The 1st International Symposium of Indonesian Chemical Engineering (ISIChem) 2018doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/543/1/011001pmid: N/A
Preface: The 1st International Symposium of Indonesian Chemical Engineering (ISIChem) 2018Hakun Wirawasista Aparamarta1, Yi-Hsu Ju2, Fusheng Li3, Soorathep Kheawhom4, Kusdianto1, Widiyastuti1, Himsar Ambarita5, Siti Nurkhamidah1, Raden Darmawan1*Editor of ISIChem 20181 Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Surabaya, Indonesia2 Chemical Engineering Department, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Taiwan3 Chemical Engineering Department, Gifu University, Japan4 Chemical Engineering Department, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand5 Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Sumatera Utara (USU), IndonesiaThis proceedings volume contains selected articles from the “1st International Symposium of Indonesian Chemical Engineering (ISIChem) 2018” held in Kryad Bumi Minang Hotel, West Sumatra, Indonesia from October 4-6, 2018, that has been peer reviewed.Despite the fact that this is only our first international symposium of Indonesian Chemical Engineers, and the sixth for the national one, we are so honored to announce that this year we have abundance of enthusiastic participants from five different countries participating in the conference. In the October 4-6, 2018, 250 research papers have been presented in the ISIChem, covering eleven research areas, such as: Biochemical Engineering, Catalyst and Reaction Engineering, Waste Water Treatment Technology, Renewable Energy Technology, Nano Materials and Nanotechnologies, System Engineering Process, Thermodynamics and Supercritical Technology, Separation and Purification Technology, Food and Pharmaceutical Technology, Chemical Engineering Management, and Chemical Engineering Education. We are also delighted to announce that the selected papers will be published in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.
Peer review statementdoi: 10.1088/1757-899X/543/1/011002pmid: N/A
All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.
Utilization of Cocopeat And Goat of Dirt In Marking of Solid Organic Fertilizer To Quality Macro Nutrient (NPK)Kurniawan, E; Ishak, ; Suryani,
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/543/1/012001pmid: N/A
Fertilizer is a material that can provide nutrients for plants. Organic fertilizers are fertilizers composed of living creatures that are processed through decomposition by decomposers, such as weathering the remains of plants, animals, and humans. The purpose of this research is to see the effect of fermentation time and influence of EM4 composition on nutrient quality in solid organic fertilizer. The results obtained based on the length of time of fermentation and Volume Efective Microorganism 4 EM4 then obtained the best results at 60 ml EM4 volume and 16th days fermentation time with 0.90% nitrogen content, 0.93% phosphorus, and potassium levels of 1.48%. The longer and more EM4 volume the more nutrients it gets.
Single cell protein production by a local Aspergillus niger in solid state fermentation using rice straw pulp as carbon source: effects of fermentation variablesSaid, S D; Zaki, M; Asnawi, T M; Novita, E
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/543/1/012002pmid: N/A
In this study, solid-state fermentation was carried out to produce single cell protein by local Aspergillus niger. Rice straw pulp produced from the pretreatment by liquid hot water at temperature 121 °C for 60 minutes of cooking time was used as carbon source. The effects of nitrogen sources, initial medium pH, C/N ratios of substrates and fermentation time on SCP production were evaluated in these experiments. The single cell protein was measured as crude protein content in the fermentation product by the Kjeldahl analysis method. The maximum crude protein of 18.9 % (w/w) contained in the fermentation product occurred at the fermentation condition with C/N ratio 30:1, the initial medium pH 4, temperature 30 °C, moisture content 75 % and relative humidity 95 %.
Production of Reducing Sugar from Coffee Pulp Waste Using Mixture of Microorganisms, Enzymes, and SurfactantsWidjaja, T; Hendrianie, N; Ningrum, E O; Erliana, W H; Iswanto, T
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/543/1/012003pmid: N/A
This study has successfully investigated the effect of microorganisms, enzymes, and surfactants mixture to produce a reducing sugar from Coffee pulp waste. The experiment consisted of microbial pretreatment to reduce lignin content followed by comparing the hydrolysis by enzymes and microorganism using a surfactant and without surfactant to get a higher yield of reducing sugar. Pretreatment was conducted by mixture of Bacillus subtilis (BS) with Trichoderma reesei (TR) in the ratio of 2:1 (v/v) and Aspergillus niger (AN) with TR in the ratio of 1:1 (v/v). BS-TR mixture increased the cellulose content to 10.939 % and decreased the lignin and pectin content to 71.261 % and 55.046 %, respectively. Whereas, AN:TR mixture increased the cellulose content to 12.572 % and decreased the lignin and pectin content to 69.941 % and 52.294 %, respectively. Afterward, the result of enzymatic hydrolysis with 3 g of Tween 80 and biological hydrolysis showed increasing of reducing sugar yield of 0.5831 and 0.0341 %, respectively. Further investigation was described as the crystallinity index and the fructose, glucose, and sucrose contents. The addition of both PEG 4000 and Tween 80 as a surfactant in the enzymatic hydrolysis process could significantly increase the concentration of reducing sugar.
