1st International Conference on Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture in The Tropics (IC-FSSAT)doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/157/1/011001pmid: N/A
PREFACEInternational Conference on Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture in the Tropic (IC-FSSAT 2017) was held in Makassar, Indonesia on October 24-25 2017. IC-FSSAT 2017 is dedicated to address issues related to food security and sustainable agriculture in the Tropics, hosted by Faculty of Agriculture and Publication Management Centre (PMC), Hasanuddin University.Food security and sustainable agriculture still becomes a global issue in the tropic. The major goal and feature of the conference was to promote knowledge, science, and technology as well as to address issues in food security and sustainable agriculture in the tropics, by bringing together researchers, scientists, practitioners and scholars in the respected fields. Professors from Japan and France are invited to deliver keynote speeches, together with invited speakers from Australia, United Kingdoms, Malaysia, Finland and Indonesia. Their presence indicates the concern and role of the researchers, scientists and practitioners which are significant in keeping food security and sustainable agriculture.This proceedings present selected papers submitted to the conference by academics and researches from universities and research institutes. All papers were subjected to rigorous peer-reviews by conference committee members and international reviewers to ensure their compliance to meet the required standard for qualified scientific publication. This volume presents recent researches in the field of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture in the Tropic covering various related areas: Crop Production and Environment, Geospatial Agriculture, GMO Food, Food Safety and Product Development, Integrated Pest Management, Marine Biodiversity, Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Rural and Institutional Development.We would like to appreciate all authors who have contributed to this proceedings, the conference committee, speakers, attendees, organizing committee and sponsors who have made the 1st IC-FSSAT a succces. We wish the conference will have siginificant contribution in field of food security and sustainable agriculture. We are also expecting that this conference proceedings contributes in looking at a new paradigm for food security and sustainable agriculture, especially in the tropic.Imam Mujahidin FahmidChair of Organizing Commitee ICFSSAT and Director of Publication Management Center Hasanuddin University.
Peer review statementdoi: 10.1088/1755-1315/157/1/011003pmid: N/A
All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.
Collaboration of liquid bio-ameliorant and compost effect to crop yield and decreasing of inorganic fertilizer utilization for sustainable agricultureRasyid, B
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/157/1/012001pmid: N/A
Soil quality and plant productivity are main issue in agriculture production. The purpose of this research was to obtain sustainable crop management in effort to improve soil quality and increase maize production through collaboration of liquid bio-ameliorant and compost. Field experiment was carried out in two planting season with factorial experimental design replicated three times in 2m x 2m plots. Duncan multiple range test was used to analysis the effect of treatment on all parameters evaluated. The first planting season, treatments were arranged in three factors as: (1) planting space with two spaces, (2) three concentration of liquid bio-ameliorant, and (3) three level of urea fertilizer. The second planting season, treatments were arranged in two factors as: (1) liquid bio-ameliorant (LBA) with four concentrations and (2) compost with four levels. In the first season, result showed in soil quality parameters such as microbial density and soil chemical properties increased approximately 28%. The highest yield of 9.00 ton ha-1 was found in application 300 ml l-1 LBA + urea 240 kg ha-1. In the second season, collaboration treatment of 250 ml l-1 LBA + 10 ton ha-1 compost had the highest yield by 10.47 ton ha-1. This study confirmed that collaboration of liquid bio-ameliorant and compost could be used as fertilizer complement and reducing inorganic fertilizer utilization to sustain crop production and soil quality.
Improving quality and digestibility of cocoa pod with white rot fungiMustabi, J; Wedawati, ; Armayanti, A K
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/157/1/012002pmid: N/A
White rot fungi is a type of fungus that is able to degrade lignin in the feed material from waste, so it can be used to increase the added value of cocoa pod as alternative feed ingredients to meet the nutritional needs of cattle. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of white rot fungi in improving the quality and digestibility cocoa pod as feed. The study consisted of two phases, namely fermentation using three isolates of white rot fungi (Coprinus comatus, Corilopsis polyzona and Lentinus torulosus) on pod husks and quality testing in vitro digestibility of fermented. Results of analysis of variance show that the treatment was highly significant on the content of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose pod husks. Fermented cocoa husks with white rot fungi can degrade lignin content of 1.42% - 12.28% and highly significant improved on in vitro digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. The conclusion, isolates of white rot fungi most active in degrading lignin was Lentinus torulosus isolates and less ability to degrade cellulose and hemicellulose.
The rain water management model on an appropriate hilly area to fulfil the needs of cocoa farm during dry seasonHasbi, M; Darma, R; Yamin, M; Nurdin, M; Rizal, M
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/157/1/012003pmid: N/A
Cocoa is an important commodity because 90% farmers involved, easily marketed, and potentially harvested along the year. However, cocoa productivity tended to decrease by an average of only 300 kg hectare-1 year-1 or away from the potential productivity of two tons. Water management was an alternative method to increase its productivity by harvesting rainwater on the hilly cocoa farm area and distributing the water based on the gravity law. The research objective was to describes how to manage rainwater at the hilly cocoa farm area, so that the water needs of cocoa farm were met during the dry season. The important implication of the management was the water availability that supports the cocoa cultivation during the year. This research used qualitative method with descriptive approach to explain the appropriate technical specification of infrastructure to support the rainwater management. This research generated several mathematical formulas to support rainwater management infrastructure. The implementation of an appropriate rainwater utilization management for cocoa farm will ensuring the availability of water during dry season, so the cocoa farm allowed to produce cacao fruit during the year.
