Mechanical properties of concrete with coconut shell as partial replacement of aggregatesAzunna, S U; Abd.Aziz, F N A; Abu Bakar, N; Mohd Nasir, N A
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/431/3/032001pmid: N/A
Coconut shell is one of the most prevalent agricultural solid wastes in several tropical countries. For coconut shell aggregate to be used efficiently for construction purposes, the mechanical properties are essential. Therefore, this study examined the effect of coconut shell as fine and coarse aggregate replacement in concrete with respect to the mechanical properties. The coconut shell concrete was designed for the characteristic strength of 30 MPa with the incorporation of coconut shell as a replacement for fine and coarse aggregate at 10%, 20% and 30% by weight respectively. The compressive, flexural, tensile strengths, as well as densities and water absorption of 96 cured concrete samples, were evaluated at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that increases in replacement of coconut shell volume fractions will increase the workability and water absorption of the mixtures but will decrease the mechanical properties of the concrete.
Characterization of palm oil fuel ash and eggshell powder as partial cement replacement in concreteKhalid, N H A; Rasid, N N A; Mohd.Sam, A R; Lim, N H A S; Ismail, M; Zardasti, L; Mohamed, A; Majid, Z A; Ariffin, N F
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/431/3/032002pmid: N/A
The utilization of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and eggshell powder (ESP) in concrete as a cement replacement is possible as green concrete materials. However, the POFA has original cellulose and physical modification is needed. This paper presents the characterization of POFA; unground POFA (UPOFA) and ground POFA(GPOFA) and ESP under microstructure examination includes x-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and particle size analyzer (PSA). Then, the POFA-ESP as a cement replacement in concrete was investigated. Optimum mix proportion of POFA-ESP concrete was determined from compression test and GPOFA-ESP and UPOFA-ESP were through further investigation on pozzolanic reaction under x-ray diffraction (XRD) test at 14 days-concrete age. It was found that the combination of GPOFA-ESP as a cement replacement produced a concrete enhanced the compressive strength than normal concrete. ESP in this study seems like a catalyst which acting as mild accelerator or booster to improve the early age of strength development without disturb the later strength development of concrete. In addition, combination of GPOFA-ESP could increase the C-S-H gel at early age of concrete. It can be concluded that the combination of GPOFA-ESP had dual function; ESP and GPOFA took at early and later strength development, respectively.
Effect of Black Rice Husk Ash on Asphaltic Concrete Properties under Aging ConditionPutra Jaya, R; Mohd Satar, M K I; Abdullah, N A; Hainin, M R; Abdul Hassan, N; Yaacob, H; Mohd Warid, M N; Mohamed, A; Ramli, N I
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/431/3/032003pmid: N/A
The scarcities of natural resources and increment in waste production rates have promoted efforts to investigate the potential incorporation of various by-products in roads construction. Reusing of waste materials such as black rice husk ash (BRHA) in asphaltic concrete was considered as one of the proper management of the waste, which ensures economic and environmental benefits. Hence, this study investigates the effect of black rice husk ash on asphalt mixtures properties under different aging condition. BRHA was added in the asphalt mix in a proportion of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% by weight of bitumen. 5% optimum bitumen content with 60/70 penetration grade binder was selected for this study. The asphalt mixtures for each fraction was prepared in three different aging conditions i.e. un-aging (UA), short term aging (STA) and long term aging (LTA). The properties of asphalt mixtures were evaluated by voids, stiffness and dynamic creep tests. The results indicate that asphalt mixtures consisting of BRHA have exhibited better performance in term of voids, stiffness and creep modulus when compared to the conventional asphalt mixtures. The STA and LTA mixtures modified with BRHA produced higher performance than the unmodified mixtures. It can be concluded that the optimum additional percentage of BRHA was in the range of 4% to 6%.
Replacing Cement with POFA to Improve the Thermal Properties of Lightweight Foamed ConcreteArminda, W; Awang, H
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/431/3/032004pmid: N/A
The construction industry highly relies on the utilization of cement as the main binder material in concrete production. It is inevitable even though the cement manufacturing process responsible for the high energy consumption and the worldwide carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. One of the promising solutions is the application of lightweight foamed concrete in building construction that might be able to reduce the dead load of building, hence, shrink the foundation size and leads to minimize the cement demand and construction cost. Moreover, the long-term application of lightweight foamed concrete also contributes to the reduction of energy consumed by air conditioning system in order to achieve thermal comfort for occupants due to its excellent thermal insulation. To produce a decreased density for acceptable strength level, this study investigated the potential of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) to partially replace cement content at the levels of up to 60% in foamed concrete having a density of 900 kg/m3. At the 28-days curing age, foamed concrete with 20% POFA reveals a much higher compressive strength than the control specimen but still having an acceptable thermal conductivity value. The pozzolanic characteristic of POFA is believed in improving the applicable lightweight foamed concrete properties.
Valorization of marble waste in the manufacture of concreteBelachia, M; Hebhoub, H
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/431/3/032005pmid: N/A
The building materials manufacturing industry generates a lot of waste and their landfill has many problems (including the place occupied by the storage sites, the importance of the costs and the impact on the environment). This industry does not pose problems only at the end of the life cycle of these materials. It is imperative to find means of recovery and reuse of these wastes and therefore to propose another alternative to the depletion of aggregate sources. The main objective of this study is to show technically the possibility of using the aggregates from the manufacture of marble as a substitute in hydraulic concrete. The article presents the methodology of study and characterization of marble scrap, as well as the different formulations of concretes; series of tests have been developed, with a constant W / C ratio for a variable recycled aggregate content. The study consists of analyzing the results obtained and its comparison with a control concrete (100% natural aggregates); the rheological properties in the fresh and mechanically hardened state of concretes with different proportions of aggregates from marble waste (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). The results show that marble waste is ready to be used as substitute material.
