Utilization and application of bioactive compounds generated from Fish waste and by product as Functional Food Ingredient: A reviewOlaniran, A. F.; Adeoye, O. E.; Oyadeyi, O. M.; Okonkwo, C. E.; Erinle, O. C.; Malomo, A. A.; Iranloye, Y.M.; Olaniran, O. D.; Faloye, O. R
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1342/1/012014pmid: N/A
The quest for novel functional food ingredients from natural sources is one of the most important discuss in food science and technology. Food industries dispose their valuable waste and some food industries re-process their wastes and used them as functional food ingredients, thereby developed their economy to survive in the neck cutting competition of the market. Enormous volumes of food processing by-products (FPBs) are produced from food manufacturing industries, accounting it as the second-largest quota of food waste generation. Fish known as ‘rich food for poor people,’ supplies good quality of fats, minerals vitamins and proteins to billions of populaces across the globe. However, the fish processing industry on daily basis generates huge wastes leading to the quest for management of these wastes. These wastes which can be referred to as by-products are generated during removal of head; gutting of the fish and during other secondary processing carried out either onboard in fishing vessels or at processing plants on the shores. Over the years there are bids for utilization of fish wastes and by products for production of functional food ingredients using bioactive compounds produced from them. This was aimed at reduction of processing waste, creation of sustainable economic boost, environmental safety while formulating value added functional food which could be of importance to human and animal health or wellbeing. By-products from fish processing such as blood, fleshy chunks of fatty fish, tails, liver from white lean fish, Fish heads, offal, viscera (gut, intestines, etc.), skin and shells have potentials utilization as raw materials for production of value-added functional food ingredients. Bioactive peptides isolated from various fish protein hydrolysates have reported to have several bioactivities such as immunomodulatory, antioxidative antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anticoagulant activities among others Hence from the review, the recovery of bioactive compound and utilization of these by-products are untapped sources for functional ingredients which can be applied in several aspects of food processing for the benefit of manufactures, supply series of nourishments, and consequently advancing the usefulness of the fish waste in consumers’ health and economic benefits of all stakeholders.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR): Enhancing the Roles of Women in the Construction IndustryTunji-Olayeni, P; Aigbavboa, C; Oke, A; Adejola, F
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1342/1/012025pmid: N/A
The fourth industrial revolution proposes a better work pattern which connects physical and virtual spaces, thereby providing flexible working hours, better working conditions and improved safety that is appealing to women. This is particularly important for women in physically demanding fields such as construction. However, little is known about the specific roles of construction women in the fourth industrial revolution. This paper sets out to fill this gap by assessing the roles of construction women in the 4IR. It uses questionnaire survey to obtain responses from women construction professionals in Lagos, Nigeria. From the survey analysis, the main roles of construction women were in building construction areas where women have created a niche for themselves as a result of male domination, physically demanding and unsafe nature of construction. Theoretically, this study contributes to knowledge on women and the 4IR. It also enhances our understanding of the roles of construction women in the 4IR. Practically, the findings provide information for the development of effective 4IR skill programs for construction women in the study area.
Half Metallic Properties of the Polymorphs of Rubidium Selenide CompoundJolayemi, O. R.; Wabululu, E. N.; Duke, A. E.; Idiodi, J. O. A.
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1342/1/012011pmid: N/A
Half-metallic ferromagnets denote a specific category of compounds where one spin channel exhibits a gap at the Fermi level, contrasting with the metallic nature of the other spin channel. This distinction results in complete carrier spin polarization, reaching 100% at the Fermi level. A first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method is utilized to examine the structural, electronic, and magnetic characteristics of RbSe across various polymorphs. Our investigation covers the RbSe compound in the CsCl (B2), NaCl (B1), ZnS (B3), NiAs (B81) and wurtzite (B4) phases. The calculations were done using the quantum ESPRESSO code within the generalized gradient approximation. The lattice parameters, bulk moduli, and their pressure derivatives agrees with prior theoretical data for cubic structures. The electronic band structures and density of states indicate the emergence of half-metallic and magnetic properties in RbSe, which stem from the existence of spin-polarized p orbitals within the Se atom. RbSe shows half-metallic behaviour in all structures studied with an integer magnetic moment of 1μBper formula unit for CsCl, NaCl, ZnS; and 2μBfor NiAs and wurtzite. Results showed that most energetically stable phase of all five crystal structures studied is the CsCl-type of RbSe.
Disaster Resilient Infrastructure: A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research TrendsAdejola, F. O.; Ngaunje, S.; Ogunlolu, A.; Aliu, U. I.; Ajiferuke, O. O.; Adetoro, O. C.; Omoniwa, F. H.; Sofolahan, O.; Miju, R. B.; Olagunju, O.; Akinola, G.; Tunji-Olayeni, P. F.
