and 18 months (nominal duration 12 months) outside the International Space Station (ISS).
Analyzing and cleaning laser-induced contamination deposits from epoxy outgassing under UV laser irradiation in vacuumAoun, Amer; Wagner, Frank; Natoli, Jean-Yves; Gineste, Thomas; Faye, Delphine
doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/1328/1/012013pmid: N/A
The mechanisms of deposition and removal of Laser-Induced Contamination (LIC) were studied in a vacuum environment using a combination of in-situ and ex-situ techniques. The optical properties of LIC deposits were analyzed in-situ through transmission measurements and Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) and ex-situ using White Light Interference Microscopy (WLIM). Chemical analyses were conducted via in-situ gas-phase mass spectrometry and ex-situ Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) measurements of the deposits. Correlations between the in-situ techniques demonstrated that our setup could detect different stages of both LIC deposition and cleaning processes. ToF-SIMS measurements revealed that LIC deposits undergo continuous chemical evolution under irradiation. These findings provide a deeper understanding of LIC, a phenomenon that degrades the performance of nanosecond UV lasers operating in vacuum environments and limits their lifetime.
New Materials for LEO, GEO and Planetary Environments: Preliminary Results from MISSE-17 ExperimentKleiman, J.; Iskanderova, Z.; Ng, R.; Tang, A.
doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/1328/1/012017pmid: N/A
ITL developed coatings and surface treatments that include prototypes of multifunctional coatings with charge-dissipative and dust mitigation properties, including Lunar dust Work Function Matching Coating (WFMC) that can be applied to surfaces of various space materials. Selected samples were flown on MISSE-17 Material Experiment, to evaluate their resistance to space environmental factors like thermal cycling, vacuum, VUV and atomic oxygen.Two thermal control materials, i. e. a 1 mil KaptonHN with a doped diamond-like coating (DLC) on it and an aluminized 1 mil KaptonHN with a DLC film on it were selected for the ram direction. For the wake position, a doped DLC on a 1 mil aluminized KaptonHN and a doped DLC on a silver-coated Teflon FEP were selected, to check the influence of both the thermal cycling and UV exposure. In addition, two samples of Lunar dust Work Function Matching Coating (WFMC) on Kapton HN (WFMC/Kapton) were prepared and added, one in ram direction and one in wake direction.The MISSE-17 Experiment was launched from Kennedy Space Centre on March 15, 2023 and returned on SpX-29 flight in December 2023. Samples faced atomic oxygen fluence of ~8.0E+20 atoms/cm2 in ram direction and 3.76E+18 atoms/cm2 in wake direction over 145 days and 157 days, respectively.The results discussed in this paper include weight and surface morphology changes, the thermal optical properties and surface analysis.