Potential Use of Calcined Kaolinite-Based Wastes as Cement Replacements in Concrete – An OverviewLiu, Yuxuan; Ling, Tung-Chai
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/431/3/032006pmid: N/A
The use of supplementary cementitious material (SCM) to partially replace cement is a promising strategy to reduce CO2 emission and improve the overall sustainability of construction industry. Recent studies revealed that calcined clay could be used as a pozzolanic material and demonstrated an improvement in durability properties of concrete. The pozzolanic reactivity of calcined clay mainly depends on the kaolinite content due to its disordered crystal structure. They can use to replace cement at considerably high level (∼30%), and even higher (∼50%) if addition limestone powder is used. Since kaolinite is the key source of pozzolanic activity, reusing kaolinite-based waste materials could be a promising and sustainable approach instead of exploiting natural clay for calcined clay cement. This paper summarises recent published works on the use of calcined kaolinite waste as partial cement substitutions in concrete, including thermally activated coal gangue and pre-calcined clay brick and ceramic wastes which have been burnt in their fabrication process. The properties of concrete using these kaolinite-based waste materials are also discussed.
Quarry Dust as a filler material in bituminous concrete: Sustainable constructionPraveen kumar, P
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/431/3/032007pmid: N/A
Construction of highway involves huge outlay of investment. A precise engineering design may save considerable investment; as well as enhance the performance of highway in service. Two things are major considerations in this regard: Pavement design and mix design. This paper emphasizes on the mix design considerations. Right mixtures of ingredients for bituminous mix would result in a mix which is adequately strong, durable and resistive to fatigue and permanent deformation and at the same time environment friendly and economical. In order to achieve this, we have to try different proportions of material combinations through a number of tests on the mix and identify the mix with satisfies the requirements. For a given aggregate gradation the optimum bitumen content is estimated by satisfying a number of mix design parameters. Fillers play an important role in engineering properties of bituminous paving mixes. Conventionally cement and lime are used as fillers. An attempt has been made in this investigation to assess the influence of non-conventional and cheaper filler such as quarry dust in bitumen paving mixes. It has been observed as a result of this project that bituminous mixes with these non-conventional fillers result in satisfactory Marshall Properties though requiring a bit higher bitumen content, thus substantiating the need for its use. The fillers used in this investigation are likely to partly solve the solid waste disposal of the environment and Sustainable construction.
Strength Assessment of Hypo Sludge Concrete with Water Containing Sodium HydroxidePitroda, J R; Joshi, G I
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/431/3/032008pmid: N/A
This paper presents the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) present in the curing water on the strength of hypo sludge cement concrete. The concrete is produced by mixing of percentage replacement of cement by hypo sludge and curing water containing NaOH of 5% concentration with constant dosages. This research paper describes the feasibility of using the hypo sludge in concrete production as partial replacement of cement by weight. The cement has been replaced by hypo sludge accordingly in the range of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight of cement for M40 mix. The compressive strengths were evaluated for 56 days of normal curing and 28 days normal and 28 days 5% NaOH contain water curing. Compressive strengths of hypo sludge Cement Concrete compared with the control specimens. By using Regression Models predict the compressive strength value and the ratio with predicted values.
Carbon footprint of block prepared with recycled aggregate: a case study in ChinaLiu, Yi; Hossain, Md. Uzzal; Ling, Tung-Chai
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/431/3/032009pmid: N/A
This study aims to evaluate the carbon footprint of concrete blocks prepared with local recycled waste materials derived from Changsha using life cycle assessment (LCA) technique. The local life cycle inventory was developed for conducting case-specific assessment of concrete blocks prepared with recycled aggregates (RA) sourced from a local construction and demolition (C&D) waste. The result is also compared with concrete blocks made by natural aggregates (NA). The results show that greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions related to the production of RA were 3 kg CO2 eq., which is 57% lower than the production of NA. However, the adoption of RA in concrete blocks production induced higher GHGs emissions than NA concrete blocks due to higher amount of cement was needed to achieve a same required mechanical strength. Guidelines to further design and develop sustainable green concrete blocks prepared with RA to meet the mechanical requirements based on the current situation in Changsha city has also been highlighted.
Evaluation of Sorptivity and Water Captivation of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement by Hypo SludgeJoshi, Gaurang; Pitroda, J R
doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/431/3/032010pmid: N/A
Environs have important influences on the water captivation of concrete materials. This paper presents an investigational study on partial replacement of cement by hypo sludge (paper industry waste) influence of sorptivity and water captivation on the permanence of concrete materials. The sorptivity test measures the rate of movement of water front through the concrete under capillary suction. The waste product from paper industry i.e hypo sludge (HS) is causing serious pollution problem. In this paper the study of sorptivity and water absorption properties of hypo sludge concrete. The cement has been replaced by hypo sludge in the range of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight of cement for the M25 and M40 mix. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of sorptivity and water absorption to the conventional concrete. The mix design was carried out for 1:1.50:3.36 (M25) and 1:0.80:2.29 (M40) proportions of cement concrete on the basis of IS: 10262-2009. The results show that the % water captivation and sorptivity of hypo sludge concrete shows higher % water captivation and sorptivity than conventional concrete.