Influence of Particle Size for Malaysia Peat to The Cyclic Triaxial Loading ParametersZainorabidin, A; Zulkefle, S N A; Ang, K A; Mohamad, H M; Basri, K; Agung, M A P
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1347/1/012052pmid: N/A
Peat is a partially decomposed soil with volumes of plant structures with high moisture content. The morphology of peat combines the definition of the structural arrangement of soil particles that are associated with its element mainly fibres, moistures and pore structures. The understanding of peat’s performance including its particle size is essential to understand but difficult to interpret. Laboratory-based research by the cyclic triaxial test was implemented to determine the cyclic loading parameters (cyclic shear modulus, G and damping ratio, D) using samples sized 50mm by 100mm height from three different locations. The samples were performed under different effective stresses (25kPa, 50kPa, 100kPa) and frequencies (0.1Hz, 1Hz, 3Hz). Wet analysis from the particle size distribution test was used to evaluate and analyse the relationships between the cyclic loading parameters and peat’s particle size effects. As a result, the particle sizes of Malaysian peat samples were significantly related to the performance of G and D behaviour in the cyclic loading test. Through this analysis, an understanding of the variability of particle sizes for Malaysian peat was contributed originally from the degree of decomposition itself that can alter the behaviour of cyclic loading parameters in an advanced test.
Application of Fish-Integrity Biological Index and Water Quality Index to Assess the Ecological Health of the Pahang River, MalaysiaAdnan, M S; Abdul Rashid, Z; Shimatani, Y; Razi, MAM; Lopa, R T
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1347/1/012014pmid: N/A
The development along the river has tremendously affected the ecological health of the river environment, where the changes and disturbance of the environment could lead to deterioration of water quality and habitat destruction. This study aimed to assess the ecological health of the Pahang River through the integration of the Fish-Base Index (FBI) and Water Quality Index (WQI). The fish community, habitat conditions, and water quality survey were conducted monthly from 2007 until July 2010 at twenty-one (21) sampling sites. There are four (4) related fish characteristics were used to calculate the fish index: (i) species richness and composition, (ii) trophic composition, (iii) habitat and spawning area, (iv) fish health and abundance, and eight (8) water quality parameters were measured and used to compute WQI. Based on the survey result, most of the sampled fish species are native to the Pahang River, with the cyprinid family as the dominant species. The water column species have decreased from upstream to downstream, while the demersal and/or benthic species have shown an increasing pattern toward the downstream area. The IBI result indicates that the value is high in the upstream area, followed by the downstream and middle stream area. The IBI result is consistent with the WQI results that clearly state the WQI is higher at the upstream and lowest at the middle stream area. Human activities were identified as one factor that reduced the biotic composition and water quality in certain areas, especially KM3. In contrast, extensive human activities such as logging, land use changes, wastewater discharge, agriculture, and aquaculture activities were recognized as the main pollution sources in the middle and downstream areas. The F-IBI and WQI results clearly show a positive correlation between increasing human activities and perturbation. The integration of these indices can offer a more accurate and safer evaluation of the ecological health of a river. Therefore, the combination of the fish base index and water quality index is a valuable tool for assessing the ecological health of a river, and its integration can provide a more reliable and comprehensive ecological assessment.
The effect of aggregate micro and macro texture on pavement skid resistance of Malaysia road networkTaher, M N M; Aman, M Y; Bujang, H
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1347/1/012054pmid: N/A
The skid resistance of the surface of the highway is controlled by its microtexture and macrotexture. Microtexture refers to irregularities in the surfaces of the stone particles (fine-scale texture) that affect adhesion and make the stone particles feel smooth or rough to the touch. Macrotexture refers to the larger irregularities in the road surface (coarse-scale texture) that effect hysteresis and associated with voids between stone particles. This paper evaluates the effect of aggregate microtexture, macrotexture and influence of pavement surface under dry and wet condition to skid resistance. Three (3) different types of pavement surface were selected to obtain friction value on Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP), Hot Mixture Asphalt pavement (HMA), and Ralumac Micro-Asphalt. In addition, skid resistance value was calculated from British Pendulum Tester and texture depth by using sand patch method. From the field test conducted and statistical analyses of the data, there were strong relationship between microtexture, macrotexture and types of surface pavement subjected to different dry and wet conditions.
A Review of Structural Health Monitoring in Heritage Building due to Cracking IssuesChik, T N T; Mahamood, I A; Mohamad, N A E; Yusoff, N A; Rusidi, M A Y; Hakim, S J S
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1347/1/012071pmid: N/A
This paper reviews the application of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) on heritage buildings due to crack problems. SHM is an essential tool for ensuring the safety and long-term preservation of historic structures. The review focuses on the challenges and opportunities of implementing SHM techniques on heritage buildings, including the use of non-destructive testing, wireless sensor networks, and machine learning algorithms. The paper also highlights case studies of successful SHM implementations on heritage buildings and discusses the importance of integrating SHM into the overall maintenance and preservation strategy for these structures. In general, the article convincingly highlights the critical significance of incorporating SHM in heritage buildings. This practice is essential for guaranteeing the enduring preservation and safety of these buildings, thereby securing their legacy for future generations.
Geobamtile to Support Road Embankment Over Deep Soft GroundMokhtar, N; Low, K S
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1347/1/012047pmid: N/A
Road surface profile failure is often a major issue for roads. This paper presents a way of providing support beneath the road embankment between the over-deep soft ground which is referred to as “Geobamtile.” It is designed and constructed to prevent failure due to the type of subsoil that accommodates the entire structure of the road itself. The construction of roads, whether new roads or upgrading existing roadways is bound to the alignment and might be allocated on problematic land that needs appropriate treatment before any structures can be built. A way of providing geobamtile is being studied and developed in Malaysia and has made it possible to safely build road embankments over extremely soft and deep sub grades areas without creating significant post-construction settlements. These useful advantages are made possible by the extraordinary tensile and bending capabilities of bamboo in bundles. The area and amount of buoyancy characteristic can be easily adjusted by the number of tiers of bamboo-geotextile set-up within the system during construction. The expected supporting load and amount of post-construction settlement can invariably be manipulated to some extent. In general, this green and sustainable invention design will have a positive social impact by providing significant financial benefits to rural and indigenous populations.
Carbon monoxide emission and eco-driving for freight sustainabilityRuslan, H
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1347/1/012050pmid: N/A
Carbon monoxide (CO) indirectly causes climate change because it affects the abundance of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Carbon monoxide is formed because of incomplete combustion in diesel engines. The fate of CO towards achieving freight transportation sustainability is presented. Firstly, the pollutant (CO) emitted by diesel engines from freight vehicles was determined from field studies using the tailpipe emission technique. The effect of the behavioural approach, eco-driving, was also observed for the 304 km trip demonstrated by the drivers of the 40-footer truck. Eco-driving has many advantages, including emitting less CO, saving in fuels, and reducing accidents and traffic summons. Secondly, for freight sustainability, CO should be further reduced by adhering to Euro standards of the European Union for heavy-duty vehicles, which states that the emission should be 1.5 g/kWh. Thirdly, a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), which converts CO to CO2, is an option that can be used. Then fourthly, the decarbonisation of transport using heavy electric trucks also shows some promise, although they are best for moving goods for a short distance. Finally, an efficient logistics system with optimal solutions adopting several measures is suggested for sustainability. These include ‘Hub-Spokes’ distribution, a polarised fleet, expanded delivery windows and last-mile delivery. Thus, these five steps help decarbonise the transport sector and consequently accelerate the zero carbon emission transition.
