Bunch component performance of AVROS and Yangambi populationSimamora, A N; Rahmadi, H Y; Yenni, Y; Sujadi, ; Siregar, H A; Supena, N; Arif, M; Supriyanto, E; Purba, A R
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1308/1/012017pmid: N/A
The IOPRI oil palm breeding program has developed a total of 11 varieties through two selection cycles since 1974, using the RRS scheme. The performance of the varieties from the first and second cycles in the AVROS and Yangambi groups was compared using data from progeny test bunch analysis. The AV-02 variety from the second cycle of AVROS line showed an increase in fruit/bunch (F/B) and oil extraction rate (OER) by 0.92% and 0.50%, respectively, compared to the AV-01 variety from the first cycle. The AV-03 variety increased mesocarp/fruit (M/F) to 4.92% and OER to 1.21%. However, M/F and OER enhancement was compensated by kernel/fruit (K/F) and shell/fruit (S/F) decrease by 2.35% and 2.57%. In the Yangambi group, the YA-02 variety from the second cycle had an improved average weight bunch (AWB) of 4.00 kg or 21.4% greater than the YA-01 variety from the first cycle. The YA-02 AWB improvement was followed by an increase in M/F and K/F by 0.87% and 0.30%. The YA-03 variety had better kernel characters with a rise in K/F and S/F of 0.54% and 0.44%, and OER still increased by 0.57%, which may be due to its oil/dry mesocarp (ODM) increase. CART® analysis showed that the F/B, ODM, and M/F were the three highest predictors for OER values for all varieties, except for YA-02 with F/B, S/F, and M/F, and YA-03 with M/F, F/B, and S/F. ODM is an important consideration in the assembly of high-yielding varieties, as it is one of the three major predictor characters that affect OER values which highly inherited.
A Population Study of reduviidae insect in oil palm plantation with different historical Darna trima caterpillars’ infestations stagesPrimananda, S; Soedijo, S; Gazali, A; Aidawati, N; Sukarman, ; Fitriana, C D A; Prasetyo, A E
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1308/1/012023pmid: N/A
Enriching biodiversity using beneficial refuge plants can expedite the recolonization process of predatory insects for sustainable control of Darna trima nettle caterpillar infestation in oil palm plantations. The recolonization process of predatory insects, including Reduviidae, will affect the differences in environmental factors, feeding availability, and landscape type. This research objective is to compare the population of Reduviidae insects (predator) in different historical D. trima infestation stages in oil palm blocks with various refuge plants, i.e., Antigonon leptopus, Cassia cobanensis, Turnera subulata, and Nephrolepis biserrata. The research was conducted in an existing oil palm plantation in Central Kalimantan from July to December 2022. An experimental 2-factor nested design involving the history of D. trima attacks and the type of refuge plants was implemented in 8 blocks (ca 40 ha each) to enumerate of predatory insect population using visual observation, sweep net, and yellow trap methods. The study revealed that the dominant Reduviidae species were Cosmolestes picticeps and Sycanus dichotomus. The population of C. picticeps was 35% higher in blocks with no historical D. trima outbreaks are significantly different from blocks with historical outbreaks. In both locations, the highest populations of Reduviidae insects were found in C. cobanensis and N. biserrata plots at 61-72 individuals and 58-67 individuals, respectively. Combining both refuge plants in oil palm blocks exhibited the most significant potential as a microhabitat for Reduviidae insects and for enhancing recolonization. To further enhance the role of S. dichotomus as an environmental service in the agricultural ecosystem, it is necessary to study proper propagation and augmentation techniques in oil palm plantations.
Monitoring of pH level for maximizing oil palm ffb yieldsThandapani, Pupathy Uthrapathy; Nadaraj, Sundian
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1308/1/012037pmid: N/A
Depending on the location of estates and types of soils, monitoring of pH changes is an integral part of soil-water management for realizing sustainable Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) yields. In Sumber Tani Agung Resources Tbk, fluctuations in pH levels in field blocks as well as nearby drains were monitored since 2019. The usage of portable units of pH meters made it possible for planters to record and monitor the on-site changes in pH. Monitoring of pH was done on two types of soils namely peat (three estates in North Sumatra) and acid sulfate soils (two estates in South Sumatra). Piezometer was established in each block in all five estates and pH reading was taken biweekly, including at nearby watergates for comparison. Lower pH values ranging from 3.5 to 3.7 were observed at piezometers and water gates on blocks established on acid sulfate soils as compared to pH values recorded in peat areas where slightly higher pH values were registered (4.3 to 5.6). The presence of pyrite contributed to a lower range of pH values on acid sulfate soils. Keeping water level at 40-70 cm on peat and at 45-60 cm for acid sulfate soils would have an impact on the improvement of soil physical chemistry and biology properties, besides creating aerobic conditions for roots of the cultivated oil palms. Organic fertilizer such as bunch ash was applied in the 2020-2021 period which also resulted in an increment in pH values. Generally, there were improvements in oil palm growth as well as palm yield performance in areas with higher pH values (>4.50).
