Language & Linguistics Compass

Krause, Peter A.; Kawamoto, Alan H.

doi: 10.1111/lnc3.12373pmid: N/A

The timing and coordination of articulatory movements is essential to producing speech. A considerable body of literature explores the cognitive and motor control mechanisms involved. This review provides an accessible introduction to that literature, while highlighting articulatory phenomena that challenge prevailing views. We begin with the concept of dynamic articulatory gestures, and their role in the coproduction account of coarticulation. We then outline prominent accounts of gestural coordination. These accounts generally assume that speech planning involves the selection of coarsely grained units, which then unfold involuntarily. Later we consider evidence that speakers rapidly adapt to surprising acoustic feedback, that they plan around the expected timing of upcoming acoustic consequences, and that they reshape the articulatory time course on the fly. These findings suggest that movements can be flexibly modified, and that execution can considerably overlap planning. We advocate for speech models that permit speakers fine‐grained control over unfolding articulation.

Kochetov, Alexei

doi: 10.1111/lnc3.12371pmid: N/A

This article is Part II of a general overview of current methods in articulatory phonetics research (which also consists of Part I “Research methods in articulatory phonetics I: Introduction & studying oral gestures”). The article begins by examining methods employed by phoneticians to investigate laryngeal and nasal gestures—speech‐related configurations of the glottis and the lowering/raising the velum for nasal/oral consonants and vowels. This is done by reviewing the methods of electroglottography, endoscopy, photoglottography, and measurements of airflow and air pressure. The article further examines magnetic resonance imaging and radiography (X‐rays)—the methods employed to investigate the entire vocal tract. The review is concluded with the methods of video recording and optical tracking, as used to study manual gestures in speech and sign language. Each methodological section contains a review of relevant journal publications illustrating the application of the method, as well as references to further readings. The article concludes with an overview of current developments and trends in instrumental articulatory phonetics, and highlight issues requiring further research.

doi: 10.1111/lnc3.12318pmid: N/A