Species variation in home garden agroforestry system in South Sulawesi, Indonesia and its contribution to farmers’ incomePaembonan, S A; Millang, S; Dassir, M; Ridwan, M
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/157/1/012004pmid: N/A
Home-garden is one of the types of agroforestry which is commonly practiced by rural communities in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study aimed to determine the diversity levels of the species constituting the home-gardens and their contribution to the farmers’ incomes. The variables used in the study were the widths variation of the land owned as the home-gardens and the socioeconomic backgrounds of the community. The study results indicated that in small land, the community cultivated annual crop plants interspersed with agricultural commodities, and the trees as the boundary, while in the wider land they integrated various species plants within the area. The diversity index of the home-gardens was categorized as moderate with a value of 1.25 to 2.18, while species uniformity index was ranging from moderate to high with values of 0.49 to 0.77. The total incomes from home gardens varied greatly from one community to another, and it was largely determined by the composition and density of the constituent species. The contribution of the home-gardens to the income of the farmers amounted to 43.27%–49.06%. The sustainable management of the home-garden agroforestry can give a significant contribution to the farmers’ incomes and the preservation of biodiversity and environment.
Soil physicochemical properties to evaluate soil degradation under different land use types in a high rainfall tropical region: A case study from South Sulawesi, IndonesiaAhmad, A; Lopulisa, C; Imran, A M; Baja, S
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/157/1/012005pmid: N/A
Intensive cropping in the tropical region always becomes one of important driving forces of soil degradation. The primary aim of this study is to analyze the states and the dynamics of soil physicochemical properties to evaluate soil degradation in the tropical region a high rainfall on agricultural areas in South Sulawesi. A number of soil characteristics were analyzed for physical and chemical properties, and clay minerals with X-ray diffractometer. The degree of soil degradation is determined using Wischmeier and Smith equation. This study reveals that mean annual precipitation in 1979-2016 ranged from 1853.15 to 2981.30 mm/year. For land used for paddy field, palm oil, cacao and coffee plantation, the texture dominated with silt loam-clay loam, cation exchange capacity was 18.63-26.32 cmol+ kg-1, 0.98-2.91% of C-organic, 32-55% of base saturation, 0.1-3.5 cm h-1 of permeability, soil clay minerals were montmorillonite-kaolinite-halloysite, and the index erodibility was 0.3-0.5. Land used for mixed plants and shrubs, the texture dominated with silt loam-sandy clay loam, cation exchange capacity was 18.63-27.12 cmol+ kg-1, 1.09-2.89% of C-organic, 32-55% of base saturation, 0.2-4.9 cm/h of permeability, soil clay minerals were kaolinite-halloysite, and index erodibility was 0.1-0.3. Land use for cultivated in the high intensity of rainfall has changed the physicochemical properties of soils, but cultivated in monoculture has at some degree increased soil erodibility.
The application of parallel wells to support the use of groundwater for sustainable irrigationSuhardi,
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/157/1/012006pmid: N/A
The use of groundwater as a source of irrigation is one alternative in meeting water needs of plants. Using groundwater for irrigation requires a high cost because of the discharge that can be taken is limited. In addition, the use of large groundwater can cause environmental damage and social conflict. To minimize costs, maintain quality of the environment and to prevent social conflicts, it is necessary to innovate in the groundwater taking system. The study was conducted with an innovation of using parallel wells. Performance is measured by comparing parallel wells with a single well. The results showed that the use of parallel wells to meet the water needs of rice plants and increase the pump discharge up to 100%. In addition, parallel wells can reduce the influence radius of taking of groundwater compared to single well so as to prevent social conflict. Thus, the use of parallel wells can support the achievement of the use of groundwater for sustainable irrigation.
Compost applicators for horticultureIqbal, ; Achmad, M; Sapsal, M T
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/157/1/012007pmid: N/A
Horticulture is the art of planting fruit trees, vegetables, and ornamental or agricultural science that deals with the cultivation of gardens, including planting vegetable plants, fruit, flowers, and shrubs and ornamental trees. Fertilization is one of the important things to increase production, even until now regarded as a dominant factor in agricultural production. The use of compost can provide benefits for soil and plants. Problems that occur at the time of application of compost needed manpower and considerable expense, so it needs an efficient technology in the form of mechanical equipment that is simple and easy to operate. This study aims to modify applicator for sugar cane dry land so that it can be used on horticultural crops (vegetables) land and seeks to increase the efficiency of the applicator compost through modifications the system coupling that can be drawn using the tractor two wheels. The results show that the prototype model of applicator conveyor belt type had been made was functioning properly. Modification is done by replacing the joint connection between the applicator and the tractor. The volume of applicator compost is one meter cubic.