Interconnected roles of human capital, employment, and sustainable development in the EU countriesKichurchak, M V
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1415/1/012062pmid: N/A
Ensuring social stability and environmental sustainability is crucial for implementing the Sustainable Development Goals in European Union (EU) countries. This paper aims to explore the interdependencies among human capital, employment, and resource productivity in these countries, focusing on sustainable development. To comprehensively assess factors influencing sustainable development in the EU countries, the simultaneous model is proposed. The simultaneous equations were derived using a two-step least squares method. The model comprises three endogenous variables (human capital, quantified by students enrolled in tertiary education; employment, in terms of the resident population concept; and resource productivity) and ten exogenous variables. The human capital pillar for the EU countries hinges on public funding for tertiary education, the employment dynamics for tertiary-educated individuals, resource productivity, environmental taxation, and emigration. Employment requires monitoring demographic trends, resource productivity, government funding for tertiary education, and environmental taxation. The environmental pillar depends on employment dynamics, GDP per capita, public funding for environmental protection, material resource extraction, and direct material inputs of fossil energy materials. For Austria, Belgium, and Portugal, from 2013 to 2021, the theoretical values based on the structural model of sustainable development demonstrated good forecast accuracy for human capital, employment, and resource productivity, indicating positive dynamics.
Thermo-responsive hydrogels based on gelatin-alginate composition with humic acids intended for controlled drug deliveryLebedeva, K O; Lebedev, V V; Klochko, N P; Cherkashina, A M; Bogoyavlenska, O V; Miroshnichenko, D V
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1415/1/012071pmid: N/A
The purpose of this work is to create a bioactive “smart” thermo-responsive hydrogel, which, when exposed to the body with a physiological temperature of 37°C, reversibly turns into a sol, which can be used to introduce drugs into hard-to-reach places, for local and long-term delivery of drugs, as well as for reducing doses of delivered drugs. Herein, we developed and studied hydrogel systems containing gelatin, sodium alginate and humic acids. All natural molecular polymers used are low cost and have non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable and non-immunogenic properties. In addition, using our own technology, humic acids with antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity were obtained from lignite, which provided a concrete chance for the technological use of humic acids in accordance with the “waste-to-wealth” approach. Rheological studies confirmed that the hydrogel containing 14 %wt.gelatin and 6.4 %wt. sodium alginate is thermo-reponsive and has a gel-sol transition, manifested in a sharp decrease in its kinematic viscosity at a physiological temperature of 37°C. The FTIR spectra of the gelatin-sodium alginate-H2O and gelatin-sodium alginate-humic acids-H2O systems turned out to be similar. The small red and blue shifts in stretching and bending vibration positions occurred due to gelatin-sodium alginate, gelatin-humic acids and sodium alginate-humic acids interactions, and are similar to those observed in the literature, in particular due to a conformational change in the secondary structure of gelatin. The results of a study of the gel-sol transition time at a physiological temperature of 37°C for samples of the developed thermo-responsive bioactive gelatin-alginate hydrogel containing 6.4 %wt. sodium alginate and 14%wt. gelatin, as well as samples of this hydrogel modified with different contents of humic acids, visually showed a sharp increase in the transition time from 6 min to 11 min as a result of adding 2.5 %wt.humic acids. Thus, these studies showed that relatively small concentrations of humic acids can provide a prolonged drug delivery effect through the use of gelatin-sodium alginate hydrogel modified with humic acids on the surface of the human body.
Melamine-doped TiO2 as a perspective photocatalyst for hydrogen evolutionManuilov, E V; Khalyavka, T O; Shymanovska, V V; Gavrilko, T A; Korzhak, G V; Shcherban, N D
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1415/1/012065pmid: N/A
The photocatalysts based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) doped with melamine were synthesized. The samples of pure and modified TiO2 were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and room temperature FT-IR, Raman, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. It was established that modifying TiO2 with melamine leads to a decrease in the crystallite sizes and an increase in the lattice parameters and molecular unit volume. The stoichiometry of modified TiO2 worsened due to the appearance of additional vacancies of oxygen in the doped samples. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared catalysts in the reaction of hydrogen production from water under light illumination was studied. The melamine-doped TiO2 samples showed more than two times higher activity than pure titanium dioxide.