Evaluation of Glutathione Production Method using Saccharomyces cerevisiaeKresnowati, MTAP; Ikhsan, NA; Nursa’adah, RS; Santoso, NN; Susanto, YW
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/543/1/012004pmid: N/A
Industrial interest of glutathione, as a pure substance or accumulated in yeast, has been prominent as a result of various applications of glutathione in food and pharmaceutical industries. Glutathione production by fermentation process is easier and more economical compare to production by chemical and enzymatic reaction. This study aims to evaluate environmental condition to the fermentation process producing glutathione in three different strategies. In the following work, stress conditions and cysteine addition coupled with fed-batch fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ITBCC R58 for glutathione accumulation have been investigated. Stress conditions applied on this study included temperature shift from 30 to 50°C and 27°C, pH shift from 5 to 1.2 and 8.8, and osmotic stress by addition NaCl to the solution. Another strategy was to add cysteine as one of glutathione precursors into the fermentation medium. Later, the oxidative state of glutathione harvested was also checked. Osmotic stress showed the best result amongst stress variations applied on this work, however combined cysteine addition with fed-batch fermentation stood out as the best strategy in this study. In all experiments, oxidized-state glutathione was identified, indicating the need of a specific method development to harvest glutathione in reduced state.
Utilization of Molasses to Produce Lactic Acid by Using Lactobacillus Delbrueckii and Lactobacillus PlantarumNurkhamidah, S; Altway, A; Susianto, ; Rahmawati, Y; Taufany, F; Hendrianie, N; Ni’mah, H; Gunardi, I; Zulaikah, S; Ningrum, E O; Nyamiati, R D; Ramadhani, A
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/543/1/012005pmid: N/A
Molasses is the final liquid from the process of crystallization of sucrose in a sugar factory. In general this liquid is only disposed to the surrounding environment or used as a fertilizer mixture. However, this fluid still contains glucose that can be fermented into lactic acid. Lactic acid is a water-soluble compound commonly used in food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Through the polymerization process, lactic acid changes into polylactic acid (PLA) which is a biodegradable plastic. In general, PLA is made from corn. If PLA can be synthesized from molasses, it can reduce the use of corn as a raw material for making PLA and reduce waste in the sugar industry. This study aims to determine the optimal conditions of lactic acid fermentation by using sugarcane drops from Tulung Agung as a source of glucose and its purification so that it can obtain high levels of lactic acid. The results showed that fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum could produce more lactic acid with faster fermentation time than the fermentation using Lactobacillus delbrucckii with a concentration of lactic acid 19.68 g/L.
An experimental study on thermal catalytic decomposition of inulin to 5 hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid and the effect of C6 on furfural during the decomposition processFachri, B A
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/543/1/012006pmid: N/A
The attractive biobased platform chemicals, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and Levulinic Acid (LA), are commonly produced by the conversion of monomeric sugars. Nevertheless, a polymeric sugar such as inulin shows promising. This work reports the study on the thermal catalytic decomposition of inulin to HMF and LA. This work also investigated the effect of furfural during the process. The decomposition reactions were conducted in a batch reactor in a temperature (153-187)°C, an inulin loading (0.03- 0.12) g mL−1 and reaction times (18 -74 minutes) using a central composite experimental design. Furthermore, to study the effect of fructose and glucose on furfural, some additional experiments were also performed in the batch system. The decomposition process gained 35 wt% yield of HMF and 13 wt % yield of LA. The HMF and the LA model were statistically formulated and showed a good fit to the experimental data. The fructose particularly plays a role in furfural disappearance during the process.
Biodiesel Production Through Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) Esterification Using Sulfated Alumina as CatalystUlfah, M; Firdaus, ; Octavia, S; Suherman, H; Subagjo,
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/543/1/012007pmid: N/A
Biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil (WCO) with initial free fatty acids (FFA) of 6.67 % through one-stage reaction (transesterification) and two-stage reaction (esterification followed by transesterification) had been studied. The esterification process was catalyzed by solid catalyst of synthesized sulfated alumina and transesterification reaction was catalyzed by NaOH. The objective of this research is to determine the optimum condition of biodiesel production from WCO using sulfated alumina catalysts by esterification reaction and to compare biodiesel yield using homogeneous catalysts of sulfuric acid with a heterogeneous catalyst of sulfated alumina. The results showed that the optimum conditions for esterification reactions using sulfated alumina catalyst is at the volume ratio of methanol/oil of 1.5, the amount catalyst of 1 wt %/v of oil at 1 hour reaction time. With the optimum condition, the maximum conversions of free fatty acid using a sulfuric acid and sulfated alumina catalyst were 90.4 % and 89.97 % respectively. The yield of biodiesel from waste cooking oil by two-stage transesterification process is 86.67 % and one-stage transesterification is 66.67 %.
Kinetic modelling of esterification of glycerol with acetic acid catalyzed by lewatiteSetyaningsih, L; Mutiara, T; Chafidz, A; Zulkania, A; Andrianto, M A; Farikha, N L
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/543/1/012008pmid: N/A
One of the ester product of glycerol and acetic acid is triacetin which has wide industrial aplication. In this study the esterification of glycerol with acetic acid over Lewatite catalyst to produce triacetin, were carried out. Lewatite is one of ion exchange resin, the use of ion exchange resins as catalyst will not produce waste, not corrosive, high thermal stability and has good selectivity. The esterification reaction of glycerol with acetic acid were performed in a three-neck flask with stirrer (175 rpm) at temperature (90 °C, 100 °C and 110 °C) and atmosphere pressure. A 9.66 % selectivity of triacetin with conversion (77.4 %) was achieved at 100 °C within 90 minutes of reaction time. This research aimed to report experimental data and kinetic modeling of glycerol esterification with acetic acid to evaluate and compare model performance and capability. A kinetic model was developed using a first order pseudo-homogeneous model according to the experimental data. The surface reaction of acetic acid with glycerol was assumed to be rate-controlling. The effect of temperature to rate of reaction constants can be expressed as follows: