8th International Biotechnology Conference, Exhibition and Workshopdoi: 10.1088/1755-1315/210/1/011001pmid: N/A
THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL BIOTECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, EXHIBITION AND WORKSHOP (IBCE&W, 2018) ORGANIZED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, COVENANT UNIVERSITY, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIAPREFACEInternational Biotechnology Exhibition and Workshop (IBCE&W) is aimed at employing biotechnological innovations as a modern tool to tackle major challenges confronting developing nations in Africa. IBCE&W is a formidable platform for the Biological Science Department to strive towards attainment of ReCITe Agenda of Covenant University.The conference was organized by the Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, in conjunction with Association of Medical Laboratory Scientists of Nigeria (AMLSN). It held from 12th to 13th March, 2018, at the Covenant University Centre for Research, Innovation and Discovery (CUCRID) Conference Hall, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. It was themed Biotechnological Innovations: Panacea to Sustainable Development.In conformity to the SDGs, four subthemes were targeted at key aspects of economies of developing Nations, particularly those in the sub-Sahara Africa.
Peer review statementdoi: 10.1088/1755-1315/210/1/011005pmid: N/A
All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.
First Detection of Proteus cibarius sp. of clinical significanceAdesina, T. D.; Nwinyi, O. C.; De, N.; Omonigbehin, E. A.
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/210/1/012001pmid: N/A
The rapidly changing resistance pattern of multidrug resistant Gram negative bacilli over the last decade is challenging. Their ability to develop resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and produce extended spectrum β-lactamases is most current clinical issue in antibiotic resistance, globally. This study was carried out to identify Gram negative bacterial responsible for β-lactam antibiotics treatment failure in an 88-year-old patient not responding to cephalosporin treatment. Wound sample was obtained from patient with long term infected diabetic wound and cultured on MacConkey agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility and double disk synergistic test were carried out to ascertain antibiotics resistance profile of isolate and production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases, respectively. Isolate was presumptively identified using standard biochemical tests. Genomic DNA extraction, amplification of the 16S rRNA gene with 27F (f5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′) and 1492R (r5′-GGTTACCCTTGTTACGACTT-3′) primers and sequencing analysis were carried out to confirm presumptive identification. Nucleotides sequences were aligned with bioedit 7.2.5 and aligned sequences were compared with similar sequences on Gene bank. Construction of phylogenetic tree and evolutionary analysis of related sequences was conducted in MEGA7, using the Neighbor-Joining method. Isolate was identified to be Proteus cibarius strain ADE 1 with ascension number MH037129. Proteus cibarius strain ADE 1 was resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics and positive for ESBL production. This is the first report on Proteus cibarius associated with human pathogenicity. It is also the first detection of antibiotics resistance and ESBL production in Proteus cibarius. Proteus cibarius has a pathogenic potential and is an emerging opportunistic pathogen capable of spreading multiple antibiotics resistance.
Multi-antibiotics Resistant Relatedness of bla-gene Encoded Enteric Bacteria harbouring High Molecular R-plasmids.Akinduti, P.A; Oluwadun, A.; Osiyemi, J.; Ejilude, O; Isibor, P.O
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/210/1/012002pmid: N/A
Increase prevalence of multi-resistant enteric bacteria isolates encoded with high mobile R-plasmid causing enteric infections was examined among the community residents in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Random cluster sampling of 251 fecal samples of community residents were cultured for enteric bacteria and biotyped. Disc diffusion and Micro-broth dilution assay were used to determine antibiotic susceptibility while R-plasmid was profiled with photo-gel documentation. Antibiotic resistance relatedness was detected using DendroUPGMA construction utility software. Of all isolates obtained, 31.3% were Escherichia coli Klebsiella oxytoca (19.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.3%) and Shigella specie (2.0%). Significant high rate of 62.6% showed resistant to Cefuroxime, 61.6% to Ampicillin and Augmentin (54.2%) while 44.7%, 38.9% and 33.9% resist Cotrimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline respectively at MIC ≥16 μg/ml (p = 0.004). Only 54.1% harboured high molecular weight R-plasmid (>11.0kbp) and 2.7% having <5kbp R-plasmid weight. Two distinct clusters revealed significant multi-antibiotic resistant relatedness. Cluster A enteric isolates harboured similar R-plasmid of only one bands with high molecular weight more than 11kbp while Cluster B divided into subgroup a and subgroup b comprising different enteric species having similar high molecular weights with high antibiotic resistant expressing more than two plasmid bands showing computed cophenetic correlation of 0.94. Cluster analysis reveal a related high level multi-antibiotics resistant enteric bacteria strains among the community residents suggesting a continuous dissemination and imminent outbreak of resistant enteric pathotypes with resultant epidemic proportion.