Application of fine waste from iron ore beneficiation in reinforced concrete structures with basalt-plastic reinforcementValovoi, O I; Eremenko, O Y; Valovoi, M O; Volkov, S O
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1415/1/012019pmid: N/A
One of the main development programs of each country is the control and utilization of industrial waste since the sustainable development of this industry is accompanied by the greatest environmental pollution. Iron ore beneficiation byproducts are artificial quartz-iron mineral mixtures that are fed into sludge ponds that form the so-called tailings ponds in the form of pulp. Tailings ponds occupy more and more territory every year and have a significant negative impact on the environment. At the same time, industrial waste from iron ore enrichment, the so-called tailings, is used as a fine aggregate in concrete mixtures to replace quartz and construction sand. Studies show that a 40% replacement of quartz sand with fine iron ore dressing waste is optimal for the manufacture of concrete mixtures without any adverse effect on strength and durability properties. The paper considers the stress-strain state of beams in the second group of limit states made of concrete mixtures at 100% replacement of quartz sand with fine plant protection products waste. The percentage of reinforcement of beam sections of all series and the class of concrete were assumed to be the same for samples of all series. The results of experimental tests showed almost comparable results of crack resistance of beams reinforced with metal reinforcement and with hybrid reinforcement. At a load of 70% of the destructive capacity, BM and BMD beams do not exceed the maximum permissible width of normal crack opening, and BMBD beams do not exceed the maximum permissible width of 60%.
Investigation of the groundwater level dynamics in the rice system under different parameters of irrigation and drainage networkTurchenyuk, V O; Kropyvko, S M; Koptyuk, R M; Volk, P P
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1415/1/012095pmid: N/A
The dynamics of groundwater level formation on two types of rice irrigation plot were studied: “rice irrigation plot with an irrigator-discharge in a notch and with drainage channels CCD” and “rice irrigation plot with an irrigation channel in an embankment and with drainage-discharge channels (KTC)” with various design parameters of the drainage network. On the basis of long-term field observations of the groundwater level (GWL) lowering on the CCD and KTC with use a network of observation wells, differences in the intensity and uniformity of drying of these types of rice irrigation plots in the pre-harvest and inter-vegetation periods have been established. It has been established that a more favourable water-air regime takes place in the rice irrigation plots CCD with different parameters of the drainage network compared to the rice irrigation plots KTC. At CCD, due to the draining effect of the irrigator-discharge, the field dries out more intensively after the water discharge process. This allows the rice harvest to be carried out in an optimal and rather short time. The presence of the irrigator-discharge as the element of the CCD allows to supply and divert water in a short period of time, evenly over the entire area as well as to perform the role of shallow drain and contribute to intensive drying and desalination of soils. It has been established that the yield of rice on CCD higher than on KTC with the corresponding parameters (on average 400-500 kg·ha−1). It has been established that due to these advantages, the rice yield on the CCC the inter-drainage distance 200 m and 250 m is on average 5-7 centner·ha−1 higher than on the KTC with the same parameters, and higher than on the CCD with the inter-drainage distance 500 m on 17 centner·ha−1.
Current state and prospects of red mud utilisation: A reviewSaveliev, S G; Yarosh, T P; Kondratenko, M M; Babaievska, O V; Yu Baboshko, D
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1415/1/012021pmid: N/A
The article is devoted to the urgent problem of utilisation of red mud (RM) – a by-product of bauxite ore processing in the process of aluminium production. The acuteness of the problem is increased by the negative influence of red mud on the environment due to its high alkalinity of its pulp (pH = 9-12) and fine dispersibility. The article characterises the main properties of RM, reveals the essence of the most effective method of its storage today – dry stacking. Due to the presence of high content of iron oxide and such metals as Al, Ti, Y, Ce, etc. in the composition of RM, it is a valuable complex man-made raw material. The analysis of modern technologies of RM processing has shown that the important tasks in its utilisation are the processes of dehydration and disinfection. The first one is most successfully solved by using filter presses, the second one – by adding lime to the sludge washing system. Technologies for extraction of valuable components from RM can be divided into two groups – pyro- and hydrometallurgical. The most promising solution to the problem of effective integrated waste-free processing of RM is a rational combination of these two processes.
Collapse behaviour of double-layer pipes: A reviewImannuaji, R I; Adiputra, R; Prabowo, A R
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1415/1/012087pmid: N/A
Pipes serve as crucial conduits for fluid transportation across diverse industrial sectors, necessitating a thorough understanding of their structural properties and performance under varying conditions. This study explores the resilience of underwater double-layer pipes, comprising inner and outer layers separated by an annulus that usually used in deep water application such as OTEC and gas and oil transport, against collapse induced by bending moment loads or external pressure. The investigation encompasses a comprehensive review of relevant literature and examines different configurations of DLP. The analysis reveals that key factors influencing the buckling capacity under pure bending loads include pipe length, core thickness ratio, and core stiffness. Under hydrostatic pressure, collapse behavior is influenced by the radius-to-thickness ratio and the ratio of the core thickness to outer and inner layer thicknesses. Furthermore, the collapse mechanism of the double layer pipe is analyzed. The study underscores the importance of addressing such structural nuances in design and operational considerations.