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1342/1/012032pmid: N/A
The vital role of infrastructure in the delivery of essential services and the severity of disasters globally calls for more research and discourse on disaster resilient infrastructure. Despite the increasing body of knowledge on disaster resilient infrastructure, an assessment of research on the subject is lacking. This study fills this gap by assessing the global research trend in disaster resilient infrastructure. The study adopted a bibliometric analysis with the use of the VOSviewer. The main search words used in the study were “Disaster”, “Resilient”, AND “Infrastructure. Initial extracted papers with these keywords were 1041. After refining based on language, document type, and key words, a total of 278 papers were found suitable for the analysis. The years 2020 to 2022 indicated the highest research outputs while countries with highest number of publication on the subject of disaster-resilient infrastructure were the United States, United Kingdom and Japan. Most of the highly cited works were review-based, case studies and a few experimental. The findings of this study serve as a source of baseline data on disaster resilient infrastructure which can provide new research directions and also guide the design and implementation of policies on disaster-resilient infrastructure.
Design and Construction of Fan and Bulb Automation SystemUsikalu, M. R.; Eno, M. B.; Ogunwale, E. I.; Ayara, W. A.; Ayanbisi, O. W.; Esisio, F. E
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1342/1/012002pmid: N/A
The automation system described in this project leverages the power of Bluetooth wireless communication to control the bulb and fan. The system utilize readily available components such as Arduino Uno, HC-05 Bluetooth module, and 4-channel relay module, it provides a cost-effective solution for creating a smart environment. The Arduino Uno acts as the central controller, receiving commands wirelessly via the Bluetooth module and subsequently controlling the power supply to connect devices through the relay module. This allows users to remotely turn on or off devices such as bulbs and fans, providing convenience and energy efficiency. The measured response times for turning on/off the fan and bulb in the automation system were found to be 15.47 μs for turning on the fan, 15.20 μs for turning off the fan, and 16.27 μs for turning on/off the bulb. These results indicate that the system is highly efficient and reliable in controlling the devices. Future enhancements can include the implementation of security measures to protect against unauthorized access and integration with other smart devices. The Bluetooth automation system showcases the potential for creating affordable and customizable automation solutions using easily accessible components
Radiological Risk Exposure to the Residential Area Adjacent to Liquor Company in Ado-Odo Ota, Ogun State, NigeriaOmeje, M.; Adewoyin, O. O.; Ekwueme, B. N.; Soheil, S.; Okafor, I. F.; George, G. C.; Olowoeshin, B.; Ukaegbu, T. M.
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1342/1/012031pmid: N/A
Background radiation levels and radionuclides assessment was conducted around the residential area adjacent to the Intercontinental Distillers (Liquor) Company located in Ado-Odo Ota, Ogun state using Gamma Ray Semi-mobile Spectrometer (Super Spec RS-125 Radiation detector). This study was carried out to determine the background gamma dose rate and the associated radiological risk exposure to the public living around the study area. The activity concentrations vary from 2.47 to 25.935 Bq/Kg, 28.826 to 62.52 Bq/Kg, 4.0 to 250.4 Bq/Kg for 238U, 40K and 232Th respectively. The activity concentration of the radionuclides (238-U, 40-K, 232-Th) field data was used to determine the radiological parameters. All the radionuclide activity concentrations found in the study/research area were below the International Reference Standard (IRS) except for Thorium, which surpassed the IRS. The estimated values ranged from 57.27 to 125.98 Bq/kg, 0.15 to 0.34 Bq/kg and 0.19 to 0.38 Bq/kg for radium equivalent, external hazard and internal hazard respectively. The numerically measured values of gamma dosage rates ranged from 26.4 to 59.0 nGy/h. This highest value was 59 nGy/h, which is higher than the 54 nGy/h safe level suggested by the United Nations Scientific Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). The research area’s hot spots that potentially endanger the health of nearby residents if proper precautions are not taken have been identified using a geospatial assessment of the background gamma radiation rate.
Lead-cadmium accumulation in agricultural soils and health implicationsKayode, O. T.; Oyeyemi, K. D.
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1342/1/012038pmid: N/A
The use of pesticides in farms has made agricultural soils often contaminated with heavy metals, excess of which the soils could pollute the environment and potentially damage human health through accumulation in the food chain. The geochemical compositions in agricultural soils from two commercial farms were analysed using ICP-MS. Trace elements are needed in minute quantities in soils but can be toxic to plants and humans with health implications at elevated rates. Soil samples from the study area were analysed and the result revealed that lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in the study sites were within the FAO/WHO standard limits. The implications of elevated rates on crops and humans alike are highlighted in this paper.