The effect of external load to slope stability using slope/w in ft 006, section 61.50, Pulau PinangMuhammad Akmal, K A; Zaihasra, AT
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1347/1/012065pmid: N/A
Sustainability in slope protection is very important to reduce environmental impact and loss of property and life. Landslides and slope failure frequently occur due to a variety of factors. The factors that contribute to the slope failure are the external load such as heavy machinery and also rainfall. The study area for this study is slope are at FT006, Section 61.50, Pulau Pinang. The objective of this study is to identify the factor of safety (FOS) of original slope and also factor of safety after slope protection applied. The soil nailing and also sheet pile are choosing as a slope protection. The 2D modelling using Slope/W software was created and analysed. This slope consists of multi-layers soil properties with the steepest angle of 52°. This model is applying with external load to stimulate the real situation of existing slope. The result shows that the minimum FOS for slope without any external load is 0.58 and the FOS decrease to 0.28 when the external load was applied. When the soil nailing was applied to the slope, it is increase to 3.74 without external loading and 1.247 with external load. Meanwhile, when sheet pile was applied the FOS increase to 3.88 without external load but with external load it is drop to 0.39. Therefore, the soil nailing was proposed to this slope as effective slope protection.
Dynamic Response of Orthotropic Plate Due to Local Friedlander Blast Loads On Kerr Foundation Soil ModelingFurqan, M N; Alisjahbana, S W; Rasyif, T M
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1347/1/012091pmid: N/A
The development of infrastructure design is getting more advanced, there are more and more things that need to be considered in designing an infrastructure and a building, the effect of blast loads needs to be considered. Explosion load itself is one of the dynamic loads that can burden a structure beyond its normal loading conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to have special planning for an infrastructure and building so that if an explosion occurs it can minimize serious damage to the structure of the infrastructure and building. In this study, the focus is on orthotropic plates with semi-rigid bearings on the Kerr foundation soil model due to local Friedlander blast loads. Variations in plate thickness and soil type were carried out to determine the dynamic response on the plate that would arise due to the local Friedlander blast load. Utilizing the Modified Bolotin Method (MBM) analysis technique to solve it through the Wolfram Mathematica program. Based on the numerical tests that were conducted, it is found that the type of soil is directly proportional to the natural frequency value, indicating that stiffer soil types result in higher natural frequencies, signifying a stiffer response to floor plates. Thicker plates result in smaller deflections with the same soil type. These numerical results can serve as design guidelines for structures under blast loads.
Utilisation of industrial waste materials in the production of geopolymer concreteFarrag, S; Abushammala, M F M; Al-Balushi, I
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1347/1/012088pmid: N/A
Cement production is one of the primary sources of carbon dioxide emissions. Oman produces around 1.5 million tons of industrial waste annually, of which more than 1.2 million tons are slag and Fly Ash from the mining industry. This study aims to utilize the waste materials stagnating in landfills to develop an alternative to OPC (OPC) concrete. GPC is an innovation in building materials that replaces cement in concrete with ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and Fly Ash. This study used compressive strength to compare the two types of concrete. The test results were obtained after seven days, fourteen days, and twenty-one days using six different mixed concrete designs. The results indicated that the compressive strength of GPC altered along with the mix proportions. The best mix proportion of 25% Fly Ash and 75% GGBS reached 41 MPa within seven days, significantly higher than OPC concrete. Finally, GPC can be used as an alternative to OPC concrete with the potential to reduce the pollution from producing Portland cement, offering a greener approach to the construction industry as a sustainable material.
Assessment of the sub-urban drainage system resilience on the increased flooding scenario using Storm Water Management Model (SWMM)Najib, L M; Bateni, N; Seng-Mah, D Y
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1347/1/012018pmid: N/A
This study aims to provide technical support for decision-makers by presenting an evaluation of flood in Tanjung Bundong, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. Storm Water Management Model was utilized to simulate the existing drainage network until it reached the main outlet of Sabang River. The hydrological and hydraulic parameters which included rainfall and tidal effects of Sabang river were determined to assess the cause of flooding series since 2015. The mapping of the drainage network was carried out to evaluate the existing drainage. The site investigations showed about 31% of the earthen canals and 5% of concrete drains were obstructed due to the trash accumulation, overgrown vegetation along the drain, and accumulation of soil sediments. Therefore, these occurrences shallowed the invert levels of the drain. This had resulted in 15 nodes flooded when simulated with 2-year average recurrence interval design rainfall and rose to 29 nodes with 50-year average recurrence interval design rainfall. With the combination of high tidal levels, the flood volumes reached 241,579 m3, especially during intense rainfall. The results showed the importance of periodic maintenance on the drainage network to ensure its resilience against nuisance flooding.