RISS execution by an independent smallholder associationAsad, Ata; Nursaiyidah, Yusof; Nazifah, Rosland; Vasagi, Ramachandran; Amanina, Rashid Nur; Aziral, Ali Zafiq; Izzah, Khairina; Aiman, Hashim; Saiful, Azahar
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1308/1/012063pmid: N/A
The Center for Sustainable Small-owners (CSS) was established to improve the livelihoods of Independent Smallholders (ISH) of oil palm ensuring ethical and responsible production of oil palm with commitments to no deforestation, no new plantation on peatlands, and no exploitation (NDPE) in the supply chain. The CSS has a two-pronged approach i.e., improving livelihoods through yield intensification while sourcing responsibly ensuring ethical and sustainable oil palm production and ensuring sustainability through certification and compliance while empowering communities through farmer associations to safeguard their interests. The RSPO independent Smallholder Standard (RISS) was adopted by RSPO members on 6 November 2019. As part of its strategy, CSS helped facilitate RISS certification for the very first batch of Independent Smallholders through an ISH association, PERTANIAGA, in August 2021 who received full premium as of September 2022. Today, with 306 ISHs certified, this paper outlines the certification journey of these ISH. CSS aims to have 640 ISH certified through 2023 while diffusing its impact on a larger community through sustainable and good agricultural practices (GAP).
The use of unmanned aerial vehicle for controlling Oryctes rhinoceros beetle on Immature Oil PalmRoudhiyah, H N; Saepuloh, A; Wibowo, A S; Irwansyah,
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1308/1/012042pmid: N/A
Current constraints on labor supply and human error have triggered interest in using automated technology as an alternative to conventional operations. Hence, Minamas Plantation has embarked on an exploratory trial using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in one of the labor-intensive works in the oil palm industry, which is the prophylactic fortnightly spraying of beetles on immature palms. The trial was conducted between October 2021 and January 2022 at PT Aneka Inti Persada. Three treatments, namely UAV, conventional, and no control, were investigated under two different environments (straight-line and terrace plantings). A randomized complete block design was adopted, with three replicates of immature oil palms planted in 2020. Prior to treatment implementation, all treated palms were georeferenced. The insecticide used was Cypermethrin (5.5% EC) at 20 ml/L of water. Insecticide application by point-to-point spraying was conducted for 4 seconds on each palm (250 ml solution/palm) at 0.5 – 1.5 m above the canopy. Knapsack spraying was performed as per estate practice. No significant difference in fresh damage was recorded between the UAV and knapsack spraying as compared to the control plots. Palms in control plots continued to be inflicted by beetles with more than 5% fresh damage throughout the trial period. The trial concluded that UAV technology has great potential for adoption in daily estate operations. The next step of the trial was to compare the cost-effectiveness between treatments. This study did not carry out the economic analysis due to the scale of the trial.
Growth Test of Three Types of Legume Cover Crops Commonly Used in Oil Palm PlantationSumaryanto, ; Ramadhan, I F; Prasetyo, I D; Ginting, E N; Pangaribuan, Y; Hidayat, T C; Listia, E; Fauzi, W R; Primananda, S; Sukarman, ; Fitriana, C D A
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1308/1/012020pmid: N/A
Legume cover crops (LCC) in oil palm plantations aim to protect the soil from direct sunlight, suppress weed growth, suppress erosion, maintain soil moisture and increase soil fertility. Cover crops such as Mucuna bracteate (Mb), Pueraria javanica (Pj), and Calopogonium mucunoides (Cm) are commonly used in oil palm plantations. Nowadays, the superior cover crop seeds are limited. However, all of the cover crop seeds spread in the market are coming from unlicenced farms. As consequence, the seed quality and the purity are questioned. It is important to conduct research to identify the quality of those there LCC seeds. Germination methods used in the laboratory tests were the method of on paper (UDK), between-paper test (UAK), and soil media test. An experimental design completely randomized was used. The results showed that the germination percentage of Pj, Mb, dan Cm with the UDK method are 29%, 22%, and 4%; the UAK method are 33%, 41%, and 5%; meanwhile, the growth percentage of Pj, Mb, and Cm are 47%, 53%, and 7% respectively.