Antimicrobial activity and time kill kinetics of Nigerian Honeys on multi-resistant Enteric BacilliAkinduti, P.A; Oluwadun, A; Olugbuyiro, J.A.O; Osuagwu, C.S; Ejilude, O; Onagbesan, K.O; Olasehinde, G.I; Taiwo, O.S; Obafemi, Y.D
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/210/1/012003pmid: N/A
Antimicrobial activities of some Nigeria honeys were tested on multi-antibiotic resistant enteric bacilli strains (MAREBS) that are becoming dreadful among the populace. Enteric bacilli isolated from fecal samples randomly collected from community populace were biotyped and profiled for antibiotic susceptibility by micro-broth dilution assay. Honey physico-chemical and phyto-chemical metabolites were analysed and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to MAREBS while its time kill kinetics was evaluated. Significant rate of 31.3% Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, (19.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.3%) were found with only 62.6% showed significant resistance to cefotaxime (30μg) and 61.6% to ampicillin (10μg). more than 40% showed significant resistance to Cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline with MIC ≥16 μg/ml (p<0.05). Physico-chemical parameters vary significantly with high phenol and alkaloids contents. Few honey samples showed antimicrobial activity of more than 37% inhibition rate while 8.1% MAREBS were further inhibited at lower MIC 31.25mg/mL, 10.8% at MIC 125mg/mL and 8.1% MIC 250mg/mL, while cidal rate of 8.1% was recorded. Significant reduction in average count of different MAREBS was recorded at honey dilutions of 1:2 and 1:4 to less than 2.10Log10CFU/mL. Amidst global burden of enteric infection with persistence antibiotic resistance, Nigerian honeys showed a reliable bacteriostatic and cidal activity as prospective novel alternative therapy for MAREBS infections.
Isolation and Identification of Listeria monocytogenes in Fresh Croaker (Pseudotolithus senegalensis)Amusan, E. E.; Sanni, A.I.
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/210/1/012004pmid: N/A
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen. Food products contaminated with this bacterium causes listeriosis which is a disease with high mortality and hospitalization rate. It is a known threat to food safety due to its persistence in food processing environment and its ability to survive and grow at several environmental conditions. In this study, a total of 108 fresh croaker samples were collected from retail outlets in Lagos, Nigeria. The isolation of L. monocytogenes involved the use of culture methods based on selective enrichment and plating. Isolates were identified by colony morphology, sugar fermentation and haemolytic properties. Genotypic identification of L. monocytogenes was performed using PCR incorporating 16S rRNA followed by DNA sequence analysis. Eight samples (7.4%) were positive for L. monocytogenes. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA showed that fresh croaker L. monocytogenes isolates were grouped into two different clusters when compared with reference L. monocytogenes indicating that they belong to different ancestors. This study revealed the presence of L. monocytogenes in fresh croaker in low concentration. However, vulnerable populations are still at risk if these products are consumed raw or lightly cooked.
Trace metal residues in a tropical Watercourse sediment in Nigeria: Health risk implicationsAnani, O. A.; Olomukoro, J. O.
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/210/1/012005pmid: N/A
This study aims to ascertain the possible health risks on humans to trace metals in Ossiomo River sediment via different exposure pathways. The pollution of river sediments by trace metals has raised countless concern for their potential biological noxiousness, environmental durability, and biological accumulation to humans along the food chain. Selected trace metals were analyzed based on required analytic approaches. Standard statistical tools were used to evaluate the records collected from the field. The outcomes from the field showed that the amount of the trace metals in the sediment were significantly higher in most samples and above set standard limits. The results of the hazard quotient (HQ) of the ingestion and dermal exposure were sourced from only Cd; 78.03, 6.93 and 7.47 for the ingestion pathway and 2840.20, 1445.46 and 1556.65 for the dermal pathway respectively. The hazard index (HI) obtained for Cd were ingestion (78.26, 6.96 and 7.49) and dermal (2841.87, 1446.31 and 1557.56) respectively. With more cumulative interactive effects in the children. The Cancer Risk gotten in this study was far greater in the children [Pb (0.644), Cr (3.35E+01) and Cd (4.76E+02)] than in the male [Pb (1.19E-01), Cr (6.20E+00) and Cd (8.82E+01)] and the female [Pb (0.128), Cr (6.67E+00) and Cd (9.50E+01)]. The TCR (Total Cancer Risk) values obtained were far beyond the set standards with Cd and Cr values of 659.09 and 46.32 respectively. We recommend further studies in this ecosystem in order to monitor the persistent anthropogenic impact and to anticipate any possible ecological risk that may propel human health risk impact.