Prefacedoi: 10.1088/1757-899X/742/1/011001pmid: N/A
The International Conference on Chemical Engineering (ICCE) 2019 was held in Bandung, Indonesia from November 28-29, 2019. ICCE 2019 was organized by the Department of Chemical Engineering, Parahyangan Catholic University. The objective of this conference was to highlight trends and research focuses in various areas of chemical engineering disciplines, especially when related to the innovation in chemical engineering fundamental concepts and applications.The proceedings are a compilation of the accepted papers and represent important results of the conference. We would like to acknowledge all people who were involved in ICCE 2019. Each individual and institution's support was very meaningful for the success of this conference. Especially, we would like to thank the organizing committee for their valuable advice in the organization and helpful peer review of the papers.We sincerely hope that ICCE 2019 would serve as an ideal meeting point for academia, industrial practitioners, and authorities from around the globe, where every participant can share and at the same time update their most recent ideas and discoveries.Arenst Andreas Arie, PhD. Parahyangan Catholic University
Peer review statementdoi: 10.1088/1757-899X/742/1/011002pmid: N/A
All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.
A Kinetic Study on Supercritical Carbon-dioxide Extraction of Indonesian Trigona sp. PropolisFachri, B A; Rizkiana, M F; Muharja, M
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/742/1/012001pmid: N/A
This work is to investigate the supercritical CO2 extraction of Indonesian Trigona sp. raw propolis. The kinetic study was conducted at CO2 mass flowrate of 15 g/min, the temperature of 50 °C and pressure (250-350 bar). The process was run for 3 h and the extract was accumulated every 30 min. The proposed mathematical extraction models were Sovova, Logistic and Reverchon. The result shows that Sovova model gives a good fit between calculated and data value. The Sovova model also has lower SSE than Logistic and Reverchon model. The highest extract of 46 wt% was achieved at extraction time of 60 min, the temperature of 50 °C, the mass CO2 flowrate 20 g/min and the pressure 300 bar. The extract constituent consisting of galangin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, kaempferol, and chrysin was detected by HPLC analysis. The antioxidant activity analyzed by DPPH method was expressed as IC50 and the value is comparable to ascorbic acid.
Modification of Tert-butylhydroquinone with Palmitic Acid as a Soluble Antioxidant for Biodiesel AdditiveSutanto, Hery; Pramastiani, Amanda Jehan; Yusri, Silvya; Darmawan, Akhmad; Legowo, Evita H.; Nasikin, Mohammad
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/742/1/012003pmid: N/A
Biodiesel is a product resulted from the process of transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat. Biodiesel is a renewable fuel and uses as alternative to fossil fuel diesel. However, one of the biodiesel drawbacks which is oxidation can affect the storage stability of the biodiesel. One way to solve this issue is by using antioxidant additives to improve the storage stability of biodiesel. Tert-Butylhydroquinone is a common synthetic phenolic antioxidant and has a proven superior antioxidant activity due to its polar characteristic. The difference in polarity between non-polar biodiesel and phenolic antioxidant makes their solubility becomes very low. In this study, modification of TBHQ with palmitic acid was done by using Friedel-Crafts acylation to increase its solubility in biodiesel. The resulting proposed product 1-(2-(tert-butyl)-3,6- dihydroxyphenyl)hexadecane-1-one, was confirmed using TLC, LC-MS/MS and 1H-NMR. The product showed solubility limit at concentration 2500 ppm and antioxidant activity with the IC50 value of 675.38 ppm, which both results are lower compared to TBHQ.
Modification of Pyrogallol with Palmitic Acid as a Soluble Biodiesel AdditiveSutanto, Hery; Belinda, Rosa; Yusri, Silvya; Darmawan, Akhmad; Legowo, Evita H.; Nasikin, Mohammad
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/742/1/012004pmid: N/A
Biodiesel, as a promising substitute for fossil diesel oil, has nevertheless a main disadvantage, which is oxidized easily. The oxidation degrades its quality and causes disturbances to the machine during operations. Therefore, antioxidant is commonly used in biodiesel. However, the common antioxidant used, namely pyrogallol, has a poor solubility in biodiesel due to the polarity difference. Therefore, this research focused on the modification of pyrogallol by attaching palmitic acid molecule to the benzene ring of pyrogallol molecule through the Friedel-Crafts acylation. The product was characterized by TLC and 1H NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the reaction produced a new product, 1.1’ -(4,5,6-trihydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(hexadecane-1-one). The new product was subjected to a solubility test and an antioxidant activity evaluation. The result showed that the solubility limit of the product was at 2500 ppm, which was significantly higher than pyrogallol analyzed using one sample t-test. However, using DPPH method, it was found that the antioxidant activity of the new product was slightly lower than pyrogallol as the IC50 value of the new product was 18.44 ppm, and pyrogallol’s was 3.07 ppm.
Effect of Manganese Coating on the Sorption Performance of Pyrolusite for Lead in Aqueous ConditionsFransiscus, Yunus; Effendy, Carolyn V.; Wijaya, Herman S.
