Modeling a quasi-passive bipedal walker: when and where to kickClavijo, J; Sierra, W; Sánchez, S
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2516/1/012009pmid: N/A
Walking is one of the most complex tasks a human being can perform. It takes several years to develop the patterns that enable a person to walk and run. Although it is now possible to replicate these patterns in machines such as robots, actuators are needed to control the pace and compensate for the energy loss of walking. However, in small robots (in the scale of centimeters) the size and weight of the actuators could be a limiting factor for their use. To solve this problem, quasi-passive walkers have been recently proposed. These walkers consist of several coupled rigid bodies, usually forming a biped, that move on flat surfaces in the presence of a gravitational field. It is well known that these bipeds can descend on small slope planes without the need for actuators. Walking on horizontal planes requires the presence of actuators to initiate and maintain the pace, however, these actuators could be small enough to ”kick” the walker at the right point at the right time. In this work, we present a physical-mathematical model of a bipedal walker composed of five rigid bodies (two legs, two feet, and the hip) moving in a horizontal plane. The model focuses on the natural motion of the biped under certain initial conditions with the ultimate goal of determining the best position of the actuators and the actuation time to maintain the gait. This model could be used as a guide for the construction of small laboratory-scale walkers and as a teaching tool in biomedical engineering courses.
Enhanced adsorption of chlorogenic acid polyphenol by layered double hydroxide modified with sodium dodecyl sulfateNascimento, A C A; Ruellas, T M O; Malafatti, J O D; Paris, E C
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2516/1/012001pmid: N/A
Polyphenols are a class of organic contaminants highly present in wastewater from industrial and agro-industrial processes. Adsorptive processes are employed to remove contaminants from effluents without the generation of by-products. Among the challenges in removal is the search for adsorbents that have affinity and favor the interaction with the contaminant. In this sense, this paper aimed to evaluate a layered double hydroxide modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate as an adsorbent material of the chlorogenic acid polyphenol. Carbonated magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite was the layered double hydroxide employed for modification at different sodium dodecyl sulfate contents. The results showed that the modification with 50% w w-1 sodium dodecyl sulfate increased the adsorptive capacity of the modified layered double hydroxide from 0.030 mg g-1 to 2.3 mg g-1 after 24 hours of contact with the polyphenol. Thus, the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate for surface modification of layered double hydroxide indicated positive results that favor the application of the modified material in the removal of polyphenols.
Matricials methods applied to the solution of the Ginzburg-Landau equationsAguirre, C A; Otálora, J; Mosquera Polo, A S; Barba-Ortega, J
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2516/1/012011pmid: N/A
In this contribution we propose two numerical methods for the solution of the system of two non-linear coupled differential Ginzburg-Landau equations. These proposals are based firstly on taking a matrix view considering the quasi-linear coupled system, as a second option, considering the computational molecule with its respective restriction of the values and eigen-vectors of the matrix. We clearly and concisely obtained the eigenvalues that lead us to an optimal spatio-temporal convergence solution of said system of equations. We compare the numerical convergence times obtained by these three methods with the known time found by applying the link variable method.
Application of a comprehensive methodology for the development of personalized bone implants: exemplification through three casesTorres-Jara, P B; Vázquez-Silva, E; Moncayo-Matute, F P; Peña-Tapia, P G; Moya-Loayza, D P; Abad-Farán, G
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2516/1/012004pmid: N/A
This work presents a compilation, through three real cases, on the application of a comprehensive methodology that describes the processes and materials that can be used for the design and manufacture of personalized bone implants and surgical planning. To do this, doctors and engineers generate test anatomical models to study and simulate the operative approach, surgical cutting guides to reduce the time of the intervention, and the bone implant itself to correct or overcome certain pathologies. In all the cases treated, the physical and mechanical properties of the structure, bone or not, replaced or studied, have been taken into account.
Obtaining structural parameters of cerium-doped lanthanum cobaltites from X-ray diffraction pattern modelingOviedo Cuéter, J M; Sánchez Pacheco, L C; Mora Florez, C D
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2516/1/012003pmid: N/A
In this work, structural parameters of lanthanum cobaltites doped with cerium atomic concentration of 1%, 3%, and 5 %, synthesized using the sol-gel method and considering calcination temperature of 900 °C, were estimated from the modeling of the X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples. Modeling of the experimental X-ray diffraction patterns is carried out using the Rietveld refinement method implemented with the Fullprof-Suite program. Estimation of crystallite sizes obtained from diffraction peak modeling, implemented with the X powder program, and using the Scherrer equation and Williamson-Hall plots, considering Lorentzian and Pseudo Voigt line profiles, are also performed. Additionally, the obtained compounds were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The identified phase for the samples corresponds to hexagonal perovskite structure and R3¯c(# 167) space group, with crystallite size in the range of 38 nm to 56 nm. In general, significant changes in the structural parameters of the samples due to doping with cerium are not evidenced.