Efficacy of herbicides and reductant at different levels to control invasive tall reed (Phragmites karka) in oil palm plantationsAnggraeni, L W; Putri, P H
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1308/1/012008pmid: N/A
Controlling Phragmites karka, a highly invasive weed, is critical for peat areas since this species is a significantand hard-to control weed in oil palm plantations. Herbicides are one of the most effective and efficient tools for controlling P. karka, and their use is increasing due to their ability to provide rapid and long-term results. However, herbicides must be applied responsibly and carefully to minimize any environmental impacts. The study included an evaluation of the effectiveness of several combinations of herbicides on P. karka in an oil palm plantation and a comparison of their efficiency and cost. Results showed that combination of 1.8 L/ha glyphosate, 0.045 L/ha topramezone and 0.3 L/ha reductant Y (G7) has a promising result in controlling P. karka (weed mortality of 97% until 8 WAA and 12% regrowth until 12 WAA) and was more cost-effective compared to estate practice, reducing cost up to 0.43% per hectare because of the use of pesticide reductant. The use of reductant technology in this treatment also showed an effectiveness in reducing application frequency. This study demonstrates that herbicides can effectively and efficiently control P. karka in oil palm plantations, especially in peat land. Reductant can be one of the solutions to reduce the use of herbicides without lessening the efficacy, affordably, and sustainably.
A Cutting-Edge Precision Agriculture Technology to Support the Sustainable Oil Palm IndustrySantoso, H; Yusuf, M A; Rahutomo, S; Madiyuanto, ; Winarna,
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1308/1/012053pmid: N/A
One of the most important factors in attaining sustainability in oil palm plantations is proper production input management in accordance with Good Agronomic Practices. For controlling plant disease and fertilizing, it can be started with an accurate monitoring technique to identify disease infection and the level of leaf nutrients in the field. The monitoring method should also be inexpensive, rapid, less time-consuming, and repeatable. This study has demonstrated how image classification (remote sensing) can be used to locate oil palm trees that have the Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease and to estimate the nutritional level of the leaves. The healthy and BSR-infected palms had been effectively recognized and mapped using the remote sensing approach, which was used in conjunction with machine learning as well as a multispectral camera from a satellite and UAV. Furthermore, the use of a UAV and Mapir camera had resulted in a good prediction of N, P, K, and Mg content in the palm leaves; therefore, it may be practical to monitor leaf nutrient status in the oil palm plantations.
Usage of near infrared spectrometer as an analyzing tool for nutrients in leaf, fertilizer and soil in oil palm industryThandapani, Pupathy Uthrapathy; Harahap, Zulkifli; Nadaraj, Sundian
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1308/1/012036pmid: N/A
In the oil palm industry, a huge money is used for chemical items to examine samples, especially for leaf (foliar), fertilizer, and soil. However, with the advent of FOSS NIRS DS2500 technology, there is a huge reduction in chemical usage in laboratories. Results were attained in less than a minute while covering many parameters in a single scanning. This tool uses the technology of Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) to scan the particles of the substance and thus, elements are detected within the NIRS wavelength region. FOSS NIRS DS2500 uses a broad wavelength range of 400 to 2500nm, covering the highest possible performance across any chemical elements/molecules. Furthermore, there are accurate analysis results for a wide range of parameters, such as oil content, moisture content, N, P, K, Mg, Ca, B, Zn, and Cu. The objective of this paper is to discuss the ‘hands-on’ experience with the usage of FOSS NIRS DS2500 as an analyzing tool for determining the nutrient values for the above-mentioned samples. FOSS NIRS DS2500 is a ‘secondary method’ as this tool needs to be calibrated periodically with a database gathered from a traditional laboratory (primer method/conventional method). Statistics is used to verify the accuracy and acceptance level of data, for example, standard error of prediction, standard error of cross-validation, and standard error lab. Unification usage of applied science of statistics, biochemistry of plant tissues, and appropriate sampling methods in the fields had resulted in a practice where huge use of chemicals is eliminated while the accuracy of data is retained.