Assessment of changes in the structure of the forest ecosystems for example sanitary woody plantations in the Steppe DniproKvitko, M O; Lykholat, T Y; Lykholat, O A; Marenkov, O M; Lykholat, Y V
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1415/1/012048pmid: N/A
The main acceleration of climatic changes is considered to be the main consequences of existing anthropogenic influences and transformations in the wood ecosystems of the Steppe Dnipro industrial areas. Now, the preparation of science-based programs for the restoration and development of artificial tree plantations, which can increase the stability and diversity of forest ecosystems in the steppe zone under these conditions, is very important. However, artificial tree and shrub plantations are formed according to certain natural laws. It is necessary and urgent to study the current state of phytodiversity to ensure the effective protection of biodiversity, and implement nature conservation management on this basis, including the expansion of the areas of nature reserves. The purpose of this research work was to assess changes in the structure of the Dnipro Steppe woody ecosystems using the example of dust-protection and water-protection sanitary plantations. Modern biodiversity, formed in the natural ecotopes of the Steppe Dnipro region of Ukraine, is quite specific, primarily due to the combination of natural and anthropogenic landscapes in these territories. Depending on the ecological location territory conditions, taking into account the vitality indicators of the plantations, the further development of woody ecosystems according to the vectors of progress or regression is possible. Hence, there is an urgent need to study the biometric indicators of the Kryvyi Rih district’s woody ecosystems under different growth conditions. The work carried out will become the basis for the development of the main directions of preservation and reproduction of phytodiversity in the woody ecosystems of the territory, which will make it possible to plan the necessary vectors for the protection and restoration of biological diversity of artificial trees and shrub plantations of the Kryvyi Rih districts. identifying the features of local guarantee of rare species from various protection lists. It will also contribute to the provision of ecosystem services by natural, spontaneous and artificial woody plantations of the Middle Dnipro region. The received recommendations form the basis of complex measures to preserve and restore the stable state of artificial tree plantations of the Kryvyi Rih district, located on the steep slopes of mine dumps and rafter-beam systems near the rivers and water reservoirs of the Dnipro Steppe.
Geoinformation assessment of solar plant potential in the Ivano-Frankivsk region to achieve effective decarbonisation and energy stabilityDavybida, L I
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1415/1/012016pmid: N/A
Despite the ongoing hostilities in Ukraine, the country has begun its recovery process. The renovation should be in line with the principles of energy efficiency and decarbonisation, with an emphasis on the use of renewable energy sources. The study aims to identify the most suitable locations for establishing solar power stations in the Ivano-Frankivsk region using GIS software. It also provides a cartographic model showing the suitability of different areas for local communities, providing valuable information for potential investors. The calculation process was carried out using QGIS, incorporating environmental, technical and economic factors, and resulted in the development of a conclusive suitability map. The primary assessment of photovoltaic potential was conducted for communities within the Ivano-Frankivsk region. The areas with the most promising potential, estimated to be over 50 MW, were ranked according to their suitability for solar plants.
Resource-saving method of extracting cucumber and melon seedsDotsenko, N A; Babenko, D V; Gorbenko, O A
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1415/1/012044pmid: N/A
The production of vegetable and melon crops is one of the most labour-intensive branches of agricultural production. Production volumes depend not only on growing conditions, but also on the quality of seed material. A resource-saving method of extracting cucumber and melon seeds and a separator that allows its implementation are presented. The design feature of the separator is a combination of vibration and inertial modes. The use of a separator, which has a combination of the mentioned modes in the technological process, allows to significantly improve the quality of separation of seeds from the peel and pulp. Thus, at the next stage, when washing the seeds, it is possible to reduce the amount of water, using the technology of a complete closed cycle of cleaning for reuse. The scheme of the technological process of cucumber and melon seed separation, which is used to implement a resource-saving method, is presented. The main factors and optimization criteria were determined, according to which the quality assessment of the technological process of cucumber and melon seeds separation was carried out using the proposed constructive solution. The ranges of the optimal combination of independent factors are determined. Using a resource-saving method of extracting cucumber and melon seeds allows to significantly reduce water consumption when washing seeds and achieve an improvement in the quality of the technological process.