Geospatial visualization of indicators for the dynamics of innovation in an educational institution applying clustering techniquesBuitrago-Cadavid, P A; Benavides-Guevara, J A; Restrepo-Zapata, E J; Castro-Maldonado, J J; Patiño-Murillo, J A
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2516/1/012012pmid: N/A
The activities of science, technology, and innovation are related to the execution of actions involving research, experimental development, support for education and training, provision of scientific and technological services, administration, and other management activities. In this context, the SENNOVA Research System of Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje of Colombia dedicates human and technological resources to contribute to the country’s economic and social growth, looking to answer the need to develop Colombia’s productive sector. In turn, these contributions also generate social dynamics in which the activity at the institutional level can be represented as a kind of the complex systems studied by nonlinear Physics. These complex dynamics are suitable for visualization from the stochastic processes that lead to statistical distributions typical of complex systems. A data analytics model for the measurement and visualization of innovation indicators is being developed in the Antioquia regional branch of Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje, where the distinct categories of science, technology, and innovation activities are graphically identified to facilitate the analysis of the results obtained from both descriptive statistics and data science. From the perspective of complex systems for representing these institutional social dynamics, clustering processes with techniques such as K-means grouping were implemented. Potential distributions determined by the conglomerates of management processes and productivity of the projects executed in the analyzed institution over a given period are identified as innovation indicators and subsequently classified using principal component analysis. Python Folium was used as a visualization tool to graphically generate comparisons between the different Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje centers of the Antioquia regional branch in each period. The results show greater ease of interpretation and analysis of statistical results and data analytics in measuring indicators of science, technology, and innovation activities through the techniques employed in comparison with traditional data visualization tools.
V Workshop on Modeling and Simulation for Science and EngineeringRincón-Joya, M; Barba-Ortega, J J; V-Niño, E D
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2516/1/011001pmid: N/A
This volume presents the written contributions of the participants of the V Workshop on Modeling and Simulation for Science and Engineering (V WMSSE) which was held from July 25 to 26, 2022, at the Bogotá city, Colombia, organized by the Foundation Of Researchers In Science And Technology Of Materials (FORISTOM).The Proceedings volume includes 12 manuscripts that were presented as plenary talks at the conference; the abstracts of all participants’ contributions were published in the Abstract Book with ISSN 2745-1496. The website of the conference is available at https://foristom.org/5wmsse.The two-day scientific program of the V WMSSE consisted of 5 plenary lectures, 12 oral on-site presentations, and 26 virtual presentations, with the participation of undergraduate and graduate students, professors, researchers, and entrepreneurs from Spain, Mexico, Uruguay, Brazil, Ecuador, and Colombia.Likewise, the main aim of V WMSSE was to bring together national and international researchers in order to show scientific progress and to highlight the strong correlation of research in modeling and simulation on science, engineering, nanotechnology, and industrial applications; besides, to promote the exchange of creative ideas and the effective transfer of scientific knowledge, from fundamental research to innovation applied to industrial solutions with of purpose to advance in the development of the society by means of efficient transference of the knowledge between sectors academia and industry.All papers in these Proceedings volume refer to one of the following topics covered in the V WMSSE:✓ Computer Science.✓ Mechatronic Systems.✓ Dynamic Systems Modeling.✓ Physical-Chemistry Modeling.✓ Physics-Mathematical Modeling.✓ Modeling, Simulation, and Diagnostics.✓ Education on Science, Engineering, and Technology.On behalf of the organizing committee of the V WMSSE, we are extremely thankful to all authors and participants for providing their valuable contributions for this Proceedings volume as well as the reviewers for their constructive recommendations and criticism aiding to improve the presented articles.List of Organizing Committee, National Scientific Committee, International Scientific Committee, Invited Speakers, Sponsor, Partners are available in this Pdf.
A mathematical model and simulation scenarios for T and B cells immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2Cuesta-Herrera, L; Córdova-Lepe, F; Pastenes, L; Arencibia, A D; Baldera-Moreno, Y; Torres-Mantilla, H A
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2516/1/012007pmid: N/A
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is a type 2 highly contagious, and transmissible among humans; the natural human immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 combines cell-mediated immunity (lymphocyte) and antibody production. In the present study, we analyzed the dynamic effects of adaptive immune system cell activation in the human host. The methodology consisted of modeling using a system of ordinary differential equations; for this model, the equilibrium free of viral infection was obtained, and its local stability was determined. Analysis of the model revealed that lymphocyte activation leads to total pathogen elimination by specific recognition of viral antigens; the model dynamics are driven by the interaction between respiratory epithelial cells, viral infection, and activation of helper T, cytotoxic T, and B lymphocytes. Numerical simulations showed that the model solutions match the dynamics involved in the role of lymphocytes in preventing new infections and stopping the viral spread; these results reinforce the understanding of the cellular immune mechanisms and processes of the organism against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection, allowing the understanding of biophysical processes that occur in living systems, dealing with the exchange of information at the cellular level.