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/742/1/012005pmid: N/A
A process to modify the property of pyrolusite, a natural form of manganese dioxide, was done in order to get a better adsorption performance. Modification was executed by coating the mineral with manganese solution (KMnO4, 0.05 M). Characterization analysis with XRF described significant change on Mn and MnO components, which was higher on the coated material compared to the ore. Meanwhile, although has not perfectly homogenous, it was identified that the distribution of pore diameter reduced from 2.23 – 4.08 μm to 0.65 – 1.07 μm. Another important result from this study was that pHpzc of pyrolusite shifted from 4.2 to 1.9, giving a wider range on pH working solution for the adsorption performance. Manganese coated pyrolusite performed very well in 4 different pH conditions, providing overall removal efficiency above 90% for Lead. Furthermore, from a series of adsorption batch experiments it has been known that the adsorption mechanism of modified pyrolusite for Lead was better explained with Langmuir equation and the kinetics reaction was best modelled by pseudo-second order.
Cenosphere Separation from Fly Ash Using Modified Gravity Separator: Feed Ratio Assessment and Stream Velocity OptimizationSaputra, F Y A; Sutijan, ; Petrus, H T B M
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/742/1/012006pmid: N/A
The increase of the population causing increased energy needs, one of which is electricity. Coal constitutes one of the largest carbon sources to generate electricity where the combustion leaves a by-product in the form of fly ash. Inside the fly ash, there are round- shaped hollow particles whose its density is lower than water of about 0.9 g/cm3. These particles called cenosphere containing alumino-silicate. Due to its lighter and tougher nature, it makes the cenosphere appealing to use as a lightweight and robust material. Cenosphere can be separated using both dry separation and wet separation. Separation using the wet process produces another impact on the side of the liquid media processing that is used because it potentially carries toxic compounds inside the fly ash. While the separation using the dry separation method still has problems regarding its efficiency. Modified Gravity Separator is a new design for cenosphere separation using air as a fluid medium. This research was conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed geometry by looking at the effect of the feed velocity to the geometry expansion space using a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) computing software. The feed particles are assumed to be spherical shape and are observed with the Euler-Lagrange equation where the particles interact with continuous airflow. The simulations were carried out at speeds of 0.1 m/s, 0.25 m/s, 0.5 m/s, and 1 m/s. This simulation successfully illustrates the flow pattern and predicts the recovery rate of each collector so that it can be evaluated and optimized for future investigation.
Kinetics and Thermodynamics Studies of Ketalization of Glycerol and Acetone in the Presence of Basolite F300 as CatalystSulistyo, Hary; Perdana, Indra; Pratiwi, Fatimah Tresna; Hartati, Indah
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/742/1/012007pmid: N/A
Acetalyzation of glycerol with acetone has been carried out using Basolite F300 as catalyst. Heterogeneous catalysis reaction model was employed and Langmuir Hinshelwood mechanism was simulated and validated to the experimental data. The experiment was conducted at varying temperature (30 – 55°C) with an initial molar ratio of glycerol to acetone of 1:4, agitation speed of 700 rpm and catalyst loading of 1% (w/w glycerol). The agitation speed of 700 rpm was sufficient to neglect the external mass transfer as the rate controlling step.The results showed that glycerol conversion as high as 83.33 % was obtained from one hour reaction time. The glycerol conversion was simulated and the results were compared with experimental data in a temperature range of 30°C to 55°C. From mathematical model, it was found that the pre-exponential factor of 0.0149 min–1 and activation energy of 15.7085 kJ.mole–1. Comparison of experimental data and calculation results showed that the proposed mathematical model was adequately able to approach the experimental data within the temperature range under investigation. Thermodynamics analysis on the ketalization resulted in ΔS°, ΔH° and ΔG° which values were 0.0834 kJ.mole–1 K–1, -29.7176 kJ.mole–1 and -4.8675 kJ.mole–1, respectively.
Simulation and Parametric Study of the Innovative Process to Produce High Purity Isopropyl Acetate with Ethylene Oxide Hydration as an Auxiliary ReactionWiratama, I G P; Novianty, V
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/742/1/012008pmid: N/A
Production of high purity isopropyl acetate by esterification is a difficult process since the equilibrium conversion is relatively low and there are azeotropes between isopropyl acetate with water and between isopropyl acetate with the reactants. In this research, an innovative process to produce high purity isopropyl acetate with auxiliary reaction of ethylene oxide hydration was proposed. The process consisted of a reactor and a simple distillation column. The auxiliary reaction abolished the water/isopropyl acetate azeotrope and shifted the esterification equilibrium to the right. Impacts of the reactor type, the feed temperature, the reflux ratio, and the bottoms rate were investigated by simulating the process in Aspen Plus software. The results revealed that the innovative IpAc production with auxiliary reaction of EO hydration gave very high esterification conversion (up to 99.8%) and very high purity of IpAc (up to 99.7%). These results were achieved when the reactor type was isothermal at feed temperature, the feed temperature was 77°C, the reflux ratio was 1, and the bottoms rate was 10 kmol/h.
Optimization of Platforming Catalyst Deactivation due to SinteringAlvino, Nimrod; Hermansyah, Heri
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/742/1/012009pmid: N/A
The purpose of this study are to analyze and identify the causes of catalyst deactivation and provide recommendations and solutions to these problems. This research was conducted by identifying phenomena & analyzing the causes of deactivation of catalysts, testing the factors that are the causes of deactivation of catalysts, providing solutions and recommendations and testing these solutions. The results of this study indicate that the decrease in RON values on reformate products is caused by catalyst deactivation due to sintering. The sintering of the catalyst was identified through Regenerator CCR performance which was marked by a decrease in regeneration gas & chlorination gas flow as well as a decrease in the oxygen content of the chlorination gas due to a plugging at the center screen of the CCR Regenerator Tower.