Sustainable approach of biological treatment of landfill leachate by Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation: A reviewMurhunzi, B. A.; Olukanni, D.O.; Oyegbile, B. A.
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1342/1/012039pmid: N/A
An upsurge in living standards, rising industrialization and urbanization, the protection of water environment has become a priority. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation process has drawn a lot of attention since it demonstrated substantial advantages over conventional nitrogen removal techniques, including a 100% reduction in the amount of organic carbon required, a 60% reduction in the amount of aeration needed, and a 90% reduction in the amount of sludge produced. Effective treatment of landfill leachate is extremely important as leachate is a threat to the environment. Municipal waste management is still a challenging situation in developing countries. Uncontrolled waste disposal results in greenhouse gases emissions which worsens climate change as the leachate will pollute water bodies, soil and a significant air pollution which impacts on human health will be released. This paper reviewed several published research works in Scopus dealing with the leachate treatment by Anammox process combined with some other systems and highlighted some common challenges found with the application of this new technology. Treating landfill leachate resulted in an excellent ammonium NH4+-N removal efficiency. However, it has been highlighted that most of the research reviewed reported some limitations of the technology on a small scale such as the low start-up time affecting the growth of bacteria in the reactors and the instability of the system when pH and temperature decrease. Biological treatment, Anammox method included, offers a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and an effective solution for nitrogen removal.
Utilization of Bituminous Sand in the Production of Eco-friendly Sandcrete for Sustainable ConstructionEzenkwa, C. S.; Ede, A. N.; Ogbaga, C. K.; Ogagaoghene, O. E.
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1342/1/012019pmid: N/A
Sandcrete is a construction material composed of cement, fine aggregate, and water. The constituent materials are in great demand due to their use in various buildings. The increasing demand in turn has led to astronomical increases in the cost of procuring these materials thereby making it very difficult to meet the shelter provision requirement of the teeming population of a country such as Nigeria. There have been various attempts to address this issue by substituting different materials for river sand in the production of sandcrete, either entirely or in part, one such material which is used in this research is bituminous sand. Bituminous sands are composed of sands, heavy oil and clay that are rich in mineral and water. Ordinary Portland cement was mixed with both river sand (as control) and bituminous sand in 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 100% replacement levels. Seventy-two sandcrete cubes were cast in all for this study and tested for compressive strength. From the investigation, the samples compressive strengths increased with increase in curing age and decreased with increase in percentage replacement though at a different rate with the sample containing 0% bituminous sand and 100% river sand denoted SC0,100 gaining the highest strength of 8.59N/mm2 at the 28th day of curing. The SC10,90, SC20,80, SC30,70 and SC40,60 attained 98.5%, 50%, 42.3% and 3.5% more strength compared to the design strength at 28th day of curing, respectively. While the SC100,0 attained 43.5% lower strength compared to the design strength at 28th day of curing. This research has revealed the possibility of using bituminous sand for developing eco-friendly sandcrete for construction purposes for up to 0-40% river sand replacement with bituminous sand.
Groundwater Exploration Within Shallow Depths Around Distinct Litho-Petrological Contact ZonesEjiga, E. G.; Nur, A.; Izuwa, N. C.; Olabode, O.
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1342/1/012040pmid: N/A
The world’s increasing demand for freshwater has put a strain on existing reserves in recent years, necessitating further exploration of new groundwater reserves. However, geologic provinces located within the contact boundary of Sedimentary Basin-Basement Complex region are somewhat faced with the problem of shallow sediment thickness. As a result, exploring for groundwater poses a challenge as the sediment thickness might be insufficient to host productive aquifers. Hence, exploring for faults and fractures zones that are embedded on the hard rock underneath the sediment is very essential and complimentary. In this study, high resolution aeromagnetic data over a litho-petrological contact zone of the Middle Benue Trough (MBT) and the Adamawa Massif were analyzed to delineate groundwater exploration areas using a simplified qualitative and quantitative approach. Visual inspection of isolated and aggregate anomalies is performed by analyzing their shapes, dimensions, lateral extents, and discontinuities. Lineaments were then extracted from the residual magnetic map to determine faults, fractures, and joints. A two-source-depth model is indicated by the Spectral Analysis technique used to determine the thickness of the sediments in the area. The deeper source (Z1) has a thickness of 0.9 - 3.6 km, while the shallow source (Z2) has a thickness of 0.1 - 0.8 km. While in some areas the overburden thickness may be sufficient for groundwater exploration, in others it was not, as indicated by the shallow magnetic depth, Z2. Nonetheless, areas of shallow thickness but with aggregates of faults, fractures, and joints were identified as possible locations for groundwater accumulation through magnetic lineament exploration.